TWO DAYS AWARENESS –CUM-DEMONSTRATION PRORGAMME ON EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTIONS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH FOR THE JUNIOR ENGINEERS AND MASONS OF KINNAUR & LAHAUL & SPITI DISTRICTS, HIMACHAL PRADESH
With the Technical Collaboration of
CENTRAL BUILDING RESEARCH INSTITUTE(CBRI), ROORKEE
Organized by
STATE COUNCIL FOR SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT, 34 SDA COMPLEX , KASUMPTI, SHIMLA-9
TWO DAYS TRAINING WORKSHOP ON EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTIONS
VENUE: Bachat Bhwan Reckong Peo, District Kinnaur
PROGRAMME: 29-30 July 2016
Day -1: 29 July 2016 (9:30AM-5:30PM)
9:30-10:30 Registration of Participants 10:30-11:40 Inaugural Function Sh.Kunal Satyarthi, IFS 10:30-10:40 Welcome Address Chief Scientific Officer-cum-Joint Member Secretary Sh.Ajay Kumar Lal, 10:40-10:50 Opening Remarks Director (Env.)GoHP-cum- Member Secretary(EC)SCSTE Dr.N.GopalKrishnan 10:50-11:00 Keynote Address Director, CBRI Roorkee Dr. N.K.Lath 11:00-11:10 Special Address by Guest of Honour Deputy Commissioner ,Kinnuar Hazard Vulnerability of Himachal Dr.S.S.Randhawa 11:10-11:30 Pradesh-An overview Senior Scientific Officer, SCSTE Sh.Jagat Singh Negi 11:30-11:45 Inaugural Address by Chief Guest Hon’ble Deputy Speaker 11:45-11:50 Vote of Thanks Dr. Y Pandey, CBRI Roorkee 11:50-12:00 Tea Break Appropriate Rural Housing Ar.S.K.Negi, Technologies and material for the 12:00-12:45 Head of the Division, District Kinnaur (H.P.)-general CBRI Roorkee Exposure on Philosophy Earthquake Resistant rural housing Dr.Ajay Chousaria, 12:45-01:30 techniques-general tips CBRI Roorkee 01:30-02:15 Lunch Break Design & Construction of Hill Houses Er.H.K.Jain, 02:15-03:15 -Durability and Safety CBRI Roorkee -Cost and Functional Efficiency Demonstration of Appropriate Er.H.K.Jain, Er.Rajeev & Er.Manoj 03:15-05:30 Housing Techniques CBRI Roorkee
Day-2: 30 July 2016 (9:00AM-3:00PM)
09:00-09:30 Technical Film Show Impact of Landslides & their control Dr.Y Pandey 09:30-10:30 measures CBRI Roorkee Earthquake, wind and snow resistant Dr Ajay Chousaria 10:30-11:00 designs of houses CBRI Roorkee 11:00-11:15 Tea Break Er.H.K.Jain 11:15-12:00 Quality Control in Hill Construction CBRI Roorkee
Er.H.K.Jain,Er.Rajeev and Er.Manoj 12:00-01:00 Demonstration of EQ safety in houses CBRI Roorkee 01:00-01:45 Lunch Break 01:45-03:00 Discussions & Way Forward TWO DAYS AWARENESS –CUM-DEMONSTRATION PRORGAMME ON EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTIONS IN HIMACHAL PRADESH FOR THE JUNIOR ENGINEERS AND MASONS OF KINNAUR & LAHAUL & SPITI DISTRICTS, HIMACHAL PRADESH
INTRODUCTION:
Himalayas are considered to be the youngest mountain chains in the world are still in building phase and are seismically very active. Himachal Pradesh which forms a part of the Northwestern Himalaya is highly vulnerable to different kinds of natural disasters. The state as a whole is prone to prominent natural disaster such as earthquakes, landslides, flash floods, avalanches, droughts etc. and the state experiences the fury of one or the other disaster every year. From the seismicity point of view Himachal Pradesh is considered to be very sensitive as it falls in zone V and IV as per the Seismic zoning Map of India.
Zone V: Covers the areas liable to seismic intensity IX and above on Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. This is the most severe seismic zone and is referred as Very High Damage Risk Zone. Zone IV: Gives the area liable to MM VIII. This zone is second in severity to zone V.
During the last century the state has been shaken by a number of micro as well as macro earthquakes. A number of damaging earthquakes has struck the state and the adjoining parts of Punjab,U.P.and J& K. Some of the prominent earthquakes that rocked the state are Kangra earthquake 1905(M=8.0) in which 18,815 people were killed, Kinnaur earthquake 1975 (M=6.7) in which 60 people lost their lives and Dharamshala earthquake 1986 (M5.7). During the last century the state experienced 141 earthquakes with the magnitude between 3-3.9 on Richter scale, 22 earthquakes having magnitude 4-4.9, 43 having magnitude between 5-5.9, 7 earthquakes having magnitude 6-6.9 and only 1 earthquake having magnitude 8 on Richter scale and there are about 1130 earthquakes with magnitude less than 3 on Richter scale. As per the earthquake hazard map of state, the areas falling in districts Chamba, Kangra, Mandi, Kullu, Hamirpur Bilaspur and Una are very sensitive as they fall in Very High Damage Risk Zone (MSK IX or More) where as the rest of the areas falls in High Damage Risk Zone (MSK VIII) Fig.1.Some of the major devastating earthquake that have rocked the state during the last century are as under:
EARTHQUAKES HAVING MAGNITUDE 4 OR MORE ON RICHTER SCALE IN HIMACHAL PRADESH DURING THE LAST 200 YEARS
S.No Year Month Day Magnitude Coordinates Tentative location
