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Native Orchids in Southeast Alaska
Native Orchids in Southeast Alaska Marlin Bowles & Bob Armstrong 2019 Preface Southeast Alaska's rainforests, peatlands and alpine habitats support a wide variety of plant life. The composition of this vegetation is strongly influenced by patterns of plant distribution and geographical factors. For example, the ranges of some Asian plant species extend into Southeast Alaska by way of the Aleutian Islands; other species extend northward into this region along the Pacific coast or southward from central Alaska. Included in Southeast Alaska's vegetation are at least 27 native orchid species and varieties whose collective ranges extend from Mexico north to beyond the Arctic Circle, and from North America to northern Europe and Asia. These orchids survive in a delicate ecological balance, requiring specific insect pollinators for seed production, and mycorrhizal fungi that provide nutrients essential for seedling growth and survival of adult plants. These complex relationships can lead to vulnerability to human impacts. Orchids also tend to transplant poorly and typically perish without their fungal partners. They are best left to survive as important components of biodiversity as well as resources for our enjoyment. Our goal is to provide a useful description of Southeast Alaska's native orchids for readers who share enthusiasm for the natural environment and desire to learn more about our native orchids. This book addresses each of the native orchids found in the area of Southeast Alaska extending from Yakutat and the Yukon border south to Ketchikan and the British Columbia border. For each species, we include a brief description of its distribution, habitat, size, mode of reproduction, and pollination biology. -
Biodiversity Work Group Report: Appendices
Biodiversity Work Group Report: Appendices A: Initial List of Important Sites..................................................................................................... 2 B: An Annotated List of the Mammals of Albemarle County........................................................ 5 C: Birds ......................................................................................................................................... 18 An Annotated List of the Birds of Albemarle County.............................................................. 18 Bird Species Status Tables and Charts...................................................................................... 28 Species of Concern in Albemarle County............................................................................ 28 Trends in Observations of Species of Concern..................................................................... 30 D. Fish of Albemarle County........................................................................................................ 37 E. An Annotated Checklist of the Amphibians of Albemarle County.......................................... 41 F. An Annotated Checklist of the Reptiles of Albemarle County, Virginia................................. 45 G. Invertebrate Lists...................................................................................................................... 51 H. Flora of Albemarle County ...................................................................................................... 69 I. Rare -
November December 2010 Vol 67.3 Victoria Natural
NOVEMBER DECEMBER 2010 VOL 67.3 VICTORIA NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY The Victoria Naturalist Vol. 67.3 (2010) 1 Published six times a year by the SUBMISSIONS VICTORIA NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY, P.O. Box 5220, Station B, Victoria, BC V8R 6N4 Deadline for next issue: December 1, 2010 Contents © 2010 as credited. Send to: Claudia Copley ISSN 0049—612X Printed in Canada 657 Beaver Lake Road, Victoria BC V8Z 5N9 Editors: Claudia Copley, 250-479-6622, Penelope Edwards Phone: 250-479-6622 Desktop Publishing: Frances Hunter, 250-479-1956 e-mail: [email protected] Distribution: Tom Gillespie, Phyllis Henderson, Morwyn Marshall Printing: Fotoprint, 250-382-8218 Guidelines for Submissions Opinions expressed by contributors to The Victoria Naturalist Members are encouraged to submit articles, field trip reports, natural are not necessarily those of the Society. history notes, and book reviews with photographs or illustrations if possible. Photographs of natural history