1944 _-CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-.HOUSE 7725 Bertha Clinton Cragar, Grannis. 3. Department of the Treasury. Charles E. Watson, Greenway. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 4. Post Office Department. Monroe K . Churchill, Hector. 5. Federal Security Agency. Clarence U. Price, London. WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 13, 1944 Samuel E. Adkisson, Mount Vernon. 6. Interstate Commerce Commission. Bland F. Bryant, Success. The House met at 12 o'clock noon, 7. National Archives. Charles A. Affholter, Vandervoort, and waS' called to order by the Speaker. 8. Office of Price Administration. FLORmA The Chaplain, Rev. James Shera Mont­ 9. Railroad Retirement Board. Rex 0. Simmons, Bascom. gomery, D. D., offered the following 10. War Food Administration. Alice W. Martin, Bay Pines. prayer: PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Percival L. Buzbee, Gibsonton. Irene E. CUlbreth, Jennings. We bless Thee, merc'iful God, for all Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Janet E. Barr, Limona. our days, laden with spiritual benedic­ unanimous consent that I may address Robert G. Wood, Jr., Lithia, tions and influences. Let the fretful and the House today, after other special or­ Varena M. Cox, Montverde. questioning heart say with the Psalmist: ders, for 15 minutes. Frances Graham, Naranja. "Return unto thy rest, 0 my soul, for The SPEAKER. Is there objection to _ Bert Emberton, Port Tampa. the Lord hath dealt bountifully with the request of the gentleman from New Marvin A. Thomason, Produce. thee. I will pay my vows unto Him in York? ILLINOIS the presence of all the people and will There was no objection. Carter H. Pietsch, Bloomington. walk before the Lord in the land of the TO AMEND THE NATIONALITY ACT OF 1940 Veneta L. Moss, Dakota. living." In Thy blessings enable us Harley R. Foster, Deer Creek. Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Ivory Bunch, McClure. to profit in knowledge, strength, and unanimous consent to take from the Bertha M. Esh, Spring Grove. courage. Speaker's table the bill . of deep inner conviction. nessee? and our way of life, the luster of his He has an extraordinary faculty for saying There was no objection. name and fame will shine through the exactly what he means to say. It may be ages. because his own ego never gets in the way . CROP INSURANCE of his true objective. He speaks precisely, [From t.ae Gadsden ·Times of September 11, crisply, yet without any military rhodomon­ Mr. PACE: Mr. Speaker, I ask unani­ 1944) "tade. Disciplined always, his deep humanity mous consent to address the House for 1 GEORGE MARSHALL, CHIEF OF STAFF rarely shows on the surface. minute. Eisenhower, Patton, and MacArthur, the On the score of his contribution to the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to field commanders, are getting the attention organization of America's fighting strength, the request of the gentleman from these days. But George Marshall, who se­ there's no need to wait for history. World Georgia? lected these officers to do their jobs and who War No. 1 proved h!m a master of logistics, planned the stategy, sits modestly in Wash­ which is the military term for getting the There was no objection. ington seeing that his plans do not go astray. men and the stuff there in the quickest pos­ Mr. PACE. Mr. Speaker, the distin­ Ask a schoolboy about Patton, MacArthur, sible time. guished gentleman from Massachusetts, or Eisenhower and he 'Can tell you right off As assistant chief of operations to the the majority leader [Mr. McCoRMAcK], a good bit about them. Ask about General United States First Army in the fall of 1918, has pointed out that following the gen­ Marshall and he is likely to hesitate. Maybe he had a try-out for the job he was to be the name is vaguely familiar. He has seen his called on to do 25 years later. His orders eral election it is the intention to bring picture somewhere. But he doesn't know then were to transfer 600,000 troops, with all up for consideration the road bill. much about General Marshall, because Mar­ their supplies, from St. Mihiel to the Meuse­ There is a measure which has been voted shall's name is not associated with the flow Argonne sector entirely by night and in com­ out and which has been on the calendar. of battle. plete secrecy. This meant, among other A rule has been granted on it. It has Those in Washington who know say that items, 40,000 tons of ammunition, 84 evac­ been endorsed by both of the great politi­ General Marshall is chiefly responsible for our uation hospitals, 8,980 guns. cal parties. That is a measure concern­ grand strategy. Roosevelt and Church111 dis­ "It seldom happens in war that plans can cuss grand strategy and have the final say-so. be so precisely carried out as was possible in ing crop insurance. I am anxious to But they listen first to George Marshall. this instance," General Pershing said in his learn whether or not it is the intention More than any other roan he has directed the memoirs of the roan who for 5 years after the of the leadership to let the crop-insur­ American war effort on the field of battle. first war served as his aide de camp. "The ance bill come along immediately follow­ General Marshall, a graduate of the famous details of the movements of troops connected ing the road bill? Virginia Military Institute, personally selected with this concentration were worked out un­ Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, in Eisenhower, Patton, Bradley, and Clark for der the able direction of Col. George C. Mar­ answer to the gentleman's questfon, and their specific jobs. He helped train them. shall." He forgot West Point priorities and the old What he did then was small in comparison in light of the fact that the rule has been army seniority game and selected capable men to the job this time. He took an army granted on the bill, as I am informed by for promotion to the important field com­ equipped ·with stove pipes, built it into a the gentleman from Georgia, may I say mands. superb striking force, and deployed it around that the bill will come up after election. Marshall was quick to see the need for in­ the world. ,It is an important bill. I make a defi­ creased air power. He was quick to adopt In the 28 days after D-day, a million men nite statement and promise that the bill new battle technique. He has from the first were moved across the ChanneL The great will come up after election for the con­ fought the war with all modern devices at majority of them had never been in combat his command and not forgetting the wisdom before, and yet thanks to their thorough sideration of the House. of the military ages. · training and their native stamina, they were GEN. GEORGE C. MARSHALL We should know more about this modest able to drive back the wehrmacht in an its Mr. STARNES of Alabama. Mr. Chief of Staff, for he is worth knowing better pride and glory. Supplying the American and is worthy of much more admiration than Armies as they raced across France is an ' Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to ad­ the public has heaped upon him. achievement that will be analyzed in text­ dress the House for 1 minute and to re­ books for many years to come. viSe and extend my remarks and include [From the Washington Post of September 11, And yet, in spite of the concentration on therewith an editorial and a newspaper 1944] great masses of men· and incredible stores of article. VVASHINGTON CALLING supplies, General Marshall has never lost The SPEAKER. Is there objection to (By Marquis Childs) sight of the individual man. From mem­ bers of his staff you hear instance after in­ the request of the gentleman from Ala­ GEN. GEORGE C. MARSHALL stance of his consideration for the men serv­ bama? To find in the hour of supreme need that ing under him. That consideration extends There was no objection. we had a soldier of the greatness of Gen. down to the lowliest private. · This roan at ,7730 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE SEPTEMBER 13 the heatl of our Army is a human being as other than the excuse that funds are not "It is not for the Commission to say that well as a general. available to make an investigation. this particular type of offense is inconsequen­ tial. If a person can serve as State chairman OKLAHOMA HIGHWAY COMMISSIONER When any Member of Congress intro­ (of a political party) with impunity, how duces a law without regard to the civil­ could this Commission consistently impose a Mr. STEWART. Mr. Speaker, I ask service laws they will receive a letter ask­ penalty for service anyWhere down the line?" unanimous consent to address the House ing them to be sure and strike the pro­ for 1 minute and to revise and extend vision. GIVE THE WE'EKLY NEWSPAPERS A BREAK my remarks and include an article from The Civil Service Commission on their Mr. MANSFIELD of Montana. Mr. the Washington Times-Herald. own motion should reconsider their. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to action with respect to Mr. Paris andre­ proceed for 1 minute and to revise and the request of the gentleman from Okla­ verse their holdings or they should make extend my remarks. homa? a sincere effort to see that all violators The SPEAKER. Is there objection to There was no objection. are brought to justice. I have actually the request of the gentleman from · Mr: STEWART. Mr. Speaker, on yes­ called to the attention of appointing Montana? terday I read in the Washington Times­ heads the violation of Federal employees There was no objection. Herald that the Civil Service Commis­ and nothing has been done about it, and Mr. MANSFIELD o! Montana. Mr. sion asked that a member of the Okla­ if that is the way the Civil Service Com­ Speaker, I am today introducing H. R. homa State Highway Commission be mission is going to hoL.;o they should be 5349, a bill to permit weekly newspapers fired. This man was appointed by the told about, not just this time but oft: :1. to suspend publication for not more than Governor of our State without regard Many of the official heads have the au­ two issues in any one calendar year with­ to the Civil Service Commission. He thority to pass upon the justification of out the loss of second-class mail priv­ was our State chairman of the Demo­ applicants and if an applicant for a job ileges. cratic State Central Committee at the does not suit their fancy it has been my The daily newspapers can, in general, time he was appointed. He held over experience that they will find a way to afford to give their employees vacations, for a short while, and this fact with his scuttle him. In one case 2 years ago a and they all have managers, as well, who activities in connection with a victory guard at the Red River Dam opened up can oversee affairs when the publisher dinner, they say, violates the Hatch Act. the headquarters of my opponent and wants time off. The small weeklies­ It occurs to me with all the legitimate_ managed his campaign and as soon 1.s the backbone of the newspaper indus­ complaints made by Members of Con­ the campaign was over he was put back try-are usually run by a man or woman gress against violators of the Hatch Act on his job. I wrote the employing head who has to be publisher, editor, printer, against persons employed by the Fed­ and he said that he had gotten a release advertising man, and reporter, all in eral Government should be given prior from his job and in view of the fact that one. These people, I believe, are en­ consideration, but not so; apparently he was a good guard he reemployed him, titled to the privilege of a vacation with­ they are hunting for big fish. and that is not a violation of the Hatch out having to 'reapply for a second-class I have called attention to the faCt -of Act. It may be necessary for me to bring reentry which not only takes time but numerous primary election violations to the well of the House all cases in which costs $10 as well. and I am lucky if I can get one of their I am interested, and if such procedure I have been informed that the Mon­ investigators to make a verbal report in becomes necessary, I assure you, I shall tana State Press Association when it met a year and a half, to say nothing of pursue such a course. in Missoula on August 19 and 20, 1944, being able to find any evidence to sus­ The Civil Service Commission should went on record in favor of State legis­ tain the complaint. Everyone in the see to it that each State receives its quota lation which would change the frequency District knows abmJt it but the Civil of employees with the respect of the . of issues so that newspapers could con­ Service Commission. population of any State to the population tinue to qua~ify as mediums for the pub­ The first thing we know they will at­ of the whole United States, and I mean lication of legal advertising. tempt to stop school Joards from taking in equal rating along with the proper The passing of the bill by Congress any part in elections. It occurs to me percentage. We have visited many will, when the States affected change as one that has made two races for Con­ Federal ·agencies here in the Capital their laws covering legal notices, be of gress that nothing is ever done when a City and in the State of Oklahoma, 9.nd inestimable value to the weekly publish­ Federal employee goes out and beats the if we have our quota I am a bad calcm­ ers and give them the chance to take bushes for their candidate. The next lator, for in many if not most cases the much needed vacations which they are thing we know the Civil Service Commis­ Federal employees in Oklahoma are from all barred from having now. It will give sion will ask for a law, that all employees some of the other States or the District the little fellows in the newspaper field of the various States come under their of Columbia. a break; it will confer no special favor; jurisdiction. It is high time that if the The article in the Washington Times­ it will not cost the Government any­ Civil Service Commission can interfere Herald is as follows: thing; and it will recognize a needed with a State official that we change the CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION ASKS OKLAHOMA adjustment in a field that n~eds this laws. If a State desires a Hatch Act let HIGHWAY CHIEF BE FmED assistance and needs it now. I sincerely the State pass the law. I have been told The Civil Service Commission ruled yester· hope that this measure will receive the by two civil-service investigators that day that France Paris, Oklahoma State high­ enthusiastic support of the entire mem­ only $50,000 per annum was available to Nay commissioner, should be removed from of­ bership of tlie House. make investigations and that they would fice because his service as State Democratic PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE chairman and his activities in connection do the best they can under the circum­ with a victory dinner to raise campaign funds Mr. WORLEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask stances, but under the circumstances violated the Hatch Act. unanimous consent that on Monday next, they have done exactly nothing, yet they Commissioners Arthur S. Flemming and after the regular order of business and can make the front page of every daily Lucille F. McMillin voted for Paris' removal any other special orders, I may address newspaper in the country of their find- following a Commission hearing, with Com­ the House for 30 minutes. - ings in recommending the firing of a mission President Harry B. Mitchell dissent­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to member of the state highway commis­ ing. Mitchell held that, although a violation of the act had been established, it was not of a the request of the gentleman from Texas? sion of my State. There was no objection. · Hon. France Paris is not entitled to be character to warrant or require removal from office. HON.ANTHONYJ.DTIMOND made the subject of such outbursts as "If it were required to show evil intent or printed on the front page of the Wash­ premeditated purpose to violate or defy the · Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask ington Herald. In the first place he did law (to Jl,lstify removal from office) we should unanimous consent to address the House not have to qualify under any civil-serv-· not find that Mr. Paris' removal was justi­ for 1 minute. ice examinatiqn tq be appointed, his fied," the majority report said. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to salary is paid by State funds, and on the "The respondent, however patriotic his mo­ the request of the gentleman from Wash· tives might have been, simply failed to realize other hand there are many violators in that the Hatch Act requi:red him to make-a ington [Mr. MAGNUSON]? Oklahoma, yes in Oklahoma if you choice between serving the public as a whole There was no objection. _ please, that are under civil service and in official employment and serving a party in Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. Speaker, the I know of nothing being done about it partisan employment. district which I represent is connecte(! 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7731 up with the economic, cultural, and social remarks and to include extraneous mat­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS life of the great Territory of Alaska. V/e ter. Mr. HOLIFIELD. . Mr. Speaker, I ask have many legislative and other prob­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to unanimous consent to extend my own lems in common. the request of the gentleman from remarks in the RECORD and include Since I have been a Member of this Idaho? therein some excerpts. House it has been my great pleasure to There was no objection. The SPEAKER. ls there objection to work with the man who has represented PEARL HARBOR RESPONSIBILITY the request of the gentleman from Call­ the great Territory of Alaska. Inasmuch Mr. OUTLAND. Mr. Speaker, I ask fornia? as many of us will be here only a few There was no objection. days longer, and inasmuch as that gen­ unanimous consent to address the House tleman is going to grace the bench in his for 1 minute and to revise and extend my DEMOBILIZATION AND RECONVERSION home Territory of Alaska, I would be remarks. The SPEAKER. The Chair recognizes somewhat derelict in my duty to my own The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the gentleman from North Carolina rMr. con!ftituency, to ·my feeling toward him, the request of the gentleman from Cali­ DOUGHTON]. and to the people of Alaska, if I did not fornia? Mr. DOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, I ask place in the RECORD at this time some There was no objection·. unanimous consent that it may be in semblance of spoken word regarding the Mr. OUTLAND. Mr. Speaker, the order on Monday next for me to make charge has been made.on the floor of this fine work he has done in the House dur,.. two motions to instruct the mana~~i·s on House and has been widely quoted all ing his long service .ilere. I refer to the the part of the House ~t ihe conference over the Nation to the effect that several Delegate of Alaska, Hon. ANTHONY J. on the di. ~~greeing votes of the two DIMOND. I shall tell him as I tell the days before the attack upon Pearl Har­ rtouses on the bill (S. 2051) entitled "An people of Alaska that his leaving here bor the Australian Governm.