1 1809 - 5.5 30042’00” Near Labrang (Distt.Kinnaur) 780 30’00” 2 1827 9 5.5 32030’00” Near Dalhousie 76000’00” (Chamba Distt.) 3 1856 4 7 5 31000’00” Near Ranhog(Distt.Solan) 77000’00” 4 1858 8 11 5 3107’12” Shimla(Distt.Shimla) 77010’12” 5 1865 4 11 --- Shimla region 6 1905 4 4 8 32018’00” Karari Dal(Distt.Kangra) 76015’00” 7 1906 2 28 7 32000’00” Near Karshing(Distt.Kullu) 770 00’00” 8 1930 5 11 5.5 31042’00” Shila Kiepr (Mandi Distt.) 77000’00” 9 1940 4 7 ----- 31 05 Near kali Hatti ,District Shimla 77 00 10 1945 6 22 6.5 32036’00” Minu (Chmaba Distt.) 75054’00” 11 1947 7 10 6.2 32036’00” Minu (Chmaba Distt.) 75054’00” 12 1950 8 12 5.5 32036’00” Minu (Chmaba Distt.) 75054’00”
13 1951 9 22 6.4 32 36 East of Dhan Kanda ,District Chamba 76 30 14 1962 9 15 5.5 31054’00” Near Dehra Gopipur 76012’00” (Distt.Kangra) 15 1965 2 21 4.5 32 14 Near Bara Banghal, District kangra 76 54 16 1967 9 20 --- 32 36 Near Rajpura, District Chamba 76 06 17 1968 5 11 4.9 32 22 Near Atrori, District 76 22 Chamba 18 1969 1 23 4 32 14 Near Trilokpur,District Kangra 76 03 19 1970 3 5 4.9 32 24 Near Sani,District Chamba 76 29 20 1972 1 29 4.7 32 51 75 54 21 1973 12 16 4.9 32 17 Near Mordhu,District Chamba 76 01
22 1974 11 16 4.8 32 50 Tissa, District 76 08 Chamba 23 1975 10 30 5.2 32 54 Near Bhujara, District Chamba 76 00 24 1975 12 11 5.1 32 50 Near Jankar,Sumdo,Lahaul 76 58 & Spiti 25 1975 12 10 5 32 49 Near Chhajaut,District 76 11 Chamba
26 1975 1 19 6.7 31056’24” Distt.Kinnaur 78031’48” 27 1975 2 2 5.1 32033’36” Indo China Border 78053’00” 28 1975 7 19 5.1 31057’00” Near Chnago(Kinnaur Distt.) 78035’24” 29 1975 7 29 5.5 32034’12” Near Kanum 78029’24” (Distt.Kinnaur) 30 1975 2 10 5.3 32057’00” Near Janu Pass(ChambaDistt.) 76006’ 00” 31 1975 2 11 5 33000’00” Near Sathrundi (Chamba Distt.) 76010’12” 32 1976 1 7 5.3 32058’12” Dunchili Gad (Chamba Distt.) 7607’12” 33 1976 1 9 4.7 32 59 Along J&K Border 76 01 34 1976 2 5 5 31014’24” Near Chebri (Distt.Shimla) 77001’48” 35 1976 4 10 4.5 32 43 Near Balthal Got, District Chamba 76 30
36 1976 4 16 4 32 52 Near makkan, District Chamba 76 00 37 1976 7 6 5.1 32026’24” Near Raksham (Kinnaur Distt.) 78021’00” 38 1976 9 8 5.3 32014’08” Near Baspa origin(Kinnaur Distt.) 78045’36” 39 1977 2 19 5.4 31048’00” Near Rangbar Thachang 0 78 25’48” (Distt.Kinnaur)
40 1977 3 27 5.1 32040’12” Lenchichi (Kinnaur Distt.) 78039’36” 41 1978 6 14 5 32014’24” Near SinghauPass, along Kangra Border 0 76 36’36” District.Chamba 42 1979 1 19 4.1 32 22 Near Chandota Pass, District Chamba 76 28 43 1980 5 29 4.2 31 33 76 33 44 1980 9 4 4 32 00 Near Pajaund,District Mandi 76 54 45 1980 11 26 4 32 29 Near Khaddar,District Chamba 76 24 46 1981 2 14 4 32 35 Near Bara Kanda,District 76 37 Chamba 47 1981 6 19 4.5 32 43 Near Lohari,District Chamba 76 00 48 1981 6 13 5 31049’12” Nalpaya Thach (Distt.Kinnaur) 78027’36” 49 1981 5 28 5.2 31049’48” Barling (Kinnaur Distt.) 78025’48” 50 1982 5 18 4 32 25 Near Chagrauta ,District Chamba 76 24 51 1983 2 27 5.3 32036’00” Khadi Thach (Distt.Kinnaur) 78034’12” 52 1983 4 13 4 32 46 Near Tikkri Khas, District Chamba 76 14 53 1985 3 11 4.8 31 15 Near Malaun,District Shimla 77 00 54 1985 12 29 4.9 32 37 Near Theru, District Chamba 76 06 55 1986 4 26 5.5 32019’00” Near Nag Dal 0 (Boundary of 76 24’00” Chamba and Kangra distt.) 56 1987 6 10 4.7 31 55 Near Daton, District Chamba 76 26 57 1987 12 26 4.3 32 07 Near Dewal Khas,DIstrict Kangra 76 41
58 1991 6 23 4.6 32 18 Near Gataunda, 76 42 District Shimla 59 1992 1 26 4.5 32 16 Near Bhagsu Nath, District Kangra 76 24 60 1992 2 13 4.5 32 37 East of Dhan Kanda, District Chamba 76 30 61 1992 9 6 4.6 32 25 Near Darkund, District Chamba 76 20 62 1996 5 9 4 32 50 Near Kuntka Matha,DIstrict 76 19 Chamba 63 1996 5 23 4.2 32 42 Near East of Kagal Dhar, District 76 29 Chamba
64 1996 7 14 4.1 32 37 Near East of Dhan Kanda, DIstrict 76 31 Chamba 65 1996 9 14 4.6 32 49 Near Kala Ka Bhandar,District 76 22 Chamba
66 1997 7 29 4.7 31 33 Near Baldwara, District Mandi 76 48 67 1997 8 13 4.2 31 12 Near Jajjar, District Solan 76 41 68 1998 10 17 4.5 32 12 Near Kandha, District Kangra 76 32 69 1999 5 30 4.9 31 48 36 Near Miyang 78 54 36 Lung,District Kinnaur 70 1999 1 8 4.2 31 26 24 Near Mehog,District 77 18 00 Mandi
71 1999 5 30 4.9 31 48 36 Near Miyang Lung,District Kinnaur 78 54 36 72 1999 1 8 4.1 31 22 48 Near Karsog,District 77 17 24 Mandi 72 2000 4 28 4.1 31 30 36 Near mehbar, District 78 15 00 kinnaur 73 2000 8 28 4.5 32 01 48 78 18 00 74 2000 9 26 4 30 55 12 75 39 00
75 2000 6 17 4.3 31 48 00 Near Nalpaya, 78 27 00 DIstrict Kinnaur 76 2001 6 17 4.2 32 42 36 78 26 24 77 2001 1 22 4 31 04 12 Along Uttranchal 77 55 48 Border 78 2001 2 23 4 30 55 48 Along Uttranchal 78 00 00 Border 79 2001 9 18 5.1 33 13 12 75 36 36 80 2001 14 4.7 32 31 12 Near Pundla, District Chamba 76 06 00 81 2001 23 4.6 33 07 12 75 40 12 82 2002 1 27 5.1 33 06 36 75 49 48 83 2002 3 17 4.1 32 46 48 75 55 48 84 2002 2 17 4.1 33 06 00 75 40 48
(Source: IMD: India Meteorological Department, DLDH- Oldam (1883), ISS: International Seismological Summary, PDE: Preliminary Determination of Earthquakes)
