World of Wood JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL WOOD COLLECTORS SOCIETY A Dedicated Group of Wood Collectors and Crafters Volume 71, Number 3 May/June 2018

2018 — The Year of Wood Collecting World of Wood Vol. 71, No. 3 ISSN 1068-7300 May/June 2018 The International Wood Collectors Society, founded in 1947, is a non-profit society advancing information on wood.

Officers and Trustees Contents President: Elaine Hunt, Florida, USA President’s Page ...... 3 E-mail: [email protected] President Elect: Gary Green, Indiana, USA CALL FOR NOMINATIONS ...... 3 E-mail: [email protected] Vice President: Jim Ciesla, FL, USA ARTICLE SUBMISSION DUE DATE CHANGE . . 3 E-mail: [email protected] A New Label for our Samples...... 4 Secretary-Treasurer: Patti Dickherber, 12 August Alp Ct. MO, USA Writers Wanted!...... 6 Phone: 314-740-6593. E-mail: [email protected] Publications Chairman: Duane Keck, South Carolina, USA One Hundred Shrubwoods ...... 6 E-mail: [email protected] First Past President: Garry Roux, Illinois, USA One Aspect of Wood Carving in China ...... 8 E-mail: [email protected] Second Past President: Art Lee, Maryland, USA Acapuri — What is it? ...... 10 E-mail: [email protected] A Review of Selected Rosewoods and Bubinga . . 14 Endowment Fund Chairman: Greg Reed, Calgary, Alberta, Canada E-mail: [email protected] Shrubwoods of the World...... 20 Archivist: Dennis Wilson, Alpena, Michigan, USA E-mail: [email protected] Visitors to Alberta ...... 24 Regional Trustees Member Listings and Requests ...... 25 AustralAsia (2016-2019) John Lyons, Victoria, Australia Canada (Interim): Robert Ritchie, Ontario, Canada IWCS 2018 AGM Registration Form ...... 26 EuroAfrica (2018-2021): Willem Hurkmans, Crete, Greece UK (Interim): Ramsey Pattison, Essex, United Kingdom Wood Specimens for Sale or Trade ...... 27 USA Central (2014-2018): Wes Kolkmeier, Missouri,USA USA Great Lakes (2018-2020): Roger Pletcher, Indiana, USA Wood Meets ...... 30 USA NE (2016-2019) Mark Peet, Pennsylvania, USA Regis-Tree ...... 31 USA NW (Interim): Alan Curtis, Oregon, USA USA SE (2016-2019): Mark Weaver, Virginia, USA Book Review...... 31 USA SW (Interim): Dave Mouat, California, USA Committee Chairs and Service Providers All-Mail Auction: OPEN Membership Committee: Bob Chastain, Indiana,USA. New-member Correspondent: Garry Roux, Illinois, USA Nominations Committee: Garry Roux, Illinois, USA Corporate Membership: OPEN Student Membership: OPEN Membership Directory: Erlene Tarleton & Jim Ciesla, Florida, USA Website Committee: Art Lee, Maryland, USA Webmaster: Erlene Tarleton, California, USA Wood Import Permits: Alan Curtis, Oregon, USA Wood Specimen Kits: Gary Green, Indiana, USA

World of Wood is published bimonthly by the International Wood Collectors Society (IWCS). IWCS is devoted to distributing information on collecting wood, correctly identifying and Editor Mihaly Czako PhD naming wood specimens, and using wood in creative crafts. Contributions for publication E-mail: [email protected] may be educational, scientific, technical or of general interest to members and relevant to the purposes of the Society. Papers may be refereed by an Editorial Board of technically trained Associate Editors members. Authors pledge that their articles contain only materials they are copyright holders Alan Curtis — Oregon, USA of, and short quotes for which original authors are credited. The phrases ‘World of Wood’, Willem Hurkmans — Crete, Greece ‘IWCS Wood Data Sheet’ and all materials contained herein are © Copyright protected by the Morris Lake — Queensland, Australia International Wood Collectors Society. Address requests to reprint material to the Editor. David Mouat PhD — California, USA World of Wood is published as a benefit to members of the IWCS, a non-profit organization Nelis Mourik — South Holland, Netherlands of botanists, dendrologists, and other scientists, technologists, wood collectors, hobbyists and Mark Peet — Pennsylvania, USA crafts people for mutual assistance and reciprocation. Online version is in color. Chuck Ray PhD — Pennsylvania, USA Applications are available from the Secretary-Treasurer or from the IWCS website. Dues and address changes also should be directed to the Secretary-Treasurer. Webmaster: [email protected] We encourage your membership in our unique international organization. All Countries “On-Line Only”: (Couples) US $35/yr; 3 yrs/$90; 5 yrs/$125 Worldwide web : http://www.woodcollectors.org USA Hardcopy Journal: (Couples) US $40/yr; 3 yrs/$105; 5 yrs/$150 Australia Hardcopy Journal: (Couples) US $45/yr; 3 yrs/$120; 5 yrs/$175 Other countries Hardcopy Journal: (Couples) US $55/yr; 3 yrs/$150; 5 yrs/$225 Corporate “On-Line Only”: US $125/yr; 3 yrs/$325; or 5 yrs/$450; all countries Corporate Hardcopy Journal: US $150/yr; 3 yrs/$375; or 5 yrs/$525; all countries Student Member: US $15 per year; online only, all countries.

Background: Shrubwood No. 100! Flat sawn specimen Tasmanian tree fern (Dicksonia antarctica) trunk. Article is on page 20. Cover : End face of a trunk of Dicksonia antarctica near the top. Note the arrangement of the dead leaf stalks in double spirals, from the collection of Nelis Mourik. 2 World of Wood May/June 2018 Where Are You? Elaine Hunt #8174-HL Over the past five years, my President’s Messages have covered many different subjects. It began with surprises, then moved on to meetings, a wish list, road trips, a little history, challenges and hurricanes. Some I could have done without, like hurricanes Harvey and Irma. But in just about every message I tried to encourage you to support IWCS with your time and talents. As in most organizations, there are a few members that are always there to do whatever needs to be done. They write articles, host meetings, give classes and demonstrations. They talk to people about the organization and sign up new members. When it comes to meetings, you know they will always be there, supporting those that worked to put it together and having lots of fun. But there is one problem with these few members; they burn out after doing and doing and doing with no relief or help. They ask others to pitch in and help, only to be told no or are bombarded with complaints on how they are doing the job. Then the articles get fewer, the meetings start to disappear and they no longer show up to help. Who will step up and take their place? As for IWCS, it will be you. You are the members, this is your organization and it will be what you make it. Don’t be the cause of another member’s burn out. August is just around the corner and you have the opportunity to attend an Annual General Meeting at the Embassy Suites, St. Charles, Missouri, USA. It’s going to be a great meeting with lots to do and the chance to see old friends or meet new ones. Wood has a way of bringing people together. The registration form for the meeting is on page 27. Fill it out, send it in and I’ll see you there. The 2018 IWCS AustralAsian Conference is coming up September 16 – 23, 2018, at the City of Kalgoorlie- Boulder, Western Australia. I have not had the opportunity to attend one of their meetings, but from the articles I have read, they appear fantastic. If you have ever planned to go to Australia, this would be a perfect time. Meet your fellow members, talk about wood and tour their beautiful country. Let’s not forget the Southeast Regional meeting at Lake Yale Baptist Conference Center near Eustis, Florida, USA. The dates are February 18th – 22nd, 2019. That is Monday thru Friday breakfast. I’ll be there; will you? Now I’ll get off my soap box and leave you with this thought. IWCS is more than an organization, it is family for those that gather together. Come, join our family, you are always welcome.

CALL FOR NOMINATIONS The Nominating Committee is looking for candidates for the following offices. The terms ending in 2018 are: 1. President-elect 2. Vice President 3. Canadian Region Trustee (interim - Robert Ritchie) 4. U.S. Northwest Region Trustee (interim - Alan Curtis) 5. U.S. Southwest Region Trustee (interim - Dave Mouat) To nominate a person (you may nominate yourself) notify in writing or by email, The Chairman of the Nominating Committee, Garry Roux. If nominating another person, please verify that he or she is willing to serve in that capacity. Nominations should be seconded by one or more Society members in good standing. Send nominations to Garry Roux, 521 Hoecker Dr., Collinsville, IL 62234 USA or e-mail to [email protected]. Regional trustees must be nominated from the membership of the respective Region. A brief summary including information and qualifications on each candidate should be attached.

A note to contributors Please submit articles as you complete them. They could be placed into future editions so each edition will present a balance of topics. Last minute changes before June 15 for the July/August 2018 issue. May/June 2018 World of Wood 3 A New Label for our Samples by Dr. Alan Crivellaro Dept. TESAF, University of Padova, Italy

