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Elustiku Uuringud Tallinnas Koondaruanne Elustiku uuringud Tallinnas Koondaruanne Deliverable 2.20.1 2017 1 Elustiku uuringud Tallinnas. Koondaruanne. Deliverable 2.4.1. Main authoring team: Meelis Uustal (SEI Tallinn), Piret Kuldna (SEI Tallinn) ISBN: 978-9949-9107-2-4 ISSN: 1406-6637 This deliverable has been written in the frame of the NATTOURS project, which aims to improve public recognition of natural tourist attractions in Helsinki and Tallinn and to develop joint tourist attractions and products for sustainable nature tourism between the two cities. NATTOURS project is a joint cooperation venture of Tallinn Environment Department, Estonia; City of Helsinki, Finland; Stockholm Environment Institute Tallinn Centre. NATTOURS project is financed by Interreg Central Baltic Programme and co-financed by Estonian Environmental Investment Centre. 2 SISUKORD SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 1. Sissejuhatus ........................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Ülevaade kiililiste inventuurist .............................................................................................................. 7 2.1. Kiilid Eestis ja Tallinnas.................................................................................................................. 7 2.2. Kiilide inventuur Paljassaare hoiualal ........................................................................................... 9 3. Ülevaade kimalaste inventuurist ........................................................................................................ 10 3.1. Kimalased Eestis ja Tallinnas ....................................................................................................... 10 3.2. Kimalaste inventuur Rocca al Mares ........................................................................................... 11 4. Ülevaade päevaliblikate inventuurist ................................................................................................. 13 4.1. Päevaliblikad Eestis ja Tallinnas .................................................................................................. 13 4.2. Päevaliblikate inventuur Rocca al Mares .................................................................................... 13 5. Ülevaade haudelindude inventuurist .................................................................................................. 16 5.1. Haudelinnud Eestis ja Tallinnas ................................................................................................... 16 5.2. Haudelindude inventuur Rocca al Mares .................................................................................... 17 6. Ülevaade nahkhiirte inventuurist ....................................................................................................... 18 6.1. Nahkhiired Eestis ja Tallinnas ...................................................................................................... 18 6.2. Nahkhiirte inventuur Rocca al Mares ja Paljassaares ................................................................. 19 7. Ülevaade soontaimede inventuurist ................................................................................................... 20 7.1. Soontaimed Eestis ja Tallinnas .................................................................................................... 20 7.2. Soontaimede inventuur Rocca al Mares ja Kadrioru pargis ........................................................ 20 8. Kasutatud allikad ................................................................................................................................. 22 9. Lisad .................................................................................................................................................... 23 3 SUMMARY In 2016 several biodiversity studies were carried out in Tallinn within the Interreg Central Baltic Programme project "NATTOURS – sustainable nature trails in cities, using new IT-solutions". Biodiversity studies were carried out in three selected focus areas to fill in the knowledge gaps of relevant groups of wildlife, depending on the data deficiencies in different sites. Since the aim of the project is raising awareness of the possibilities of nature tourism among both local residents and tourists, the new data is being used to introduce urban wildlife inhabiting the nature areas on websites, information boards, dissemination seminars etc. Biodiversity studies carried out in the focus areas of the project are as follows: Paljassaare Rocca al Mare Kadrioru Park Dragonflies X Breeding birds X Bumblebees and butterflies X Bats X X Vascular plants X X Dragonflies 14 species of dragonflies were observed in Paljassaare bird conservation area, which raises the total number to 16. This is a decent result for any wetland area in Estonia and quite a good result for an urban setting. 