~~-t had act to amend the Social Security Act, as will not only be our loss but the loss of warned the United f3ta.'ces of such an im­ amended, to provide a national program the inhabitants of that great Territory. pending attack; that it had notified for war mobilization and reconversion, We all wish him well. Washington that a Japanese task force and for other purposes." was preceding eastward toward Hawaii. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Speaker, reserv­ All over America people are asking ing the right to object--- whether or not such a statement as this Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. Kl'!lUTSON. Mr. Speaker, will the l.Jnanimous consent to extend my own can possibly be true. If it is not true, they will demaHd that such loose talk be gentleman yield? remarks in the RECORD and include an Mr. JENKINS. I yield. article from a newspaper. immediately stopped, even if it is made in the Halls of Congress. Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, we are The SPEAKER. Is there objection to in full accord on this side with the re­ the request of the gentleman ftom Mich­ An. Associated Press dispatch from Australia dated September 12 quotes quest of the gentleman from North igan? Carolina. There was nD objection. Prime Minister John Curtin as flatly denying this rumor. I quote from the Mr: MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, re­ WAR LEADERSHIP dispatch: serving the right to object, what this re­ quest really amounts to is that it short­ Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask This is pure invention. Our cables had unanimous consent to address the House no data regarding the Japanese Fleet. ens the process of accomplishing that which this resolution accomplishes: It for 1 minute and to revise and extend my The Prime Minister's statement should remarks. gives two ?Jlotions to recommit an j it end this rumor once and for all; it is will give sufficient time to debate the two The SPEAKER. Is there objection to evident that it is only one more rather the request of the gentleman from Mich­ matters in disagreement. All this does clumsy attempt to 'play a dangerous is just shorten the process which will igan? brand of partisan politics. have to be gone through with unless this There was no objection. It seems to me the Members of this unanimous-consent request is granted? Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, the House should have adequate data before Mr. DOUGHTON. That is right. statement of the gentleman from Ala­ they make statements of this kind which Mr. JENKINS. Mr. Speaker, I do not bama [Mr. STARNES] is most reassuring they know will be widely quoted all over underst!tnd what the gentleman is try­ t--. me and I am sure it will be to many of America. ing to do, although I have an idea what the people of the country in the light of If any Member of this House has any he is trying to do. Inasmuch as we are the money that has been spent and the proof, I ask him to come forward and going to adjourn here s:1ortly and will great number of words that have been give it now; if not, I would respectfully not know what he proposes to do, will printed trying to convince the people of suggest that such un-American types of he explain it? the country that all the success of this political campaigning be suspended at Mr. COOPER. Mr. Speake1·, it ii the war v.·:.s due to the gentleman in the least for the duration. intention of the gentleman from North White House. Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, I ask Carolina, if this request is granted, to ask We now learn that it is General Mar­ unanimous consent to address the House unanimous consent to print in the REc­ shall who has been doing this work. I for 1 minute. ORD at this point the two motions he say I am glad to know that when the The SPEAKER. Is there objection to expects to make on Monday. ( President goes out of office, if the war the request of the gentleman from Min­ The SPEAKER. Is there objection to still continues, we shall have a capable nesota? the request of the gentleman from North and successful leader to direct the war There was no objection. Carolina? program. Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Speaker, I am There was no objection. inclined to agree with the gentleman Mr. DOUGHTON. Mr. Speaker, 1 ask The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ from California. For over a year, yes, tleman from Michigan has expired. unanimous consent to insert in the REc­ for over 2 years, the American people ORD at this point the two motions which EXTENSION OF REMARKS have been demanding all the facts per­ it is my purpose to offer on Monday next. taining to Pearl Harbor, but the admin­ Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Speaker, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to I ask unanimous consent to extend my istration continues to keep the lid on. Admiral Kimmel and General Short the request of the gentleman from North own remarks in the RECORD and include have asked for an opportunity to be Carolina? therein an article by Westbrook Pegler heard and to tell the American people There was no objection. from the Times-Herald of this morning. the facts. Only a few days ago General The motions referred to follow: The SPEAKER. Is there objection to Short announced that when the facts Mr. DouGHTON moves to instruct the man­ the request of the gentleman from New are known to the American people the agers on the part of the House in the con­ York? ference on the disagreeing votes of the two blame for our unpreparedness -at Pearl Houses on the bill (S. 2051) entitled "An There was no objection. Harbor must be laid elsewhere. Cer­ Act to Amend the Social Security Act, as Mr. WHITE. Mr. Speaker, I ask tainly that would not be in Tokyo; but Amended, to Provide a National Program unanimous consent to extend my own rather, in Washington. for War Mobilization and Reconversion, and .7732 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE SEPTEMBER 13 for Other Purposes," to insist on their dis­ would rest elsewhere than with the com­ scientifically our resource levels under agreement to section 403 of said Senate bill manders at Hawaii and that in his opin­ the demands of this global war, have relating to unemployment compensation for ion it would not be on Tokyo but rather urged serious consideration of ways and Federal employees. Mr. DouGHTON moves to instruct the man­ upon Washington. means to protect our future position. agers on the part of the House in the con­ That remark brings up something a I have on a number of occasions called ference on the disagreeing votes of the two great deal deeper than some of these this matter to the attention of this Houses on .he bill (S. 2051) entitled "An Act other things that have been talked about. House. How many Members can answer to Amend the Social Security Act as Amend- . All I want to say is that as far as I am these questions: How long a period of ed, to Provide a National Program for War personally concerned, I believe the Japa­ time will our vital resources sources be Mobilization and Reconversion, and for nese attack on Pearl Harbor was the fault kept above the danger point? Have Other Purposes," to insist on their disagree­ ment to section 303 of said Senate bill relat­ of Japan, not the United States; and, we assurances that the material short­ ing to the transportation of civilian workers. furthermore, the only way, if you will ages of the past 2 years are not indica­ read the history of the last few years, tions of future permanent shortages? RUMORS that the attack on Pearl Harbor or To ~hrow some light on this imiX>rtant Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker I something altogether like it could have subJect let us examine the facts on the ask unanimous consent to proceed fo~ 1 been avoided would have been for the supply situation of a few most vital ma­ minute. United States to tell the Japanese to go terials. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to ahead and do just exactly as they pleased VITAL MATERIALS the request cf the gentleman from in China and all over the Pacific Basin. Let us first consider our petroleum re­ Massachusetts? · ALASKAN WATER POWER-HON. ANTHONY serves. Up to a short time ago we were There was no objection. J. DIMOND supplying about 60 percent of the Allied Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I oil requirements. A year ago the Sec­ have a very strong feeling of personal Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to proceed for 1 retary of the Interior, when appearing friendship for my friend the gentleman -before the Senate Appropriations Com­ from Minnesota [Mr. KNUTSON]. I do minute. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to mittee, stressed the seriousness of the not like to see him continuously making oil situation. It has been clearly estab­ statements that are not consistent with the request of the gentleman from Mis­ sissippi? lished that our oil supply is not -in­ th~ facts. For example, not so long ago, There was no objection. exhaustible. We have actually encoun­ bemg bereft of any issue, he created a tered a reversal in the gr..aph relating figJ:t with the President's little dog FaJa. . ~r. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I desire to JOm the gentleman from Washington n~w discoveries to consumption demands. This was found to be incorrect. Then Smce Pearl Harbor, new developments he tried to offset that, when the truth [Mr. MAGNUSON] in paying tribute to our distinguished colleague from Alaska [Mr. have serjously lagged behind current re­ was made known, by saying that Drew quirements, and the extent of our new Pearson had stated it cost $20,000,000 DIMOND]. No one regrets seeing him leave this fields have .materially decreased. The for the President to take his trip and best evidence we have today is that 10 to hold conferences in Hawaii. What House more than I do, for he has been a faithful and diligent servant of the peo­ 15 years consumption will definitely see Pearson said was the Republicans would this Nation in the midst of an oil deple­ charge that. ple of that great Territory. As .a member of the Committee on tion cycle. It is true that new fields are Now he makes the statement about the being developed in Mississippi and other administration putting "the lid on" and Rivers· and Harbors he went along with me in _my efforts to get a survey of the areas, but they may not prove sufficient. like the other two statements it is en­ . o.ur high-grade iron-ore deposits are tirely without foundation and is made potential water power in Alaska with a view to its development and distribution· rapidly being dug out. The grea1o • out of whole cloth. Mesabi range, which has in years past Mr. KNUTSON. Will the gentleman which would be the greatest improvement the Territory has ever known. There is supplied over 80 percent of our iron re­ yield inasmuch as he made a statement quirements will be, from present indica­ about me? a wealth of undeveloped water power in Alaska, sufficient to make it a rich and tions, depleted in 10 or 15 years. Our Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the gen­ a prosperous land. former numerous copper mines have been tleman. On several occasions I have addressed exhausted, and all that remains in con­ Mr. KNUTSON. The gentleman has this House on water-power developments tinental United States are the mines of made a statement here that I feel should in Japan and Russia, and also in the western Montana and Arizona. The be answered. The gentleman has ac­ European, Asiatic, and African countries same facts can be shown to apply to cess to information denied the minority. as ~ell as South America. In each of other major materials such as lead zinc May I suggest to the distinguished these presentations I have stressed the and bauxite. ' ' gentleman that he call up the proper high importance of knowing world These materials will have to be re­ official and find out if it is true that in­ trends, ~odern developments, and prog~ placed to a large extent by aluminum stead of a destroyer having been used ress. With the advance of the present taken from aluminum-bearing clays of a plane was used? Will the gentleman war, and the resulting discussions on which we have an unlimited supply. also inquire from his friend, Admiral peace and post-war monetary arrange­ But it will take large amounts of elec­ Leahy. if the cruiser that carried the ments, the trends that I have previously tricity to process it. . President to Hawaii was not accom­ mentioned, are becoming more pro­ A year ago the Bureau of Mines gave panied by a carrier and three destroyers? nounced. Members of the Senate complete listings Mr. McCORMACK. In response to If we· are to hold our own as a nation on 20 other important metals where this the gentleman's question, may I say he we must give more attention to our re­ Natiqn's supply is inadequate to meet its is guilty of the same offense of rumor source ba:lance sheet in the future than peacetime needs. These 20 different mongering. The gentleman is also metals are highly essential in the manu­ guilty of befogging the facts. we have in the past. · · Today I wish to carry these studies facture of high-strength, high-quality al­ The SPEAKER. The time of the gen­ loys, which are needed for modern m·a­ tlemar has expired. further by taking another look at our resource inventory, and to then point out chines, like automobiles, ships, trucks, Mr: VOORHIS of California. Mr. how some of our future national deficien­ tanks, and airplanes. All the metals Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to cies can be corrected by giving more at­ that I have mentioned are highly im­ proceed for 1 minute. tention to the . opportunities that are portant both in peace and in war. The SPEAKER. Is. there objection to What has happened in Europe since the request of the gentleman from Cali­ possible in Alaska. . D-day simply confirms a principle that WAR AND RESOURCE DEPLETION fornia? _has ~een established since the beginning There was no objection. . For years it was the popular belief of time. This principle is that any Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. that this country had an unlimited sup­ nation which loses its resource base Speaker. it seems to me the most impor­ ply of natural resources. Events since becomes a decadent nation, and later the tant thing that the gentleman from Min­ Pearl Harbor,· and the restrictions under prey of other nations. · China is an out­ nesota said was that if alf the facts were which we have since lived, have exploded standing example of a solid nation losina brought out about this matter the blame that theory. All who have investigated its resource base, both agriculturally 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7733 from soil erosion, and in minerals A PROTECTED PEACE the great potential power areas of Nor­ through depletion and lack of explora­ By resolution and by action this Na­ way and the best power sections in this tion. tion is committed to a speedy victory country, namely, Oregon and Washing-­ MODERN PROCESSES and such international cooperation as ton. Mr. Speaker, we became in the past will preserve peace. The latter is a gen­ RUSSIAN DEVELOPMENTS decade a great Nation by building our eralized statement, which lacks prac­ On this fioor on June 8, 1943, I traced industries around what has since been ticability unless we consider both from at length the great Russian resource known as conventional processes. How­ a national and international standpoint advances since the first Gelro plan of ever, progress has altered processes. the effective equalization of resource 1920. What Rus~ia is doing so effectively For 40 years the tendency has been to bases. Until we do, we will not accom­ in the war today is the result of coupling swing· away from the older c-onventional plish our objective of a protected peace. together its mineral and chemical re­ processes where high-strength, high­ Present discussions seem to have neglect­ sources with power. quality products are needed. Modern ed this practical fundamental. The Russian foresight of the past 25 machines, like the airship, the naval car­ Nationally at this time we must take years in minerals, chemicals, and power rier, the heavy fighting ships, the truck, action only on those essentials which has brought that country to a top posi­ and the automobile, as well as modern will preserve our resource base. If we tion amongst nations. Their foresight chemicals, are dependent on electric do not we will find that with depletion is progressively continuing, and, as an processes to secure the requisite strength this Nation will encounter a lowering of example of national wisdom, I wish to and quality demanded by progress. living standards and a drop in earning cite a few facts that have developed The material quality now needed must power. If we do not protect our resource since the German invasion of that coun­ come from the electric cell or the electric base we will find that our standards will try, when the large Dnieperstroy and furnace. I have stated on several occa­ drop to the level of the countries from other power plants were destroyed. I sions before this Rouse that the auto­ which we import to overcome deficien­ cite these facts not in any sense of criti­ mobile industry at Detroit would not cies. Then will follow an upset in our cism but to bring out modern trends, have been possible if the electTic alloys trade and industrial sys.tem and we will and to show the power progress of for- ' manufactured at Niagara with low-cost reach the point where we cannot hold ward-looking nations. hydro power had not been available. our world position. What can be done MINERAL RESOURCES Modern commerce has required, and will about this long-range gloomy outlook? in the future require, more and more We can protect our resource base by a In 1867 we ·purchased Alaska with . ' electric metals. This means a coupling resurvey of all of its elements, and by $7,200,000 in gold. Since that date we of two resources-namely, water power using the opportunities the Creator has have taken out of the Territory about and metallic ores and agricultural prod­ given us. The main purpose of these re­ 90 times the amount of gold represented ucts. Water· power is the only resource marks today is to point out resource op­ by this purchase price. we have that cannot be depleted. It has portunities in Alaska. With so much of the Alaskan area un­ explored and not surveyed, it would be well been stated that it is equivalent to ALASKA CLIMATE a mine that cannot be dug out or an oil wild speculation to attempt to state There has _been so much misinforma­ Alaskan reserve volumes. But certain well that never runs dry. tion existing as to the cli~ate of Alaska, Fortunately, for the