The purpose of this writing is to We know, since the beginning of Wood is less stiff and less strong induce people to record additional plant anatomy in the XVII century, towards the treetop, as it is towards information along with their that the size of the sap-conducting the pith. This makes sense if you think wood specimens. Such additional cells in the wood changes according about a tree in the strong wind: the information accounts for the to the position along the stem (Grew twigs bend more than the branches variability in wood structure within 1682) and the radius (Malpighi 1675). that bend more than the stem. So, next the stem, so that wood samples can be Basipetal and radial increases in time you collect a sample for your reference material for identification of conduit diameters are collectively collection, also keep in mind that it wood specimens of the same species known as Sanio’s Laws (Sanio 1872). was part of an organism mechanically that may not have been collected from designed to cope with different the stem, and therefore hard to identify Conduit cells (including axial dynamic (e.g., wind) and static (e.g. based on anatomy (Schweingruber, tracheids in conifers and vessels in snow load) situations. 1990). hardwood species) widen along the way down towards the roots. So, if But why, instead of keeping in mind Trees are fascinating living organisms. we sample a tree along its stem and these two thoughts, don’t we just write They provide oxygen, store carbon measure the size of the conduits on them down? I don’t know how you dioxide, cool the air, and protect the same ring, we will end up seeing collect your samples and how you from wind. By displaying foliage much narrower conduits at the top of collect information on your samples, and flowers to resources like light the tree and wider conduits toward but I would like to share how I do it and pollinators, trees make our the stem base1. We now know why for my samples. I prefer to collect landscape beautiful and colorful all this happens (West et al. 1999; samples from living trees or from year around. Trees provide us food, Savage et al. 2010). The reason why recently dead trees. This is because gums, medicines, extractives, odors, cells widen is now presented as a I want to see the treetop and the part and dyes (Thomas, 2014). Trees do all universal rule within plants (Olson of stem from where I am going to these, and much more, thanks to their et al. 2014): changing the size of the collect my samples. Furthermore, I structure. conduits moving the water all the want to see them still connected. I way up from the roots to the leaves actually need that because I want to The structure of a tree is well known, makes the hydraulic system of a tree record for every sample I collect its but still not fully understood. Trees more efficient and independent from position along the stem. To achieve are basically structured in roots, the length of the conduits (West et this aim, I measure the distance from stem(s), and branches (carrying al. 1999; Rosell et al. 2017). In other the treetop to the point where I cut the leaves). All these tree organs are in words, the tree grows taller and taller stem, and I note it down. Next, some different amounts, made out of xylem, without having to face increasing boards will be cut from the stem and to which we refer as wood as soon resistance in moving the sap up along eventually I will process the boards as they grow to a sufficient diameter. stem and branches. Cell widening just to get the samples for my collection. The wood samples we collect most happens to be the best way to couple At the end of the process, having the frequently come from a stem. We are with a water conducting system that is distance from the top of the tree of the not so familiar with the wood from the changing over time, as the tree grows uppermost end of every single board roots and we usually discard the wood taller and taller (Anfodillo et al. 2013). I got, I am able to get the distance from the branches. Wood is making Next time you collect a sample for from the top of the tree of every single a tree possible. Wood moves water, your collection, keep in mind that it sample I cut from the board. I follow providing mechanical strength, storing was part of a water transport system this procedure for all the samples with reserves, defending from infections connecting the roots buried in the soil bark. and taking care of many more things with the leaves displayed in the air. in a living tree. But what do we know My samples record not only the wood about wood? Or, what don’t we know Actually, the same turns out to be true features typical for that species, but about it? I will just give an example. also for wood mechanical properties. also the information of the conductive

1 E.g. conduits size varies from 14 μm (0.014 mm) at the top to 43 μm at the base of a 4.5 meters (~15 feet) tall Picea abies, and from 43 to 104 μm at the top and the base of earlywood vessels in Fraxinus excelsior (data from Anfodillo et al. 2006). 4 World of Wood May/June 2018 and the mechanical systems involved adding a family name and a collection While databases and reference books in making that tree capable to survive site beside the scientific name. do not yet incorporate data on treetop, for many years in its environment. By You, too, can do it! Whenever possible branch, and root wood, that little recording the distance of the sample compile a label like the following number will make your sample much from the top of the tree, I keep much (Tab. 1). more valuable for wood identification more information on it than just and the generations to come.

Family Check family names and scientific names in Lythraceae Scientific name www.theplantlist.org, they are changing over Punica granatum L. time! Site of collection Provide nearby city or geographic coordinates. Deftera, CY Elevation above sea level 300 m Date of collection August 9th, 2009 Collector Alan Crivellaro Distance of the sample from the 230 cm treetop Total plant height 305 cm Part of plant Root/stem/branch Stem

Tab. 1. Information to be described in a wood sample label, or in a notebook connected to the wood collection. References ... & Castorena, M. (2014). Universal trade-offs and space filling enable better Anfodillo, T., Carraro, V., Carrer, M., hydraulics of the flowering plants: vessel predictions of vascular structure and Fior, C., & Rossi, S. (2006). Convergent diameter scales with stem length across function in plants. Proceedings of the tapering of xylem conduits in different angiosperm lineages, habits and climates. National Academy of Sciences, 107(52), woody species. New Phytologist, 169(2), Ecology letters, 17(8), 988-997. 22722-22727. 279-290. Rosell, J. A., Olson, M. E., & Anfodillo, T. Schweingruber F.H. (1990) Microscopic Anfodillo, T., Petit, G., & Crivellaro, A. (2017). Scaling of xylem vessel diameter Wood Anatomy; Structural variability of (2013). Axial conduit widening in woody with plant size: causes, predictions, and stems and twigs in recent and subfossil species: a still neglected anatomical outstanding questions. Current Forestry woods from Central Europe. 3rd edition pattern. IAWA Journal, 34(4), 352-364. Reports, 3(1), 46-59. 1990. Birmensdorf, Eidgenössische Grew, N. (1682). The anatomy of plants. Sanio, K. (1872). Uber die grosse der Forschungsanstalt WSL. Rawlins, London, United Kingdom. holzzellen bei der gemeinender kiefer Thomas, P. A. (2014). Trees: their natural (Pinus sylvestris) [On the size of the wood history. Cambridge University Press. cells of the Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris)]. West, G.B., Brown, J.H. & Enquist, B.J. Malpighi, M. (1675). Anatome plantarum. J. Wissen. Bot., 8, 401–420. Martyn, London, United Kingdom. (1999). A general model for the structure Olson, M. E., Anfodillo, T., Rosell, J. Savage, V. M., Bentley, L. P., Enquist, B. and allometry of plant vascular A., Petit, G., Crivellaro, A., Isnard, S., J., Sperry, J. S., Smith, D. D., Reich, P. systems. Nature, 400, 664– 667. B., & Von Allmen, E. I. (2010). Hydraulic

Writers Wanted!

The World of Wood is a forum for wood collectors and crafters. The articles published are written by members, sometimes by volunteer nonmembers, or are from copyright free sources. One does not need to be a professional writer to submit an article. WoW has as- sociate editors and proofreaders who can help with any aspect of making an article ready for publication. IWCS members would like to hear from all members representing any and all interest areas you listed on your application form and within the scope of the mis- sion and vision of IWCS.