are appreciated along with VICTORIA NATURAL HISTORY SOCIETY documentation of location, species names and a date. Please label your Honorary Life Members Dr. Bill Austin, Mrs. Lyndis Davis, submission with your name, address, and phone number and provide a Mr. Tony Embleton, Mr. Tom Gillespie, Mrs. Peggy Goodwill, title. We request submission of typed, double-spaced copy in an IBM compatible word processing file on diskette, or by e-mail. Photos and Mr. David Stirling, Mr. Bruce Whittington slides, and diskettes submitted will be returned if a stamped, self- Officers: 2009-2010 addressed envelope is included with the material. Digital images are PRESIDENT: Darren Copley, 250-479-6622, [email protected] welcome, but they need to be high resolution: a minimum of 1200 x VICE-PRESIDENT: James Miskelly, 250-477-0490, [email protected] 1550 pixels, or 300 dpi at the size of photos in the magazine. -
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE
Guide to the Flora of the Carolinas, Virginia, and Georgia, Working Draft of 17 March 2004 -- LILIACEAE LILIACEAE de Jussieu 1789 (Lily Family) (also see AGAVACEAE, ALLIACEAE, ALSTROEMERIACEAE, AMARYLLIDACEAE, ASPARAGACEAE, COLCHICACEAE, HEMEROCALLIDACEAE, HOSTACEAE, HYACINTHACEAE, HYPOXIDACEAE, MELANTHIACEAE, NARTHECIACEAE, RUSCACEAE, SMILACACEAE, THEMIDACEAE, TOFIELDIACEAE) As here interpreted narrowly, the Liliaceae constitutes about 11 genera and 550 species, of the Northern Hemisphere. There has been much recent investigation and re-interpretation of evidence regarding the upper-level taxonomy of the Liliales, with strong suggestions that the broad Liliaceae recognized by Cronquist (1981) is artificial and polyphyletic. Cronquist (1993) himself concurs, at least to a degree: "we still await a comprehensive reorganization of the lilies into several families more comparable to other recognized families of angiosperms." Dahlgren & Clifford (1982) and Dahlgren, Clifford, & Yeo (1985) synthesized an early phase in the modern revolution of monocot taxonomy. Since then, additional research, especially molecular (Duvall et al. 1993, Chase et al. 1993, Bogler & Simpson 1995, and many others), has strongly validated the general lines (and many details) of Dahlgren's arrangement. The most recent synthesis (Kubitzki 1998a) is followed as the basis for familial and generic taxonomy of the lilies and their relatives (see summary below). References: Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (1998, 2003); Tamura in Kubitzki (1998a). Our “liliaceous” genera (members of orders placed in the Lilianae) are therefore divided as shown below, largely following Kubitzki (1998a) and some more recent molecular analyses. ALISMATALES TOFIELDIACEAE: Pleea, Tofieldia. LILIALES ALSTROEMERIACEAE: Alstroemeria COLCHICACEAE: Colchicum, Uvularia. LILIACEAE: Clintonia, Erythronium, Lilium, Medeola, Prosartes, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tulipa. MELANTHIACEAE: Amianthium, Anticlea, Chamaelirium, Helonias, Melanthium, Schoenocaulon, Stenanthium, Veratrum, Toxicoscordion, Trillium, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus. -
Native Orchids in Southeast Alaska with an Emphasis on Juneau
Native Orchids in Southeast Alaska with an Emphasis on Juneau Marlin Bowles & Bob Armstrong 2019 Acknowledgements We are grateful to numerous people and agencies who provided essential assistance with this project. Carole Baker, Gilbette Blais, Kathy Hocker, John Hudson, Jenny McBride and Chris Miller helped locate and study many elusive species. Pam Bergeson, Ron Hanko, & Kris Larson for use of their photos. Ellen Carrlee provided access to the Juneau Botanical Club herbarium at the Alaska State Museum. The U.S. Forest Service Forestry Sciences Research Station at Juneau also provided access to its herbarium, and Glacier Bay National Park provided data on plant collections in its herbarium. Merrill Jensen assisted with plant resources at the Jensen-Olson Arboretum. Don Kurz, Jenny McBride, Lisa Wallace, and Mary Willson reviewed and vastly improved earlier versions of this book. About the Authors Marlin Bowles lives in Juneau, AK. He is a retired plant conservation biologist, formerly with the Morton Arboretum, Lisle, IL. He has studied the distribution, ecology and reproductionof grassland orchids. Bob Armstrong has authored and co-authored several books about nature in Alaska. This book and many others are available for free as PDFs at https://www.naturebob.com He has worked in Alaska as a biologist, research supervisor and associate professor since 1960. Table of Contents Page The southeast Alaska archipellago . 1 The orchid plant family . 2 Characteristics of orchids . 3 Floral anatomy . 4 Sources of orchid information . 5 Orchid species groups . 6 Orchid habitats . Fairy Slippers . 9 Eastern - Calypso bulbosa var. americana Western - Calypso bulbosa var. occidentalis Lady’s Slippers . -