country, we had mineral facts are sufficiently established that the facts need to be stated in. order to clearly indicate possibilities, and with . developed sizable blocks of low -cost to correctly appraise the. situation under .hydro at T.V. A., Boulder Dam, and on such reservation I wish to point out a few discussion. Because of. the eastward of these possibilities in connection with the Columbia. I do not know where we course in the Pacific of tbe Japanese cur­ would have been in this war without electric processes. rent, the climatic effect is similar to that The remaining placer gold reserves in them, as nearly 70 percent of the modern ·existing in the States of Washington and metals going into our air ptogram came Alaska are probably equal to what has Oregon, and in northwestern Europe, re­ been taken out since acquisition, and the from these Federal hydro projects. To sulting from the course of the Gulf clarify our thinking along these lines we gold lode reserves may exceed the placer Stream. This results in a mild tempera- reserves. Placer mining is now con­ should look upon the modern metals as . ture, in the coastal regions, with a mean frozen kilowatts and the modern chemi­ ducted in Alaska with large power annual temperature of 55° to 60°. Tem­ dredges and 24 large operating organ- cals as liquid or gaseous kilowatts. perature extremes ·do exist, however, in . izations. Price of any essential product deter­ the inland plateau areas; for example, mines its place in industry and com­ the mean temperature range at Fort The strategic miner~ls like copper, tin, merce. Therefore, the price of power is Yukon, near the boundal'y between antimony, platinum, chromium, tung­ a large factor in the effective coupling sten, and molybdenum have been located Alaska and Canada is 64° in the sum­ in Alaska. These are all processed by of the resources I have mentioned. mer to minus 31 o in the winter. Take, for example, the highly essential The rainfall in the coastal regions is ' modern electric methods. Only tin and light metals like aluminum and magne­ . heavy and ranges between 80 and 110 antimony have been mined commercially. sium. Each difference of a tenth of a inches per mean year which is about the : Copper production in Alaska ceased in cent per. kilowatt-hour of power cost same as exists in the heavy potential 1938 because of the world competitive changes the pound price of the metal by hydropower areas of Washington and · price situation, but by electric processes 1 cent. Therefore, an abundance of Oregon, west of the Cascades. . copper can still be produced. From the cheap electricity is absolutely necessary. The Alaskan point of highest latitude small amount of information available A realization of these control factors is Point Barrows on the Arctic Ocean. it can be safely stated that possibilities by Germany resulted in the seizure of This is exactly the same latitude as the for upbuilding our mineral resource base Norway, a country rich in hydro power. most northerly point of Norway. The in Alaska through use of electric proc­ . I have previously developed for the bene­ southern extremity of Alaska is about essing is very substantial. . fit of my colleagues a picture of the 54 degrees latitude, which is three and POWER RESOURCES hydro-power resources of Norway. To a half degrees of latitude, or about 300 • Additional water resource surveys are restate for the purposes of this discus­ statute miles, south of the Norwegian needed to fully cover Alaskan power sion, I wish-to again . call attention to most southerly point. . possibilities both in the usable streams the fact that Norway leads all the coun­ The Alaskan coast line has topography and in the fjords along the coast. These tries in the world both in developed and similar to that of Oregon and Washing­ two classes of hydro power will be dis­ potential hydro power per thousand ton, and also the west coast of Norway. cussed separately as they involve differ­ population. Over one-tenth of the na­ The coast-line topography is precipitous ent fundamentals . • tional wealth of Norway is represented and is indented with numerous deep Water resource investigations in by hydroelectric installations, and over . fjords. Alaska have been meager. From 1906 75 percent of its people, up until the From this it can be seen that generally to 1921 the United States Geological Sur­ German occupation, had received all the the Alaskan areas west of the extended vey carried out intermittent investiga­ benefits low-cost electricity could American Cascade Range, have water­ tions until available funds were ex­ . bestow. fall and water volumes comparable with hausted. These earlier water resource XC--488 7734 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE SEPTEMBER 13 surveys resulted from the demands of the Inlet and Susitna Lake have large power adjacent to the vast Territory to the mining industry, and were, therefore, possibilities. The amount of this ca­ northward, I cherish more than a mere scattered. In the national forest area pacity cannot be definitely stated until friendship for TONY DIMOND. The loss stream measurement programs have surveys have been made, but conserva­ of Congress ·is a gain of the Judiciary. been carried on by the Forest Service tive estimates lead to the conclusion that ToNY DIMOND has represented Alaska in in cooperation with the Federal Power the available Alaskan tidal power will a wholly impartial manner. His popu­ Commission. equal about one-half of the stream po­ larity in the House of Representatives is The favorable combination of high tential power capability I have given, almost unparalleled. The projects and rainfall, heavy run-off, natural storage which in kilowatt-hours represents be­ · Federal aid for which he has crusaded in sites, high falls, and the nearness of such between seven and eight ·billion kilo­ connection with the Territory of Alaska sites to navigable water makes .the south­ watt-hours a year. have been supported without regard to eastern and the south central portions There is very little feasible potential party. To a large extent the remark­ of Alasl{a an unusually attractive loca­ power located along the route of the able contributions he has rendered to the tion for hydro projects. Reconnaissance Alaskan Highway from Fort Nelson, Territory of Alaska are due to the infec­ surveys have been made on power sites British Columbia to Fairbanks, Alaska, tious personality and the persuasive logic with possibilities exceeding 800,000 or on the inland streams because of ice. of the Honorable TONY DIMOND. horsepower which is equal to 3,600,- The installed hydro plants in Alaska May I say in behalf of the House that 000,000 kilowatt-hours annually. These now only total the small amount of 45,- we will all miss you immeasurably. We known sites need to be developed to pro­ 000 horsepower, or about one-fiftieth of know that when you go back there your mote industry to use the mineral, timber, what we will have supplied to the life will be somewhat easier, insofar as fish, fur, and other resources of Alaska. Russians by the end of this fiscal year. tt is removed from the incessant clamors In the other parts of Alaska no surveys This represents capability of about 200,- and the nerve strains of the 2-year elec­ or measurements have been made. 000,000 kilowatt-hours per year. What tions, which are the ineluctable lot of Obviously additional field work is neces­ I have given indicates that we are neg­ every Member of the House. We know sary.- lecting one very essential part of the that ·your judicial career will be out­ From the information that-is available foundation of our resource base. standing and notable. Our felicitations it can be conservatively stated that the A LAND OF OPPORTUNITIES and our warm sympathy go with you. usable Alaskan streams have potential We wish you happiness, longevity, and power possibilities of about 1,500,000 The Territory of Alaska is our last prosperity in your new career. horsepower of firm power good for 7,300,- frontier. It is one that must not be Mr. ROLPH. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ 000,000 kilowatt-hours annually and neglected. We are going to have to imous consent to address the House for 2,500,000 of good quality secondary power maintain air bases in Alaska for all time 1 minute. or 9,000,000,000 annual kilowatt-hours, to come and to correct the deficiencies The SPEAKER. Is there objection to capable of being used industrially, or a resulting from years of neglect. We the request of the gentleman from Cali­ total of around 4,000,000 horsepower or owe this not only to our returning sol­ fornia? 16,300,000,000 kilowatt-hours-or about diers but to all our people. For our own There was no objection. as much as is now used in Pennsylvania. national protection we need to correct Mr. ROLPH. I, too, want to say a The best potential water-power States in the erosion of our own resource base word concerning the distinguished Dele­ this country are Washington, Oregon, through feasible Alaskan developments. gate from Alaska, Hon. ANTHONY DIMONl>. California, New York, and Idaho. The Our national resource deficiencies will The relationship between California and potential stream power in Alaska is first come in those fields involving dif­ Alaska has been most intimate all nearly equal to that of New York and ferent forms of energy. Therefore, we through the years. As a matter of fact, Idaho on a potential installed basis, and · cannot afford to neglect the only non­ you will be interested to know that at one is about two-thirds that of Oregon and depleting resource we have, namely, time a section of California·was Russian one-half of.the amount that exists in the water power. · We have helped other territory. Government of Russian in­ State of Washington. nations reestablish their bases and it is terests in California was located at Sitka, As I have previously pointed out, we well to remember that we should do like­ Alaska-. will have shipped by next July to Russia wise at home. Russian River, just north of San Fran­ power equipment totaling nearly one­ In this way we can make a new and cisco Bay, gets its name from a Russian half of all stream potential power in a brighter land of Alaska and provide settlement at its mouth. Alaska, and with power equipment now there a permanent home for a growing In my city scores and scores of ships under negotiation the Russian total of and a self-sustaining population. were outfitted for the Alaska salmon in­ United States procurement should be EXTENSION OF REMARKS dustry. Great salmon-canning com­ nearly double this type of Alaskan possi­ Mr. DISNEY. Mr. Speaker, I ask panies were started in San Francisco. bilities. For comparison, it should be unanimous consent to extend my re­ The same is true of trading companies stated that the actual developed hydro­ marks in the RECORD and include two edi­ handling furs and other products. horsepower in Norway is 3,500,000, or torials. Many San Franciscans devoted their 16,000,000,000 kilowatt-hours; in Italy, The SPEAKER. Is there objection to lives and their fortunes in developing 6,300,000, or 23,000,000,000 kilowatt­ the request of the gentleman from Alaska. hours; and in Switzerland 3,300,000, or Oklahoma? Our association with the Territory has 13,000,000,000 kilowatt-hours. These There was no objection. been close indeed. We hope it grows nations have become great industrially still closer in the years ahead. by utilizing water power averaging about PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE Personally I feel a deep sense of loss equal to the Alaskan potentialities. The Mr. COFFEE. Mr. Speaker, I ask in realizing that genial TONY DIMOND is very profitable Norwegian hydro in­ unanimous consent to address the House leaving the House of Representatives. stallations each range in size from 100\- for 1 minute. We all shall miss him. I wish him God­ 000 to 300,000 horsepower, capable of The SPEAKER. Is there objection to speed and good luck in his new responsi­ producing 480,000,000 to 1,500,000,000 the request of the gentleman from bilities. · kilowatt-hours annually. The Nor­ Washington? Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask wegian installations have another There was no objection. . unanimous consent to address the House marked commercial advantage besides Mr· COFFEE. Mr. Speaker, I wish to for 1 minute. low cost, and that is they are located supplement the remarks made by my The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there adjacent to tidewater and low trans­ colleague the gentleman from Washing­ objection to the request of the gentleman portation c:>sts. The Alaskan possibili­ ton [Mr. MAGNUSON] and also the distin­ from Iowa? ties also have a decided commercial ad­ guished gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. There was no objection. vantage, and Alaskan resources and con­ RANKIN] in saying a few words pane­ Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, I know we ditions are similar to those of Norway. gyrizing the career and activities of the all feel the great loss this Congress will The tidal range along the middle coast distinguished Delegate from Alaska, the sustain by the resignation of our good of Alaska is about 48 feet. Such out­ Honorable ToNY DIMOND. As one who colleague the Delegate from Alaska [Mr. standing protected fjords like Cooks represents a district in effect almost DIMOND]. It is a privilege and a pleasure 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7735 for me to say a few words about this fine, Last summer I had the privilege of . A shipyard worker released from em­ outstanding gentleman. As a member visiting Alaska and meeting TONY DI­ ployment in Alabama would receive un­ of the Subcommittee on Appropriations MOND while there. He showed me every employment compensation in accordance for the Department of the Interior I have courtesy, with the unemployment compensation seen the Delegate from Alaska come be­ May I say, with reference to that great laws of the State of Alabama. The rate fore our committee and make requests Territory, that we.have in Alaska a re­ of payment, the duration of payment, pertaining to his Territory. These re­ markable asset. I feel such many of and any disabilities inflicted by Alabama quests have always been fair, and the you do not appreciate the strategic im­ law would control, regardless of the place demands he has made upon the pocket­ portance of the Territory of Alaska to of residence of the employee. book of the AmEtrican people have always this great country, particularly in the It must be borne in mind that all un­ been in line with good common sense. years that are ahead of us, with the de­ employment compensation in the States For that reason, he generally has gotten velopment of the great airway leading is paid out of funds derived from a tax what he wanted. from the continental United States to on pay rolls paid by the employer. I be­ It is a pleasure and a privilege for me Siberia and Asia over the top of the world lieve only one State provides for any part to say these few words for our good through Alaska. The work we have done of the tax to be paid by the employee. friend the gentleman from Alaska, ToNY there in furtherance of the war effort will Therefore, it must be clear that had Fed­ DIMoND. We wish him well and God­ be one of the outstanding contributions eral employees been included within the speed in the new endeavors he is about in this great conflict which is now soon, program when the law was first enacted to enter. we hope, to be brought to a close. ToNY the contribution to the trust fund would Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ DIMOND has done remarkable and out­ have been made by the Federal Govern­ imous consent to address the House for 1 standing work in his contribution to that ment the same as private employers. minute. great endeavor. I know he will render What we seek to do now is to ask em­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there the same high service on the Federal ployer Uncle Sam to treat his employees objection to the request of the gentleman bench. I wish him Godspeed. in exactly the same manner as employees from Virginia? UNEMPLOYMENT-OOMPENSATION BENE- of private industry are treated. There was no objection. FITS FOR FEDERAL EMPLOYEES It must be borne in mind, also, that all State laws require employees to subject Mr. BLAND. Mr. Speaker, TONY DI­ Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, I ask themselves to employment opportunities MOND has served on my committee as long unanimous consent to address the House and to report at stated periods to the as he has been here. I do not know of for 1 minute. U. S. E. S. office. In the event a person any man who has been more valuable. I The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there receives unemployment compensation might say that he is invaluable. I regret objection to the request of the gentleman and is thereafter exposed to a suitable very much to see him go. He knows the from Wisconsin? employment opportunity, unemployment fisheries, he knows the merchant marine, There was no objection. compensation will cease under State laws he knows all the subjects that come be­ Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Speaker, when the when the employee refuses to accept such fore the committee. It will be very, very · motion of the distinguished chairman of employment. hard to find a man to take his place. I the Committee on Ways, and Means It must also be borne in mind that the shall miss him very much. I shall miss comes before the House on Monday, the amount of compensation and the dura­ him personally, but, more than that, I House will have an opportunity to vote tion of payment varies throughout the shall miss his counsel, his advice, his wis­ upon the amendment I tried to present various States and Territories. The dom, and his experience. The whole to the House when the bill was under average for the Nation is less than $20 committee wishes him Godspeed and re­ consideration here, to include Federal per weelt for a period of not to exceed grets exceedingly that he is going to con­ -employees within the scope of unemploy­ 20 weeks in any year. Thus, the maxi­ tinue no longer with us. ment-compensation benefits. At the time mum amount that could be obtained un­ We could depend upon him. Every the discussion was had upon that subject der the average figures just quoted would representation he ever made on any mat­ by the gentleman who is now addressing be $400 per employee. Assuming that ter presented the truth of the situation, the House, some very wild and extrava­ 3,000,000 Federal employees were to all the whole truth, and nothing but the gant statements were made as to the be discharged and the processes of gov­ truth. Tony, God bless you wherever possible cost of the inclusion of Federal ernment completely halted, the maxi­ you go and may Heaven's richest bless­ employees within this program. I did mum amount that would be required to ings be yours through the years that are not have an opportunity