May/June 2018 World of Wood 5 One Hundred Shrubwoods by Mihaly Czako #5220L Nelis Mourik (#7460-L), the author of Q: How many species might be out. Up to now I have enough in stock Shrubwoods of the World column was categorized as shrubwood? for about another year, but it’s always interviewed about the past, present, and important to look forward. The wood future of this feature in WoW on the “I think too many to know the amount. I always has to be dried before preparing occasion of reaching 100 articles (see really don’t know.” a specimen! Before processing, I always list on opposite page). search on the internet and in my library Q: Where do you source these woods? for special features and other interesting Q: How did the Shrubwoods of the data, and I mostly take a picture of the World column start? “I mainly obtain my shrubwoods from gardeners, horticulturists and managers end face when the wood is still wet, in “When the Wood of the Month column of botanical gardens. Also, I may not case it cracks badly, or gets moulded. stopped, I thought there came a gap in forget other wood collectors, around You never know! Making the description the articles that had to be filled with here in the Netherlands as well as is the last activity. Sometimes I receive something similar. As I had already quite abroad. It is important to be in contact a huge pile of wood, another time it’s some experience in preparing wood with many people who know my hardly enough to prepare one specimen. specimens from small diameter woods intentions. When I tell them I describe Nevertheless, when working on the and had more-than-average interest the woods, they are all pleased to help woods, I make notes of the properties in shrubwoods, I sent my proposal to me.” like smell, hardness, is it brittle, how Morris Lake, Editor as well as to Chuck it dried, etc. These notes are processed Holder, Chair of Publications, to start a Q: Do you collect some yourself? in the article. A big challenge is when series on shrubwood. They welcomed I find a wood anatomical feature that the idea. Together with Chuck we came I never saw before, such as the vessel up with the name Shrubwoods of the walls in Entada, St. Thomas bean, and to World. describe that as far as I am able to.” Q: What are the thrills, the surprises, the Q: What is a shrubwood? gems? “My definition of a shrubwood is in a “It’s always a surprise what colour the broader sense than is the definition of wood is, wet as well as dry. Many woods a shrub (being a not too high, multi- are well-known and behave as you stemmed, woody plant). ‘Shrubwood’ expect. Nevertheless, there are always in this sense is not the primary entry exceptions. Therefore, it is important to in any dictionary. We came up with it check the woods several times during for the purposes of this series in WoW. the drying process. A real gem was the In my series, sometimes a small tree On collecting shrubwoods: once I received rare Welwitschia wood. Real oddities passes the test. Furthermore, lianas this huge pile of stems of common were the vesselless and rayless woods, are climbers described in the series. In ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius). The Trochodendron and Hebe. They are the addition, I’m trying to describe members thickest pieces were about 10 cm (4 in.) exceptions to the rule.” of all ‘woody’ (or lignified) groups at the base. It was enough for almost 300 of plants, such as tree ferns, cycads, wood specimens. Most went to wood Q: Any of them proved dangerous, toxic, palms and Gnetum-like plants, not to collectors in the Netherlands; a couple of unstable? forget conifers and monocots. Also, the specimens went to the US via Gary Green. Dracaena article belongs to this list and “One wood caused real throat problems last but not least, the Tasmanian tree when preparing. I almost never wear fern which is No 100 in this series and is breath protection, so when cutting described on pages 20-23 of this issue of Daphne, I was so stubborn not to use WoW.” it. Too late you know you better should have. Preparing specimens of poison ivy however is not dangerous at all!” Q: How many helpers do you have? Amazing in this wood of common “I have many helpers in collecting ninebark was the difference in heartwood. woods. Helpers in writing shrubwood In 1-2 % of the stems it was very light articles not so many. But I realize that it brown, almost white, and showing signs of is not easy either.” fast growth. I did not find this light wood representative of the species and didn’t use Q: Do you want more? Do you need it for specimens. help from IWCS members? “Many shrubs were collected by myself “As long as I can, I want more. I’m in private gardens and in the field.” always ‘in’ for new shrubwoods and Q: What challenges do they present in other members may help me finding obtaining, processing, describing? if they can. I got shrubwoods from Alan Curtis, Gary Green and Willem “Indeed, it’s always a challenge being Hurkmans, for which I’m very grateful. behind woods for the shrubwood series, So why not from other members?” This’s myself after a hard day of work… especially when I’m almost running Nelis Mourik (#7460L). 6 World of Wood May/June 2018 Q: Are you ready for the next 100? Q: Are there shrubwoods that you what is the most important shrubwood absolutely want to add to the series? of Australia? It would be a shame if that “Another 100 will take another 10 were not included in the series. Same years or so. If I continue receiving Well, some letters of the alphabet are not thing for other regions in our wonderful shrubwoods, and the WoW readers represented... Sometimes I’m afraid of ‘World of Woods’. continue appreciating the articles, well, forgetting the most important shrubwood why not?” there is, if there is one. For instance, ALPHABETICAL LIST OF THE 100 SHRUBWOODS PUBLISHED Scientific Name Common Name WoW Year-number Scientific Name Common Name WoW Year-number Acer palmatum Japanese maple 2008-4 Hibiscus syriacus Rose of Sharon 2013-1 Actinidia deliciosa Kiwi-fruit 2012-4 Hippophae rhamnoides Sea buckthorn 2012-1 Anagyris foetida Stinking bean trefoil 2017-1 Hydrangea anomala / petiolaris Climbing hydrangea 2015-4 Artemisia tridentata Big sagebrush 2008-6 Ilex aquifolium Common holly 2014-5 Aucuba japonica Japanese laurel 2012-5 Lantana camara Common lantana 2016-4 Bauhinia sp. Monkey ladder vine 2016-5 Larrea tridentata Creosote bush 2011-4 Berberis sp. Barberry 2008-2 Leitneria floridana Corkwood 2011-4 Buddleja davidii Butterfly bush 2012-6 Ligustrum ovalifolium Oval-leaf privet 2010-3 Saguaro and cholla Cactus sp. 2010-5 Lindera benzoin Common spicebush 2016-3 columnar cacti Calicotome villosa Spiny broom 2016-6 Lonicera sp. Honeysuckle 2012-6 Callicarpa bodinieri var. giraldii Callicarpa 2014-1 Magnolia sp. Magnolia 2013-6 Callistemon sp. Bottlebrush 2014-4 Mahonia japonica Mahonia 2011-3 Calycanthus floridus Allspice 2011-3 Medicago arborea Tree medick 2009-1 Camellia japonica Japanese camellia 2014-5 Microbiota decussata Microbiota 2009-1 Campsis radicans Trumpet vine 2013-4 Musa sp. Banana 2008-3 Cannabis sativa Hemp 2013-3 Myrica gale Sweet gale 2014-6 Caragana arborescens Caragana 2012-2 Nerium oleander Oleander 2012-2 Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Blueblossom 2016-4 Nicotiana glauca Tree tobacco 2015-4 Cephalanthus occidentalis Button-bush 2015-2 Oplopanax horridus Devil's club 2013-2 Cephalotaxus sp. Plum yew 2008-5 Opuntia ficus-indica Prickly pear cactus 2017-2 Cercis siliquastrum Judah tree 2009-6 Osmanthus heterophyllus Variegated false holly 2015-5 Chamaedaphne calyculata Leather leaf 2017-6 Paliurus spina-christi Christ's thorn 2012-4 Chamaerops humilis Dwarf fan palm 2010-4 Parthenocissus tricuspidata Japanese creeper 2013-1 Clematis vitalba Old man's beard 2008-6 Pereskia aculeata Barbados gooseberry 2018-2 Coffea sp. Coffee 2014-1 Physocarpus opulifolius Common ninebark 2010-4 Cornus sp. Dogwood 2015-6 Pieris sp. Pieris 2008-5 Corylopsis spicata Spike winter-hazel 2017-5 Poncirus trifoliata Poncirus 2011-6 Corylus avellana Common hazel 2013-3 Prunus laurocerasus Cherry laurel 2013-6 Cotinus sp. Smoke tree 2013-4 Prunus spinosa Blackthorn 2011-1 Willow-leaf coto- Cotoneaster salicifolius 2014-3 Ptelea trifoliata Common hoptree 2011-5 neaster Cycas sp. Cycad 2009-2 Ptilostemon chamaepeuce Shrubby ptilostemon 2013-5 Daphne x burkwoodii Burkwood daphne 2017-6 Rhododendron molle Chinese azalea 2015-2 Decaisnea fargesii Decaisnea 2010-2 Ricinus communis Castor bean 2008-2 Dicksonia antarctica Tasmanian tree fern 2018-3 Rosa sp. Rose 2010-2 Dracaena sp. Dragon tree 2017-4 Rubus fruticosus Blackberry 2016-1 Ebenus cretica Cretan ebony 2017-3 Skimmia japonica Skimmia 2011-5 David's mountain Echium pininana Tree echium 2018-1 Sophora davidii 2015-5 laurel Elaeagnus multiflora Cherry elaeagnus 2018-2 Spiraea sp. (x cinerea) Spirea 2013-5 Enkianthus campanulatus Redvein enkianthus 2016-3 Staphylea sp. Bladder nut 2014-2 Entada phaseoloides St. Thomas bean 2016-2 Syringa vulgaris Common lilac 2009-3 Ephedra sp. Ephedra 2008-4 Tamarix sp. Tamarisk 2010-1 Euonymus europaeus Spindle tree 2012-1 Toxicodendron radicans Poison ivy 2011-2 Exochorda racemosa Pearlbush 2014-3 Trochodendron aralioides Trochodendron 2010-6 Fomes fomentarius Tinder fungus 2012-3 Ulex europaeus Common gorse 2009-5 Forsythia x intermedia Forsythia 2009-3 Viburnum tinus Laurustinus 2013-2 Fuchsia magellanica Hardy fuchsia 2016-1 Viscum album Mistletoe 2009-4 Hamamelis sp. Witch hazel 2014-2 Vitex agnus-castus Chaste tree 2017-5 Hebe sp. Hebe 2012-5 Vitis vinifera Grape vine 2010-1 Hedera helix Common ivy 2010-6 Welwitschia mirabilis Welwitschia 2015-1 Hemiptelea davidii Thorned elm 2011-6 Wisteria sp. Wisteria 2008-1

May/June 2018 World of Wood 7 One Aspect of Wood Carving in China - 木雕 [Mùdiāo] by David Clark #9808 There is evidence to suggest that time but few can match the beauty Chinese craftsmen were carving wood and workmanship of the so named as far back as the 5th millennium BC ‘Wanjiao Seduction Chair’. Other based on extant stone and precious examples were called the ‘Million stone artefacts from the same period. Workers Sedan Chair’ and the ‘One Wood carvings, being ephemeral, Hundred Son Sedan Chair’. Similar are more difficult to find even in chairs, according to legend, were recently opened graves. In this article, first produced in the Southern Song examples of a specific school of Dynasty as the command of the carving are discussed. During the Emperor Kang Wang Zhai. Tang Dynasty (618 AD) through to the end of the Qing Dynasty (1912), It is recorded that it took 10 master seven different schools of carving had craftsmen three years to make this developed. One of the most durable particular chair for a member of and long lasting was the form of the ruling Qing Dynasty although carving that developed in Ningbo in no date is offered for its execution. Zhejiang Province. This style is called Eight bearers were required to lift and Zhujin Mùdiāo (木雕). carry the chair and the bride-to-be to the wedding service. The frame and This form of carving was mainly carved figures were fashioned from employed in household furnishings, Chinese linden wood (Tilia chinensis) silk tassels. After the carved elements folk statues and furniture decorations. and an unidentified camphorwood were fashioned, they were sanded One of the preserved examples of (Cinnamomum sp). and then coated with ‘gold mud’, an the florid nature of this workmanship unknown compound, possibly of gold is seen in sedan chairs that were The chair exhibits 24 phoenixes, 38 powder and a filler. It is estimated that employed to carry a bride-to-be to the dragons, 54 cranes, 74 magpies, 92 5 kilos (~ 11 lb) of powdered gold was wedding ceremony. The photographs lions, 124 pomegranates, hundreds of employed. Gold leaf was not used. are of one such conveyance held in figurines, insects, floral arrangements, Silver compounds, mica and clam the Zhejiang Museum. Sedan chairs, richly embroidered textiles, glass shells were also added. litters or palanquins are as old as painted panels, lanterns and coloured

8 World of Wood May/June 2018 The red paint was made from the their status for several generations sap of the Chinese lacquer tree until the fall of the Dynasty in 1912. (Toxicodendron vernicifluum) In modern parlance, this article is mixed with powdered cinnabar. an extreme example of bling-bling. Many of the figurines were However, to the families that used the designed to move and the glass chair, it was more than a manifestation campanula resounded with a of wealth. It signified the power and melodious bell like sound. majesty of the wife-to-be, the parents’ desire to provide their daughter with a After its initial use, the chair glorious future and to bring was provided to other worthy the blessings of the ‘Heavens’ families that wanted to exhibit to the union. May/June 2018 World of Wood 9 Acupuri — What is It? by Raimund Aichbauer #10142, Gary Green #6654L and Nelis Mourik #7460L

Wood collecting is often a pounds. collaborative effort and the collection and identification of the This seller uses only common names. Brazilian wood acupuri is a perfect In fact, I’ve asked in the past for example of this. Initially seen as a botanical names, which is typically Manilkara—big surprise—it turned not an option. So, I went to work re- out to be a Micrandropsis! The three sawing and planing, and prepared a authors got heavily involved and specimen of each to send to Raimund. each will explain their contribution, Most were familiar to me and not that beginning and ending up with Gary. exciting, but one stood out—acupuri. An internet search for this common I often search the internet for new name turned up only a couple of sites, woods to produce standard specimens. one being blog post by a gentleman From time to time, I have purchased who had purchased this wood for woods from a Tennessee, USA, based making shell prepper tools for opening seller on eBay, “EXOTIC-WOODS- shotgun shells. He only commented OF-THE-WORLD” and checked his on how hard it was. Two videos on listings for anything new to me. They YouTube, but no clues as to place of had quite a list, some new, some not, origin or a botanical name. but at very affordable prices. I asked I’ve said it before, I am not a wood Raimund if he could assist in verifying identifier. I’m a woodworker and the identifications if I were to buy a wood specimen producer, so have large quantity, which he agreed to. I seen and worked with a lot of woods. ended up buying enough to be on a Quite often a new wood reminds me of pallet which shipped by freight—1400 another, but not so with this ‘acupuri’.

Fig. 2. Acupuri, Micrandropsis scleroxylon wood specimen (photo by Gary Green) It looked a little like Handroanthus sp. (synonym Tabebuia sp.), but of a finer texture and harder and denser. Or, was it a Manilkara?

