BLUMEA 22 (1974) 20—29

FloraeMalesianaePraecursores LIV. III

F. Markgraf

Institut fur Systematische Botanik der Universitat, Zurich, Switzerland

9. R. BR.

Pacif. —182. Monograph: Monachino, Sc. 3 (1949) 133

About in Central the others from India to China and 40 species, 2 Africa, SW. through the whole of Malesia till northern Australia, the Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, the

New Hebrides, the Fiji-, Samoa-, Cook-, Society-, and Marquesas Islands. Almost all Malesian Alstonias prefer wet ground, some even peat swamp forests, and

tolerate open water. They are frequent to common in lowland rain forests, some in

mountainrain forests too.Themost widely distributed species, A. scholaris and.A. spectabilis,

have wider of also in woods and a range water requirement, occurring sclerophyllous

wood patches in savannas.

Because oftheir frequency andcharacteristic habit the Alstonias have obtained a popular

generic name: pulai.

The leaf shape is extremely variable in this genus. On the same twig, and even in the

the from and same whorl, leaves may vary obovate and obtuse to elliptic acuminate. Sometimes, after the fruits have shed their seeds, short shoots with much smaller leaves

spring between the branches of the inflorescence from the axils of fallen leaves. The in- florescence is often terminal, pleiochasial, short-peduncled or sessile, its branches springing from the axils of small these inflorescences have and scales; partial a long peduncle 1—3

nodes giving rise to secondary cymes.

KEY TO MALESIAN FLOWERING SPECIMENS

I. Leaves velvety-papillose and pale below, in whorls of 4—8, lateral nerves numerous

distant. (ca. 40—100 pairs), straight, 1—4(—5) mm Flowers predominantly yellow. Corolla the left. lobes overlapping to Seeds obtuse at both ends, their borders glabrous

or very short-haired section Pala (Adr. Juss.) Benth.

Corolla obtuse at least the lobes subor- 2. in bud, pubescent outside, in upper part,

bicular, 2 —4 mm in diam.

Leaves above when dry with distinct reticulation I. A. scholaris tertiary ....

2. Corolla obtuse or acutish, glabrous outside, lobes oblong-ovate, 3 —8(—11.4) mm

in long. Tertiary reticulation of leaves dry state very indistinct or none. Inflorescence branches with nodes ofcrowded flowers and subsessile 3. 2 ramifica- tions. Pedicels o—3 mm. Calyx hirtellous. Corolla bud conspicuously obtuse. Follicles last Lateral of leaves pubescent, at glabrate. nerves patent.

4. Leaves elliptic, subacuminate or obtuse. Follicles puberulent to glabrous

2. A. angustiloba

4. Leaves spathulate, rounded or retuse. Follicles puberulent

3. A. pneumatophora VOL. 22 BLUMEA 22, No. I, 1974

Inflorescence with ramifications. 3. branches loose, stalked Pedicels 2—10 mm.

Calyx glabrous. Corolla bud obtuse or acutish. Follicles glabrous or nearly so.

5. Leaves spathulate, obtuse. Inflorescences stout. Corolla bud conspicuously

obtuse, corollatube shorter than or as long as the lobes. Angle betweenlateral

of nerves leaves and midrib ca. 8o° 4. A. spatulata slender. 5. Leaves lanceolate, acute or subobtuse. Inflorescences Corolla bud less obtuse, slender, corolla tube longer than the lobes. Angle between lateral

and midrib nerves of leaf ca. 70° 5. A. actinophylla

Leaves in lateral 1. not velvety-papillose below, whorls of 3 or 4 or decussate, nerves less

less distant. Flowers numerous (ca. 10—20 pairs), more or arcuate, (4—)8 —15 mm

white or cream-coloured. Corolla lobes overlapping to the right. Seeds acuminate at

the upper end, their borders long-haired section Monuraspermum Mon.

6. Calyx urceolate, its lobes reflexed, tomentose inside and outside, broader than long,

0.5—1 mm high, cup 1—2 mm high.

Corolla outside its lobes — X — 7. tomentose, nearly orbicular, 1.5 2 1.5 2.5 mm, their bud broad the tube globose, as as 6. A. angustifolia

Corolla outside lobes — — their 7. nearly glabrous, its oblong, 3.7 5 X 1.4 2.9 mm,

bud oblong, slightly narrowed towards the top 7. A. parvifolia

its lobes reflexed than the 6. Calyx turbinate, or not, longer or as long as cup.

8. Calyx and corolla outside white-tomentose.Corolla lobes completely tomentose

inside. Petioles mostly long, (5 —)i5—20 mm*).

inside 9. Calyx lobes ovate, 1—2 mm, often reflexed, laxly hairy to subglabrous.

lobes — often —8 Corolla ovate, obtuse, 1.5 X 1 1.2 mm. Leaves 5 cm broad

8. A. spectabilis

9. Calyx lobes oblong, 2 mm, not reflexed, inside tomentose. Corolla lobes

— Leaves broad. linear-oblong, acute, 3 4 X 0.7 mm. mostly 2 —3 cm

9. A. muelleriana

8. Calyx lobes glabrous to laxly puberulous, ciliate. Corolla glabrous outside, its lobes with hairs inside the lower half. Petioles in mostly shorter, 3—15 mm*).