thereafter to pay unemployment compensation under to come, and may they be many. answer those wild and extravagant such circumstances could not possibly Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Speaker, I ask statements that were made in the exceed $1,200,000,000. If any person can unanimous consent to address the House RECORD. I shall attempt to briefly do conceive of such a monstrous situation for 1 minute. so now. developing in our economy, then God The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there It must be understood that the pro­ help America. No one can prophesy with objection to the request of the gentleman posal to include Federal employees under certainty how many Government em­ from Oregon? unemployment compensation does not ployees will be discharged nor what pe­ There was. no objec;:tion. contemplate the establishment of a Fed­ riod of time will be necessary to accom­ Mr. ANGELL. Mr. Speaker, I certainly eral system. The amendment which I plish the reduction in Government per­ would feel derelict in my duty if I did not offered, and which was ruled out on a sonnel. If 1,000,000 were discharged in add a word to what has been said with point of order, simply provides that all the next y~ar and all of them were unable reference to our good friend, TONY DI­ Federal employees shall be entitled to re­ to secure employment, the most that MOND, in connection with his leaving this ceive unemployment compensation in ac­ the Government would have to pay for august body. I have had the pleasure of cordance with the laws of the State in its contributions to the States would be serving with him on the Committee on whicb the service was rendered. This $400,000,000. If we are to have a wave the Territories for a number of years. means, therefore, that the States, of post-war prosperity with full employ­ There has been no man with whom I through their unemployment compensa­ ment, then the inclusion of Federal have come in contact here in the House tion agencies, would retain full authority workers in the program becomes a moot for whom I have a higher regard than he. to administer the law. Payments of un­ question. If we are to have continuous ToNY DIMOND has brought to his work employment compensation would only be wholesale unemployment, then we must a very fine understanding of the prob­ made in accordance with the law of the prepare now to take care of the situation. lems of his own district. He has been State in which the Federal employee The unemployment-compensation pro­ most diligent and effective in his work rendered his service. The States would gram in my judgment offers a much bet­ here in this body. He has been broad­ be merely acting as .the agents of the ter groundwork of stability and economy minded in his consideration not only of Federal Government in administering than would be found in hurried attempts the problems with ·which he has had to the payment of unemployment compen­ to provide relief projects under another do personally affecting Alaska but all sation to Federal employees. Thus, every W. P. A. We must bear in mind that the problems that have come before us employee would be equitably and reason­ . this Government will continue to func­ during that time: ably treated. tion at the conclusion of hostilities, and 7736 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE SEPTEMBER 13 many of the agencies of the Government developments have, in fact occurred since The matter has been laid before the Ala­ that have been set up will continue for a Governor Dewey commenced his present bama delegation in the House, as well as be­ fore both Senators BANKHEAD and HILL. considerable period in our post-war era. campaign tour. The emphasis that has Ils ne passeront pas, exclaim these Demo­ The regular establishments of govern­ been placed on that issue by one party to cratic parents and grandparents, as they ex­ ment will continue and the regular civil the campaign, coupled with the remarks pose this nefarious attemr; t to foist Dulles­ service employees will remain on the of their candidate, has caused me to won­ Dewey on an unsuspecting Alabama Demo­ pay roll. der if it is really a fact that they honestly cratic world. Down with this effort to seduce Is it not clear therefore that the bogey do intend, in the event of the far-fetched the infants of Alabama to the Republican thrown into this discussion as to cost is possibility of their success, to propose a billfold! designed merely to frighten and confuse constitutional amendment and urge its Ridiculous, do you think? So did I Members of Congress? I fully believe adoption by the States to stipulate a when I first read it. In fact, as I read that the United States Government, the maximum age of 45 years for President, that editorial to Mrs. Jarman, as we greatest employer in the Nation, owes 40 years for membership in the other drove from Tuscaloosa to Birmingham, it to the States who have adopted un­ body, and 35 years for membership in her comment, with which I agreed, was, employment compensation for · private this body. I can but wonder, too, if it "That· editor had a lot to do to write employees and employers, to set an ex­ is really a fact that they will pass a law, that." I thought so, but as I read it ample and to give its employees the regulation, or order, causing it to be again on the plane I was impressed that benefits which it has bestowed upon the impossible for the Chief of Stat! of our it might not be so farfetched after all employees of private employers. Army and the Commander in Chief of and it occurred to me not to throw that EXTENSION OF REMARKS our Navy to be over 45 years old; one paper away, but to clip the editorial and preventing a man over 40 years old serv­ place it in my portfolio where it peace­ Mr. KEFAUVER. MT. Speaker, I ask ing as a major general, one over 35 being unanimous consent to extend my re­ fully slept unthought of again until a brigadier general, and stipulating that Governor Dewey commenced this cam­ marks in the RECORD, and further tb ex­ no colonel be more than 30, and no tend my remarks a:nci include a bi'ief paign , tour. . Then it was positively lieutenant colonel or major more than called to my attention and I became con-. article from the American Bar Associa­ 25. tion Journal. · - vinced that this issue of the natural I wonder, too, if, should they by any irresponsibility of inexperienced youth The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there chance be successful, they would logi­ versus the alleged weariness of old age objection to the request of the gentle­ cally continue this procedure by urging man from Tennessee? was really the main one in this cam­ on those Governors of States whose mis­ paign. Time of course does not permit There was no objection. fortune it may be at the time to belong me to dwell on the numerous remarks Mr. MICHENER. Mr. Speaker, I ask to the Republican Party, the passage of of the Governor which so convinced me. unanimous consent that the gentleman legislation by the State stipulating a from Wisconsin [Mr. MuRRAY] may ex­ I shall explore only one of them. maxlmum age of 30 years for Governor In New York in his press conferenc~ tend his own remarks and include some and 25 years for other State officers. just before the tour commenced, as I excerpts. Thinking along that line caused my recall, he commented on the alleged in­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there mind to revert to an editorial from the tention to keep the soldiers in the Army objection to the request of the gentle­ Birmingham Age-Herald of about 2 because it was cheaper to do that than man from Michigan? weeks ago, which I read: to maintain them outside; and as !"recall There was no objection. REPUBLICAN PROPAGANDA he used the indefinite expression "they ADJOURNMENT OVER Insidious Republican propaganda has in­ say." Proceeding to Philadelphia and Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I vaded Democratic homes in Birmingham,. using the speech doubtless prepared by ask unanimous consent that when the and there is great consequent distress in cer­ his ghost writers-since this reference House adjourns tomorrow, it adjourn to tain of them. Apparently, the Republican appeared in its published text-he re­ meet on Monday next. campaign management has set about or­ peated that charge and said the admin­ ganization of an Infants-for-Dewey League istration was going to do thus and so~ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there of Alabama. It is a distressing manifesta- · That accusation naturally brought forth objection to the request of the gentleman tion of the Southern "revolt" of the Demo­ loud applause just as any criticism of from Massachusetts? cratic Party and sterns undoubtedly from the Texas oil millionaires' electoral vote with­ this administration to that audience There was no objection. would have elicited great applause. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under holding manipulation, contaminated un­ doubtedly by similar abortive efforts in South Undoubtedly the irresponsibility of his previous order of the House, the gentle­ Carolina, Mississippi, and Louisiana. youth caused him to be misled by that man from Alabama [Mr. JARMAN] is rec­ Evidence of plutocratic capital financing applause into believing he had hit the ognized for 20 minutes. this insidious propaganda movement has bull's-eye, so down at Louisville the next THE NATURAL IRRESPONSIBILITY OF IN­ alarmed the Democratic Party authorities, night in a speech in which the prepared EXPERIENCED YOUTH VERSUS THE and a congressional investigation will be re­ ghost writers' text, as published in the ALLEGED WEARINESS OF TIRED OLD quested in the next few days. • • • Whether press, contained no reference to this. He it is simply an exploitation of the Dewey­ AGE Dulles, or Dulles-Dewey campaign for greater bounded forth in the exuberance of his Mr. JARMAN. Mr. Speaker, when the authority for small nations in the inter­ naturally irresponsible youth to greater opposition brought forth, early in this national security organization is not yet heights, repeating this charge, and this campaign, what it apparently regarded known. time accusing the New Deal of the deter­ then, and I suppose still does, as the At any rate, here are the facts as developed mination to unnecessarily retain soldiers paramount issue of the campaign, I did by the Democratic gestapo agents, alarmed in the Army after the war. Within just not take it very seriously. I scarcely by this totalitarian manifestation of Repub­ a few days prior to that first statement lican aims : the acting chairman of the Military Af­ thought it consequential. But I am de­ A few days ago a young father, a Democrat, lighted to say to my good friends on the a Federal office-holder, a bureaucrat, per­ fairs Committee of the Senate and the other side of the aisle that they have haps, reported to Democratic headquarters chairman of the Military Atiairs Com­ finally and entirely converted me and that his 18-rnonth-old daughter was going mittee of the House had given press in­ caused me to thoroughly agree with about the t.ouse, muttering sotto voce, terviews in which they referred to the their position that this really is the "Dooey, Dooey, Dooey, Dooey." This was plans for demobilization which they said prime and paramount issue in this cam­ bad enough, but worse was yet to come. Not · were proceeding apace, and stated that paign, an issue which deserves the care­ satisfied with having apparently captured the the War Department would give out de­ year-and-a-half old sweepstakes, the Dewey­ tails the following day at noon, which ful consideration of every · American Dulles outfit has gone further, and now an voter-hence my discussion of it. I re­ editor, a lifelong Democrat, an ardent Roose­ occurred. Every other comment on this fer, of course, to the issue of the natural velt supporter, alleges that his 5-month-old phase I have read or heard has been irresponsibility of inexperienced youth, grandson, who bears his name,. has been favorable. Not only that, but as early versus the alleged weariness of tired old heard to offer a modified version of the same as June 12 Justice Byrnes had made age. Now, as I say, only recent develop­ mumbling treason, namely, "Dooey, Dooey." this statement: ments have succeeded in converting me So far neither has been heard trafficking with Our fighting men are entitled to first con­ to agreement with that position. These the sacred name of l)ulles. sideration in any plan of demobilization•

. I 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7737 Their orderly release at the earliest possible who has worn that insignia longer than is retained in power." No; it is not help­ moment consistent with the effective prose­ any American, I believe, a man who has ful to morale to attempt to make sol­ cution of the war- created this Army, transported it to diers believe they are being mistreated I repeat- foreign soil, has successfully fought it, by their superiors and any effort to do so Their orderly release at the earliest pos­ is successfully fighting it today and will while our country is at war, whether re­ sible moment consistent with the effective continue to do so until victory crowns our sponsible or irresponsible, is damnable prosecution of the war has ever been the efforts on every battlefield, and our flag conduct. In fact, were it responsible it primary consideration of both the President waves supreme. He is a tired old man would be treasonable. He certainly did and the Joint Chiefs of Staff- who is several years older than President not contribute toward expediting our Which, of course, includes General Roosevelt. Then, there is Justice Byrnes war with Japan. While he did not say Marshall. who served 14 years in this body, 10 that the troops would be demobilized at Now, did our distinguished young ir­ years in the other, 1 on the Supreme the end of the European war but indi­ respons1ble friend base his remark on Court, 2 as Stabilization and Mobiliza­ cated that troops would be retained for what those gentlemen said? Every one -tion Director, and who is frequently the Japanese effort, his reference to vol­ of them has some responsibility for de­ referred to as "assistant" President. untary soldiers and the difference in mobilization directly. or indirectly. No. Despite his closeness to the President language will most probably cause Japan They are all suffering from the weariness and natural familiarity with what is to misunderstand. Her only hope, just of tired old age and consequently, de­ occurring and the intentions of the ad­ as Hitler's only hope for some time has :;pite their competence to discuss that ministration, he is a tired old man, been, is the ridiculous possibility of con­ subject, despite their connection with it, several years the President's senior. tinuing this war sufficiently to wear us and despite the fact that they are all Governor-Dewey waved aside what all of out and enjoy some kind of negotiated parts of this administration and Demo­ these gentlemen, who are so peculiarly peace. As I say, he did not so state, but crats, he waved aside what they said­ competent to ctiscuss the matter, say and I am afraid Japan will construe his re­ and I charge him with the responsibility ·charged the administration with this marks to mean that if he is elected Presi­ of knowing what they said because even terrible, yes this unconscionable charge dent all soldiers who wish to may come though he .may not have time to read .when all the facts are considered, because home. I say to you that he contributed the papers he certainly has people of what General Hershey said. nothing toward the war effort and cer­ around him who are doing so and re­ · I did not know until this occurred what tainly saved no American. lives by en- porting to him, people hke his ghost General Hershey's politics are, just as ·I . couraging Japan to carry on. writers, clipping ·services, and so forth. -do not know and do not care whether . But worse than either of those, if any­ He waved aside what those gentlemen -Generals Eisenhower, Bradley, Patton, thing could be worse, was his deliberate said because they were tired old men, I Hodges, Patch, and Admirals King, Nim­ effort to mislead the people of America suppose, and he picked up what a junior itz, and Halsey are Democrats or Repub­ .in view of my charge that he is charged major general said; who, though not so -licans, they are all doing magnificent .with the responsibility of knowing what young as he is, not as old as any ·of the jobs on which I heartily congratulate ·those tired old men said, and particularly gentlemen to whom I have refered, and . each of them. I did not know o·r care .to play on the heartstrings of the sad who is, therefore, comparatively another because as you are all well aware, this and lonely mothers throughout this land, irresponsible youth, General Hershey, administration has very properly and every one of whom naturally is quite whose sole duty is to bring men into the commendably been determined that the anxious for her son to return as soon as Army and who has no responsibility war effort profit by the use of the ablest possible, consistent with the war effort. whatever for demobilizing them. While brains in this country whether Demo­ I say to you that in making that state­ an Army officer, his organization is not cratic or Republican. This is evidenced ment he was deliberately playing on the a part of the Army. by the fact that the War Department heartstrings of every · one of those Mr. ELSTON of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, has been ably presided over throughout mothers for political purposes, which will the gentleman yield? the war by a great former Republican would have been quite unbecoming of one Mr. JARMAN. I shall be pleased to Secretary of State, and it is unfortunate in his position even had it been true. yield to my distinguished friend when I indeed that the world did not take the Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, get through. He observes that I am advice he gave relative to the Japanese will the gentleman yield? speaking extemporaneously and I have situation while serving in that capacity Mr. JARMAN. I will gladly do so just only 20 minutes. in 1931. By the way, he is another tired a~ soon as I have finished my statement. Mr. ELSTON of Ohio. I want to an­ old man. Secretary Stimson is with one Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I just wonder swer right there a point the gentleman is exception more than 10 years older than who was playing on whose heartstrings making. any of these weary old men I have men­ when he said "I promise again and again Mr. JARMAN. I beg the gentleman's tioned and is still going very strong. and again." pardon. · Another outstanding illustration. until Mr. JARMAN. Since the gentleman Mr. ELSTON of Ohio. I wish to answer his unfortunate and untimely passing inquires about the President's repeated the point the gentleman is making right w~at able and charming gentleman, promise not to send our boy.s to foreign at the place