Kangra earthquake of 1905 (M=8.0) and Dharamshala earthquake of 26th April 1986 (M=5.7) indicates that the region surrounding Dharamshala is marked by complex tectonic environment where the slow accumulation of strain and its sudden release along the regional or local thrust sheets may lead to earthquake activity. Dharamshala region had also witnessed an earthquake of magnitude 5.0 on 15th June 1978. Similarly Kinnaur area had experienced an earthquake on 19 Jan. 1975 (M=6.7). As per the recent study done by Remote Sensing Cell of the Council using the satellite data and the past epicenter data of Himachal Pradesh there are certain gaps which may be referred as micro seismic gaps in the northwestern and south eastern parts of the state where stresses are still accumulated and can be the possible areas for future seismicity.
Palampur Town Kangra Temple
earthquake of 1986 of earthquake Dharamshala
Sundernagar earthquake
After 1905 Kangra Earthquake
It is also seen that according to seismic zoning map of the State, mainly Chamba(53.2%)Hamirpur(90.9%) Kangra(98.6%) Kullu(53.1%) Mandi(97.4%) have 53 to 93.6% of their area liable to severest design intensity of MSK IX or more, the remaining area of these districts being liable to the next severe intensity VIII. Two districts Bilaspur(25.3%) and Una (37.0%) also have substantial area in MSK IX and rest in MSK VIII. The remaining districts also are liable to intensity VIII. As a whole about 32% of the total geographical area of Himachal Pradesh falls in the High Seismic Zone, zone V. Kangra earthquake of 1905 (M=8.0) and Dharamshala earthquake of 26th April 1986 (M=5.7) indicates that the region surrounding Dharamshala is marked by complex tectonic environment where the slow accumulation of strain and its sudden release along the regional or local thrust sheets may lead to earthquake activity. Dharamshala region had also witnessed an earthquake of magnitude 5.0 on 15th June 1978. Similarly Kinnaur area had experienced an earthquake on 19 Jan. 1975 (M=6.7). As per the recent study done by Remote Sensing Cell of the Council using the satellite data and the past epicenter data of Himachal Pradesh there are certain gaps which may be referred as micro seismic gaps in the northwestern and south eastern parts of the state where stresses are still accumulated and can be the possible areas for future seismicity.
Unfortunately in spite of the probable maximum seismic intensities being very high, the house types mostly fall under category A consisting of walls of clay mud, unburnt bricks or random rubble masonry without any earthquake resistant features. (Table -II) Even in the seven districts cited in the above table, the category A houses account for very high percentage even (96%). The situation in the remaining five districts is not much different. Now all such houses are liable to total collapse if intensity IX or more actually occurs in future and will have sever damage called destruction with very large cracks and partial collapse even in intensity VIII areas.
Also the burnt brick constructions classified as category B do not have the earthquake resistant features, namely good cement mortar, seismic bands and roof types etc. Therefore they will also be liable to severe damage under intensity IX, as well as in VIII.
DISTRICT WITH EQ INTENSITIES AND BUILDING TYPES:
Sr.No. Name of MSK MSK A-cat A-cat B-cat C-cat X-cat Distt.(Total No. IX or VIII of Housing more Units) %area %area (Clay) (Stone) (Brick) (Concrete) (GI and other metal sheets)
1 Kangra(397728 98.6 1.4 75.6 5.77 16.19 0.72 1.72
2 Mandi(313362) 97.4 2.6 19.12 73.9 3.47 3.14 0.37
3 Hamirpur(144408) 90.9 9.1 77.25 8.47 13.4 0.33 0.56
4 Chamba(145344) 63.2 36.8 7.95 84.3 3.25 3.03 1.46
5 Kullu(123455) 53.1 46.9 1.22 88.69 3 6.8 0.3
6 Una(129538) 37 63 47.96 4.72 44.86 0.59 1.87
7 Bilaspur(111107) 25.3 74.7 48.35 40.23 9.33 1.24 0.86
8 Solan(139261) 2.4 97.6 29.97 39.09 28.24 1.25 1.45
9 Lahaul 1.1 98.9 31.83 64.25 0.14 1.02 2.77 &Spiti(14521) 10 Kinnaur(39351) ---- 100 0.36 73.41 1.31 22.6 2.28
11 Shimla(266871) ---- 100 8.68 69.96 12.96 6.88 1.52 12 Sirmour(150990) ---- 100 8.29 74.45 13.46 1.02 2.77
(Source: Vulnerability Atlas of Himachal Pradesh,1997)
In one of the case studies, damage potential of an earthquake of magnitude 8.0 on Richter scale to the housing in Kangra district has been worked out by referring to what happened during 1905 earthquake. The potential damage to various types of houses has been attempted for a hypothetical earthquake with a magnitude of 8.0 on the Richter scale based on 1991 census. The following scenario has emerged:
(a) Completely collapsed houses 1,36,000
(b) Those partly destroyed and partly having large 2,63,000 and deep cracks which require reconstruction
(c) Those without total or partial collapses but with 9,16,000 large cracks. Some of these may have to be reconstructed but most requirable with 15 to 20% of the cost of reconstruction.
