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No Justice for Journalists in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia September 2011
No Justice for Journalists in Ukraine, Belarus and Russia September 2011 ARTICLE 19 Free Word Centre 60 Farringdon Road London EC1R 3GA United Kingdom Tel: +44 20 7324 2500 Fax: +44 20 7490 0566 E-mail: [email protected] www.article19.org International Media Support (IMS) Nørregarde 18, 2nd floor 1165 Copenhagen K Denmark Tel: +45 88 32 7000 Fax: +45 33 12 0099 E-mail: [email protected] www.i-m-s.dk ISBN: 978-1-906586-27-0 © ARTICLE 19 and International Media Support (IMS), London and Copenhagen, August 2011 This work is provided under the Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-ShareAlike 2.5 licence. You are free to copy, distribute and display this work and to make derivative works, provided you: 1) give credit to ARTICLE 19 and International Media Support (IMS); 2) do not use this work for commercial purposes; 3) distribute any works derived from this publication under a licence identical to this one. To access the full legal text of this licence, please visit: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.5/ legalcode. ARTICLE 19 and International Media Support (IMS) would appreciate receiving a copy of any materials in which information from this report is used. This report was written and published within the framework of a project supported by the International Media Support (IMS) Media and Democracy Programme for Central and Eastern Europe and the Caucasus. It was compiled and written by Nathalie Losekoot, Senior Programme Officer for Europe at ARTICLE 19 and reviewed by JUDr. Barbora Bukovskà, Senior Director for Law at ARTICLE 19 and Jane Møller Larsen, Programme Coordinator for the Media and Democracy Unit at International Media Support (IMS). -
ZRBG – Ghetto-Liste (Stand: 01.08.2014) Sofern Eine Beschäftigung I
ZRBG – Ghetto-Liste (Stand: 01.08.2014) Sofern eine Beschäftigung i. S. d. ZRBG schon vor dem angegebenen Eröffnungszeitpunkt glaubhaft gemacht ist, kann für die folgenden Gebiete auf den Beginn der Ghettoisierung nach Verordnungslage abgestellt werden: - Generalgouvernement (ohne Galizien): 01.01.1940 - Galizien: 06.09.1941 - Bialystok: 02.08.1941 - Reichskommissariat Ostland (Weißrussland/Weißruthenien): 02.08.1941 - Reichskommissariat Ukraine (Wolhynien/Shitomir): 05.09.1941 Eine Vorlage an die Untergruppe ZRBG ist in diesen Fällen nicht erforderlich. Datum der Nr. Ort: Gebiet: Eröffnung: Liquidierung: Deportationen: Bemerkungen: Quelle: Ergänzung Abaujszanto, 5613 Ungarn, Encyclopedia of Jewish Life, Braham: Abaújszántó [Hun] 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Kassa, Auschwitz 27.04.2010 (5010) Operationszone I Enciklopédiája (Szántó) Reichskommissariat Aboltsy [Bel] Ostland (1941-1944), (Oboltsy [Rus], 5614 Generalbezirk 14.08.1941 04.06.1942 Encyclopedia of Jewish Life, 2001 24.03.2009 Oboltzi [Yid], Weißruthenien, heute Obolce [Pol]) Gebiet Vitebsk Abony [Hun] (Abon, Ungarn, 5443 Nagyabony, 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Encyclopedia of Jewish Life 2001 11.11.2009 Operationszone IV Szolnokabony) Ungarn, Szeged, 3500 Ada 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Braham: Enciklopédiája 09.11.2009 Operationszone IV Auschwitz Generalgouvernement, 3501 Adamow Distrikt Lublin (1939- 01.01.1940 20.12.1942 Kossoy, Encyclopedia of Jewish Life 09.11.2009 1944) Reichskommissariat Aizpute 3502 Ostland (1941-1944), 02.08.1941 27.10.1941 USHMM 02.2008 09.11.2009 (Hosenpoth) Generalbezirk -