he is making it. Hon. Frank Knox, recently a candidate wars, I cannot refrain from calling his Mr. JARMAN. I shall be pleased to for the Vice Presidency on the Republi­ attention to the fact that since Pearl have the gentleman answer it when I can ticket, who presided over the naval Harbor this has not been a foreign war, finish. The gentleman knows my fond­ affairs of this ~untry and who was older and from saying to the patriotic citizen ness for him. He knows I am speaking than any of 'the tired old gentlemen I know him to b~. that had he made that extemporaneously. I do not, of course, whose appropriate statements Governor statement "again and again and again," know how much time I will need. I hope Dewey spurned. and had he been President when that the gentleman will answer it when I am So, as I stated, I did not know what dastardly attack occurred at Pearl Har­ through. General Hershey's politics were, but the bor, I know that he would have done just Mr. Speaker, here are these tired old papers now tell us that he is a Repub­ exactly what President Roosevelt and this men: Senator THOMAS is serving his lican. He is the comparatively irrespon­ Congress did. In fact, if he was present, twelfth year in the other body, the gen­ sible youth whom Governor Dewey in as he generally is, he so voted. tleman from Kentucky, Chairman MAY, his natural irresponsibility quotes, de­ Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, his fourteenth year here; during about liberately waving aside correct informa­ may I answer that? half of which he has served as chair­ tion from competent men who deal with Mr. JARMAN. I have answered the man of the all-important and quite this matter and who are responsible gentleman's question. I will be glad to germane Military Affairs Committee. therefor. When he did that, what did yield further after I finish. General Marshall, of whom my colleague he do? He did not help one particle the I charge that in deliberately wav­ from Alabama spoke so complimentarily morale of our troops on the battlefield or ing aside responsible testimony, even a while ago, with every word of which I elsewhere by telling them they should though it was from tired old men, and thoroughly agree, one of the greatest, come home and, "If I am elected Presi­ picking up this irresponsible testimony­ if not the greatest, Chiefs of Staff the dent I am going to return you home because it was from a man who has no Army has ever had, a four-star general sooner than this administration will if it r~sponsibility in the matter-that one of 7738 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE SEPTEMBER 13 three things was true. Governor Dewey know as well as anybody in the Army or small village like Munich, in Cavalier was guilty of one of three errors, either the Navy what those plans are? County, with a population of 200, has of which is unpardonable by a man in Mr. JARMAN. I absolutely disagree bank deposits exceeding $2,000,000, you .his position. He was either criticizing with the gentleman that he is in posi­ can readily understand a _change has something and promising to remedy that tion to know as well as anybody in the taken place. of which he knew absolutely nothing, Army or the Navy what those plans are. In my judgment, the day is not far off it resulted from the natural irresponsi­ Mr. ELSTON of Ohio. The testimony when conditions will turn for the worse bility of inexperienced youth which before our committee yesterday was that again. The cycle of good crop years will caused him to be unable to evaluate the he did serve with the Army and the Navy not· always last, and when we emerge information, or it was, as I said, this in tqe preparation of those plans. from this war and the millions return deliberate effort to play on the heart­ Mr. JARMAN. Does the gentleman from the factories and the battlefields, strings of the mothers of this country. mean to express the opinion that General t:Qere is grave doubt whether this Nation I am frank to say, despite the fact Hershey is more familiar with those will have jobs enough to go around. that Governor Dewey has decreased my plans and more competent on that sub­ This Congress is planning now to a void regard for him considerably during this ject than General Marshall? a situation where we shall again have tour, I still am unable to, and I will not, Mr. ELSTON of Ohio. General Mar­ 15,000,000 jobless; private industry is believe that a man who has been nomi­ shall did not serve on the committee. working feverishly to shape itself to nated for the Presidency by one of our What I am saying is that General Her­ handle the problem, but I fear that the great parties would intentionally stoop shey, having sat with the Army and the Government and private business, work­ so low as to play on the heartstrings of Navy officials in the preparation of de­ ing together, cannot accomplish the full the sad and lonely mothers of America mobilization plans, was in a position to job without much hardship and perhaps in order to gain votes. Consequently, I know what he was talking about when suffering on the part of the people. want to believe, and do believe, that it he made that statement. The gentle­ LABOR was one of those first two, either absolute man is not correct in saying that his only ignorance of a matter with knowledge function is to see that meh get into the Our system of free enterprise presup­ of which he was charged by reason of Army and has nothing to do with de­ poses that capital and labor shall be his position or the natural irresponsi­ mobilization. partners in a common effort. When the bility of his youth. Let us compare the Mr. JARMAN. Was he serving on that system works to the advantage of each, reactions of tired old age and inexperi­ committee in his capacity as Director phenomenal results are accomplished. enced youth. Tired old age, or alleged of Selective Service? And does the Se­ When, for any reason, capital refuses to old age in the person of the President, lective Service Director shoulder any re­ cooperate in this joint enterprise, and ~ absolutely annihilated that charge in sponsibility whatever for demobilization? the benefits are lopsided and unjustly four words as positively and as effec­ · The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time distributed, leaving labor a scant sub­ tively as I have ever heard any state­ of the gentleman from Alabama has ex­ sistence, trouble starts. In this war we ment annihilated. When the reporter pired. Under a previous order of the have had an example of the two forces, queried him in reference to what Gen­ House, the gentleman from North Da­ labor and capital, working pretty much eral Hershey said, he simply replied, "Is kota [Mr. BURDICK] is recognized for 30 in harmony. There have been a few that his job?" minutes. strikes, but considering the total man­ For further comparison let us observe hours of employment, these cases have the reaction of· irresponsible youth to A REVIEW OF SOME OF OUR NATIONAL been negligible. that remark. When the reporter asked ISSUES Members of organized labor have this irresponsible young candidate what Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Speaker, I desire struggled for half a century to make he thought of the President's remark, to present to this House a short review their calling honorable, to make the wage he said, "I will let you draw your own of the developments in our national life adequate to provide a decent standard conclusion as to the inadequacy of the which I consider of the highest impor­ of living for the worker and his family, comment." And I am perfectly willing tance. At the same time I want to point and more is to be accomplished. When, for you, my colleagues, and for the peo­ out what this Congress has done and can because of a few strikes during this war, ple of America to draw their own con­ do to restore normal conditions after two there arose the threat that labor would clusions from this one illustration of the World Wars. It is impossible in the be stripped of all its hard-won gains, I irresponsibility of youth, which can and time allotted to me to make this a de­ established my position on two conclu­ will be multiplied hundreds of times tailed presentation. I shall only attempt sions: First, the strikes developed be­ before this call).paign concludes. to draw a general outline of the situa­ cause the workers could not make their I am perfectly willing for the world to tion from the perspective of my 10 years' wages cover the increase in the cost of draw its own conclusions whether the service here in the House of Representa­ living .. Second, there were no disputes man who indulged in this great error­ tives. that could not be settled in an orderly and that is the most charitable way in A POOR MAN'S CONGRESSMAN way. which it can be referred to-is competent During 6 years of my service here in All of these disputes can be and are to serve our Nation as its President and the House my time was devoted almost being adjusted and settled in an orderly preside over the destinies of 133,000,000 exclusively to relief problems in North way. The' almost unbelievable accom­ people during the most critical period. Dakota and the Nation. I was a poor plishments in our war preparation have with which we have ever been con­ man's Congressman. Xhe people of conclusively demonstrated that our sys­ fronted; and that will, I fear, be true North Dakota had to eat, and it was nec­ tem of free enterprise is inferior to no whether 1 month, 1 year, 2 years, or 5 essary to establish work programs and, other system, and that it is possible to of the next administration be those of · in thousands of cases, direct grants. In maintain a fair and just balance between peace or war. some of the western counties, as many as capital and labor. Obviously this bal­ Mr. ELSTON of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, 60 percent of the farmers were on some ance cannot be held if organized labor will the gentleman yield? kind of relief. Providing necessary feed is stripped of all of its gains over the Mr. JARMAN. I now gladly yield to and seed was another part of this poor past half century and is compelled to my good friend the able and distin­ man's program; combating grasshopper refrain from seeking further reforms. guished gentleman from Ohio. in,festation was another; the conserva­ OLD-AGE SECURrrY Mr. ELSTON of Ohio. The gentleman tion of water was another; the support No one in Congress, during the past has spoken.on the assumption that Gen­ prices for agriculture was another. 10 years, has been more interested in eral Hershey's only job is to take men The picture is now somewhat changed. bringing about adequate old-age security. into the Army and has nothing to do with Those people who were once poor are I have addressed the House time after demobilization. Is the gentleman not now gn their feet. Ins.tead of having a time on the subject and have never aware of the fact that General Hershey bundle of unpaid notes and tax notices, slacked in my efforts to have enacted an served with the Army and the Navy in these ·same folks have no outstanding adequate old-age pension system. the preparation of all plans for partial notes or delinquent taxes, but instead The first old-age security measure was demobilization, and is in a position to they have cash in the bank. When a passed by Congress because of the pres- •

1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7739

~ure brought by the Townsend organiza­ Thousands of farm families had been field of coal. But it will be impossible tions. While the first act was nothing put out by foreclosure and had moved for those WhO read the CONGRESSIONAL but an abject dole measure, it was a be­ to the small towns and cities. They RECORD to find where these same .candi­ ginning. The Townsend pressure still were skilled in farming and nothing else. dates ever said anything about the sub­ continues and will continue until a just Many thousands of these families were ject until after others had been working and honorable bill is enacted. After this on relief grants, which cost the Govern­ on the matter for a period of over a year. war it will be one of the miracles of the ment on the average $750 per family The first processing plant will start age if we do not go down in another de­ a year. Something had to_be done to its machinery in operation before there pression, and the enactment of the Town­ give them a chance to help themselves. is another election in North Dakota. My send bill will do more to avoid this plunge The Farm Se~urity Administration was record on this whole matter may be than any bill yet before Congress. I can set up. A lot of people fought this found in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: Au­ see some of you smile as I say this, but organization, but in my judgment it gust 20, 1942; January 12, 1943; April 7, it is only because you do not understand offered the only means of putting these 1943. the bill. families back on their feet. The follow­ INDIAN CLAIMS THE FARM PROGRAM ing figures show how the program worked That the Indians of the United States A great many people, including some out in North Dakota: have just claims against the Govern­ of my personal friends, were under the Loans were made to 39,361 North ment for millions of dollars, no informed impression that I have been a little too Dakota farmers who were unable to se­ person denies. For 150 years we have willing to support the farm program of · cure credit elsewhere, and a total of made solemn treaties with the Indians, the administration. My reasons for so $16,572,14:9 has been loaned in ·the ·in which.the Indians gave up title to their doing are best told by referring to the State. The farmers were helped to start lands on the express promise of payment over again and today they are on their by the Government. Time has worn following tables: feet. Over 85 percent of the principal away year after year and still the Indians Table I of these loans has been paid. In addi­ have not been paid. A few .examples of Price of wheat in 1932, per busheL ___ $0. 36 tion to that, 363 farmers purchased land this situation can be found in North Price of hogs in 1932, per 100 pounds__ 2. 65 outright, and to date 100 percent of the Dakota. Price of cattle in 1932, per 100 pounds__ 3. 30 . In 1868 we made a tre.aty with the Price of corn in 1932, per busheL._-- . 27 maturities have been paid. Price of barley in 1932, per builheL___ .14 Moreover, these farmers in the Farm Sioux at Fort Rice, in which the Indians Security Administration program have gave up title to their lands east of the Table II made an outstanding record in the pro­ Missouri River, except actual reservation Average price 1935-39: duction of food during this war. ·The lands, and in return it was agreed that HogsVVheat------______$0.837.36 increased production in 1943 over that the Black Hills and all country west of the Missouri River to the Rocky Moun­ Cattle------5. 80 of 1942 is shown by the following table: Corn______. '57 Percent tains was to be and remain Indian coun­ Barley------. 37 increase try where the Indian could live unmo­ Production of hogs______89 lested. Wheat increased 47 cents per bushel. Production of cattle______71 In 1874 General Custer's expedition to Hogs increased $4.71 per 100 pounds. Production of sheep ______106 Cattle increased $2.50 per 100 pounds. the Black Hills established definitely that Production of milk______15 there was gold in the Black Hills. This Corn increased, 30 cent s per bushel. Production of chickens______80 Barley increased 23 cents per bushel. information caused a grand stampede to Production of eggs______45 . the Black Hills and thousands . of pros­ Table III The following table shows that this pectors swarmed into the Hills to chase The 1943 level of prices: VVheat, ·per busheL ______$1. 31 production was extensive and important: the rainbow of gold. That the country Hogs, per 100 pounds ______12. 90 Sold by F. S. A. clients in 1943: was Sioux country as established in the Cattle, per 100 pounds ______10. 00 Hogs (pounds)------10, 888, 157 treaty of 1868 no one denied-not even Corn, per busheL______. 93 Cattie (pounds)------19, 094,236 the Government. The gold was taken Barley, per busheL------. 96 Sh eep (pounds)------2, 907,552 and finally the land was taken, in viola- • Milk (gallons)------17, 619, 691 tion of the treaty, and to this day the When I came to Congress the situa­ Chickens (pounds)------1, 227, 654 Sioux have not been paid a dim~ for their tion in respect to farm prices was disas­ Eggs (dozen)------1,692,665 gold or a nickel for their land. The claim trous. The McNary-Haugen bill had Does anyone think- this Congress was is still pending. been passed and vetoed twice. Prices wrong in making it possible for farmers The Sioux Sisseton-Wahpeton claim, had fallen to the confiscatory. See Ta­ who were down and out to produce not the Fort Berthold Indian claim, and the ble I set forth above. Foreclosures and only food for themselves but to supply Turtle Mountain Band of Chippewas dispossessions were rampant through this country ·in its hour of need a vast claim, all present the same situation. the whole farm belt. quantity of food products, and in the Since I have been in Congress, I have Under these facts should I have not process to pay off their indebtedness? given attention to these just claims and been willing and ready to try any plan The CONGRESSIONAL RECORD shOWS my have tried to have jurisdictional bills to bring prices up? For supporting this stand on this matter and I have nothing passed to permit these claims to be heard program I have no excuses to offer and to excuse or explain. No one, not even and settled, and each time the Court of would take like action again under like the most arrogant reactionary in the Claims has in one way 11r another avoided circumstances. whole country will complain against this a head-on decision in the matter. Four The program resulted in buying power agency when he knows what has been years ago I presented or caused to be for the farmers 450 percent greater than accomplished. presented to the two major parties a it was in 1932. DEVELOPMENT OF OUR VfST LIGNITE RESOURCES plank in respect to settling all Indian In 1932 farm foreclosures took 63.3 out claims. The Republicans adopted the .of every thousand farms; and now the The lack of strategic war materials plank and the Democrats adopted one figure stands at a loss of only 8 farms has focused the attention of the whole that went further than the one I pre­ per thousand. country on the huge lignite coal deposits sented. Yet neither party has made any Who wants to return to 32-cent wheat in North Dakota. That this coal con­ move to redeem these pledges. I took and 14-cent barley? Who wants to re­ tains limitless quantities of oil, rubber, · the pledges seriously and introduced a turn to the days when 63 out of every plastics, and explosives, has definitely Claims Commission bill which, if adopted thousand farms were foreclosed? been demonstrated by the Bureau of would be the means of gathering up all During my first 6 years' service in the Mines. Fully a year before anyone else these claims in a period of 5 years and House, the Congress was confronted with presented these possibilities to the Con­ settling them for good on the ground not only taking action to increase farm gress, I presented the whole situation in of justice and equity. But the bill will prices, stop foreclosures, assist farmers two speeches on the floor of the House. not be passed by this Congress. to obtain feed and seed and grasshopper Now practically every candidate in the Mr. MURDOCK. Mr. Speaker, will poison, but there was a more serious job United States claims the credit for bring­ the gentleman yield? to undertake. ing about the development of this vast Mr. BURDICK. I yield. 