(d) Those with small cracks, repairable with evacuation 3,58,000
(e) Those with only fine cracks or no damage 1,43,000
(f) Number of potential deaths 65,000
Economic losses may amount to Rs. 5000 Crores besides amount spent on relief and temporary sheltering ( Price index of 1997)
If on the other hand all such houses were initially built with earthquake resistant feature in kutcha as well as puckka houses, the damage scenario will change as follows : Total collapsed houses 8300
Destroyed with partial collapse 95000
Deep large cracks 312400
Small cracks 648000
Estimated loss of human lives 12000 Economic loss estimated is reduced to Rs.1960 Crores. Besides the cost of relief and temporary sheltering will also be reduce to one third of the above. From the above discussions it is clear that the state of Himachal Pradesh has a history of earthquakes and the buildings by and large are vulnerable to damage in the event of an earthquake. The largest earthquake recorded (January 31,1906) in Columbia –Ecuador and March 2,1933 in Japan had a Richter magnitude of above 8.9 because the rocks can only be strained so much before breaking. This magnitude is about the limit, which can be produced by tectonic means in Earth. Most sensitive modern seismographs can measure earthquakes that can be felt by human beings.
OBJECTIVES: In order to create awareness at the grass root level about the construction of earthquake resistant houses in Himachal Pradesh, the State Council for Technology & Environment organized demonstration workshop at Reckong Peo for the participants of Kinnaur,& Spiti Sub Division of Lahul&Spiti District, Himachal Pradesh. The workshop was organized at Bachat Bhawan, Reckong Peo, Kinnaur on 29-30th July 2016. Central Building Research Institute Roorkee provided the full technical support during the two days workshop. The workshop was organized with the following objectives:
To create awareness about the disaster in general and the earthquakes in particular and amongst the grass root level Junior Engineers and Masons of Development Blocks of Kinnaur Division. To impart hands-on training to the Masons and Junior Engineers about the different earthquake resistant features to have earthquake resistant houses in rural areas of Himachal Pradesh. Capacity building of trained human resource development in having earthquake resistant constructions in Himachal Pradesh.
APPROACH:
The two organizations, HPSCST&E Shimla and CBRI Roorkee accordingly shouldered the responsibilities jointly and worked together for successful organization of the training programme at Reckong Peo, Kinnaur. The HPCST&E mobilized the trainee participants from different blocks of the Kinnaur & Spiti Sub-Division and looked after for all local arrangements of venue, stay of the faculty and trainees including travel and meals of the trainee participants. CBRI on its part provided full technical support, faculty, readers and course materials and planning & arranging of technical sessions, demonstrations, hands on practice sessions, film show etc. The Deputy Commissioner of the Kinnaur actively participated and provided full infrastructural support like their auditorium, demonstration site and AV facilities for organizing the programme.
PROBLEMS OF HOUSING IN HILLS:
The study of Rural Housing in the hills of HP identified some of the following problems which predominantly affect quality of housing constructions and living as – Difficulty of getting suitable orientation on the hill slopes.
Problems of soil erosion and land slides.
Dense forest area and Restrictions by the forest department
Limitations on the height of the building due to earthquake risk.
High cost involved in the site development due to the cutting and the filling of hill slopes to obtain a flat terrace for construction.
Non-availability of motorable roads to construction site making transport of material to site difficult and costly.
INAUGURAL PROGRAMME:
The two days demonstration workshop was formally inaugurated by Shri Jagat Singh Negi, Hon’ble Deputy Speaker, an d Himachal Pradesh. At outset ,Sh.Kunal Satyarthi,IFS, Chief Scientific Officer-cum- Joint Member Secretary, State Council for Science Technology & Environment welcomed the Chief Guest ,Sh. Jagat Singh Negi, Hon’ble Deputy Speaker, Himachal Pradeh, Dr.N.K.Lath ,Deputy Commissioner Kinnaur and the Guest of Honour at this occasion, Dr.N.Gopal Krishanan, Director CBRI Roorkee and his team, Sh.Ajay Kumar Lal,IFS Director (Env) Govt. of Himachal Pradesh –cum- Member Secretary State Council for Science Technology, print and electronic media and the esteemed participants from various departments like PWD, IPH, DRDA, all the Development Blocks, Agriculture, Forest, Horticulture, Home Guards & Civil Defense, Fire, Boder Road Organization, Himachal Pradesh Police and the Indo Tibetan Border Police(ITBP) in Kinnaur district. Sh.Kunal briefly apprised the dignitaries and the participants about the objectives of the programme and the work done by the Department on disaster management at various platforms.
Sh.Ajay Kumar Lal, Director (Env) in his opening address, presented an overall view of the seismicity in Himachal Pradesh and its vulnerability over the years as far as various hazards are concerned. Sh.Ajay informed that though we may not be able to avoid the occurrence of an earthquake yet we can certainly minimize its impact by having proper pre disaster management plans. So far our focus had been on relief and rehabilitation measures, little attention has been paid to disaster risk reduction strategies. Lack of such coherent disaster reduction strategies coupled with the absence of a ‘culture of prevention’ is a serious gap in the existing approach of Disaster Management Plans in almost at all levels. In continuation to this , he further said that we have to equip ourselves through adequate polices and strategies for minimising vulnerability & hazards. Building of institutional capabilities and community preparedness is of paramount importance in this context and is immediately required. Creating and propagating the concept of safety culture in the society is also crucial to ensure desired preparedness. Inputs like education, awareness, training and capacity building also play a significant role. It is in this context, this workshop has great relevance. The two days deliberations and interaction with Junior Engineers from PWD ,DRDA and Block level Masons is being organized by the State Council for Science Technology & Environment & CBRI Roorkee would be helpful in creating awareness amongst our grass root level workers like and Masons and the Junior Engineers who are pioneering in constructing most of the construction in different sectors.
