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Collaborative Planning for Development of the Pelawan Biodiversity Park in Bangka, Indonesia

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Collaborative Planning for Development of the Pelawan Biodiversity Park in Bangka, Indonesia BIODIVERSITAS ISSN: 1412-033X Volume 18, Number 4, October 2017 E-ISSN: 2085-4722 Pages: 1602-1610 DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d180439 Collaborative planning for development of the Pelawan Biodiversity Park in Bangka, Indonesia DIAN AKBARINI1,2, JOHAN ISKANDAR1,3,4, RUHYAT PARTASASMITA3,4,♥ 1Postgraduate of Environmental Science (PSMIL & DIL), Universitas Padjadjaran. Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia 2Board of Development Planning and Regional Develoment Research of the Central Bangka District. Jl. Titian Puspa 2, Koba, Central Bangka District, Bangka-Belitung Archipelago Province, Indonesia 3Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia. Tel.: +62-22-77912. ♥email: [email protected], [email protected] 4Institute of Ecology (PPSDAL), Universitas Padjadjaran. Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia Manuscript received: 13 June 2017. Revision accepted: 12 October 2017. Abstract. Akbarini D, Iskandar J, Partasasmita R. 2017. Collaborative planning for development of the Pelawan Biodiversity Park in Bangka, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 18: 1602-1610. Pelawan Biodiversity Park is located in the village of Namang, Sub-district of Namang, District of Central Bangka. The Pelawan Biodiversity Park with a size of approximately 47 hectares is intended as a conservation area in Bangka to protect various distinctive plants and animals, especially the plant species Tristaniopsis merguensis (Griff.) Peter G.Wilson & J.T.Waterh. A preliminary review of Pelawan Biodiversity Park management planning was undertaken between January and March 2017. The purpose of this preliminary review was to obtain information for planning and managing the Pelawan Biodiversity Park which has an important function for conservation, ecotourism and research in the Central Bangka District. The method used for the study was qualitative with field data collection; namely observation, intensive interviews with informants and analysis of documentation. The results of the study show that the management planning for Pelawan Biodiversity Park has not been implemented collaboratively with stakeholders. Furthermore, the potential for biodiversity in the Palawan Biodiversity Parks has not been properly analyzed and used to develop strategies for conversation, ecotourism and research. The proposed solution to this deficiency in the planning of the Pelawan Biodiversity Park is to invite relevent stakeholders comprising village government, community leaders, universities, researchers, non-governmental organisations and private organizations to actively collaborate in the process. Keywords: Biodiversity park, collaborative planning, conservation in-situ, ecotourism, Tristaniopsis merguensis INTRODUCTION unused functions of biodiversity such as genetic resources that can allow for development of future options in Indonesia is a tropical archipelago situated between the agriculture. Biodiversity also provides for various other continents of Asia and Australia, and also located between purposes such as the development of ecotourism. two oceans, the Pacific and Indian Ocean. As a result, To conserve various species of flora and fauna, the Indonesia has a high diversity of flora and fauna, as well as Indonesian government has developed both ex-situ species a highly diverse human culture (Iskandar 2016). Based on conservation and in-situ species conservation strategies. recent data from the Indonesian Institute of Sciences Facilities for ex-situ species conservation consist of (LIPI), flora diversity in Indonesia recorded 1,500 species botanical gardens, zoological gardens, safari parks, and of algae 1,500 species of algae; 80,000 species of organisms gene banks. Facilities for in-situ species conservation with spores (i.e. Cryptograms) for example fungi; 595 comprise the nature reserves, wildlife reserves, national species of moss and 2,197 species of ferns; and 30,000- parks, national recreational parks, hunting parks, and 40,000 species of seed plants (15.5 % of the total number protection forest areas (Supriana and Sukandar 1996; of the world’s flora). Meanwhile, in terms of fauna, it is Wiratno et al. 2004). In addition, with the purpose of documented that Indonesia has 8,157 vertebrate species conserving various species and their genetic resources in (mammals, birds, herpetofauna, and fish) and 1,900 species of some places of Indonesia, the Government of the Republic butterflies (10% of the world's species) (Widjaja et al. 2014). of Indonesia through the Minister of Environment issued Biodiversity has an important role in