7740 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE SEPTEMBER ·13 Mr. MURDOCK. I have been a mem­ could buy. An amendment was then­ guns until the peace treaty is written and ber of the Committee on Indian Affairs written into the bill providing that when signed. ' · since I have been a Member of Congress. these goods were ofiered· for sale they The gentleman addressing us has also should be sold in small units. As the RECONVERSION FROM WAR PRODUCTION TO been a member of this committee. I bill was passed by the House, any quan­ PEACETIME PRODUCTION wish to congratulate the gentleman froin tity of goods which the small business­ On this measure which is still in con­ North Dakota on his good influence and man needs can be purchased at the same ference and not finally passed, I ad­ approve -his courageous stand in the de­ price as a large concern taking 100 times dressed the House on two occasions-see liberations of that committee; and I wish as much wo~uld have to pay. the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for August 24 to say to the Nation, and particularly to This bill is now in conference and the and August 31. his constituents, that there has been no House conferees have insisted that the This bill falls far short of accomplish­ more ardent champion of the rights of sale of barbed wire, tools, and all other ing full employment after the war ends. the aboriginal Americans than the gen­ accessories be sold in small units so that It seeks to provide security for war work­ tleman from North Dakota. I appreci­ a few large concerns could not buy the ers when they lose their jobs by paying ate the fairness and the boldness with whole lot in one bid. them a weekly salary for 6 months after which he has championed their cause, The sale of this material will not the plant closes. The rate of pay was based upon an intimate knowledge of greatly interfere with our normal pro­ left to each State. their situation. duction, as the amount involved covers I do not think this measure creates a Mr. BURDICK. Under the circum­ less than 2 months of actual sales un­ single job. It provides pay for no jobs. stances I shall have to thank the gentle­ der normal conditions. Probably the It provides the worker a period of time in man for his contribution. As far as I most important thing about this bill is which he may find another job. But the person~lly am concerned I introduced a that the materials will be available to bill does not create jobs; it merely pays bill in this House to provide for a claims small business concerns throughout the those who have no jobs. commission to round up all these Indian country, and that the small businessman I am not an alarmist, or a defeatist, claims and finally settle them, but there will also be limited in the price he asks. but I cannot quite forget the period fol­ the bill remains. The result is that when this bill is passed, lowing World War No. 1. Millions will be Mr. DICKSTEIN. . Mr. Speaker, will it will make all of this material available coming back from .war plants and the the gentleman yield at that point? to the farmers and other consumers, in armed ~rvices. They will not be look­ Mr. BURDICK. I yield to my col­ a fair open market, at fair and reason­ ing for pay for doing nothing, but they league from New York. able retail prices. For further informa­ will be looking for an actual job. Mr. DICKSTEIN. I, too, happen to be tion, see my speech above referred to. I believe that men in private industry a member of the Committee on Indian WILL WE INSIST ~ON THE RIGHT PRINCIPLES OF should be given every-encouragement to Affairs and fully agree with what our PEACE WITH THE GERMAN PEOPLE? expand their business and take on labor,' colleague the gentleman from Arizona It is of great importance to the world but at the same time I believe that this has said. Let me ask the gentleman, what kind of peace is made _with Ger­ Government should have a plan in mind however, if the investigating committee many. The idea that Germany as a na­ designed to supplement private industry created by the House was not directed tion must be crushed is the wrong ap­ in the huge undertaking of reemploying to study this entire question with a view proach to a lasting peace. That the mili­ millions who will be looking for work. to making some disposition of all these tary aggressors of Germany must be Following the first war we had no such claims and also study the question of crushed is an entirely different thmg. plan, 'but as the jobless reached 10,000,000 allowing the Indians free movement in Along with our allies, we may have to do and soared up to 15,000,000, we franti­ the country such as other citizens enjoy? a lot of this crushing, but finally Ger­ cally worked to provide jobs overnight. Mr. BURDICK. I think that may have many herself will complete the job. The The result was that W. P. A. was set· tip been the primary intent. German nation has the .right to live and and the work attempted was in many Mr. DICKSTEIN. That was my pur­ cases wor)F of no Iastiz:tg value. Any­ pose in supporting it. survive and any peace that does not give her this chance will breed another war. thing had to do when we had no plans. Mr. BURDICK. We have had these The people who make up Germany must This time we should be ready with a defi­ investigating committees operating since nite works program. Public roads, pub­ 1787 when this Government came into be given an opportunity to shape a gov­ being. i recall one report consisting of ernment of their own and our interest in lic buildings, airports, repair of houses, 32 volumes of an investigating commit­ the matter is to see that such a govern­ electric lines, dams, irrigation systems, ment confines itself to Germany and does farm labor, educational assistance for tee on the question of Indian affairs. not again become an aggressor. Only those who have missed training because The volumes ~re filed, the Members have of the war, all present needful labor access to them, but 12 years have gone -when the evidence of aggression becomes by and nothing has been done about that apparent are we concerned. · of a permanent nature. report and, in my judgment, nothing If Germany as a nation is given a In addition to that we must be sure will be done on the present report when chance to become a law-abiding nation that our money circulates and does not it is made. among the nations of the world, there is become hidden away in vaults, thus stop­ not much doubt but what she will pursue ping development. As I pointed out in SURPLUS WAR MATERIAL a course of action .that will not interfere my speech of August 24, no better recov­ When the surplus war property bill with her neighbors. This means, of ery program has been presented before came before the House on August 15, course, that the German people must be Congress than the Townsend recovery 1944, I made an address on the floor dis­ given a clear open chance to work out plan. We should be ready with this bill cussing this bill-see CONGRESSIONAL REC­ their own internal difficulties, and to when the war ends, so that we can make ORD for August 15, 1944. In that speech trade on equal terms with other nations it impossible for money to hide itself and I pointed out that the Army and the and have the same opportunity to be­ withdraw the blood from our financial Navy would have for disposal, after peace come a respected nation as we ourselves system. Congress must take the blame was established, approximately $6,000,- have. In my judgment, if this is kept if we are forced into another disastrous 000,000 worth of property, consisting of in mind at the peace table, we can look depression. The record is that Congress aluminum, copper, steel, zinc, rope, lum­ forward to peace in Europe as far as turned down an appropriation for na­ ber, wire, nails, tools, trucks, jeeps, other Germany is concerned. tional planning and the House refuses motor vehicles, clothing, shoes, blankets, . The philosophy of crushing Germany to debate the Townsend Act . bedding, kitchen utensils, and so forth. as a nation should be abandoned if we Mr. MURDOCK. Will the gentleman The bill contained this provision: are actually looking for a durable peace. yield? To afford smaller business concerns, farm­ This time we must take just as im­ Mr. BURDICK. I yield to the gentle­ ers, and agricult ural enterprises, generally, portant a part in the writing of the peace man from Arizona. ttfi opportunit y to acquire surplus property on equal_ terms with large competitors. as we did in the actual fighting. Last Mr. MURDOCK. We have been giving time we packed up and came home and our attention to planniP-g, of course, first This did not satisfy small buyers, be­ let others write the peace terms, and they things first, as we say. We have now en­ cause the amounts cflued might be more were the forerunner of this war. We acted a statute in reference to the termi­ than c: $lma1f concern or an individual should stay on the job with our men and nation of war cont1racts. Two other 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7741 measures are on the way, now in con­ covery program that will keep this money Mr. BURDICK. May I say to the gen­ ference, one to dispose of surplus war circulating. You now object to a tax of tleman from Mississippi that I was on property and the other having to do with 3 percent. Suppose I am a storekeeper. the farmers' receiving end in that situ­ demobilization. I agree with gentlemen What difference does it make to me when ation. The Federal Reserve Board met that those things come first. I am doing business if I pay a tax? I here on May 16, 1920, and put this thing However, the gentleman has hit cannot pay any tax at all if I cannot sell into opere.tion. At that time I had a squarely upon a very important thing goods. large number of sheep that were worth and that is that we have not yet planned Mr. COFFEE. Mr. Speaker, will the on the average of $8 :PP.r bead. The as we must, to take care of the ten, gentleman yield? local bank said to me, "You h::we to pay twelve, or fifteen million additional Mr. BURDICK. I yield. up." I said, "What for?" "Well, the workers that we are going to have at Mr. COFFEE. May I ask the distin­ Federal Reserve bank has demanded a the close of hostilities. We must not guished gentleman if I am correctly in­ pay-up system. We have to pay up and leave this to chance as was done before. formed that he is not going to be with you have to pay up." I said, "The only I want private employers to give them an us for the next 2 years? way I can pay up is to sell the sheep." opportunity for employment, but it is Mr. BURDICK. That all depends on They said, "Well, sell them." the duty of the Government to _plan what the people decide on election day. So I started to sell, and my neighbor wisely to take up the slack. Encourage Mr. COFFEE. Is the gentleman still started to sell. Everybody sold. In industry, yes! Along with that the Gov­ a candidate? about 2 weeks, do you know what we ernment can match our buying power Mr. BURDICK. Like the Missouri were getting for our sheep when every­ with our marvelous ability to produce by River, I am always running. body had to sell? I was getting 50 cents the right kind of legislation. Mr. COFFEE. That is all I wanted to apiece for them. Mr. BURDICK. The gentleman is find out. I am very much gratified to There was a story circulated in this precisely right. receive that information. Congress and it came right from my Mr. VOORHIS of California. Will the Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, will the . country, where one farmer sent down a gentleman yield? gentleman yield? load of sheep and the price he received Mr. BURDICK. I yield to the gentle­ Mr. BURDICK. I yield. did not pay the freight. They sent him man from California. Mr. RANKIN. I just want to say to back a letter saying he owed $18. He Mr. VOORHIS of California. I want the gentleman from North Dakota [Mr. was a good farmer-we are all good farm­ to thank the gentleman for what he has BuRDICK] that the depression after the ers, we are real sports-and he said, "I said and I would like to ask him if he will last war, and also the depression of 1929, am sorry that you are behind on the agree with me about the following re­ was caused by the Federal Reserve Sys­ proposition. I haven't any money, but mark. I rather think he will. That is, tem contracting the currency and retir­ 'I can send you another load of sheep." the crux of our problem lies in maintain­ ing the Federal Reserve notes that are, to The SPEAKER pro tempore. The ing in ciraulation in this country a buying all intents and purposes, money. in this time of the gentleman from North power that is in line with our power to country, being legal tender for all pur­ Dakota has expired. produce; that in order to accomplish this poses. If the Congress wants to prevent Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask one of the essential things we have got a depression after this war it can do it unanimous consent that the gentleman to have is the divorcement of the supply by passing a law to prevent the retiring be permitted to proceed for 10 additional of money from an increase in the public of these Federal Reserve notes. In 1920 minutes. debt in order that we can have Congress we had $5,698,000,000 in circulation, or The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there exerciss its constitutional prerogative in $53.21 per capita, but a short time after objection to the request of the gentle­ that field. the war closed, you will remember, the man from Mississippi? Mr. BURDICK. I think the gentleman Governor of the Federal Reserve Board, There was no objection. is correct on that. May I say-and you Mr. W. P. G. Harding, raised the redis­ Mr. RANKIN. In that connection, it are going to smile when I say it, and so count rate, called the loans, and reduced is well known that prices in a free econ­ far as I am concern.ed, you can smile, the per capita circulation below $30. omy are governed by two things, the for I have had that happen before-! That brought on the panic of 1920. volume of the Nation's currency multi­ think the one outstanding bill which will In 1929 the same crowd of financial plied by the velocity of its circulation. do more to cause circulation of money highbinders brought about a reduction If the Federal Reserve banks, or the among the people of the Nation is the of the currency by retiring Federal Re­ Federal Reserve Board, undertake to Townsend recovery plan. serve notes, and again reduced the withdraw these Federal Reserve notes, When you circulate this money every amount of money in circulation per which are legal tender in this country, month down to the grass roots, where capita below $30. In 1920 we had $53.21 if they attempt to withdraw them from the people live, by the time it flows per capita in circulation. Today we circulation, then Congress should take ~ave around tr~rough the circulation of our have $164.34 per capita in circulation. this gold we buried in the ground national system and finally gets back At that time we had $5,698,000,000 in in Kentucky and set aside a sufficient into the vaults and is shut up and taken circulation. Today we have $22,699,- amount of it, and issue currency against out of circulation, an equal amount is 000,000 in circulation. If we permit it, dollar for dollar for every dollar of turned loose at the grass roots again. those same selfish financial interests to these Federal Reserve notes that are Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. retire those Federal Reserve notes­ taken out of circulation. In that way Speaker, will the gentleman yield? greenbaclcs, if you please-when this we can prevent another depression such war is over and reduce the circulating as the gentleman from North Dakota Mr. BURDICK. I yield. medium, we are going to have another described a little while ago. Mr. VOORHIS of California. May I depression the like of which probably I saw Mr. Kincaid, of Nebraska, an old say that I am not one of those who the Nation never saw. If the Congress man who had served faithfully here, smile. It seems clear and obvious that of the United States and the adminis­ walking around the House Office Build­ with the power to purchase which has tration want to prevent a depression ing in 1921. I said, "Judge, what is the been developed in this country during after this war, the way to do it is to matter?" He said, "Corn in Nebraska is the war, and the fact that we have a freeze the amount of money in circula­ down to 17 cents a bushel; it is so cheap full home market for what we can pro­ tion the day the war closes and not that people are burning it in their stoves duce, that the necessity of a national permit them to retire those notes from instead of coal.'' old-age pension system should be ap­ circulation. That will hold up prices It was for no reason on earth except parent as the most just, fair, and rea­ generally and allow farm prices to bal­ the contraction of the currency by the sonable way to maintain that circulation ance up to industrial prices. Then we Federal Reserve System. of buying power. will have prosperity for the next 10 or I am making. this statement now be­ Mr. BURDICK. I thank the gentle­ 20 or probably for the next 50 years. cause I expect to press it. If Congress man. May I say further that this recov­ Mr. BURDICK. I do not agree with wants to prevent a depression after this ery plan is not simply one for the pro­ the gentleman on everything, but he is war, it can do so. 'Ve can have pros­ tection of the aged alone, although that as sound as granite on this question. perity, as I said, for 20, 50, or 100 years would be a very worthy accomplishment Mr. RANKIN. ,The gentleman agrees · after this war closes if the Congress will of this Congre~s. but it is a national re- with me on most things. do its duty. 7742 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE SEPTEMBER 13 Mr. BURDICK. I do not think any­ The SPEAKER pro temporet Under in the strength of our democratic way of one in this Congress could state the previous order of the ~~ase, the gentle­ life. situation any better than the gentleman man from New York [Mr. DICKSTEIN] is Mr. BURDICK. Mr. Speaker·, will the from Mississippi. recog;!::&~~ed for 15 minutes. gentleman yield? Mr. RANKIN. I thank the ger_ tlem~m THE WAR IS BEING WON BY AMERICANS Mr. DICKS'I'EIN. I yield. from North Dakota. OF ALL RELIGIONS Mr. BURDICK. Was not the sub­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. ~r. stance of your proposed resolution con­ Speaker! 