Fair Use of This PDF File of Herbaceous
Fair Use of this PDF file of Herbaceous Perennials Production: A Guide from Propagation to Marketing, NRAES-93 By Leonard P. Perry Published by NRAES, July 1998 This PDF file is for viewing only. If a paper copy is needed, we encourage you to purchase a copy as described below. Be aware that practices, recommendations, and economic data may have changed since this book was published. Text can be copied. The book, authors, and NRAES should be acknowledged. Here is a sample acknowledgement: ----From Herbaceous Perennials Production: A Guide from Propagation to Marketing, NRAES- 93, by Leonard P. Perry, and published by NRAES (1998).---- No use of the PDF should diminish the marketability of the printed version. This PDF should not be used to make copies of the book for sale or distribution. If you have questions about fair use of this PDF, contact NRAES. Purchasing the Book You can purchase printed copies on NRAES’ secure web site, www.nraes.org, or by calling (607) 255-7654. Quantity discounts are available. NRAES PO Box 4557 Ithaca, NY 14852-4557 Phone: (607) 255-7654 Fax: (607) 254-8770 Email: [email protected] Web: www.nraes.org More information on NRAES is included at the end of this PDF. Acknowledgments This publication is an update and expansion of the 1987 Cornell Guidelines on Perennial Production. Informa- tion in chapter 3 was adapted from a presentation given in March 1996 by John Bartok, professor emeritus of agricultural engineering at the University of Connecticut, at the Connecticut Perennials Shortcourse, and from articles in the Connecticut Greenhouse Newsletter, a publication put out by the Department of Plant Science at the University of Connecticut. -
On the Fringe Journal of the Native Plant Society of Northeastern Ohio
On The Fringe Journal of the Native Plant Society of Northeastern Ohio ANNUAL DINNER Friday, October 22 2004 At the Cleveland Museum of Natural History Socializing and dinner: 5:30 Lecture by Dr. Kathryn Kennedy at 7:30 “Twenty Years of Recovering America’s Vanishing Flora” This speaker is co-sponsored by the Cleveland Museum of Natural History Explorer Series. Tickets: Dinner and lecture: $20.00. Send checks to Ann Malmquist, 6 Louise Drive., Chagrin Falls, OH 44022; 440-338-6622 Tickets for the lecture only: $8.00, purchased through the Museum TICKETS ARE LIMITED, SO MAKE YOUR RESERVATIONS EARLY Annual Dinner Speaker Mark your calendars now! Come and enjoy hearing Dr. Kathryn Kennedy, President of the Center for about the detective work that goes into finding and Plant Conservation, will speak at the Annual Dinner on identifying rare plants and the exciting experimentation Twenty Years of Recovering America’s Vanishing of reproducing them for posterity. Remember: Flora. Extinction is forever. The CPC was begun because our native plants are declining at an alarming rate. Among them are some of Ohio Botanical Garden the most beautiful and useful species on earth. The On July 12th Jane Rogers and I were privileged to be implications of this trend are stunning. The importance guests of Ohio’s First Lady, Hope Taft, at the of plants to life on Earth is immeasurable. The Governor’s Residence in Columbus. Mrs. Taft, an landscapes we cherish, the food we eat, even the very NPSNEO member, was giving us a guided tour of the air we breathe is connected to plant life. -
The Mock-Oranges
ARNOLDIA A continuation of the BULLETIN OF POPULAR INFORMATION of the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University VOLUME ~Jr JUNE 18, 1965 NUMBER5 THE MOCK-ORANGES are about fifty species and varieties of Philadelphus being grown in THERE-~- the commercial nurseries of the United States, so there is a wealth of ma- terial from which to select ornamental plants. The collection at the Arnold Arboretum contams over one hundred species and varieties. They all have white flowers, their fruits are dried capsules and not very interesting, and the autumn color is not especially outstanding, being yellow or yellowish. In other words, they are chiefly of value during the