I did note a few interesting things in preparing the wood into samples. One piece had a corner of sapwood which was nearly white and was clearly and sharply demarcated from the dark brown heartwood. It was about as dense and hard as any wood I’ve ever worked with. Very similar to lignum vitae. When it passed through the planer, it came out with a glassy, dark brown surface. This I don’t find to be the case with Manilkara, which is, directly after planing, more reddish brown—not for nothing after its common name, beefwood!

At this point, I would only be guessing, so it went off to Raimund in Fig. 1. Acupuri, Micrandropsis scleroxylon, five acupuri boards kiln dried and rough the Netherlands. surfaced (photo by Gary Green) 10 World of Wood May/June 2018 Acupuri, a difficult wood specimen! Raimund’s and Nelis’ comments are pretty technical. So, why did we come to the conclusion this wood specimen is a Micrandropsis scleroxylon based on wood anatomy? Raimund says the following...

Identifying a wood as this one posed a lot of problems. In the first place, all anatomical features correspond to those of the Sapotaceae family. In addition, neither Micrandropsis scleroxylon, nor its synonym, Micrandra scleroxylon, is in the InsideWood database (of wood anatomy).

After extensive study of the macroscopic and microscopic features of the specimen, my choice fell on a Sapotaceae wood. Nevertheless, the specification of characteristics in InsideWood gave no result and I did not find any one Sapotaceae genus in my data that showed 100% similarities. By using few features in different combinations, I always came to Sapotaceae, sometimes together with Euphorbiaceae (! – see below), Ixonanthaceae, Moraceae, or Peraceae. The idea that acupuri might be in a family other than Sapotaceae did not

Fig. 4. Acupuri radial surface; tyloses sclerotic, with very thick, layered walls, crystals also present (photo by Raimund Aichbauer) come to my mind. I even excluded average significantly under 200 μm. another family, because I was convinced that no wood species would These results match with Manilkara, match all these characteristics. although they do not fully agree with all features that I clearly observe in When counting and measuring the Manilkara. Nevertheless, this is why I vessels, I arrived at 5 - 20 per mm² initially thought of a Manilkara sp. and an average diameter of 100 - 200 μm. The vessels, solitary and in radial Nelis adds: I doubted Raimund’s groups of 2 and 3, occur regularly, conclusion, the more because I but vessel groups of 3 to 6 also occur, found—after a long night’s search on the internet—a link between Fig. 3. Micrandropsis scleroxylon: lens view bringing the average out of balance. of a transverse section; parenchyma in In the radially aligned vessel groups ‘acupuri’ and Micrandra in a brief narrow bands up to 3 cells wide, vessels of more than 2 vessels, the end vessels description of the Portuguese solitary and in radial multiples of 2–6 cells, are the widest, 200 - 250 μm, the book 897 Madeiras Nativas do with small vessels in between (photo by vessels in between are usually much Brasil: Anatomia, Dendrologia, Raimund Aichbauer). See enlarged image Dendrometria, Produção, Uso (I wish on the back cover. smaller, 80 - 120 μm, bringing the May/June 2018 World of Wood 11 I had that book!) where acupuri is Moreover, Micrandra scleroxylon is to Micrandropsis scleroxylon, of the named Micrandra scleroxylon W.A. described there with aliform confluent Euphorbiaceae family. Rodrigues. Furthermore, I found parenchyma and parenchyma in Because I only make temporary that this species had been put in a narrow bands. They say, the wood is preparations by hand, the microscope new monotypic genus, now named black, while the conscious specimen is images are not that good. For this Micrandropsis scleroxylon (W.A. clearly brown and not black. And last purpose, I use razor blades with which Rodrigues) W.A. Rodrigues. Another but not least, there is no microscope one can make only very small cuts. finding was that this wood is most slide picture. So, I still concluded that Moreover, the cuts are not evenly commonly called acapuri, while only it must be a Manilkara. InsideWood thick. Nevertheless, I want to show a incidentally acupuri. This is why Gary describes 15 out of the total of 81 few of them here. and I found so little on the internet. Manilkara species and 3 out of the When continuing searching on acapuri total of 12 Micrandra species, in The lens view picture shows the and on the botanical name, I found which my preference for Manilkara transversal surface where parenchyma two papers containing anatomical was plausible. Although Micrandra is in narrow bands up to 3 cells wide. descriptions (“Micrandra scleroxylon scleroxylon is not mentioned in Vessels are solitary and in radial W. Rodr., nova Euforbiácea da InsideWood, they describe other multiples of 2 – 6 cells, with smaller Amazônia Brasileira” ( http://www. Micrandra species. However, these do vessels between the end vessels. scielo.br/pdf/aa/v1n3/1809-4392- not match at all with what I observe, Tyloses are abundant. aa-1-3-0003.pdf) and “Anatomia da especially regarding the specific Madeira do Gênero Micrandropsis gravity of the wood. The acupuri In the microscope slide pictures, W. Rodr. (Euphorbiaceae)”, which specimen is clearly over 1000 kg/m³, tyloses in the vessels are sclerotic appeared in the magazine “Boletim all Micrandra woods in InsideWood (with thick, layered wall so heavily as do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi – are below this density. hardly ever observed in other wood), Botânica” ( https://archive.org/stream/ rays are 1 – 3 cells wide, from very BoletimdoMuseuP10Muse#page/n0/ low to high, with procumbent, square mode/2up , Pages 117 - 121). and upright cells. Crystals occur in axial parenchyma and ray cells. These papers present the results of a study of the wood anatomy of the Nelis translated the papers and was monotypic genus Micrandropsis able to write a wood description. and show that Micrandropsis Acupuri wood is very hard and very scleroxylon is very similar in its heavy. Specific gravity is 1200 – 1300 anatomy to Manilkara. Therefore, kg/m³ (75 – 81 lb/ft³) air dry. Grain I thought that despite the similarity, is straight, texture is fine. Colour it would not be prudent to simply is brown to deep dark brown, not conclude that acupuri is a Manilkara. figured, rather even colour. In one of Their descriptions in the papers are the YouTube videos, lighter coloured much clearer and our studied wood striping and figuring is visible specimen fits better the description occurring under a big knot, possibly of Micrandropsis. Although some due to external causes. Sapwood characteristics are not entirely 100% is yellowish white, 3 – 4 cm (1¼ – there, this could be due to natural 1¾ in.) wide, clearly and sharply variation. Especially parenchyma, demarcated from the dark brown number of vessels, and vessel diameter Fig. 5. Micrandropsis scleroxylon tangential heartwood. The radial surface appears can vary greatly depending on the surface; tyloses heavily sclerotic, rays 1–3 cells wide. (photo by Raimund Aichbauer) minutely speckled due to the very dark growth region and growth conditions content of the rays. and are certainly within acceptable The papers found by Nelis however limits. describe Micrandropsis scleroxylon Although very hard, the wood is not as a very different wood compared too difficult to work provided the Raimund gives as a defense that to the woods left in the Micrandra tools are sharp. After planing, the Micrandra scleroxylon is described genus. Almost all microscopic features surface is smooth to the touch and only in the Atlas des Bois de match with what we find in the studied lustrous receiving a neat finish and an l’Amazonie by Pierre Detienne et specimen, as well as macroscopic excellent polishing. Coarse sanding Paulette Jaquet and in no other features as colour, density, hardness, makes the surface rather dull and is of the 200 books I possess. The etc. Since we have access to these not recommended. It is probably of a descriptions in this nonetheless papers and studied the descriptions high durability, well resistant to attack marvellous French book are so vague thoroughly our final conclusion is: the of insects and decomposition. that they apply to both Micrandra name acupuri (and acapuri) belongs and to 30% of all Sapotaceae woods. 12 World of Wood May/June 2018 Fig. 6. Acupuri tangential surface; rectangular crystals in axial parenchyma cells and marginal cells of the rays (photo by Raimund Aichbauer)

Fig. 8. Acupuri radial surface; crystals (appearing colorless, square or long, filling a cell) in axial parenchyma and ray cells, rays have procumbent, square and upright cells (photo by Raimund Aichbauer) Its commercial utilization is somewhat restricted to its growth area in the forests of the outskirts of Manaus, Brasil. It’s not even a well-known wood there, despite its relative abundance. It is used for heavy constructions, for parquet and industrial floors, civil and naval constructions, fences, tool handles, railway sleepers, etc.

An anecdote that refers to our wood is that this wood is said also to be used for ‘tacos’. Well, as an ingredient in that versatile dish? No, in Portuguese ‘taco’ also stands for ‘baseball bat’ and ‘golf club’! It is locally known as acapuri, the name derived from acapu (Vouacapoua americana Aubl., Leguminosae family), which it more or less resembles, a wood of commercial value of Pará state of Brazil.

Once Raimund and Nelis came to an agreement on the identity, I (Gary) was delighted to have stumbled across this unusual and uncommon wood. I bought the remainder of the inventory of Exotic Woods of the World (Ebay store), five boards, which were thereafter destined to become wood specimens.

This is yet another example of putting minds together working towards a positive solution. Without the help Fig. 7. Micrandropsis scleroxylon tangential surface; very low of Raimund and Nelis, I would have yet another box of and high rays 1, 2 and 3 cells wide. Ray cells’ content is cherry specimens on the shelf labelled “?”. red to black (photo by Raimund Aichbauer). May/June 2018 World of Wood 13 Reprint: This UNEP-WCMC technical report no. SRG79/4/2/3, prepared by experts for The European Commission, is reprinted here in part with permission to be used for educational purposes.