1:-;ili the gentleman yield? Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask tained in the Declaration of Independ­ Mr. BURDICK. I yield to the gentle­ unanimous consent to revise and extend ence, as written by Mr. Jefferson? man from California. my remarks and to insert therewith cer­ Mr. DICKSTEIN. Yes; in other form Mr. VOORHIS of California. I agree tain excerpts from newspapers and and language. Yes; it is one of the old­ with what the gentleman from Mis­ books. est and .most basic tenets of our form sissippi has said, but I go this one step The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there of government. further. I think we are going to have objection to the request of the gentle­ Now, I have no quarrel with any man a fight to prevent deflation after this man from New York. or any woman or any Member of this war. I think there are going to be pow­ There was no objection. House. I feel that every man and erful forces that are going to actually Mr. DICKSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, I am woman should have an equal opportu­ want a deflation. However, it is not go­ very grateful and I know every Mem­ nity. When our boys come home, when ing to be enough for us simply to take ber is, for our great success in the war. they take off their uniforms, wheth::;r measures to try to maintain an active We are winning the war on every front. they be Catholics, Protestants, or Jews, circulation of cash money. As the gen­ The war is being won by Americans. The I want them to come back to their homes tleman well knows, we are dependent for boys are not fighting as Catholics or knowing that they are all Americans, the bulk of our circulating medium upon Protestants or Jews. They are fighting with equal rights. bank credit created by the banks. as Americans, American soldiers. No Some years ago I pointed out to this Mr. BURDICK. That is right. religion and no creed can take any par­ Congress and to the American people Mr. VOORHIS of California. That ticular or special credit while this fight that there were 110 or 120 organizations ma-ney can be taken out of circulation is going on. At the same time while in this country, financed by certain sin­ and destroyed by the banks simply by there is complete unity of purpose on the ister groups, who were spreading all their refuifll to renew loans or to make battlefield there does not seem to be as forms of hate, intolerance, and bigotry; loans. At the present time, therefore, much harmony on the home front. who were seeking to array Jew against for our medium of exchange we are de-: There are still a number of groups who Catholic or Catholic against Protestant. pendent upon the willingness of banks are seeking to divide us and arraign one These are the people who in my judg­ to lend money at interest and the will­ group against another. They carry on ment are a menace to any democracy. ingness of borrowers to borrow it, which their insidious propaganda by dissemi­ It seems to me that the jo~ that was is the reason for my original question nation of Nazi-inspired lies which seek supposed to have been done of ferreting when I asked the gentleman whether he to poison the minds of the American out these sinister groups-some of them did not believe that to a large extent the people. I think something ought to be have been destroyed-should still con­ solution of our problem lay in the di­ done by this Congress to make sure that tinue for others are still operating. To vorcement of the supply of money in this when our boys return home they will not illustrate: Our post office is being flooded country from the volume of our debt . . have to face the same enemies they had with so-called second-class matter Mr. BURDICK. In other words, I take to face on the battlefields. What is the through which this propaganda of hatred the gentleman's statement to mean a policy of our Government? What are is being spread to a great extent. There large percentage of our business turn­ our standards of equality? So far noth­ is no way to check up. The only way over every day is done by check, instead ing has been expressed by this Congress it could be checked it would be to pass of cash. and nothing has been done officially -to House Resolution 49 which I introduced. Mr. VOORHIS. of California. That is assure our people and the world as a That would take away from certain or­ right, and a large proportion of what we whole that we in America do not believe ganizations who preach intolerance and call money in this country is actually in intolerance, hate, and bigotry. The hatred their second-class mail privilege. demand deposits, written up on the books moment bigotry and intolerance are per­ It costs the Government $80,000,000 a of the banks with but 20 percent of cash mitted to spread in our country, we can year-that much of a loss annually-to money reserve behind it. no longer brag about having a healthy distribute second-class mail. I did not Mr. BURDICK. That is right. country, and we can no longer qe sure seek to take the second-class mailing Mr. RANKIN. Mr. Speaker, will the of having won the war. We shall then privilege from newspapers, publications, gentleman yield? have sacrificed the very principles upon and responsible organizations, but my Mr. BURDICK. I yield. which this Nation was built. efiort was to deny the second-class mail Mr. RANKIN. Let me say to the gen­ After careful study of this serious privilege to certain groups financed by tleman from California that as long as problem I introduced in June of this year, foreign agitators, groups which distrib-. this $23,000,000,000 is in circulation the House Concurrent Resolution No. 92, ute the hate program through our mails. banks are not going to let it lie idle in which reads as follows: Just when we think we can locate them their vaults without putting it back in Resolved by the House of Representatives they vanish and there is nothing left but circulation or putting it out where they (the Senate concurring), That the Congress a post-office box number. These groups can get interest on it. If you keep the hereby express itself that whosoever conducts are all irresponsible. As I said, when we amount of money which is in circulation or participates in litnti-Semitism, or other th1nk we have them located and are and in business today in circulation when poisonous propaganda, seeking to array class ready to arrest them they go to another the war cldses, you will not have any de­ against class, creed against creed, or race one of our great metropolitan cities, z:ent pression in this country. I think we against race, is playing Hitler's game, and another post-office box and operate that there is no place in the lives or thoughts would have a boom of prosperity for of true Americans for such ideology. through second-class mail from the new years and years to come. address. Because we love our country The SPEAKER pro tempore. The time I hope that before this Congress ad­ -and because we want our boys to come of the gentleman from North Dakota has journs sine die it will adopt this resolu­ back and find a better place in which to expired. tion so that the world may know and live we must do everything in our power EXTENSION OF REMARKS our people will understand that we mean to save the home front for them. It to keep our basic beliefs in the basic prin­ seems to me, Mr. Speaker, that it is our Mr. O'KONSKI. Mr. Speaker, I ask ciples of our forefathers, that all people duty to proclaim freedom for all the unanimous consent to. extend my re­ are entitled to equal treatment, and that people, hatred and prejudice against marks in the RECORD and to include sev­ we Will not permit the rise of Nazi or none. America is going to be the leader eral newspaper articles.· Fascist ideologies in the United States. in the post-war era and ·we must live up The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there By adopting this resolution we can dem­ to the hope and faith put in us. objection to the request of the gentle­ onstrate to the world that we, the Con­ The men at the peace table, especially man from Wisconsin? gress of the United States, representing the Americans, should make doubly sure ,There was no objection. all the people, have reiterat~ our faith that those who were responsible for the •

•

1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7743 killing and burning of innocent women The above quoted remarks are reports In the city of Lvov, which had a large and children shall pay the extreme pen­ of symptoms of a sneaking, under­ Jewish population, amounting to about alty for their crime so as to set an ex­ handed attack on the health of our Na­ 100,000 or more, of the Jews who were ample for others of their kind who might tion. Earnest observers are shocked by not deported to Germany some 6,000 were have an urge to try their program in the the similarity of the pattern of behavior murdered outright. • The others were future. of such people as Gerald K. Smith, Joe scattered throughout Germany and Mr. Speaker, just as a physician him­ McWilliams, and William Dudley Pelley placed in labor camps, with the usual self may succumb to the virus of a con­ in our country and the people like Goeb­ result. tagious disease while saving numbers of bels, Himmler, and Streicher in Nazi Ger­ In the city of Vilna, which also had a unfortunate victims stricken by a raging many. Decent people are amazed and population of 100,000 Jews, only 170 Jews epidemic, so a nation may be defeated angered that the same ideologies that survived. These survivors were kept alive by the infiltration of its enemy's ideolo- - brought Hitler and his gangsters into and forced by methods which, for sheer gies even though it succeeds in gaining power and that brought the whole world · cruelty, cannot be equaled even by a a physical victory on the battlefield. to the brink of destruction should now be criminally insane, to use their skills as Realizing the danger of infection and peddled within our own borders. Is it specialists in various branches of indus­ contagion, science has gone to work and possible that-even while our boys are try for the benefit of their torturers. found ways and means to protect man­ paying with their lives for the folly of a In a town of Nowogrodek, out of 6,000 kind against it. Is not our spiritual veak people who swallowed these horrible Jews only 200 managed to escape their health as precious as our physical well­ doctrines of super race and Aryan destiny cruel fate. being? Why not extend our precaution­ to conquer and rule the world-the The Vilna district had a special fur­ ary measures to the protection of the enemy has succeeded in finding a way riers' Ghetto which consisted of 500 Jew­ spiritual health of our people? Why not to attack their country behind their ish specialists and experts. The Ger­ heed the symptoms of a cancerous lines? Is it possibie that the enemies mans deported most of its inhabitants to growth which may destroy the very of civilization and humanity shall be Estonia for forced labor, and from there foundations of our accepted way of life? successful in accomplishing within our only a few were able to escape by boat to Why· not expose the dangers to the peo­ borders what the courage, self-sacrifice, Sweden. · ple on whom the dastardly enemy is try­ and gallantry of our soldiers have pre­ After hiding 3 months in the cellar ing to foist itself surreptitiously? vented them from accomplishing on the ruins of the Warsaw ghetto, a.,fter a In a recent column, writing under a field of battle? Shall we permit this heroic fight which aroused the admira­ Newport, R. I., September 7 date line, sneak attack on our country to go un­ tion of the whole world, 60 of the Jewish Cornelius Vanderbilt reported the fol­ challenged or shall we expose these fighters escaped through the sewers to lowing in his daily column in the New groups who seek to under~ine the very carry on the fight against their York Post: foundations of our great Nation and to oppressors. The Jewish problem is the subject of more weaken the very structure of it? Shall They were eventually joined by anum­ chit-chat at exclusive Bailey's Beach, the gold we permit these termites to gnaw from ber of other people from the Polish and clambake clubs, the reading room and within, to destroy the unity of our peo­ private parties than anything else save per­ underground and now constitute a regu­ ple by inciting the various religious and lar fighting unit at present operating in haps the date of the end of the European racial groups against each other? war. various parts of eastern Poland. They Certain of the wealthier, oJder coupon­ To answer these questions, let us look claim to have killed at least 200 clippers are vitriolic anti-Semites. To hear at Europe. Let us keep in mind the pres­ Germans. them talk you would think you were listen­ ent picture of Europe, a Europe which Reports from Pinsk, eastern Poland, ing to conversations at Berchtesgaden. was beautiful until the ravaging diseases show that almost the entire Jewish com­ I dropped my own bombshell into the of intolerance, bigotry, and race discrim­ munity numbering over 40,000 was wiped midst of one group last night at one of those ination turned it into hell on earth. Let ultrachic affairs. out by the Germans. Most of them were us keep in mind the inevitable results of killed in the autumn of 1941, others dur­ I began by reminding them that Prussia such spiritual illness, the concentration seems to be the root of most of the evils ing 1942 and 1943. Only a few hundred which the Germans have brought to the Eu­ camps and the gas chambers where cul­ Jews managed to survive, and these have ropean contingent for more than 100 years. ture and the sense of values were de­ formed special fighting guerrilla units to So why not, I suggested, turn all of Prussia stroyed by ignorance and mediocrity, avenge the death of their brethren. into a free port for homeless Jews? where decency and humanity were sacri­ According to information of the Over­ My remark killed the conversation. You ficed on the altar of greed. seas News Agency, all the ghettos in could have heard a pin drop. The subject Maybe, if we present the inevitable re­ was changed instantly. Lutsk and in Krzenieniec were liquidated sults of this dangerous illness threaten­ by the Germans, but some French Jews In his book, The Curtain Rises, the ing our beloved country, we may awaken deported from France to Poland escaped, outstanding foreign correspondent our people in time to take preventive formed a number of partisan units, and Quentin Reynolds describes his utter measures to smash the enemy from are now attacking German transports amazement and horror at the conditions within. and trains in the wooded country of cen­ he found at a summer resort he went to The world was shocked by the story of tral Poland. for a short rest after returning from the the murder factory maintained by the A harrowing account of the suffer­ battlefields of Europe. To quote Mr. Germans on the outskirts of the city of ings of Jews deported from western Reynolds: Lublin, which was recently liberated, but Europe to Poland has been given by the At the resort a man asked me where I lived. Lublin was not the only Polish city in underground paper of the Belgian Jew­ I told him I lived in New York City. "How which extermination was going on, on a ish Defense Committee, Le Flambeau. awful " -he said, looking· at me sympatheti­ mass-murder basis. In addition to con­ It is based ~upon information supplied cally,' "all you see there are Jews." "I'm centration camps, which were estab­ by two Antwerp Jews who fled from Bel­ used to being with Jews," I told him. "Wllilre lished all over Poland, and into which I've been lately the place is full of them." gium in May 1940, were captured by the "Where have you been," he asked. "I have were sent practically all Jews, and a good Germans in Nice, and deported to a labor been with the First Division in Sicily," I said. many non-Jews, in many places so-called camp at Sosnowiec, from where they "Full of Jews. It'll please you to know a labor camps were also set up just to vary subsequently escaped. According to hell of a lot of them were killed." He looked the pattern of organized destruction. their report; Jews on their arrival in the at me and blinked not understanding and These labor camps were originally or­ camp were stripped of their possessions I walked away because I was a littl~ afraid that I might get sick or slug him. This was ganized as places where able-bodied men as well as their clothing, and were given the America I returned to. Our men abroad and women could be put to work by their a few rags called working clothes, which deserve something better than a country Germap masters. But the German sad­ were adorned with four yellow stars-one which is still stupid with reaction and preju­ ists did not get enough enjoyment out on the chest, one on the back, and one on dice. There are no Democrats, no Repub­ of these labor camps, and pretty soon each knee. The most brutal beatings licans at the front. There are no Prot­ these camps, too, were turned into grue­ were inflicted under the slightest pre­ estants, no Catholics, no Jews at the front. There are men in Uniform who at the very some death chambers where their victims "text. Men and women worked in sepa­ best are giving up a year or two of their lives were tortured until death came as a re­ rate camps, where they were constantly to serve a country they believe in. lief. subjected to inhuman treatment, •