10. Corolla lobes oblong, acutish, 4—7 mm.

Leaves ratio — 11. mostly oblong-lanceolate, ca. 3 —4, 8—30 X 3 9 cm. Calyx

its lobes laxly puberulous, broad-ovate, 0.5—0.75 mm high, I mm broad,

cup 0.5—1 mm high 10. A. macrophylla

6 —8 11. Leaves obovate to oblanceolate, ratio ca.2—3, —19 x 2 cm. Calyx

glabrous or nearly its lobes I X so, ovate, 1 mm, cup 1 mm high.

11. A. brassii

Corolla lobes 10. ovate, obtuse, 1.5—3 mm 12. A. glabriflora

KEY TO MALESIAN FRUITING SPECIMENS

(the measurements of fruit breadth refer to closed follicles)

1. Leaves with numerous straight lateral nerves mutually 1—3(—5) mm distant, pale to

white-papillose below.

2. Leaves chartaceous,broadly lanceolate, 5 —12 X I—3 cm. Infructescence glabrous,

slender branches and Follicles lax,with pedicels. glabrous, 200 X 3 mm.

5. A. actinophylla

In New A. *) Guinea and Waigeo occur presumable hybrids brassii x spectabilis with intermediate floral w # characters. See page 29. F. Maekgraf: Apocynaieae 111 23

2. Leaves coriaceous, spathulate or broad-elliptic.

follicles or —6 mm broad. 3. Ripe glabrous nearly so, 4

4. Leaves spathulate, obtuse, 5.5—9 x 1.5—4.5 cm, tertiary reticulation in-

distinct above. Branches of infructescence with 2 nodes, glabrous, pedicels lobes Follicles 5 —10 mm long. Calyx obtuse, glabrous. 250 mm long

4. A. spatulata

Leaves —28 4. elliptic to oblanceolate, short-acuminate, 7 x 2 —11 cm, tertiary reticulation distinct above (in dry state). Branches of infructescence thyrsoid,

often with than lobes more 2 nodes, pubescent, pedicels 3 —6 mm long. Calyx

acuminate, hirsute. Follicles 500 mm long I. A. scholaris

follicles broad old ret- 3. Ripe pilose, 3—4 mm (glabrate in empty fruits). Tertiary iculation of leaves indistinct above.

Follicles 5. Leaves elliptic, acuminate, rarely obtuse, 7—23 X 3—8 cm. pubescent

to glabrate, 200 X 4 mm 2. A. angustiloba

Leaves Follicles 5. spathulate, obtuse, 4—11 X 2—4.5 cm. pubescent, 170 X 3

mm 3. A. pneumatophora

with lateral 1. Leaves spaced nerves 5 —15 mm distant, not pale papillose below. Follicles glabrous.

6. lobes Leaves oblong-elliptic or oblong-obovate, 12—30 x 3—8 cm. Calyx pubescent,

Follicles in diam broad, 1—1.5 mm long. 4 mm 10. A. macrophylla

6. Leaves elliptic or obovate.

acuminate 7. Leaves conspicuously or acute, mostly elliptic or oblanceolate. Calyx

lobes, ifpreserved, forming merely an annular rim.

8. decussate whorls of —8 Follicles diam. Leaves or in 3, 8—19 X 2 cm. 3 mm in 6. A. angustifolia

Leaves in whorls of or Follicles in diam. 8. 3 4, 8 —15 x 2 —5.5 cm. 4—5 mm

7. A. parvifolia often obovate. if 7. Leaves shortly acuminate or obtuse, elliptic or Calyx lobes,

preserved, I—2 mm long, distinctly separated.

with of 9. Petioles (5 —)ij—20 mm. Infructescenses remnants a tomentose in-

dument. Calyx lobes pilose, 1.5—2 mm long.

ends the 10. Leaves 9 —15 X 1.5—3 cm. Infructescences slender, their lax,

fruits therefore spaced. Follicles 3 mm in diam.. . . 9. A. muelleriana Infructescences their ends 10. Leaves 10—30 X 1.5—3 cm. stout, condensed, Follicles the fruits therefore agglomerated. 4 mm in diam.