14 World of Wood May/June 2018 May/June 2018 World of Wood 15 16 World of Wood May/June 2018 May/June 2018 World of Wood 17 18 World of Wood May/June 2018 May/June 2018 World of Wood 19 Shrubwoods of the World Tasmanian tree fern by Nelis Mourik #7460L Tasmanian tree fern is a member of one of the very few spore plant genera that grows into a palm tree-like erect habit. While most of the trunk is leaf stalks and roots, its center is hard, semi-woody material of an amazing strength and beauty. Tasmanian tree fern’s botanical name is The genus Dicksonia is in the fern Dicksonia antarctica Labill. Dicksonia (pteridophyte) family Dicksoniaceae in is a genus of 26 tree ferns native to the class Polypodiopsida of vascular tropical America, New Zealand, New plants. The genus name Dicksonia is Caledonia, Australia, SE Asia, and St. in honor of James Dickson (1738 - Helena. On St. Helena, an island in 1822), a Scottish nurseryman. He was the South Atlantic Ocean a little closer one of the founders of the Linnaean to Africa than to South America, D. Society in 1788. The specific epithet arborescens L’Hér. occurs, and is the antarctica means ‘southern’, or ‘from type species of the genus. (The French the Antarctic regions’. emperor Napoleon Bonaparte was exiled to St. Helena, a British Overseas Tasmanian tree fern is a slow-growing Territory.) fern, eventually forming a thick, single, straight or slightly curved, sometimes There are only three species of massive trunk up to 15 m (~ 50 ft.) tall Dicksonia native to Australia, of which and 1.20 m (4 ft.) in diameter near the D. antarctica is the largest in height base in adult specimens in their native Longitudinal surface of a Dicksonia and the most abundant. It occurs in environment. Ages of these giants are antarctica trunk specimen (flat sawn) south-eastern Australia from Tasmania estimated to be a 1000 years. Usual roots, and persistent leaf bases. These through Victoria and eastern New height in Tasmania is reported to be dried, dead leaf bases are best visible South Wales north to south-eastern 3–6 m (10–20 ft.) and 30 cm (1 ft.) in near the crown; further downwards Queensland. Other common names diameter. In cultivation they hardly they get overgrown by the matted for D. antarctica are manfern and soft exceed 3 m (10 ft.) high. They grow rootlets which, by their continued tree fern. The latter name is in contrast only 1–10 cm (½–4 in.) per year, most appearance and growth, keep adding to to rough tree fern, the common name 3.5–5 cm (1⅜–2” in.), depending on the diameter of the trunk. The crown given to Cyathea australis, another growth conditions. The trunk is densely is formed by a circle of numerous long Australian tree fern of another genus, covered with matted, dark brown, aerial leaves, called fronds, spirally arranged covering roughly the same parts of Australia.

End face of a trunk of Dicksonia antarctica near the top. Note the arrangement of the dead leaf stalks in double spirals (based on the Fibonacci sequence) the mathematical beauty of which will be discussed in a future article. Tufts of golden hair fill gaps between bases of leaf stalks near the cortex (‘bark’). 20 World of Wood May/June 2018 Lens view of Dicksonia antarctica end grain near the center of the trunk. Visible are part of the wavy outlined cylinder of hard xylem bounded by even harder sclerenchyma fiber bands. The relatively soft cortex, and tough leaf bases are on the outside; some shriveled pith is visible in the center. on and around the top of the trunk. golden-brown hairs. The fronds have a The top of the trunk and the leaf bases very stiff midrib, are up to 2–4 m (7–14 are densely covered with soft, glossy, ft.) long, the leaf blade is twice-thrice Longitudinal surface of a Dicksonia antarctica trunk specimen (quarter sawn) subdivided into lobes (appearing similar to a multiple pinnately compound leaf) and tapering to a point. The ultimate subdivisions of the leaf blade are 2.5–5 cm (1–2 in.) long and pinnately lobed (some call the fronds tripinnately compound). Even the smallest lobes are quite stiff and harsh to the touch, dark green and shiny above, paler beneath. Spores are formed on the underside of the blades in numerous small globular sori (singular, sorus, under tiny shield called indusia). Rain water running

A small potted living Tasmanian tree fern next to six small trunks seized by customs, but died because rooting did not start. The Freshly cross cut trunk oozing a thick sap that immediately turns red-brown from trunks were prepared into specimens. near the inside of the sclerenchyma band (from the phloem). May/June 2018 World of Wood 21 down along the frond midribs is directly collected by the aerial roots. This makes the fern less dependent on an extensive underground root system and moist soil.

The semi-woody material of a Tasmanian tree fern has different shades of brown when dry. The hard cylindrical skeleton is the darkest brown, the pith of the leaf stalks medium brown, and the vascular tissue in the center is the lightest brown. Trunks for specimens were available in diameters 25–30 cm (10–12 in.).

The trunk of the Tasmanian tree fern can not be considered woody. Wood technically is secondary xylem, a product of the cambium that provides for secondary growth, growth in girth (diameter). Cambium does not occur in ferns, so they cannot have Twelve half trunks of Dicksonia antarctica in direct sunlight in an attempt to kill mold true wood, but ferns do contain lignin which is characteristic of wood and secondary xylem. Lignin supports erect sclerenchyma. (Editor’s Note: This is other supporting tissues. Lignin is a growth and tree-like appearance. The called a solenostele, a configuration water resistant polymeric substance architecture of a fern is such that there of vascular tissue found in ferns). The in the walls of the plant cell with is a rhizome, which is a horizontal xylem has no pores because ferns only secondary thickening and it provides underground or partially exposed stem, have tracheids in their xylem. The firm for compression resistance. Lignified which has short internodes. Each node pith is white, starchy, very similar to cell walls are characteristic of wood, has a leaf and lateral roots. In tree ferns, the flesh of an apple when fresh, but but are found in other supporting tissues the rhizome becomes upright. withered and black when dry. as well, and also in plants without On a cross section of the trunk The lignified material near and around six different zones or tissues are the center of a Tasmanian tree fern discernible. The outer ring consists of trunk is very hard and can be dense. stumps of broken leaf stalks embedded It is difficult to get an even smooth in a jumble of aerial roots, all more or cross-cut surface of the vascular tissue less tough like wood. More inwards, for two reasons: it is between the super where the leaf stalks are connected hard bands of sclerenchyma and is to the inner cylinder, the aerial roots brittle, easily breaking out. Air dry are replaced by enclosed trapped tufts average specific gravity of the 25 mm of soft, glossy, golden-brown hairs. (1 in.) thick specimen, shown here on The epidermis of the stem against the both sides, is 675 kg/m³ or 42 lb/ft³ (air epidermis of a leaf stalk appears as a pockets and softer material included). darker line, inside of which there is the Other specimens were less in weight, light colored soft cortex (‘bark’). The but not recorded. core, the stele, is bounded by a thick, dark, dense, very hard sclerenchyma When wet, trunks can be cut over the (lignified fibers of the pericycle). The pith quite easily using a sharp band outer sclerenchyma band is wavy in saw or simply a long, sharp hand saw. outline; the inner band separates the This is recommended for proper drying. less hard vascular tissue from the pith. When cut over the pith, the white The majority of the vascular tissue starchy material in the pith turns to red- between the sclerenchyma bands brown in a short time. On the end face One longitudinal half of the longest trunk, is xylem (primary xylem), with a of the trunk the center bleeds a thick cut over the pith by handsaw. Note the narrow band of phloem against the beautiful, fresh center! liquid, turning red-brown immediately. 22 World of Wood May/June 2018 After one day this sticky stuff is an sometimes with bitter taste. The first almost black jelly, hard to remove settlers of Tasmania chopped these tree from concrete tiles and clothing! The ferns down by thousands and used the white material in the pith exhibits the decapitated trunks for road building. highest shrinkage, deforming the flat The trunks are often used in horticulture cut to a hollow surface. It is highly as a medium for growing other ferns recommended to regularly check the and epiphytes, particularly orchids. drying trunk halves for mould. If found, Trunks can also be used for fencing. it is best to expose the mouldy surfaces The central cylinder, if wide enough, to direct bright sunlight for a whole can be dried, carved and hollowed out day and then brush the mould (avoid to make craft items such as bowls and inhalation). plant pots for souvenirs and curios.

When dry the tough material is hard Editor’s Note: In vascular plants, to work. Use sharp planer knives and including ferns, the central part of saw blades and pay attention to the the stem and root is called the stele ‘oblique grain’ of the leaf stalks on the (‘column’). The stele consists of a flat-sawn surface. It can be sanded well cylindrical strand of xylem, surrounded Longitudinal section through the trunk to obtain a smooth surface. Clean your by a region of phloem, or a cylinder before (on the left) and after drying (on the right). result using compressed air. Due to the of xylem and phloem both inside and starchy contents, part of this material outside. There may be some ground will not be durable. The hard skeleton tissue internal to the xylem. A pericycle defines the outermost boundary of the however is expected to last for a long stele. All these are the products of the time. procambium, a derivative of the apical meristem (the apical meristems, the Tasmanian tree fern is a popular promeristems such as procambium, palm-like ornamental and tub plant and primary and secondary meristems in temperate areas. The pith from the are able to continue to divide like center of the trunk is rich in starch, and stem cells). The pericycle is a was once used as food by Tasmanian cylinder of cells (a primary meristem, Aborigines. The young, uncurled leaves or parenchyma, or multilayered (croziers) are also edible but slimy, sclerenchyma). The pericycle has the

Tip of a trunk capacity to produce lateral roots. Lateral roots arise from this primary meristem tissue. In plants undergoing secondary growth, the pericycle contributes to the vascular cambium, which in turn produces secondary xylem or true wood. The pericycle also gives rise to the cork cambium, Ferns do not have vascular cambium or secondary growth. The girth of the stele is due to the protracted division of the procambium cells (a derivative of the apical meristem), a very slow maturation of the primary stem. Once mature, there is no secondary growth.