Dr.N.Gopal Krishnan, Director CBRI, Roorkee in his keynote address highlighted the lessons learnt by the Engineers during the earlier Earthquake damages caused to both life and property. Dr. Krishnan briefed on theoretical and practical resistant structures and briefed on how the desired strength, ductility and other structural parameters are taken into the design considerations. He further elaborated on various provisions highlighted in NBC & BIS codes, develop of which were subsequently discussed by CBRI faculty during the training.
Dr.N.K.Lath, Deputy Commissioner Kinnaur and the Guests of Honour on this occasion in his address welcomed the Chief Guest, CBRI Director and his team to Kinnaur and the dignitaries and the participants from the various stakeholder departments of the Kinnaur and Spiti Sub division of the Lahaul & Spiti District. He further said that this workshop would be of great relevance to the officers from his district as this district has been facing lot of problems due to the natural hazards mainly the landslides and floods over the years. He further said that the earthquake vulnerability of this district is also very high and had witnessed an earthquake in the year 1975 where lot of damage occurred. He assured that our officers would implement the learning from this workshop in the field and also guide the other local people of the area so that the post disaster effects are minimized.
Dr.S.S.Randhawa, Senior Scientific Officer from the State Council for Science Technology & Environment in his presentation gave an overview of the hazard vulnerability of the State with special reference to the District Kinnaur and Lahaul & Spiti. He apprised the august gathering about the various mitigation measures being taken at the state level as far as the management of these hazards is concerned. He also presented an overview of the work done by the State Council and the manpower trained so far in this sector through various training programmes.
Shri Jagat Singh Negi, Hon’ble Deputy Speaker, and the Chief Guest on this occasion in his inaugural address also welcomed the Director and his team to District Kinnaur. He further said this this district is highly fragile and the vulnerability of the district from different hazards is very high. A lot number of new problems have been developed because of the one or the other reasons in the district. He said that by organizing awareness cum demonstration workshops for the grass root level works would be great importance as these are our pillars and pioneers in all construction activities in our rural areas. Such grass root level trainings would help in adoption of suitable Earthquake Resistant Technologies and serve the larger interest of the Himalayan State, which falls in Zone IV & V by the norms of the earthquake definitions. The chief guest appreciated the joint effort of HPCST&E and CBRI, Roorkee for taking up an interesting societal programme. He advised the trainee participants to learn appropriate techniques with full dedication and a commitment in order to take and transfer them further for field implementations in all future construction activities. The Chief Guest also suggested for inclusion of a discussion on suitable retrofitting techniques in the training curriculum so as to help and get them implemented in the improvement of the existing houses and making them earthquake resistant.
Dr. Y.Pandey, Chief Scientist, CBRI, Roorkee highlighted the programme details and training schedule of 2 days which provided equal stress on theoretical training to engineers and onsite demonstration/training to masons.
th He briefed on CSIR-800 RSWNET programme of the XII Five Year Plan and informed about CBRI contribution for Dissemination, training and demonstration of Rural Housing Technologies under the CSIR-800 programme. He then introduced the resource group of 5 member team of CBRI Scientists and briefed on the contents of two technical readers one in Hindi especially distributed among mason artisans in simple language with illustrative sketches and another in English containing brief on some 20 selected technologies for distribution among the engineer-trainees.
FACULTY:
The following 7 CBRI scientists participated as resource faculty for organization of the programme:
Dr. N.GopalKrishnan, Director, CBRI,Roorkee Shri S K Negi, Scientist, Architect Dr. Y.Pandey, Chief Scientist. Shri H K Jain, Tech. Officer Civil Engg. Dr. Ajay Chousaria, Tech. Officer, Civil Engg Er. Rajeev, Civil Engg. Er. Manoj, Civil Engg. The main officials from HP CST&E, Shimla associated with the organization of the Programme included; Dr. S S Randhawa, Scientific Officer, HP CST&E, Shimla Shri Chander Verma, Asst. Controller(F&A) Sh.Gopal Jain, Head Draughtsman Sh.Ishant Rai, Project Associate
Faculty Photo I
Faculty Photo II
PARTICIPANTS:
The trainees of the programme were junior engineers and masons derived mainly from various Block Development Offices of the district of Kinnuar & Lahul Spiti Divisions. Some NGOs and individuals engaged in rural development, civil construction and housing activities also participated in the programme. The programme was attended by about 145 trainees consisting of social workers, engineers from government departments, volunteers, and masons from various nearby villages. Interestingly the attendance kept on increasing every subsequent day as news of the programme spread by news paper publicity and word of mou.