Yurchenko EO Non-Poroid Aphyllophoraceous Fungi Proposed
&RQWHQWV ♦ Þûñòýóíúõò BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB ¢¡ 6\VWHPDWLF *HRJUDSK\ Belomesyatseva D.B. The fungi in the consortium of common juniper in Belarus...............................................................................4 £¥¤§¦©¨© ! #" $%'& ((*),+.-/$102(*3 456#798'5#:; <,=?>#@A.B C D1E2F*GIH G,J'E K#L9M/F,E2N O9P/Q.R/SIT UWVYX[Z]\ ^ _`bac adcfehg ikj9`#lnm*g#o/pnob`*qrlnsutvwvyx#`v]z*suob{!z2v}|wz*pno~`*q cucumber: a mycological aspect]....................................................17 Yurchenko E.O. Non-poroid aphyllophoraceous fungi proposed to the third edition of the Red Data Book of Belarus......................31 )ORULVWL 1RWHV Yurchenko E.O., Vynaev G.V. A rare polypore Grifola frondosa in Minsk City ...................................................................69 1HZV /#,././,#1 * ,!, 14- u*,2 #99 [The 14th Congress of European Mycologists]...................................75 Non-poroid aphyllophoraceous fungi proposed to the third edition of the Red Data Book of Belarus © E.O. Yurchenko Laboratory of Mycology, V.F. Kuprevich Institute of Experimental Botany, Akademichnaya str. 27, BY-220072, Minsk, Belarus e-mail: [email protected] ¢¡¤£¦¥ §¨£©£¦ £¦£ £¦¥ ¨ ¦£© "!£¦£# %$ &('¨)+* ,'.-'./ 021#3¦-451'.-'./ 021#3¦-43¦6 78/5'./ )3¦* , 0 9#:¦;9¦<:=:9¦>@?¦=BACD:¦>EAF¨G The history of state protection of organic world in Belarus includes two editions of the National Red Data Book. The first edition (Red Data Book..., 1981) lacked fungal organisms, the second, last edition includes 17 species of fungi, among they three non-poroid aphyllophoraceous ones (Golovko, Serzhanina, 1993). They were arranged in accordance with former IUCN conservation categories used in Soviet literature (Red Data Book…, 1984: 7–8; Dorofeev et al., 1993): Clavariadelphus pis- tillaris in III category (rare), and two species in II category (declining) — Hericium coralloides under the name H. -
Assessment of the Agriculture and Rural Development Sectors in the Eastern Partnership Countries
The European Union’s Neighbourhood Programme Assessment of the Agriculture and Rural Development Sectors in the Eastern Partnership countries Republic of Belarus Funded by the European Union Implemented by FAO FAO Regional Office for Europe and Central Asia (REU) Benczur utca 34. H-1068 Budapest Hungary Tel: +36 1 4612000 Fax: +36 1 3517029 E-mail: [email protected] FAO Project No. GCP/RER/041/EC EU Project No. ENPI 2012/298-262 Start date: 16th July, 2012 End date: 31st December, 2012 This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union. The contents of this publication are the sole responsibility of the FAO and can in no way be taken to reflect the views of the European Union. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. List of abbreviations ARD Agricultural and Rural development BERAS Baltic Ecological Recycling Agriculture and Society BSU Belarusian State University BYR Belarusian Ruble (National currency of Belarus) CAP Common Agricultural -
The Eurasian Customs Union and the Economic Geography of Belarus: a Panel Convergence Approach Mehmet Güney Celbis, Pui‐Hang Wong and Tatjana Guznajeva