Golden fuzz adds character to the specimen. May/June 2018 World of Wood 23 Visitors to Alberta by Herm Stolte #5796 As a woodworker doing a lot of frass filled tunnels. Since the back furniture repairs, I’ve seen some verticals showed some evidence of interesting pieces come through my infestation, I split them off the sides, shop. One of the more interesting and was surprised by the extent of pieces came in my door this past damage which crossed the glueline January. A client I often do work for into the sides themselves. I pulled out mentioned last summer he had a desk my router and cut away all the damage he’d be bringing over for me to work I could see on the inside edge of the at. I didn’t hear more of it until early sides, then glued new strips of oak to January when he stopped by with an replace what I cut away. I then made became rather concerned about his antique white oak secretary desk — the new parts for all that I had removed, shop being infested if a reproductive kind with a flip down front, cubby holes including the runners for the drawers. I generation had left the desk and flown behind it and drawers below. He said had spotted a few holes in them so out to other pieces or any wood structural he’d had it in his shop since last July they went. beam. My suggestion was to turn off and finally got a deposit from his client his heat, protect any water pipes, open just before Christmas. It had some I called my client and informed him his doors and let everything freeze insect damage across the back edge of of this new development and one of for a weekend. I’m quite sure that the top, as well as a few holes in some his first comments was “I thought these South African creatures would vertical strips glued to the inside back the damage looked worse now than not survive such a treatment. I also edges of the sides that housed the back when I first got it!” His big concern recommended that he contact his client panels. Could I cut away the damaged was the fact it had sat in his shop again and have him place the desk portions and replace them with some for six months-did they move to any and any other suspect furniture either sound wood? Should be no problem, I other pieces? We both spent some outside or in an unheated garage for a figured. time researching furniture beetles that day or two to make sure any creatures I evening. Our conclusion was that if any possibly missed would be done in. Since he seemed in a bit of a rush to get adult beetles had left this piece, they it finished, I got right to work at it. The would have found any other furniture Termites, it seems, are found in many two back panels and a centre divider piece too dry and/or varnish covered warm climate areas of the world. Most were already off and came separately, to be very inhospitable. I brought out need to be in contact with earth for so I eyed a softwood cleat just under my camera, put on a close-up lens and moisture reasons. Dry wood termites, the top back edge and pried it off. To documented what I found. The infested however, survive quite nicely on just my surprise, a large amount of frass and pieces I cut up and fed into my wood the moisture in the wood, which, in a number of white wiggling creatures stove. Calgary, is not much! If a piece of dropped out as it fell. I assumed they lumber is infested with dry wood were furniture beetle larvae and got A week or two later I took another termites, the whole colony is sealed out my shop vac and sucked them up. look at the pictures I had taken and inside that wood. Galleries are eaten The wood I put outside, trusting the was struck by the distinct body parts from the inside out until all that is left is sub-zero temperature would do in any (head, thorax, abdomen), looking the outside shell of the wood, making a critters still in it. I got out my skill more ant shaped than larvae shaped. dry wood termite infestation very hard saw and cut away the back strip of the During further on-line research, I to detect. Activity is usually detected desk top and noted that it was actually stumbled across a picture that looked when it is too late and usually requires half eaten away in large chambers, exactly what I had found — and they a piece of the wooden structure to be not like the normal beetle damage of were labeled “Dry Wood Termites”. I replaced as well as a large part to be emailed my findings to my client and treated. In Calgary, the easiest treatment suggested we needed to know more is to subject them to a day or two of our about where this furniture came from, winter. termites being foreign to Calgary. Turns out this piece had come to Calgary And the owner’s reaction? A from South Africa three months before nonchalant “Termites? In South Africa it was brought to his shop. Now he we deal with them all the time.”

24 World of Wood May/June 2018 Member’s Listings and Requests Members with wood specimens and books for sale I have boxes of scraps for those who make Over 1,000 different wood specimens authors. All copies will be shipped from and sell wooden jewelry. I will pay postage. from around the world. Over one-third are Pennsylvania, USA. Reserve your copy Once you have received the wood, ask specially figured like blistered, curly, fiddle today by contacting our me for the cost of postage. Look it over. back,quilted, birds eye, mottled, burled and Northeast Regional Trustee, Whatever you think the scraps are worth, over 200 species from Vietnam. Mark R. Peet. send a check for that amount to IWCS Réjean Drouin #3589 E-mail: [email protected] Secretary-Treasurer and may include the E-mail: [email protected] cost of postage. Let IWCS have the benefit South African books for sale; please from a couple bucks contribution. I have two or more specimens of more than inquire. One of the books is the classic Dennis Brett #257SU 700 to 800 different woods from around the Palgrave book Trees of Southern Africa in world in my stock. I would like to exchange mint condition! Dave Mouat #7101 or sell. They are standard or other sizes. E-mail: [email protected] I am interested in doing some swaps. I have Contact me for my list. 2,200 specimens 60 x 6 x 90 mm of all Dieter Becker #6362 I grow trees on my farm and own a small sorts of imported and home-grown woody [email protected] sawmill. I’m really looking for regular plants. users of wood, rainforest species, especially Lionel Daniels #6509 I have over 1,000 different specimens of Australian Red Cedar and others, Hoop wood from around the world for sale or Pine and a few Eucalyptus, but I can also trade. I have some larger pieces of woods supply some unusual species to wood for collections of crafts from different wood collectors. Many of these trees I have species. Please send me your list for trade. planted my self. 1000-plus different kinds of wood Contact me for my latest list. Bob Whitworth #10085 specimens precisely crafted and labeled, Dennis Wilson #2324L Qld. Australia. most identified from trees in the forest. I E-mail: [email protected] www.treeplanter.com.au have woods from the USA, Mexico, Brazil, Japan, Australia, and others. Contact me WANTED: I am new to collecting and have for a list. about 150 samples at 25 X 25-50 X 300 mm Alan B. Curtis #1132HL size. Due to my display, the thickness must E-mail: [email protected] be at least 25 mm and length 300 mm. I am very interested in expanding my collection. I still need many common species as well as I provide wood specimens from around the exotics. Please send a list of what you have globe, accurately dimensioned, nicely available with prices. Thank you! sanded and labeled. I maintain a mailing Bob Gilbert #10018 list and send notification when new E-mail: [email protected] specimens become available. Contact me for a list. I’m interested in doing trades and Gary Green #6654L expanding my current collection. I have a couple hundred standard-sized duplicates E-mail: [email protected] from around the world. Email me for a list www.woodsbygwgreen.com or view it online. Eric Meier #9701 I have a good range of more than 400 E-mail: [email protected] species of Australian rainforest and outback www.wood-database.com/trade/ woods in specimen size or as egg blanks. I E-mail: [email protected] will also cut to your requirements Now available, Southern African Colin Martin #7189 Wood (ISBN 781920217587, Briza Publications, Pretoria, RSA), authored by IWCS members Stephanie Dyer E-mail: [email protected] (#9380), Danielle James and Barry James (#9381). It is a fully illustrated I have logs, planks & whatnot. Must sell off. guide to the properties and uses of wood Some are pretty rare: leadwood, S. African from 140 Southern African tree species. red ivory logs and planks, snakewood A handful of leather-bound collectors logs, one ebony log from Belgian Congo, editions remain for $140.00 US dollars etc. Will send list. Link to wood collection plus shipping and handling, and the for sale is: https://picasaweb.google. standard hard cover books are $46.60 com/102643740416360449393 US dollars plus shipping and handling. Dennis Brett #257SU These are discounted 20% for IWCS members. Non-members will be charged $168.50 +S&H for the collectors edition and $57.57 + S&H for the standard. Each copy will be signed by the

May/June 2018 World of Wood 25 IWCS 2018 Annual General Meeting Embassy Suites St. Charles, MO August 22-26, 2018 (Wednesday-Sunday)

Early registration ends June 1, 2018. Late registration fee after June 1, 2018 is an additional $10 per person.

Please print clearly below:

Name: ……………………...... ….. IWCS# …………… Name for badge: ………………………… Spouse/ guest: ………………………………….……. IWCS # …………… Name for badge: ……………………….. Address: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… City: …………………..……..…… State: …………… Zip Code: ………….………. Country: …………………………. Email address: ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. Home phone #: ………………………….……………… Cell Phone #: …………………………………………………………

Make Checks Payable to IWCS. Send to Patti Dickherber, 12 August Alp Ct., St. Charles, Mo. 63303-5302. Email [email protected] with questions. We now accept all major credit cards.

Credit Card #______Expiration Date: ______CSV #::______

Registration fee for full 4-day meeting: includes Wednesday through Sunday morning.

____ # of persons……………………X $45.00 = $......

Registration fee for guests not coming for the full 4-day meeting: Sign up for meals below. ___ # of days ______X # of persons……………X $10.00 = $...... Meals: People staying at the Embassy Suites will have a continental Breakfast. Lunch and Dinner will be on your own unless you sign up for the following meals. There are many restaurants nearby.

Thursday lunch “A Taste of St. Louis” ______# of persons……………………X $20.00 = $......

Saturday night Fellowship Banquet at Embassy ______# of persons……………………X $35.00 = $......

Registration after June 1, 2018 Late Fee $10/per person $ …………………………

Total Due $ ………………………….

Central Region IWCS, Hosts. Questions, please call or email: Patti Dickherber.

Lodging: Embassy Suites, St. Charles, MO: These rooms are actually 2-room suites with a pull-out divan in the second room. Special Lodging Rates at the Embassy Suites are $119.00 for Single/Double or $129.00 for Triple/Quad per night. These rates do not include taxes which are 14.9%. A free continental breakfast as well as a Manager’s reception in the evening is included. This special rate includes extra days before or after the conference. To make your reservations, please call the hotel at: 1-800-560-7782 and use “IWC” as the code. Group Web Link: http://embassysuites.hilton.com/en/es/groups/personalized/S/STLEMES-IWC- 20180822/index.jhtml. Rooms must be confirmed by July 25, 2018 to receive the above room rate!!!!

If you “join” The Hilton Honors Program, you may receive other benefits, such as free WiFi. And, it’s free to sign up. Sign up and then make your reservations. The website is http://hiltonhonors3.hilton.com/en/index.html.

Other St. Charles Area Hotels are Fairmont Hotel, America’s Best Value Inn, Comfort Suites, Hampton, Country Inn & Suites, Super 8, Drury Plaza St. Louis/St. Charles, Best Western Plus, The Charles Hotel.

We hope to see you in August 2018!