List of the participants for Two Days Awareness-cum Demonstration workshop on the Designs for the Earthquake Resistant Constructions in rural areas for the Junior Engineers and Masons of Kinnuar & Lahul Spiti Districts of Himachal Pradesh
Sr. Name & Designation Address Contact E-mail District No. Number
1 Mohan Singh (JE) IPH Deptt. Kaza 8988306747 [email protected] Lahul & Division Spiti
2 Inder Singh (JE) IPH Deptt. Kaza 9459940473 [email protected] Lahul & Division Spiti
3 Harish Kumar (JE) HPPWD Kaza 9459650763 [email protected] Lahul & Division Spiti
4 Bharat Bhushan Bhatia HPPWD Kaza 9459656103 [email protected] Lahul & (JE) Division Spiti
5 Sunil Kumar Chauhan (JE) HPPWD Kaza 9459659856 [email protected] Lahul & Division Spiti
6 Jeevan Prakash Sharma Horticulture 9805087192 Kinnaur Deptt. R/Peo
7 Sharwan Singh Negi Horticulture 9418647906 Kinnaur Deptt. R/Peo 8 Shobha Singh (JE) IPH Deptt. Kaza 8982044259 [email protected] Lahul & Division Spiti
9 Jeet Ram (Insp/GD) ITBP R/Peo 8988448001 Kinnaur
10 Rajneesh Kumar IPH Deptt. Pooh 8988170641 [email protected] Kinnaur
11 Hem Singh (AEO) Agriculture 9418307557 [email protected] Kinnaur Deptt. R/Peo
12 Yadvinder Kumar (AEO) Agriculture 9418382643 [email protected] Kinnaur Deptt. R/Peo
13 Jagat Singh Negi (JE) IPH Sub division 9418956756 [email protected] Kinnaur Yangthang, Pooh
14 Prakash Chand (JE) BDO Kaza 9418123256 Lahul & Spiti
15 Kalzang Pnunchuq BDO Kaza 9459214678 [email protected] Lahul & (Tech.Asst.) Spiti
16 Surender Sankhyan BDO Kaza 9459209601 [email protected] Lahul & (Tech.Asst.) Spiti
17 Yanzin Chheweng BDO Kaza 9459347008 Lahul & Spiti 18 Takpa (Pradhan) Gram Panchayat 9459846081 Lahul & Lossar Spiti
19 Zangchuk (Pradhan) Gram Panchayat 9459239450 Lahul & kungri Spiti
20 Padma Kesang(Pradhan) Gram Panchayat 9459994071 Lahul & Tabo Spiti
21 Lobzang Angchuk BDO Kaza 9459889070 [email protected] Lahul & (Tech.Asst.) Spiti 22 Panmer Dorjee (JE) BDO Pooh 9418212327 Kinnaur
23 Anita Negi (Pradhan) Gram Panchayat 9805221774 Kinnaur Kilba, Teh. Sangla
24 Praveen Kumar Gram Panchayat 9816518889 Kinnaur (Pradhan) Kalpa
25 Sanjay Kumar (JE) BDO Kalpa 9459039454 Kinnaur
26 Basant Lal (Pradhan) Gram Panchayat 8894343580 Kinnaur Urni
27 Suresh Kumar (JE) HPPWD R/Peo 9418423277 [email protected] Kinnaur
28 Sati Devi (Pradhan) Gram Panchayat 9418383095 Kinnaur Telangi
29 Sher Singh (JE) BDO Kalpa 9459386929 [email protected] Kinnaur
30 Nokhi Ram (Mason) VPO Kalpa 9459228980 Kinnaur
31 Gulab Singh (Mason) VPO Kalpa 9816933072 Kinnaur
32 Gopal Singh (Mason) Vill. Kashmir PO 9418338829 Kinnaur Kothi, Teh. Kalpa
33 Chain ram Negi Gram Panchyat 9805629464 Kinnaur (Pradhan) Sapni
34 Shamsher Singh (HDO) Horticulture 8894557112 Kinnaur Deptt. R/Peo 35 Dr. Naveen Kumar (Asst. Dy. Director AH 9418100065 [email protected] Kinnaur Director)
36 Anil Kumar (JE) HPPWD Sangla 8628911886 Kinnaur
37 Sanjeet Mehta (JE) IPH Deptt. Pooh 9805559903 Kinnaur
38 Gopal Mehta Deputy Ranger 9816874273 Kinnaur
39 Satya Devi (Tech. Asst.) BDO Kalpa 9418963046 Kinnaur
40 Vidya Bhagti (Tech.Asst.) BDO Kalpa 9816996301 Kinnaur
41 Sohan Lal Negi (DY. Block Nichar 9459977001 Kinnaur Ranger)
42 Sunil Kumar (Bari Beat) Bari beat 9816761847 Kinnaur
43 Bhagwan Singh Negi Panvi Beat 9816176901 Kinnaur (Forest guard)
44 Devi Das Thakur(RO) Katgaon 9418132922 [email protected] Kinnaur
45 Bali Ram (Tech.Asst.) Gram Panchayat 8628884404 Kinnaur Panvi
46 Veena Kumari(Pradhan) Gram Panchayat 9816053096 Kinnaur Sudharang
47 Pawan Kumar Negi (RFO) Nichar 9805194317 Kinnaur
48 Tejinder (Pradhan) Pangi 9459000044 Kinnaur
49 Jaswir Singh Negi Gram Panchayat 9418109007 Kinnaur (Pradhan) Khawangi 50 SitaRam Negi DD News Kinnuar 9418963370 Kinnaur
51 Chet Ram Home Guard 9805952887 Kinnaur Negi(Commander) R/Peo
52 Mehar Chand Home Guard 8894213144 Kinnaur R/Peo
53 Gaurav Sharma(ADO) Block Kalpa 9418066535 Kinnaur
54 Sharda devi (Pradhan) Kothi 8894536868 Kinnaur
55 Balbir Singh(Mason) Block Nichar 9816113568 Kinnaur
56 Ram Bhagat (Mason) Block Brelingi 9805272811 Kinnaur
57 Narender VPO Duni, Kalpa 7807316378 Kinnaur
58 Sunil kumar R/Peo 9816817560 [email protected] Kinnaur Verma(forest guard)
59 Dev Raj Negi(Mason) VPO Bari,Teh 8988244438 Kinnaur Nichar
60 SantRam (Mason) VPO Bari,Teh 9418255895 Kinnaur Nichar
61 Ashok Kumar Negi VPO Bari,Teh 9459793464 Kinnaur (Mason) Nichar
62 Devi Singh BO Choltu, Teh. 9418065984 Kinnaur Nichar
63 Veena Kumari(Pradhan) Gram Panchayat 9418983501 Kinnaur Dhooni, Teh. Kalpa 64 Basant Kumar HPSEB, Kalpa 9805185515 Kinnaur
65 Rajinder Singh Negi (RO) Bhavanagar 9816906392 Kinnaur
66 Rigzin Dorjee Home Guard 8628084651 Kinnaur R/Peo
67 Shravan Kumar(Mason) Powari Teh. 9805975852 Kinnaur Nichar