Working Paper Series #2018-029 The Eurasian customs union and the economic geography of Belarus: A panel convergence approach Mehmet Güney Celbis, Pui‐Hang Wong and Tatjana Guznajeva Maastricht Economic and social Research institute on Innovation and Technology (UNU‐MERIT) email: [email protected] | website: http://www.merit.unu.edu Maastricht Graduate School of Governance (MGSoG) email: info‐[email protected] | website: http://www.maastrichtuniversity.nl/governance Boschstraat 24, 6211 AX Maastricht, The Netherlands Tel: (31) (43) 388 44 00 UNU-MERIT Working Papers ISSN 1871-9872 Maastricht Economic and social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology UNU-MERIT Maastricht Graduate School of Governance MGSoG UNU-MERIT Working Papers intend to disseminate preliminary results of research carried out at UNU-MERIT and MGSoG to stimulate discussion on the issues raised. The Eurasian Customs Union and the Economic Geography of Belarus: A panel convergence approach∗ Mehmet G¨uneyCelbisy Pui-Hang Wong,z Tatjana Guznajevax Version dated July 3, 2018 Abstract This study presents novel research on the economic geography of Belarus. The 118 regions of Belarus are examined in relation to the Eurasian Customs Union (EACU) through the period 2005-2014. Spatial clusters and outliers are identified and compared across the periods prior and after the establishment of the EACU. We observe that EACU membership corresponds to a slowdown in the process of regional economic convergence in Belarus, and intensified economic competition with a geographical dimension among regions. We also observe that urban regions have benefited more from the EACU than less urbanised areas. Key words: Eurasian Customs Union, Belarus, convergence, spatial analysis, economic inte- gration. -
The Geopolitical Place of Belarus in Europe and the World
The Geopolitical Place of Belarus in Europe and the World Edited by Valer Bulhakau The Geopolitical Place of Belarus in Europe and the World Edited by Valer Bulhakau Warsaw 2006 Komitet Redakcyjny: Andrzej Sulima-Kamiński, Valer Bulhakau, Maria Furman, Eulalia Łazarska, Alena Kazlova, Anna Juras, Siobhan Doucette © Copyright by Wyższa Szkoła Handlu i Prawa im. Ryszarda Łazarskiego w Warszawie, Instytut Przestrzeni Obywatelskiej i Polityki Społecznej, Warszawa 2006 Projekt jest współfinansowany w ramach programu pomocy zagranicznej Ministerstwa Spraw Zagranicznych RP w 2006 r. Oficyna Wydawnicza Wyższej Szkoły Handlu i Prawa im. Ryszarda Łazarskiego 02-662 Warszawa ul. Świeradowska 43 tel. 022 54-35-450 e-mail: [email protected] www.lazarski.edu.pl ISBN 978-83-60694-03-9 Materiały z konferencji w dniach 11-12 listopada 2006 r. Nakład 300 egz. Opracowanie komputerowe, druk i oprawa: Dom Wydawniczy ELIPSA, ul. Inflancka 15/198, 00-189 Warszawa tel./fax 022 635 03 01, 022 635 17 85, e-mail: [email protected], www.elipsa.pl TABLE OF CONTENTS Andrzej Sulima-Kamiński – Introduction................................................ 7 I. Belarus as a Geopolitical Pariah Ethan S. Burger – The Divergence between Declaratory and Action Policy: U.S. Non-Recognition of the Results of the Belarusian March 2006 Presidential Election ........................ 21 Mykoła Ryabchuk – Is the West Serious about the ‘Last European Dictatorship’? ........................................................................ 43 Vital Silicki – Belarus: Anatomy of Preemptive Authoritarianism . 59 Andrew Wilson – Belarus Between ‘Colored Revolution’ and ‘Counter-Revolutionary Technology’ .................................................... 91 Vital Silicki, Ethan S. Burger, Alaksandr Lahviniec, Mykoła Ryabchuk, Stephen L. White, Andrew Wilson, Rafał Sadowski, Karen Akopaŭ, Alastair Rabagliaati, Paveł Usaŭ, Grigory Ioffe and Andrej Dyńko – Statements .................................................................. -