26 World of Wood May/June 2018 WOOD SPECIMENS FOR SALE OR TRADE Wood specimens offered by Dennis Wilson. For my complete list email me at [email protected] See my specimen list in the Sep/Oct issue of World of Wood for an explination of the size codes. Botanical Name Common Name Source Size US $ Achras emarginata wild dilly USA, FL IWCS 6.00 Acosmium panamense carboncillo, chakte Dominica, Costa Rica IWCS 3.50 Acrocarpus fraxinifolius Zambia CSIR 6.00 Adenanthera pavonina breadtree Guangdong, China GAF 4.00 Adenanthera pavonina breadtree India IWCS 6.00 Adenanthera pavonina breadtree India .3x3x6" 5.00 Adenanthera sp. breadtree Indonesia SAN 2.00 Adina sp. mangkaniap daun besar Borneo SAN 2.00 Adinandra milletii Guangdong, China GAF 3.00 Adonidia merrillii Christmas palm Calgary, Canada IWCS 6.00 Aegiphila alba lulu Ecuador IWCS 6.00 Aesculus californica California buckeye USA, CA IWCS 3.00 Aesculus californica California buckeye - birdseye USA, CA IWCS 5.00 Aesculus flava yellow buckeye USA, OH IWCS 1.00 Aesculus flava yellow buckeye - curley USA, PA IWCS 3.00 Aesculus glabra Ohio buckeye USA, IN IWCS 3.00 Aesculus carnea / hippocastanum buckeye graft USA, CA IWCS 1.00 Aesculus hippocastanum European horse chestnut USA, OR IWCS 3.00 Aesculus pavia red buckeye USA, NC IWCS 5.00 Aextoxicon punctatum olivillo Chile IWCS 6.00 Afrocanthium mundianum rock alder South Africa IWCS 8.00 Afrocarpus falcatus yellow oteniqua Meru, Kenya IWCS 3.00 Afrocarpus gracilior yellow wood USA, FL IWCS 6.00 Afrocarpus usambarensis podo Congo Republic IWCS 8.00 Afzelia africana African afzelia West Africa IWCS 6.00 Afzelia bipindensis African doussie Envgu Dist., Nigeria IWCS 8.00 Afzelia pachyloba doussie blanc West Africa NEHOSOC 7.00 Afzelia sp. chanta Ecuador IWCS 8.00 Afzelia quanzensis chamfuti Mozambique IWCS 5.00 Afzelia rhomboidea tindalo Philippines .5x1.5x3.75" 2.00 Afzelia sp. (bipindensis) aryian afzelia Belgian Congo .5x2.25x4" 2.00 Afzelia xylocarpa royal goman Thailand IWCS 6.00 Agathis alba almaciga Malaysia IWCS 6.00 Agathis australis mottled kauri NSW Australia IWCS 5.00 Agathis australis kauri New Zealand IWCS 4.50 Agathis borneensis agathis Indonesia IWCS 6.00 Agathis dammara dammar minyak Philippines IWCS 4.00 Agathis dammara almaciga Malaysia .7x3.9x6.3" 8.00 Agathis macrophylla North Queensland kauri South Africa CSIR 3.00 Agathis macrophylla dakua Fiji .42x2.8x6" 1.50 Agathis microstachya North Queensland kauri South Africa CSIR 3.00 Agathis philippinensis almaciga Philippines FPRI 5.00 Agathis robusta kauri Australia IWCS 6.00 Aglaia cucullata mawa Australia IWCS 8.00 Aglaia cucullata kato Philippines FPRI 7.00 Aglaia cucullata amoora Papua New Guinea PNG 7.00 Aglaia elaeagnoidea priyangu Hainan, China GAF 6.00 Aglaia sp. lantupak Sandakan, Malaysia SAN Sm. 1.00 Aglaia spectabilis amari Indonesia IWCS 6.00 Aglaia spectabilis aglaia .6x2.4x6" 8.00 Agonandra obtusifolia Southern Mexico IWCS 8.00 Alectryon oleifolius inland rosewood NSW Australia IWCS 8.00 Ailanthus altissima Chinese ailanthus USA, OR IWCS 1.00 Ailanthus altissima dorniger gotterbaum NEHOSOC 1.00 Ailanthus sp. Sandakan, Malaysia SAN Sm. 2.00 Ailanthus sp. Sandakan, Malaysia SAN Lg. 5.00 Ailanthus triphysa white siris Queensland, Australia QFD 4.00 Ailanthus triphysa white siris Australia QFD - sm 1.00 Ailanthus triphysa ki kalapa Indonesia .22x2.5x3.75" 1.00 Alangium sp. Sipilok Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia SAN - sm. 2.00 Alangium villosum black muskheart Australia IWCS 7.00 Albizia adianthifolia flat crown South Africa IWCS 4.00 Albizia adianthifolia flat crown South Africa .44x2.6x6" 3.00 Albizia canescens canescent albizia Australia IWCS 8.00 Albizia chinensis Chinese albizia Hainan, China GAF 3.00 Albizia chinensis shirsha Andaman Islands GAF 3.00 Albizia ferruginea West African albizia Africa .44x2.3x5" 3.00 Albizia ferruginea awiemfo-samina Ghana IWCS 6.00 Albizia glaberrima kassa-kassa Uganda NEHOSOC 6.00 Albizia glaberrima kassa-kassa Uganda NEHOSOC 4.00

May/June 2018 World of Wood 27 Albizia gummifera mutanga Zimbabwe AdA 4.00 Albizia julibrissin mimosa USA, IL IWCS 1.00 Albizia lebbeck woman's tongue USA, FL IWCS 6.00 Albizia lebbeckioides NEHOSOC 6.00 Albizia niopoides carabali Venezuela IWCS 4.00 Albizia odoratissima fragrant albizzia India IWCS 6.00 Albizia procera tall albizia Australia IWCS 6.00 Albizia saman tropical American monkeypod USA, HI IWCS 6.00 Albizia sp. albizia West Africa IWCS 1.50 Albizia sp. musase (Iatanza) Tropical Africa .15x 3x6" 0.50 Albizia sp. batai Sabah, Indonesia SAN Lg. 6.00 Albizia ‘vulgaris’ Molucca albizzia USA, HI IWCS 6.00 Alectryon oleifolius inland rosewood Australia IWCS 8.00 Aleurites fordii tung oil tree USA, AL IWCS 5.00 Aleurites moluccanus candlenut USA, HI IWCS 6.00 Allocasuarina decussata karri oak Western Australia IWCS 6.00 Allocasuarina fraseriana West Australia she oak Western Australia IWCS 6.00 Allocasuarina fraseriana West Australia she oak Western Australia IWCS 7.00 Allocasuarina inophloia flame she oak Queensland, Australia IWCS 4.75 Allocasuarina littoralis black she oak Victoria, Australia IWCS 5.00 Allocasuarina luehmannii bull oak Victoria, Australia IWCS 6.00 Allocasuarina torulosa rose she oak NSW, Australia IWCS 5.00 Allocasuarina torulosa rose she oak NSW, Australia FC-NSW 3.00 Allocasuarina verticillata drooping she oak South Australia IWCS 4.00 Allocasuarina verticillata drooping she oak Australia W&F 2.00 Allophylus cobbe rambutan Philippines IWCS 6.00 Allophylus cobbe malugai Philippines FPIR 6.00 Allophylus cobbe taun Papua New Guinea PNG 5.00 Allophylus cobbe taun Solomon Islands .5x2.4x6" 4.00 Alnus acuminata subsp. arguta cuatlapatt Mexico .4x2.75x6" 6.00 Alnus alnobetula subsp. sinuata Sitka alder USA, AK IWCS 6.00 Alnus cordata Italian alder USA, CA IWCS 3.00 Alnus glutinosa European alder England IWCS 3.00 Alnus glutinosa European alder Spain .7x2.55x5.25 3.50 Alnus incana speckled alder England IWCS 2.00 Alnus incana subsp. rugosa speckled alder USA, WI IWCS 2.00 Alnus incana subsp. rugosa speckled alder - crotch USA, MI IWCS 2.50 Alnus incana subsp. tenuifolia mountain alder USA, OR IWCS 2.00 Alnus incana subsp. tenuifolia mountain alder Dumont, CO, USA .5x3x5.5 2.00 Alnus jorullensis palo de casa Mexico .4x2.75x5.85" 6.00 Alnus rhombifolia white alder USA, CA IWCS 6.00 Alnus rubra red alder USA, OR IWCS 2.00 Alnus rubra red alder USA, OR .5x3x4.7" 0.50 Alnus rubra red alder USA, OR .5x2.4x5" 0.50 Alnus serrulata hazel alder USA, SC IWCS 6.00 Alnus subcordata Caucasian alder Belgium .35x3x6" 4.00 Alphitonia excelsa red ash Australia IWCS 4.00 Alphitonia petriei pink ash Queensland, Australia QFS 6.00 Alphitonia petriei pink ash Queensland, Australia IWCS 7.00 Alphitonia ponderosa kauila USA, HI IWCS 6.00 Alseis peruviana palo de vaca Peru IWCS 6.00 Alstonia congensis ekop Zaire IWCS 6.00 Alstonia constricta bitterbark Queensland, Australia IWCS 5.00 Alstonia macrophylla big-leaved alstonia India IWCS 6.00 Alstonia scholaris dita Philippines FPRI 5.00 Alstonia scholaris milky pine Papua New Guinea PNG 5.00 Alstonia spatulata pulai Sepilok Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia SAN -sm 3.00 Altingia chinensis tan shu Ruyan, China GAF 5.00 Alvaradoa amorphoides Mexican alvaradoa Yucatan, Mexico IWCS 4.00 Amburana cearensis Bolivian oak Bolivia IWCS 3.00 Amelanchier alnifolia Western serviceberry USA, OR IWCS 3.00 Amelanchier arborea downy serviceberry USA, WI IWCS 5.00 Amelanchier laevis smooth juneberry USA, MI IWCS 0.50 Amelanchier sanguinea v. grandiflora apple serviceberry USA, FL IWCS 5.00 Amelanchier sp. juneberry IWCS 0.50 Ampelocera hottlei luin Mexico IWCS 6.00 Amoora sp. bekak Malaysia IWCS 1.50 Amphitecna latifolia black-calabash Southern Mexico IWCS 6.00 Amyris balsamifera torchwood .5x2.15x9" 3.00 Amyris elemifera sandalwood .5x3x4" 3.00 Amyris elemifera torchwood Mexico IWCS 6.00 Anacardium excelsum espave Panama IWCS 4.00 Anadenanthera colubrina angico South America IWCS 3.00 Anadenanthera colubrina var. cebil curupay Paraguay IWCS 3.00 Anadenanthera peregrina angico Brazil IWCS 6.00 Andira coriacea rode kabbes Dutch Guyana .9x3.5x6" 8.00 Andira coriacea cabbage tree Surinam IWCS 6.00 Andira inermis cabbage tree Guyana IWCS 6.00 28 World of Wood May/June 2018 Andira inermis partridge wood burl Yucatan, Mexico IWCS 8.00 Andira sp. cabbage angelim Guyana IWCS 2.00 Angophora costata smooth barked apple Australia FC-NSW 5.00 Aniba amazonica moena amarilla Peru 0.45x2.7x4.75" 5.00 Aniba canellila ashmud Guyana IWCS 8.00 Aniba hypoglauca yellow silverballi British Guiana IWCS 6.00 Aniba panurensis Brazil NEHOSOC 6.00 Aniba cf. panurensis IWCS 4.00 Anisoptera costata mersawa Papua New Guinea IWCS 6.00 Anisoptera curtisii krabak Thailand IWCS 8.00 Anisoptera cf. curtisii kabak Thailand .75x3x4" 6.00 Anisoptera thurifera afu Philippines IWCS 6.00 Anisoptera thurifera palosapis Philippines FPRI 6.00 Annona cherimolioides cherimoya CA IWCS 6.00 Annona glabra pond apple FL IWCS 4.00 Anodopetalum biglandulosum horizontal tree Tasmania IWCS 5.00 Antiaris toxicaria dalit Sepilok Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia SAN -lg 8.00 Antiaris toxicaria var. africana chen chen Nigeria IWCS 6.00 Antidesma bunius buni Bali, Indonesia IWCS 4.00 Antidesma ghaesembilla auntie desmond Guyana IWCS 8.00 Anthodiscus peruanus chamiza Peru .5x2.7x4.75" 5.00 Apeiba membranacea maquisapa naccha Peru IWCS 5.00 Aphanamixis polystachya salakin Philippines FPRI 3.00 Aphanamixis polystachya Hainan, China GAF 3.00 Aphanamixis polystachya SE Asia IWCS 6.00 Apodytes dimidiata Hainan, China GAF 3.00 Apodytes dimidiata white pear East Africa CSIR 3.00 Apodytes dimidiata white pear South Africa IWCS 4.00 Apoplanesia paniculata choluul Mexico IWCS 8.00 Aporosa aff. microstachys Thẩu tấu lá dương Dak Lak Prov., Vietnam IWCS 5.00 Aporosa aff. villosa Thẩu tấu Dak Lak Prov., Vietnam IWCS 5.00 Apuleia leiocarpa muira-juba Brazil IWCS 5.00 Apuleia leiocarpa muira-juba Brazil .4 x3x6" 2.00 Aralia spinosa devil's walking stick USA, TX IWCS 5.00 Araucaria angustifolia Parana pine Brazil IWCS 2.00 Araucaria araucana monkey puzzle pine Chile IWCS 3.00 Araucaria bidwillii bunya pine Australia IWCS 5.00 Araucaria columnaris South Pacific Cook pine USA, HI IWCS 6.00 Araucaria cunninghamii hoop pine Queensland, Australia. QFS 3.00 Araucaria cunninghamii hoop pine Queensland, Australia. IWCS 5.00 Araucaria heterophylla Norfolk Island pine USA, FL IWCS 2.50 Araucaria klinkii klinki pine New Guinea IWCS 6.00 Arbutus menziesii Pacific madrone USA, OR IWCS 3.00 Arbutus menziesii Pacific madrone - birdseye USA, OR IWCS 5.00 Arbutus menziesii Pacific madrone - burl USA, OR IWCS 4.00 Arbutus unedo strawberry madrone Britain IWCS 3.50 Arbutus unedo strawberry madrone Westelijke Arboretum, Netherlands NEHOSOC 3.00 Archidendron vailiantii salmon bean Queensland, Austalia IWCS 6.00 Archidendropsis xanthoxylon yellow bean Australia IWCS 5.00 Archidendropsis xanthoxylon yellow siris Queensland, Australia QFS 3.50 Arctostaphylos columbiana hairy manzanita USA, OR IWCS 6.00 Arctostaphylos sp. manzanita USA, CA IWCS 2.50 Arctostaphylos sp. manzanita - burl USA, CA IWCS 3.50 Arenga pinnata sugar palm Celebes IWCS 6.00 Argyrodendron peralatum red tulip oak Queensland, Australia QDF - sm 1.50 Argyrodendron peralatum red tulip oak Australia IWCS 6.00 Artemisia tridentata big sage brush USA, OR IWCS 5.00 Artocarpus altilis breadfruit USA, HI IWCS 5.00 Artocarpus heterophyllus jackfruit Goa, India IWCS 4.00 Artocarpus integer kanthal Southeast Asia .32x3x6" 3.00 Asimina triloba pawpaw USA, IL IWCS 0.50 Aspidosperma cyclindrocarpon jichituriqui Bolivia IWCS 4.00 Aspidosperma desmanthum my lady British Honduras IWCS 4.00 Aspidosperma macrocarpon muriajussara Brazil IWCS 3.00 Aspidosperma megalocarpon shibadanni Guyana IWCS 6.00 Aspidosperma polyneuron pink peroba Brazil IWCS 4.00 Aspidosperma sp. carreto IWCS 1.50 Aspidosperma tomentosum woolly white quebracho Brazil IWCS 4.00 Aspidosperma vargasii boxwood peroba Brazil IWCS 5.00 Astrocaryum sp. awara palm Guyana IWCS 2.00 Astronium fraxinifolium gonçalo alves Brazil IWCS 4.00 Astronium fraxinifolium gonçalo alves Guyana .42x 2.6x6" 2.50 Astronium graveolens fetid startree Costa Rica IWCS 3.00 Astronium graveolens fetid startree Costa Rica .92x3.3x6.1" 4.50 Astronium lecointei muriaguatiara Brazil IWCS 3.00 Astronium lecointei muriaguatiara Brazil .9x3x6.3" 4.50 May/June 2018 World of Wood 29 Wood Meets June 2, 2018 Indiana Sawmill Day, Ladoga, IN, USA The Sawmill Day is the first Saturday in June. 9:00 am at Bob and Judy Chastain’s home. There will be free wood to the 4-H-ers who attend (4-H is a Positive Youth Development and Mentoring Organization). Come one, come all and join the fun. Contact: [email protected]