7744 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE SEPTElVIBER 1.3 Those wh'O were regarded as unfit for Mr. Speaker, as 1 said before, I intro­ Bretton Woods recommendations by work, due to either age or infirmity, wer.e duced House Concurrent Resolution 92 conservative banking circles and par­ deported to Oswiencim to be liquidated. in order to give Congress a chance to ticularly by those groups which can be Countless children, having heard about make our stand clear to the whole world. fairly termed "international bankers.'' the horror of Oswiencim, pretended to Let us pass this resolution as a warn­ In addition there has been opposition be over 13 years of age, in order that ing to the Gerald K. Smiths the Pelleys, from some earnest people who through they might be considered eligible for the McWilliams, and others of their ilk. the years have been worried about the work. The report related to twD inci­ Let us pass the resolution as a declara­ power of international finance, but who. dents, of which the escaped were eye­ tion of faith to all the decent people of in my judgment have misinterpreted the witnesses. When some trucks arrived this country and the world. Let us pass significance of what Bretton ·woods at Chraznow to take away the people this .resolution as a promise to all the proposes. unable to work, a little girl of 9 or 10, brave, gallant men and women fighting It would require a long time to explain from a crowd of children and old peo­ on the battlefields and behind the bar­ or even to fully understand all the rami­ ple, ran forward to the German officer ricades of occupied cities and towns. ficatiens of the two Bretton Woods in command, fell on her knees, and Let us pass this resolution as a solemn agreements. Certain outstanding facts begged for mercy. She cri€d that she pledge that we shall fight the dark forces regarding them, however, are clear. was able to do the hardest work and did of evil so that nEVer again will they be First and perhaps most important is the not have to be sent to Oswieneim to die. able to bring the world to the brink of fact that neither the agreement for the The officer generously allowed the child destruction. international monetary fund, nor the to join those who were chosen for hard EXTENSION OF REMARKS agreement for ·the International Bank labor. After several cruel beatings at for Reconstruction and Development that camp the child finally met the fate Mr. FERNANDEZ. Mr. Speaker, I ask contains provisions which would rob any she was trying so desperately to escape. unanimous consent to extend my re­ nation of the freedom to manage its own A whole gQneration of innocent young­ marks in the Appendix of the REcoRD monetary system as it sees fit. Neither sters was thus starved and tortured to and to include therein an editorial from agreement would prevent a nation from death by the Herrenvolk~acrificed to the September 9, 1944, issue of the Las expanding its monetary supply in order the .evil god of nazi-ism. Vegas Daily Optic, published· at Las Ve­ to combat unemployment and deflation. The food at the labor camp consisted gas, N. Mex., commenting on S. 1374, Neither agreement would' prevent con­ of two slices of bread and a bowl of warm authorizing the promotion in rank of tra~tion to combat inflation. Neither water a day, and the hours of labor, un­ the heroes of Bataan, Corregidor, W.ake, agreement presumes to say what any der the supervision of the SS, men and Guam, who are now prisoners of the nation shall use for money. Neither trained in savagery, were unlimited. Japanese. agreement contains any requirement The rate of mortality was high. The The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there compelling any nation to maintain any dead were stripped of their clothing and objection to .the request of the gentle­ particular sort of metal reserves. tn­ placed in large refuse bins, and when man from New M.eXico? deed, nations can indefinitely participate there were sufficient corpses, they were There was no obj~ction. in both the fund and the bank even if taken by the Nazis to a crematorium. PERMISSION TO ADDRESS THE HOUSE they have no gold reserves at all. Everything was well organized-the loot­ Mr. VOORHIS of California. Mr. Any nation is pri:vileged to witllldraw ing as well as the killing. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to from either the fund or the bank at any Near Sosnewiec the 2 eyewitnesses address the House on tomorrow for 10 time it sees fit. All it need do is give saw 700 girls between the ages of 16 and minutes at the conclusion of any special notice of its desire to withdraw and it 20, who had been collected from all parts orders heretofore entered for that day. immediately ceases to be a participant of Poland, crowded in a large courtyard. The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there 1n either the fund or the bank or both. These girls were selected from the pop­ objection to the request of the gentle­ "The all-important feature of the pm­ ulation for a special fate-to be sent to man from California? posed International Bank for Recon­ the front to "entertain'' the Nazi war­ There was no objection. struction and Development is the fact riors. that if put into successful operation it We have heard and read so much about EXTENSION OF REMARKS would go a very long way toward putting the gruesome details of well-organized Mr. HOBBS. Mr. Speaker, I ask an end to the sort of diabolical control German mass murder that our feelings unanimous consent to extend my re­ which private international financial have been numbed. We have almost marks in the RECORD and to include a houses have in the past exerted over become negatively adjusted to the un­ quntat1on from a Selma paper? sovereign nations. One of the greatest -mentionable sufferings inflicted upon The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there evils of the monetary system which has our fellow men, simply as a defense of objection to the request of the gentle­ dominated the world ever since the Mid­ our own sanity. However, no decent man from Alabama? dle Ages has been the power which pri­ human being can afiord this luxury of There w.as no objection. vate international bankers have been numbness. No decent human being has The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under able to exert over whole nations and a right to protect his own mental and previous order of the House, the gentle­ their people. The pages of history are emotional -stability by shutting himself man from California [Mr. VooRHis] is replete with cases where nations have off from the inhuman sufferings infiict Congress, out in force, or did he have them drawn House in these trying days not to allow the President, as well as the Army and up wing to wing on the ground of the partisan politics to go so deeply as to Navy authorities, for- an opportunity to fiying field near Schofield Barracks? affect the foundations and strength of be heard. Is there anything unfair Did he have additional men at the out- our · country, for rumor which has no about that? rs it not in keeping ,with 7748 CONGRESSIONAL RECO.RD-HOUSE . SEPTEMBER 13 the American concept of justice and fair country. Will the gentleman deny that I assUn:ie that for practical reasons play? some of the men who get up on this those who determine policies in both the Here are the reputations and standing floor and defend Kimmel and Short War Department and the Navy Depart­ of two of the highest military officers in are the very men who 2 or 3 years ago ment in relatioq to the conduct of the the land being shunted about as a po­ did everything within their power on war have felt it was advisable in connec­ litical football. It is fundamentally this floor to stop this Nation from pre­ tion with the conduct of the war to have wrong. There is no practical excuse for paring, who did everything in their the courts martial of these men held in the continuation of this type of conduct power to beat conscription, to defeat abeyance. I make that statement upon on the part of our Government. lend-lease, and to defeat everything that no information I have had from anyone Mr. Speaker, as I said on the floor the would save hundreds of thousands of but drawing my own personal deductions. other day, out of an abundance of cau­ American lives.in the days ~nat were to I cannot challenge the opinions of tion I have refrai'ned from making refer­ come? ·And they now get up and fight those charged with the responsibility of ence, publicly or privately, to this Kim­ the battle of Kimmel and Short because conducting the war; I have got to ac­ mel-Short incident. There comes a time, they are trying to drag a red herring cept the word, expressed or implied, of however, when patience ceases to be a across their own records. General Marshall, of Admiral King, and virtue, and when fairness requires strong Mr. MICHENER. As I understand, no those associated with them on legislation language. The time when the develop­ charges have as yet been filed against and on matters concerned with their con­ ing of the story of Pearl Harbor will hin­ these men. They are just suspended in duct of the war. I can remember sit­ der our military e1fort is long since past. air, and, when demands are made for ting in conference with others one time Mr. Speaker, here are two men who, be­ fair treatment, responses like the one with General Marshall before Pearl Har­ fore Pearl Harbor, were outstanding just made by the gentleman from New bor when my views somewhat differed leaders in our armed forces. Are they York are entirely irrelevant. That kind from his. General Marshall · said, in guilty of misconduct in connection with of talk is the red herring to which the substance: "Gentlemen, as Chief of Sta1f Pearl Harbor, or did they follow instruc­ gentleman refers. It is a wonder he did­ and charged with the responsibility of tions? Are they innocent or culpable? not call attention to the myth about conducting our land forces, our Army, in I do not know. The country does not fortifying Guam and some other similar my opinion such and such a thing iS know. But there are those who do know, matters. The fact that some of those necessary, such and such a bill in my and they should be permitted or required who are demanding justice now did not opinion should be passed by Congress." to speak. , want to get into this war has not a single And I said: "General, I cannot challenge Yes, this is an election year and thing to do with this tssue. This whole your statement; I cannot take a position speeches like the one delivered by the controversy can be satisfactorily settled in opposition to you. No matter what gentleman from New York add nothing in the minds of all the people if we are my opinions are, General, they are laid to national unity and are based on ru­ just permitted to have the facts. The on the table and I shall do what you, as mor and conjecture. inference that those in authority are Chief of Staff, think I should do as a Again I say the necessities of the hour afraid to have the truth known is not Member of Congress having in mind the require consideration of this matter now. good for the morale of our people. imminent danger that confronts our The Oommander in Chief selected these Mr. O'TOOLE. Will the gentleman country." men for the positions which they held. yield? So far as lifting and promoting men Both were educated in..our great service Mr. MICHENER. I do not yield any over others are concerned, I am sure my schools. Each acquitted himself well be­ further. friend from Michigan did not want to fore Pearl Harbor, and with records of. The SPEAKER pro tempore publicity. Give the whole have ever mentioned their names on this ask unanimous consent to proceed for 3 story to all the people, and do it now. floor. I am not going to mention their additional minutes. Mr. O'TOOLE. Mr. Speaker, will the names any more, because the outcome of The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is tliere gentleman yield? their cases is a matter which must and objection to the request of the gentle­ Mr. MICHENER. Surely, I yield. will be determined upon evidence that man from Massachusetts? Mr. O'TOOLE. I admit with the gen­ will be produced at the right time. As There was no objection. tleman, that Kimmel and Short were far as I am concerned, I proceed upon Mr. MCCORMACK. No one wilL con­ taken out of their regular order, but I the theory that the War Department and tradict the statement of my friend from also admit that the President of the the Navy Department are charged with Michigan; on the other hand if in the United States took General Marshall, the actual conduct of the war; the war past, or conducting the trials openly General Arnold, Admiral King, Admiral on the land and in the air where the now, would have been or would be in-· Nimitz, and Admiral Halsey out of their land forces are involved; the Navy, at consistent with the best interests of our regular order, for the betterment of our sea, in the air, and under the sea. country I know my friend from Michi- 1944 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 7749

gan will agree that the course of action ADJOURNMENT I By Mr. TARVER: to be taken should be that for the best H. R. 5359. A bill for the relief Of Adell Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, ·i Brown and Alice Brown; to tlle Committee on interest of our country. The best fnter­ move that the House do now adjourn. Claims. est of the country overshadows the ·in­ The motion was agreed to; accordingly By Mr. THOMAS of Texas: terest of any individual, particularly in (at 2 o'clock anti 42 minutes p. m.) the H. R. 5360. A bill for the relief of the legal matters of this kind. House adjourned until tomorrow, Thurs­ guardian of Mona Mae Miller, a minor; to the Mr. MICHENER. ·That is why I re.:. day, Septemb~r 14,· 1944, at" ,12 o'clock Committee on. Claims. · frained and never said a word. ·noon. By Mr. WOLFENDEN of Pennsylvania: Mr. McCORMACK. I am refraining H. R. 5361. A bill for the relief of Harold J. Grim; to the Committee on Claims. now; I know the gentleman has. I as-:­ CHANGE OF REFERENCE sume the War Department and the Navy By Mr. WOaLEY: Under clause 2 of rule XXll, the H. R. 5362. A bill for the relief of the Jay Department for reasons of state, the Taylor Cattle Co., Amarillo, Tex.; to the Com_­ state being our Government, have not Committee on Invalid Pensions was dis­ mittee on Claims. taken any other course of action. charged from the consideration of the bill ents. . H. R. 2792. An act for the relief of Arvo 6112. Also, petition of Ora C. Pennebaker 6124. Also, petition of National Association Karl, Lempi K. Holm, and Burt Johnston; and 43 other citizens of Muskegon, Mich., of County Officials, Resolution No.6, support­ H. R. 3033. An act for the relief of Tressie urging enactment of House bill 2082, a meas­ ing Senate bill 2045, as amended, for distri­ Spring and Mrs. Hazel Stutte; · ure to reduce absenteeism, coneerve man­ bution and sale of war surplus commodities; H. R. 3038. An act for the relief of Mrs. power, and Epeed production of materials to the Committee on Expenditures in the Ex­ Grace Page; necessary for the winning of the war by pro­ ecutive Departments. H. R. 3296. An act for the relief of R.-Guy hibiting the manufacture, sale, or transpor­ Dorsey; tation of alcoholic liquors in the United H. R. 3384. An act to authorize the Secre­ States for the duration of the war; to the tary of the Interior to accept property for Committee on the Judiciary. the Moores Creek National Military·Park, and 6113. Also,,petition of J. B. Chisum and 446 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES for other purposes; · other ci~izens of Altus, Okla., urging enact­ H. R. 3464. An ac.t for the relief of Ralph ment of House bill 2082, a measure to reduce THURSDAY, SEPIEMBER 14, 1944 W . Cooley; absenteeism, conserve manpower, and speed H. R. 3496. An act for the relief of Ernest A. production of materials necessary for the The House met at 12 o'clock noon. Gtottke; winning of the war by prohibiting the manu­ 'I:he Chaplain; Rev. James Shera H. R. 3722. An act ~to amend section 342 of facture, sale, or transportation of alcoholic Montgomery, D. D., offered the following the Nationality Act of 1940 in respect to fees liquors in the United States for the duration prayer: for the issuance of. certificates of arrival; and of the war; to the Committee on the Judi­ H. R. 5025. An act to allow credit in con­ ciary. Eternal One, unto whom all hearts are nection with certain homestead entries for 6114. Also, petition of Rev. R. Gordon open and all desires known, who art the military or naval service rendered during Given and 27 other citizens of Westover, Md., glory of day and the master of night, World War No. 2. urging enactment of House bill 2082·, a mea­ hear our humble prayer. Through the The message also announced that the sure to reduce ·absenteeism, conserve man­ reve'lation of Thy truth, let us clear our S2nate had passed, with amendments in power, and speed production of materials minds of ignorance, prejudice, and intol­ which th'e concurrence of the House is necessary for the winning of the war by erp.nce. 0 spirit of God, heavenly tide, prohibiting the manufacture, sale, or trans­ requested, bills of the House of the fol­ ·portation of alcoholic liquors in the United flow wider and deeper, cleansing the lowing titles: States for the duration of the war; to the thoughts· of every section of our broad H. R. 1569. An act to amend the act en­ Committee on the Judiciary. land. tHled "An act to amend the act creating 6115. Also, petition of Mrs. T. M. Strong We pray that with patriotic zeal and the circuit court of appeals in regard to fees and 40 other citizens of Dodgeville, Wis., devotion our fellow citizens may reach and costs, and for other purposes," approved urging enactment of House bill 2082, a mea­ those altitudes of reason where they shall February 19, 1897 (29 Stat. 536; 28 U. S. c: sure to reduce absenteeism, conserve man­ hear the clarion VQice of right whereby 543); and power, and speed production of materials our Government was conceived in ligerty H. R. 2707. An act for the relief of Henry necessary for the winning of the war by pro­ White. · hibiting the manuf.ecture, sale, or transporta­ and dedicated to the proposition that all tion of alcoholic liquors in the United States men are created equal. In Thy divine - The message also announced that the for the duration of the war; to the Committee nearness, grant that every decision may Senate had passed bills of the following on the Judiciary. disclose the counsels of an all-wise mind. titles, in which the concurrence of the 6116. By Mr. COCHRAN: Petition of the 0 create within· us the sincerest convic­ House is requested: Barry Wehmiller Machinery Co., slgned by 30 tion as to the dire need and peace of the S. 725, An act to provide for the p\lnish­ St. Louis citizens, protesting against the world. At eventide may we take com­ ment of persons conspiring to violate the laws passage of House bill 2082, which seeks to fort in the realization that in the depths relating to counterfeiting and certain other enact prohibition for the period of the war; of a good, clean conscience there can be laws; · to the Committee on the Judiciary. no failure. As we have tasted the sweet S. 1062 .. An act to authorize certain employ­ 6117. Also, petition of the Barry Wehmlller -and the bitter cup of human experience, ees of the General Land Office to administer Machinery Co., signed by 30 St. Louis citizens or take oaths, affirmations, affidavits, or dep­ protesting against the passage of House bill inspire us to throw out the challenge, ositions in the performance of their official 2082 which seeks to enact prohibition for the building our lives, not on time but on duties; period of the war; to the Committee on the the magnificence of big and enduring s. 1392. An act for the relief of Dewey H. Juuiciary. realities, knowing that our Saviour will Davis; 6118. Also, petition of Peter Eisel and 30 hold and help us until the morning S.1557. An act for the relief of Joel A. Hart; other St. Louis citizens, protesting against breaketh. In His holy name. Amen. S. 1732. An act for the relief of Arthur M. the passage of House bill 2082 which seeks to Sellers; enact prohibition for the period of the war; The Journal of the proceedings of yes­ S. 1766. An act for the relief of C. C. Thorn­ to the Committee on the Judiciary. terday was read and approved. ton;