ENGLISH Burngullow Jc Looe Plymouth Alderney South Devon Kingswear Railway St
KEY to ATLAS LINE TYPES Multiple track main line with inter-city services . HSL denotes a purpose-built High Speed Line. Single track main line with inter-city services . Multiple track secondary line . Single track secondary line. Multiple track freight line. Single track freight line. Line out of use (OOU). The above lines are built to the normal gauge for the country concerned. Ireland uses 1600 mm gauge; Spain and Portugal use the Iberian 1668 mm broad gauge. Finland, Russia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova use the Russian 1520 mm broad gauge; (Finland 1524 mm). All other countries use the European 1435 mm standard gauge. Localised variations and gauge change over points are noted on the maps. Multiple track narrow gauge lines. The gauge is stated on the maps. Single track narrow gauge line. Narrow gauge lines out of use (OOU). LINE COLOURS Black = Non-electrified. Red = 25kV a/c electrification. Blue = 15kV a/c electrification. Brown = 3000V d/c electrification. Green = 1500V d/c electrification. Orange = Electrification at less than 1500V d/c. The voltage stated on the maps. Lavender = 750V d/c third-rail electrification. Grey = Proposed lines; electrification system noted beside it where relevant. Pink = Heritage railways. The steam engine symbol denotes steam traction on some trains. The few electrified heritage railways have a note as to their electrification system. All unusual electrification systems are noted on the maps and shown in the nearest suitable colour. UE (in the relevant colour) denotes a line undergoing electrification work. LOCATIONS & SYMBOLS Passenger station - Heritage line station - Proposed station - Border customs station. -
Belarus in Maps.Indd
APPENDIX 1 List of selected geographical names Belarusian Belarusian Russian Belarusian Russian (official Latin, (British Standard, 1979) (GOST) (Cyrillic) (Cyrillic) 2007, 2013) Asipovičy Asipovichy Osipovichi Асiповiчы Осиповичи Ašmiany Ashmyany Oshmyany Ашмяны Ошмяны Astraviec Astravyets Ostrovets Астравец Островец Asvieja Asveya Osveya Асвея Освея Babrujsk Babruysk Bobruisk Бабрyйск Бобрyйск Baranavičy Baranavichy Baranovichi Барaнавічы Барaновичи Barysaŭ Barysaw Borisov Барысаў Борисов Biarezina Byarezina Berezina Бярэзіна Березина Biaroza Byaroza Beryoza Бяроза Берёза Bierazino Byerazino Berezino Беразіно Березино Bielaviežskaja Pušča Byelavyezhskaya Pushcha Belovezhskaya Pushcha Белавежская пушча Беловежская пуща Brahin Brahin Bragin Брагін Брагин Braslaŭskija aziory Braslawskiya azyory Braslavskiye ozyora Браслаўскія азёры Браславские озёра Buda-Kašaliova Buda-Kashalyova Buda-Koshelyovo Буда-Кашалёва Буда-Кошелёво Čačersk Chachersk Chechersk Чачэрск Чечерск Čavusy Chavusy Chausy Чавусы Чаусы Čerykaŭ Cherykaw Cherikov Чэрыкаў Чериков Červień Chervyen’ Cherven’ Чэрвень Червень Chojniki Khoiniki Khoiniki Хойнікі Хойники Čyhiryn Chyhiryn Chigirin Чыгирын Чигирин Dobruš Dobrush Dobrush Добруш Добруш Drahičyn Drohichyn Drogichin Драгічын Дрогичин Dubroŭna Dubrowna Dubrovno Дуброўна Дубровно Dziaržynsk Dzyarzhynsk Dzerzhinsk Дзяржынск Дзержинск Hancavičy Hantsavichy Gantsevichi Ганцавічы Ганцевичи Hlusk Hlusk Glusk Глуск Глуск Hlybokae Hlybokaye Glubokoye Глыбокае Глубокое Homieĺ Homyel’ Gomel Гомель Гомель Horki Horki Gorki Горкі Горки -
Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Russia (Incl
Luftwaffe Airfields 1935-45 Russia (incl. Ukraine, Belarus & Bessarabia) By Henry L. deZeng IV Kharkov-Rogan I Photo credit: U.S. National Archives, Photographic and Cartographic Division.; taken 14 Sept. 1941. Kharkov-Rogan I was built in 1930 for use as a military flight school. It had 8 medium and large aircraft hangars and 1 very large repair hangar, approx. 40 permanent barrack buildings, 3 workshops, admin buildings and storage structures, an oval athletic track and other facilities all grouped along the W boundary and SW corner of the landing area. There were about 10 additional structures along the S boundary that may have been for aircraft servicing and stores. Additionally, there were 22 blast bays for twin-engine and single-engine aircraft spaced along the W and S boundaries of the landing area. A separate supply dump with its own rail spur was approx. 1 km S of the airfield. Nearly all of these buildings had been destroyed or badly damaged by 1944, the majority of them blown up by the retreating Germans. Edition: February 2020 Airfields Russia (incl. Ukraine, Belarus & Bessarabia) Introduction Conventions 1. For the purpose of this reference work, “Russia” generally means the territory belonging to the country in September 1939, the month of the German attack on Poland and the generally accepted beginning of World War II, including that part of eastern Poland (i.e., Belarus, Belorussia, Weissruthenien) and western Ukraine annexed by the Soviet Union on 29 September 1939 following the USSR’s invasion of Poland on 17 September 1939. Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina were seized by the USSR between 26 June and 3 July 1940. -
The Republic of Belarus
9 7 8 9 8 5 7 1 3 6 9 0 2 The Republic of Belarus and the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages Рэспубліка Беларусь і Еўрапейская хартыя рэгіянальных моў або моў меншасцяў Республика Беларусь и Европейская хартия региональных языков или языков меньшинств Conclusions of the Council of Europe/European Union project “Promoting the standards of the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in Bela- rus” 2016−2017 Высновы праекта Савета Еўропы / Еўрапейскага Саюза «Садзейнічанне стан- дартам Еўрапейскай хартыі рэгіянальных моў або моў меншасцяў у Беларусі» 2016−2017 Заключения проекта Совета Европы / Европейского союза «Содействие стан- дартам Европейской хартии региональных языков или языков меньшинств в Беларуси» 2016−2017 гг. Минск «Медисонт» 2019 3 Contents | Змест | Содержание FOREWORDS УСТУПНАЕ СЛОВА ВСТУПИТЕЛЬНОЕ СЛОВО I. The history of the traditional national minorities in the Republic of Belarus 15 Гісторыя традыцыйных нацыянальных меншасцяў у Рэспубліцы Беларусь История традиционных национальных меньшинств в Республике Беларусь Die Geschichte der traditionellen nationalen Minderheiten in der Republik Belarus Rudolf Mark Рудольф Марк Рудольф Марк Jews 17 Габрэі 21 Евреи 25 29 יוראַ Juden 32 Latvians 40 Латышы 43 Латыши 46 Latvieši 49 Letten 52 Lithuanians 56 Літоўцы 59 Литовцы 62 Lietuviai 66 Litauer 69 Germans 76 Немцы 80 Немцы 84 Deutsche 88 Poles 94 Палякі 98 Поляки 102 Polacy 106 Polen 110 Roma 118 Рома 120 Рома 122 Рома 125 Roma 127 Ukrainians 130 4 5 Украінцы 132 Deutsch 216 Украинцы 134 Polish 220 Українці 136 Польская мова 221 Ukrainer 139 Польский язык 222 Tatars 144 Język polski 223 Татары 147 Romani 226 Татары 150 Цыганская (ромская мова) 226 Татар 153 Цыганский (ромский язык) 227 Tataren 156 Цыганский язык (романы чхиб) 228 Estonians 160 Ukrainian 230 Эстонцы 162 Украінская мова 230 Эстонцы 164 Украинский язык 231 Eestlased 167 Українськая мова 233 Esten 169 Tatar 236 II. -