short period when they are in bloom; but they are all grown easily in almost any normal soil, and are mostly free from injurious insect and disease pests-reason enough why they have proved popular over the years. Some plants in this group have special merit. Philadelphus coronarius, for in- stance, is excellent for planting in dry soil situations. Many of the hybrids have extremely fragrant flowers, and some of the plants, like P. laxus and P. X splen- dens, have branches which face the ground well all around and make fairly good foliage specimens throughout the length of time they retain their leaves. On the other hand, the flowers of many of the species are not fragrant, and some plants, like Philadelphus delavayi and P. X monstrosus reach heights of fifteen feet or more; they are frequently just too tall and vigorous for the small garden. There are better shrubs of this height with mteresting flowers, better autumn color, and fruits in the fall (like some of the viburnums), so, if tall shrubs are desired, it is not the mock-oranges which should have first consideration. -
Principles of Plant Taxonomy, V.*
THE OHIO JOURNAL OF SCIENCE VOL. XXVIII MARCH, 1928 No. 2 PRINCIPLES OF PLANT TAXONOMY, V.* JOHN H. SCHAFFNER, Ohio State University. After studying the taxonomy of plants for twenty-five years the very remarkable fact became evident that there is no general correspondence of the taxonomic system with the environment, but as the great paleontologist, Williams, said in 1895: "environmental conditions are but the medium through which organic evolution has been determinately ploughing its way." Of course, the very fact that there is a system of phylogenetic relationships of classes, orders, families, and genera and that these commonly have no general correspondence to environment shows that, in classifying the plant material, we must discard all notions of teleological, utilitarian, and selective factors as causative agents of evolution. The general progressive movement has been carried on along quite definite lines. The broader and more fundamental changes appeared first and are practically constant, and on top of these, .potentialities or properties of smaller and smaller value have been introduced, until at the end new factors of little general importance alone are evolved. These small potentialities are commonly much less stable than the more fundamental ones and thus great variability in subordinate characters is often present in the highest groups. We must then think of the highest groups as being full of hereditary potentialities while the lower groups have comparatively few. As stated above, there is a profound non-correspondence of the .taxonomic system and the various orthogenetic series with the environment. The system of plants, from the taxonomic point of view, is non-utilitarian. -
The General Status of Alberta Wild Species 2000 | I Preface
Pub No. I/023 ISBN No. 0-7785-1794-2 (Printed Edition) ISBN No. 0-7785-1821-3 (On-line Edition) For copies of this report, contact: Information Centre – Publications Alberta Environment/Alberta Sustainable Resource Development Main Floor, Great West Life Building 9920 - 108 Street Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T5K 2M4 Telephone: (780) 422-2079 OR Information Service Alberta Environment/Alberta Sustainable Resource Development #100, 3115 - 12 Street NE Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2E 7J2 Telephone: (403) 297-3362 OR Visit our website at www.gov.ab.ca/env/fw/status/index.html (available on-line Fall 2001) Front Cover Photo Credits: OSTRICH FERN - Carroll Perkins | NORTHERN LEOPARD FROG - Wayne Lynch | NORTHERN SAW-WHET OWL - Gordon Court | YELLOW LADY’S-SLIPPER - Wayne Lynch | BRONZE COPPER - Carroll Perkins | AMERICAN BISON - Gordon Court | WESTERN PAINTED TURTLE - Gordon Court | NORTHERN PIKE - Wayne Lynch ASPEN | gordon court prefacepreface Alberta has long enjoyed the legacy of abundant wild species. These same species are important environmental indicators. Their populations reflect the health and diversity of the environment. Alberta Sustainable Resource Development The preparation and distribution of this report is has designated as one of its core business designed to achieve four objectives: goals the promotion of fish and wildlife conservation. The status of wild species is 1. To provide information on, and raise one of the performance measures against awareness of, the current status of wild which the department determines the species in Alberta; effectiveness of its policies and service 2. To stimulate broad public input in more delivery. clearly defining the status of individual Central to achieving this goal is the accurate species; determination of the general status of wild 3. -