16 species corresponds to 42% of dragonfly species in Tallinn. Neither Habitats Directive nor nationally protected species were found. Most abundant species were migrant hawker (Aeshna mixta) and three Sympetrum species (S. danae, S. striolatum, S. vulgatum): black darter, common darter, vagrant darter. These species prefer shallow vegetated ponds and there are plenty of these in the Paljassaare wetlands. Bumblebees More than half of Estonian bumblebee species were recorded in Rocca al Mare. Among the 14 bumblebee and 3 cuckoo bumblebee species there were two species that were discovered first time in Tallinn. Bombus semenoviellus is a recently rare species that is expanding its area westward and is becoming more widespread. Short-haired bumblebee (B. subterraneus) is a rare long-tongued species that is irreplacable as a pollinator of deep flowers, such as field beans. Common species were common carder bee (B. pascuorum), red-tailed bumblebee (B. lapidarius) and white-tailed bumblebee (B. lucorum). Bumblebees benefit from brownfield history of the site that offers them nesting places underground and diverse nectar-rich flowers of the wastelands. Butterflies 4 29 species of butterflies were recorded in Rocca al Mare area which corresponds to about half of butterfly species recorded in Tallinn during the past decade. Although no rarities were detected, the site is among the butterfly richest areas in Tallinn. Most common species were the peacock (Inachis io), green-veined white (Pieris napi) and the essex skipper (Thymelicus lineola). There were more species in brownfield areas with more nectar rich plants and shelter from the wind. Breeding birds Rocca al Mare area has a reputation for being the bottleneck of bird migration that is passing through Tallinn. Now for the first time breeding birds were surveyed in the reedbeds and forests of this narrow green area. 48 species and 176 pairs were recorded, incuding protected species like corn crake (Crex crex), water rail (Rallus aquaticus) and shelduck (Tadorna tadorna). Most common breeding birds were the sedge warbler (Acrocephalus schoenobaenus), scarlet rosefinch (Carpodacus erythrinus) and great tit (Parus major). Bats Bat survey was conducted in two green areas on the same potential migration route – Paljassaare bird conservation area and Rocca al Mare. 9 of 10 species of bats in Tallinn were recorded and new data on the distribution of rarities – common pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pipistrellus) and soprano pipistrelle (Pipistrellus pygmaeus). Paljassaare was not particularly magnetic to bats, probably owing to more windy conditions and being distant from large green areas. Rocca al Mare, on the other hand, was much more significant feeding site for bats during July to September, due to good connectedness to other green areas. By far the most common bat species was the northern bat (Eptesicus nilssonii), followed by Nathusius’s pipistrelle (Pipistrellus nathusius) and daubenton’s bat (Myotis daubentonii). Vascular plants Vascular plant inventories were carried out in Kadriorg Park and Rocca al Mare. 200 and 195 species were recorded respectively, including a few rare species, like Poa alpina and Armeria maritima. Cluster analysis was used in order to distinguish the plant communities in the two areas. In Kadriorg park, three priority habitat types were described that belong to the Habitats Directive annex 1, including rare alvar biotopes. Survey plots with plant species richness (25 species) were also discovered here. In Rocca al Mare, three coastal habitat types under the Habitats Directive where described. 5 1. Sissejuhatus Interregi Kesk-Läänemere programmi ja Keskkonnainvesteeringute Keskuse toel viidi projektis „NATTOURS – jätkusuutlikud loodusrajad linnades, kasutades uusi IT-lahendusi“ läbi mitmed elustiku uuringud. Uuringute eesmärk oli parandada teadmisi elustikurühmade kohta projekti kolmel fookusalal Tallinnas ning kasutada saadud andmeid loodusteadlikkuse tõstmisel ning erinevate infomaterjalide koostamisel ja info jagamisel. 2016. aastal viidi läbi järgmised elustiku uuringud: Paljassaare Rocca al Mare Kadrioru Park Kiililised X Kimalased ja päevaliblikad X Haudelinnud X Nahkhiired X X Soontaimed X X Käesolevas aruandes antakse esmalt ülevaated kuuest uuritud liigirühmast Eestis ja Tallinnas lähtudes varasematest koondülevaadetest. Seejärel kirjeldatakse uuringute käigus saadud tulemusi ja nende tähtsust Tallinna kontekstis. Kuue uuringu aruanded on lisatud käesolevale aruandele. 6 2. Ülevaade kiililiste
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