Ghetto-Liste Stand 10.12.2015
ZRBG – Ghetto-Liste (Stand: 10.12.2015) Datum der Nr. Ort: Gebiet: Eröffnung: Liquidierung: Deportationen: Bemerkungen: Quelle: Ergänzung Abaujszanto, 5613 Ungarn, Encyclopedia of Jewish Life, Abaújszántó [Hun] 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Kassa, Auschwitz 27.04.2010 (5010) Operationszone I Braham: Enciklopédiája (Szántó) Reichskommissariat Aboltsy [Bel] Ostland (1941-1944), (Oboltsy [Rus], 5614 Generalbezirk 14.08.1941 04.06.1942 Encyclopedia of Jewish Life, 2001 24.03.2009 Oboltzi [Yid], Obolce Weißruthenien, heute [Pol]) Gebiet Vitebsk Abony [Hun] (Abon, Ungarn, 5443 Nagyabony, 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Encyclopedia of Jewish Life 2001 11.11.2009 Operationszone IV Szolnokabony) Ungarn, Szeged, 3500 Ada 16.04.1944 13.07.1944 Braham: Enciklopédiája 09.11.2009 Operationszone IV Auschwitz Generalgouvernement, Kossoy, Encyclopedia of Jewish 3501 Adamow Distrikt Lublin (1939- 01.01.1940 20.12.1942 09.11.2009 Life 1944) Reichskommissariat 3502 Aizpute (Hosenpoth) Ostland (1941-1944), 02.08.1941 27.10.1941 USHMM 02.2008 09.11.2009 Generalbezirk Lettland Akhmechetka 2128 (Acmicecta, Transnistrien 30.08.1941 18.03.1944 USHMM02.2008 01.11.2011 Akmichetka) Reichskommissariat 3503 Akhtyrka Ukraine (1941-1944), 19.10.1941 31.12.1941 USHMM 02.2008 09.11.2009 heute Gebiet Sumy Reichskommissariat 3504 Akmene (Akmian) Ostland (1941-1944), 15.07.1941 09.08.1941 USHMM 02.2008 09.11.2009 Generalbezirk Litauen Rumänien, Alba-Iulia (Karlsburg, Encyclopedia of Jewish Life, 7374 Südliches ./. ./. Kein Hinweis auf ein Ghetto i.S.d. ZRBG 15.12.2014 Gyulafehervar) 2001, -
ESJF Report on Belarus Cemeteries
Belarus Jewish Cemeteries Survey and Research Project REPORT Prepared by the ESJF European Jewish Cemeteries Initiative Minsk 2017 Managing Editor: Philip Carmel Project Director: Yana Yanover Historical Research Director: Kateryna Malakhova, PhD Scientific Consultant: Alexey Yeryomenko Rabbinical Consultant: Rabbi Mordechai Reichinshtein Graphic Design: Yekaterina Kluchnik Copy Editor: Michele Goldsmith Office manager: Nataliya Videneyeva Survey Coordination: Ihor Travianko, Victoriya Dosuzheva, Alexander Konyukhov Data Coordination: Vladimir Girenkov, Stanislav Korolkov, Yaroslav Yaroslavskiy Surveyors: Alexey Yerokhin, Polina Hivrenko, Shimon Glazsheyn, Yitshak Reichinshtein, Ruslana Konyukhova Historical Research: Alexandra Fishel, Alena Andronatiy, Yan Galevsky, Yakov Yakovenko, Petr Yakovenko, Sabina Enenberg, Nadezhda Tolok, Oleksandr Khodakivsky, Kirill Danilchenko, Olha Lidovskaya, Vladimir Girenkov, Nadezhda Ufimtseva Translation: Marina Shteyman, Julia Zagorovsky We express our deep gratitude for all their assistance and advice to the following: Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Belarus Embassy of the United States of America to the Republic of Belarus Union of Religious Jewish Congregations of Belarus and to the Jewish communities of Brest, Homel, Hrodna, Mahilyow, Minsk and Vicebsk. This report was also greatly facilitated by the very generous cooperation of mayors and regional and local government authorities throughout the Republic of Belarus. CONTENTS ESJF European Jewish Cemeteries Initiative 4 Historical Jewish