68 Snadeep Kumar(JE) Block Nichar 8894027832 [email protected] Kinnaur
69 Scahin Kumar Gram Panchayat 9805973005 Kinnaur Negi(Pradhan) Sangla
70 H.L.Chandel(RO) Kilba 8988244224 Kinnaur
71 R.L Negi (Deputy Ranger) Kilba 8894442212 Kinnaur
72 Bikram Singh (Pradhan) Gram Panchayat 9816714349 Kinnaur Kamru
73 Prem Lal (Pradhan) 9805629132 Kinnaur
74 Kabir Chand Negi(BFO) Katgaon 9418588869 Kinnaur
75 Layak Ram (Forest Shudharang 9805841501 Kinnaur Worker)
76 Seema Kumari(Pradhan) Batseri 9418966730 Kinnaur
77 Padam Chand(Pradhan) Gram Pachayat 9418963270 Kinnaur Roghi
78 Usha Mangesh (Clerk) Deputy SSO, 8894501755 Kinnaur Kinnuar 79 Raj Kumari(Pradhan) Gram Panchayat 8894501755 Kinnaur Chitkul
80 Sher Singh Negi(Pradhan) Gram Panchayat 9805721707 Kinnaur Pushbul
81 D R 9816311915 Kinnaur 82 R S Negi Coop. Soc. 9418096031 Kinnaur
83 L.R.Negi Horticulture 9418579200 Kinnaur Deptt. R/Peo
84 Vinod Kumar(Tech.Asst.) Kalpa 9805610933 Kinnaur
85 Kishori Lal (Tech. Asst.) Bari 8894140501 Kinnaur
86 Nirmla Devi(Tech. Asst.) Block Nichar 9459883533 Kinnaur
87 Sudershan Kumar(JE) BDO Nichar 9418233996 Kinnaur
88 Daulat Singh(Tech.Asst.) BDO Nichar 9805853154 Kinnaur
89 M.R. Negi HPPWD, Kalpa 9418020450 Kinnaur
90 Rahul Thakur(AE) HPPWD R/Peo 9416932812 Kinnaur
91 Vidya Kumar (JE) HPPWD R/Peo 9805180345 Kinnaur
92 Brijesh Singh Assistant D.O. 9418366200 Kinnaur
93 Sita Ram (Press All india Radio Kinnaur Reporter) 94 Radha Krishnan Doordarshan 8894250733 Kinnaur (Reporter)
95 Rikhi Ram (ASI) R/Peo 9816291250 Kinnaur
96 Sunil Dutt HP Police R/Peo 9418110507 Kinnaur
97 Ram Negi HHG Sangla 9805522961 Kinnaur
98 Jhabe Ram (Driver) HP Vidhan Sabha 9418018028 Kinnaur
99 Sunil Kumar(Driver) DPRO R/Peo 9816907700 Kinnaur
100 Ranjeeet Singh S.P. Office R/Peo 9418858234 Kinnaur
101 Devinder Singh Police Line R/Peo 9805631724 Kinnaur
102 Ajay Negi(PSO) DC Office, 9459622888 Kinnaur Kinnuar
103 Birbal Singh(Driver) DC Office, 9816894179 Kinnaur Kinnuar
104 Yog Raj VPO Pangi 9459212147 Kinnaur
105 Sujan Singh(Driver) CMO, Office 9418190231 Kinnaur
106 Apil (JE) HPPWD, Tapri 8988008058 [email protected] Kinnaur Division
107 Om Prakash Singh DC, FCSS, R/Peo 9418981366 [email protected] Kinnaur
108 Chander Gopal Negi VPO Jassi Teh 9418981650 Kinnaur Moorang 109 Devkinand VPO Kothi Teh. 9816075799 Kinnaur Kalpa
110 Om Prakash Police Line R/Peo 9857209424 Kinnaur
111 Deep Lal Supritendent 8894029659 Kinnaur
112 Om Prakash Negi 9459980301 Kinnaur
113 Dr. Vidya Sagar(CMO) CMO Kinnuar 9418129867 [email protected] Kinnaur
114 D S Raghu(RM) HRTC R/Peo 9418000553 Kinnaur
115 L.K.Juryal(AE) HPPWD Kalpa 9418450898 [email protected] Kinnaur
116 Vivek Kumar(JE) HPPWD 9816435558 [email protected] Kinnaur Bhavanagar
117 Litesh Guleria(JE) HPPWD 9736430008 [email protected] Kinnaur Bhavanagar
118 Jagjeet Negi(Asst.) Animal 9418080439 [email protected] Kinnaur Husbandry
119 Rajeev (Er. Tech. Officer) CBRI Roorkee 9412074553 [email protected] Uttrakhand
120 Dr. N. CBRI Roorkee 1332283323 [email protected] Uttrakhand GopalKrishanan(Director)
121 Y. Pandey(Chief Scientist) CBRI Roorkee 9411100294 [email protected] Uttrakhand
122 S.K.Negi(Scientist) CBRI Roorkee 9412968993 Uttrakhand
123 Dr. Ajay Chaurasia(Sr. CBRI Roorkee 9897209050 [email protected] Uttrakhand Principal Scientist) 124 H.K.Jain(Pr. Tech. Officer) CBRI Roorkee 9319659656 Uttrakhand
125 Manoj Tyagi (Asst.) CBRI Roorkee 9897607490 [email protected] Uttrakhand
126 Lal Chand (Driver) DEST Shimla-I 9805412120 Shimla
127 Prithivi Raj VPO Kalpa 9805695423 Kinnaur
128 Samrat VPO Kalpa 9805118298 [email protected] Kinnaur
129 Shailender Chauhan DC Office, 9218503042 [email protected] Kinnaur (Distt. Coordinator) Kinnuar
130 Jagat Paul(AE) HPPWD Harog 9459008346 [email protected] Kinnaur
131 Dr. S. S.Randhawa(Sr. HPSCST&E,Shimla 9418382126 [email protected] Shimla Scientific Officer)
132 Gopal Jain(HDM) HPSCST&E,Shimla 9418109246 [email protected] Shimla
133 Durgesh Chand(Driver) HPSCST&E,Shimla 9418930557 Shimla
134 Surinder Singh(Driver) HPSCST&E,Shimla 8091023677 Shimla
135 Nisha Kumari(JE) BDO, Kalpa 9805821008 Kinnaur
136 Ishant Rai(Project HPSCST&E,Shimla 9418089063 [email protected] Shimla Associate)
137 Mamta Kumari(JE) BDO Kalpa 8894016431 [email protected] Kinnaur
138 Indrajit Punjabi Hotel The Grand, 8988116778 [email protected] Kinnaur Kalpa
139 Vidya Chand 9805375233 Kinnaur 140 Hukam Sen Negi Kinnaur 141 Vikas Thakur(JE) BDO,Kalpa 7833027102 [email protected] Kinnaur
COURSE CONTENTS:
Based on the geographical study, availability of resource materials and skills, living pattern of the villagers and also looking into the strengths, weaknesses and future possibilities, the course contents of the programme were designed to meet various housing needs of the region.