human life, either the Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the directly or indirectly (Koziell 2001, Iskandar 2015). Republic of Indonesia Number 03 Year 2012 on Biodiversity has direct functions for human society in development of Biodiversity Parks (Taman Kehati) terms of providing subsistence and trade-able goods for (Anonymous 2012). A Biodiversity Park may be defined as village people. Indirect functions of biodiversity consist of a reserve area of local biological natural resources outside ecosystem services such as the production of oxygen and official forest areas, which have in-situ and/or ex-situ the fixing of carbon by vegetation, and the maintenance of conservation functions, especially for pollination of plants gene pools for constituent organisms. There are currently and/or seed dispersal. The Biodiversity Parks achieve this AKBARINI et al. – Development of the Pelawan Biodiversity Park in Bangka, Indonesia 1603 by maintaining the structure and composition of vegetation the Palawan Biodiversity Park. that can support resident populations of pollinating animals and seed dispersers. Currently, there are 72 Biodiversity Parks (Taman MATERIALS AND METHODS Kehati) in 22 Provinces of Indonesia. One of the Biodiversity Parks is the Pelawan Biodiversity Park located Study area in Namang Village, Namang Sub-district, Central Bangka The study was conducted at Pelawan Biodiversity Park District of Bangka Belitung Archipelago Province. The (Taman Kehati Pelawan) situated in Kalung Area, Namang Pelawan Biodiversity Park has many functions. One of Village, Namang Sub-district, Central Bangka District of them is to conserve the special tree of Pelawan/Pelawan Bangka Belitung Archipelago Province, Indonesia, located Merah (Tristaniopsis merguensis (Griff.) Peter G.Wilson & 2019’18” South latitude and 106009’51” East Longitude J.T.Waterh) This species has been recognized as one of the (Figure 1). Pelawan Biodiversity Park (Taman Kehati key species for biodiversity sustainability in Central Pelawan) with a total area of 47 hectares was built by the Bangka district, since the Pelawan Tree can guarantee the Government of Central Bangka District. The Pelawan growth of the fungus Heimioporus sp. and as a feed tree by Biodiversity Park is a forest area that lies in Namang Apis dorsata (honeybee) because the nectar of the tree is Village. The location is about 40 km from the central used as the main feed (Akbarini 2016). district. Namang village is an area of 37.76 km2 (18.47% of The development of Pelawan Biodiversity Park was Namang District). Geographically, the location of Namang initiated by the Regional Government of Central Bangka District is considered as interior, not close to the coast. District in 2013. Pelawan was chosen as the location for the Physically, Namang area is located in the lowlands at an Biodiversity Park because this area has various plant altitude of between 0 and 10 meters above sea level. species that are beneficial for the livelihood of the Topographically, it is considered flat. Namang has an community, especially the Pelawan Merah Tree average rainfall of about 1,200 mm per year (Statistics (Tristaniopsis merguensis). This plant has an important role Bureau of Bangka Tengah 2016). as host of the fungus (Heimiporus sp), and its nectar is food for Apis dorsata bees that are known to produce ‘bitter honey’. Procedure This honey is a popular product of the Bangka Belitung The study method used was qualitative (Newing et al. Archipelago Province. Moreover, the bees are important 2011; Creswell 2014). Data collection included field pollinators of various local plant species in the region. observations, in-depth interviews with several informants, Since Pelawan was first proposed as the location for a and an analysis of relevent documents. The field Biodiversity Park, so an area was proposed by the Namang observations were undertaken to determine the general Village Government as a protected area in Namang conditions of the forest area of Pelawan Biodiversity Park, Village. In addition, it was officially established through Intensive interviews were conducted with competent the Decree of the Central Bangka Regent informants. The informants were purposively chosen, No.188.45/586/DPK/2009 on the Determination of the namely key representative staffs of the Environment Kalung Area of Namang Village, Namang Sub-district, Agency of the Central Bangka District (Bappelitbangda), Central Bangka District as a Protected Area. the Forestry Service of the Provincial Government (Dinas Although biodiversity is known to play an important Kehutanan Provinsi), the Namang Sub-district role for ecological, socioeconomic and cultural functions (Kecamatan), the Namang Village, the managers of the for human well-being, loss of various species of flora and Pelawan Biodiversity Park management unit,
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