Listado De Todas Las Plantas Que Tengo Fotografiadas Ordenado Por Familias Según El Sistema APG III (Última Actualización: 2 De Septiembre De 2021)
Listado de todas las plantas que tengo fotografiadas ordenado por familias según el sistema APG III (última actualización: 2 de Septiembre de 2021) GÉNERO Y ESPECIE FAMILIA SUBFAMILIA GÉNERO Y ESPECIE FAMILIA SUBFAMILIA Acanthus hungaricus Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Metarungia longistrobus Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Acanthus mollis Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Odontonema callistachyum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Acanthus spinosus Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Odontonema cuspidatum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Aphelandra flava Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Odontonema tubaeforme Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Aphelandra sinclairiana Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pachystachys lutea Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Aphelandra squarrosa Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pachystachys spicata Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Asystasia gangetica Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Peristrophe speciosa Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Barleria cristata Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Phaulopsis pulchella Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Barleria obtusa Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum carruthersii ‘Rubrum’ Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Barleria repens Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. atropurpureum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Brillantaisia lamium Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum carruthersii var. reticulatum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Brillantaisia owariensis Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Brillantaisia ulugurica Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum ‘Purple Dazzler’ Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Crossandra infundibuliformis Acanthaceae Acanthoideae Ruellia -
SOUTH COAST CONSERVATION PROGRAM Protecting and Restoring at Risk Species and Ecological Communities on BC’S South Coast
British Columbia’s Coast Region Species and Ecological Communities of Conservation Concern SOUTH COAST CONSERVATION PROGRAM Protecting and Restoring at Risk species and Ecological Communities on BC’s South Coast SPECIES PROFILE: Phantom Orchid (Cephalanthera austiniae), Family Orchidaceae “orchids” Status Global: G4 Provincial: S2 SARA: 1-Threatened BC List: Red A member of the family Orchidaceae (“orchids”), phantom or “snow” orchid as it is sometimes referred to is the only species of the genus Cephalanthera found outside of Europe and Asia. A “myco-heterotrophic” species it lacks chlorophyll and is unable to photosynthesize. Phantom orchid obtains nutrients through a three-way partnership with fungi in the family Thelophoraceae and a tree species (presently unidentified). To facilitate this unique and complex relationship, the majority of the plants structure is underground; exact occurrences and distribution can be variable and difficult to predict from year to year as conditions change. As well plants may become dormant for a period of time making definitive distribution and occurrence locations problematic. Phantom Orchid Characteristics Height up to 65 cm. Phantom orchid is a white, non-photosynthetic, (things to look for) rhizomatous perennial. Flowering stems have 5-20 vanilla scented white flowers, each with a yellow gland on the lower lip. The 2-5 bract-like leaves are present along the stem. The stems turn yellowish or brownish as they age. After flowering, dry, seed-bearing capsules may form. Indian pipe (Monotropa uniflora) is a similar looking, white, non- Looks like (Similar) photosynthetic perennial that occurs in the same types of habitats as phantom orchid. The two species can easily be distinguished because phantom orchid has numerous upright flowers on each stem and the flowers bear a yellow gland on the lower petal.