The training course mainly covered;
Planning of Rural Housing Earthquake, wind and fire resistant Housing. Earthquake features & Tips for housing in Zone ‘V’ region. Fire and Rain Resistant Mud & Thatch Construction, Plinth protection of existing mud+stone walls Selection, treatment and structural use of bamboo Rural sanitation – 2 pit sanitary latrine and waste water disposal system Quality Control in Rural Housing Improved Building Materials and Construction Technologies for Rural Housing Precast RC Plank and Brick Panel roofing Systems, C-Bricks and Concrete Blocks, C-Bricks, sand+cement bricks Ferrocement Products and Applications Rural Housing for Improved Quality of Life: Cooling, Ventilation, day lighting, smokeless chullah, chimney, Rain water harvesting, Terrafill water filter etc. The programme was adequately supplemented with field demonstrations, models, Power Point presentations, and a technical exhibition that was also put up at the venue. Himachal Pradesh being prone to earthquakes, landslides, heavy rains, winds and fire hazards, all the faculty members stressed on the design and construction of hazard resistant houses using locally available materials and skills.
DEMONSTRATIONS:
Hands –on – training and demonstrations were arranged on the following for the engineers and masons, live or by using models and AV display;
Correct method of providing vertical steel bars in brick masonry, laying earthquake bands in buildings and mud houses, bonds at corners and junctions of walls Rat-trap bond brick masonry
Fire and rain resistant thatch roof Production of cement sand bricks C-brick machine and process Precast RC plank and Brick panel systems of roofing Concrete & stone masonry blocks Two pit rural latrine Rural waste water disposal system Methods of protecting mud walls against floods and rains Bamboo reinforced ferrocement wall cladding Demonstrations and Hands-on-training organized at Kinnaur, Reckong Peo
HANDS ON CLIPPING
HANDS ON CLIPPING
FILM SCREENING: A film on Stone and Concrete masonry Blocks and another on Earthquake resistant construction of rural houses were also screened on the second day of the programme. The film together with live demonstrations of several technologies and a hands-on-practice opportunity to the mason trainees has significantly helped in understanding of the details of technicalities, working methodologies which are important for the field implementation.
COURSE MATERIALS:
Technical Books, containing details of technologies and materials covered in the programme, in English for engineers and in Hindi for masons was specially designed and distributed. Bound volume of the book was distributed among all participants along with a simple training kit. The book provides adequate details of all topics that were covered in the training programme and additional technical details on topics that could be of interest to engineers and masons engaged in rural housing in Kinnaur region of Himachal Pradesh.
INTERACTIVE AND CONCLUDING PROGRAMME:
The interactive session and concluding programme was Chaired by Shri Y.Pandey, Chief Scientist, CBRI, Roorkee, Uttrakhand. On the concluding day a problem solving session evoked a very good response from the participants wherein housing construction problems, appropriate economical rural Housing technologies, disaster resistant housing, use of local stone and sand in the construction were some of the main issues discussed. The trainees freely participated in the interactive session and expressed their views which mainly pertained to the usefulness for the field engineers and construction workers. Some engineers expressed their doubt for adoption of newer technologies in Government Construction works unless these are incorporated in state PWD specifications and schedule of rates. Trainees expressed their satisfaction about the contents of the training technical readers and the method of imparting training which stressed more on clarity, field demonstration and hands-on practice sessions for mason artisans. They concurred that joint session with field construction engineers and masons helps in better mutual understanding and improving good quality practices/norms in construction. Some entrepreneurs in the area are manufacturing hollow and solid concrete blocks. Since the cost of such blocks is high and quality is poor, technical guidance and planned effort is needed to train such entrepreneurs. HPCST&E with technical assistance from CBRI may introduce good production practices in the region and initiate few programme to ensure practical implementation of these technologies. Few NGOs have come forward to arrange more such programmes at the grass root level in villages and desired to have support from HPSCST&E and CBRI, Roorkee.
MEDIA PUBLICITY:
The training attracted wide attention of all local media people, who highlighted the programme. A large number of newspapers published reports on the programme prominently for all the 2 days continuously. Learning from newspapers, new participants joined the training programme in the successive day.
ACKNOLWEDGEMENT:
The State Council for Science Technology is highly thankful to Dr. N.Gopalkrishnan, Director, Central Building Research Institute Roorkee for organising the programme in the State of Himachal Pradesh. We are also thankful to the whole team of Central Building of Research Institute, Roorkee for providing full technical support in terms of resource faculty and the resource material etc.for organizing the training programme successfully. The guidance and the moral support extended by worthy Additional Chief Secretary (Env.S&T) to the Govt. of Himachal Pradesh and the Member Secretary (EC) State Council for Science, Technology & Environment is duly acknowledged. Logistic support extended by the Deputy Commissioner, Kinnaur, Sub Divisional Magistrate, Reckong Peo, Suprintendent of Police, Kinnaur, Executive Engineer IPH Kinnaur, Executive Engineeer HPSEB, Kinnaur, ITBP Commander, Kinnaur, Deputy Director Agriculture and the Divisional Forest Officer Kinnaur is duly acknowledged. The local electronic as well as the print media is also acknowledged for the wider circulation of the event.
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