August 22-26, 2018 IWCS Annual General Meeting St. Charles, MO, USA The AGM for 2018 will be held in St. Charles, MO at the Embassy Suites Hotel. St. Charles is a beautiful historic city across the Missouri River from St. Louis. It was also one of the starting points for the Lewis and Clark Expedition and the stomping grounds of Daniel Boone. There is great shopping in Historic St. Charles and beautiful trails and parks for walking. See some members of the organizing committee on page 3. Registration form is on page 31.

2018 IWCS AUSTRALASIAN CONFERENCE Annual General Meeting 16th – 23rd September, 2018 City of Kalgoorlie-Boulder, Western Australia Contact: Charles Broadbent ([email protected])

February 18 – 22, 2019, Monday thru Friday Breakfast Southeast Regional Winter Woodfest Lake Yale Baptist Conference Center near Eustis, Florida, USA REGISTRATION: Elaine Hunt, [email protected], PROGRAM: Chris Nothnagle, [email protected],

Plans are underway and we are looking forward to another great meeting. If you would like to give a class, talk or demonstration, contact Elaine or Chris. More information and registration form will be coming in future issues of WoW.

2019 IWCS AUSTRALASIAN CONFERENCE Annual General Meeting 3rd Week of October based at Ibis Styles in Eaglehawk, Canberra, Australia

30 World of Wood May/June 2018 Regis-tree New members of the International Wood Collectors Society

Book Review by Mihaly Czako #5220-L Stem Anatomy of Dalbergia and Diospyros Species from Madagascar, with a Special Focus on Wood Identification, by Bako Harisoa Ravaomanalina, Alan Crivellaro, and Fritz Hans Schweingruber, 119 pp., 2017. Springer International Publishing, ISBN 978-3-319-51145-0 (hardback), ISBN 978-3-319-51147-4 (eBook), price USD 139.00 for each format. (https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-51147-4) This is a long-awaited book presenting new research and summarizing existing data on two precious wood yielding genera in danger of overexploitation. The rosewoods and ebonies of Madagascar have been exploited for over a century but the delineation of species and the description of the anatomy, microanatomy, and the distinguishing characteristics of their economic products, wood in particular, was lagging behind. A reference collection of wood supported by botanical vouchers and photos was recently established for the purpose of this study. This book is an atlas of anatomical descriptions of 19 Dalbergia (of a total 48 recognized), and 31 Diospyros species (of a total of at least 82). Nearly all of these are endemic to Madagascar. Photographs of each plant and information on its height, diameter at breast height (DBH), habit, and distribution in Madagascar are included. Color micrographs of double-stained sections through the xylem, bark, and pith of stems, branches, and twigs are provided for each species. A key for the identification ofDalbergia and Diospyros species is provided on the basis of stem wood anatomical features. Generally, separation between the included Madagascar Dalbergia species is possible by using ring porosity, ray type and ray width features. Ray width and vessels grouping are used for the covered Diospyros species of Madagascar. The key should be used in conjunction with the images. The limitation is that each species was represented by one wood specimen. Furthermore, the key is not covering all Madagascar species of these genera, because not all exploited and traded species are included in this study; only those that were collected with botanical vouchers recently. However, the great value of this book is that the data is based on properly collected specimens.

I have seen only the eBook. An eBook is possible to scroll, zoom, but does not handle like a handbook. It is full of illustrations of the anatomical detail, but offering only one photo of the whole plant, one that is not sufficiently detailed for field identification. The entries for each species do mention if it is an exploited species, but not the macroscopic properties of wood such as color and density. Such data for many species in this study may be found in the InsideWood online database, which has data on may additional Madagascar species of Dalbergia and Diospyros.

Dalbergia and Diospyros species in Madagascar are highly endangered by harvesting and illegal trade because they yield highly-priced woods, which are intensively traded across the world. Identification is the basic element of CITES enforcement to facilitate adequate implementation of the Appendix 11 listing of Dalbergia and Diospyros species. This book will be attractive to plant scientists, in particular to taxonomists and anybody involved in wood identification and will support legal precious wood trading through correct identification.

May/June 2018 World of Wood 31 International Wood Collectors Society 12 August Alp Ct. NON PROFIT ORG St. Charles, MO 63303-5302, USA U.S. POSTAGE PAID INDIANAPOLIS, IN PERMIT # 8

Acupuri - What is It? article is on page 10

Micrandropsis scleroxylon: lens view of a transverse section; parenchyma in narrow bands up to 3 cells wide, vessels solitary and in radial multiples of 2–6 cells, with small vessels in between (photo by Raimund Aichbauer)