8. A. spectabilis Petioles Infructescences lobes 9. 5 —15 mm. glabrous. Calyx glabrous, 0.5—1

mm long. Follicles 11. Leaves long-acuminate, 12—18 by 4—8 cm. 3—4 mm across

II. A. brassii

Leaves 11. short-acuminate or obtuse, 6—19 by 2—8 cm. Follicles 4 —6 mm

across 12. A. glabriflora

1. Alstonia scholaris (L.) R. Br.

A. R. Mem. Wern. Nat. Hist. Soc. scholaris (L.) Br., 1 (1811) 76; BL, Bijdr. (1826) 1036; Decne, Herb.

Timor. Descr. (1835) 50; G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4 (1838) 86; A. DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 408; Hassk., Flora 28

Bat. Sum. (1845) 299, sphalm. 267; Miq., Fl. Ind. 2 (1856) 436; (i860) 229, 555; F.-Vill., Novis. App. (1880) 129; Hook./., Fl. Br. Ind. 3 (1882) 642; Forbes, Wand. (1885) 510; Vidal, Phan. Cuming. (1885) 126; Rev. PI. Vase. K. 116; Minah. Filip. (1886) 183; & V., Bijdr. 1 (1894) Koord., (1898) 527; Bocrl., 24 BLUMEA VOL. 22, No. 1, 1974

Inst. Bot. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. K. Sch. Handl. 2 (1899) 395; Bull. Btzg. 5 (1900) 15; Ridl.,J. 33 (1900) no;

For. Born. Bur. & Laut., Fl. Schutzgeb. (1901) 501; Becc., (1902) 580; Merr., Bull. For. Philip. 1 (1903)

Sc. K. & Mat. Pen. 49; Philip.J. 1 (1906) Suppl. 116; G., Fl. Mai. (1907) 436; Merr., Fl. Manila (1912) 372;

Exk. Int. Koord., Fl. Java 3 (1912) 72; Atlas 1 (1913) t. 77; Merr., Rumph. (1917) 427; Sp. Blanc. (1918)

308; En. Born. (1921) 497; Troup, Silvicult. Ind. Trees 2 (1921) 668; "White, Proc. R. Soc. Queensl. 34

Pen. En. For Res. (1922) 49; Ridl., Fl. Mai. 2 (1923) 346; Merr., Philip. 3 (1923) 323; Lane-Poole, (1925)

134; Heyne, Nutt. PI. ed. 2 (1927) 1277; Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 2(1934) 97; Kanjilal, Fl. Assam 3 (1939) 253; Trees Mus. Corner,Ways. (1940) 140; Kanehira & Hatus., Bot. Mag. Tokyo 55 (1941) 489; Pichon, Bull.

Hist. Nat. Paris II, 19 (1947) 296; Monach., Pacif. Sc. 3 (1949) 146; Meijer-Drees, Comm. For. Res. Inst. Austr. Rain Trees 33 (1951) 35; Francis, For. (1951) 452; Quis., Med. PI. Philip. (1951) 721; Womersley &

Mac Adam, For. Papua & New Guinea (1957) 23, 51; Koning-Vrolijkel al., Nova Guinea Bot. 10 (1962)

MaL 157; Hegnauer, Chemotax. 3 (1964) 143, 152; Wyatt-Smith & Kochummen, For. Rec. 17 (1965) 72;

& Smythies, Common Sarawak Trees (1965) 19; Backer Bakh./, FL Java 2 (1965) 226; Burk., Diet.

(1966) 114; Van Royen el al., Man. For. Trees Papua & N.G. 9 (without year) 9; Peekel, Fl. Bismarck

— — scholare Arch, (msc.) 1425. [Pala Rheede, Hort. Malab. 1 (1678) 81, t. 45.] [Lignum Rumph., Herb.

Amboin. 2 (1741) 246, t. 82.] — Echites scholaris L. Mant., (1767) 53. — Tabernaemontana alternifolia

Fl. Ind. — Echites Trans. Linn. Soc. Burm., (1768) 69 p.p. pala Ham., 13 (1822) 518.

var. scholaris

Leaves glabrous. Distribution. and From India and Ceylon through Burma, , Indo-China to

Yunnanand through Malesia till the and the Liukiu Is., New Guinea, Queens- land, the Bismarck Arch., and the Solomon Is. Documented from the whole by many specimens area.

velutina Pacif. var. Monach., Sc. 3 (1949) 150. Leaves strigillose-pilose below.

MALAY PENINSULA. P h SF a a n g. 24680, Tekal.

BORNEO. Sarawak. S 25521, Tarat. — Brunei. BRUN 5407, J. Tutong. — East. Kostermans

6772, Lao Haur (W. of Samarinda).

NEW GUINEA. West. Holtekang: BW 2651, 2652, 2654. — East. Morobe Distr.: Clemens 7971,

Distr.: Sio. — Central Schodde 2472, Brown R., Karema.

Alstonia 2. angustiloba Miq.

A. angustiloba Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 438; K. & V., Bijdr. 1 (1894) 120; K. & G., Mat. Fl. Mai. Pen.

En. Born. En. Pen. (1907) 438; Merr., (1921) 497; Philip. 3 (1923) 321; Ridl., Fl. Mai. 2 (1923) 347; Burk. & Hend., Gov. Bull. Str. Settl. 3 (1925) 396; Heyne, Nutt. PI. ed. 2 (1927) 1276; Hend., J. Mai. Br. R. As. Soc. Sc. 17 (1939) 56; Corner, Ways. Trees (1940) 142; Monach., Pacif. 3 (1949) 152; Bakh./.,

Blumea 6 (1950) 393; Browne, For. Trees Sarawak (1955) 63; Smythies, Common Sarawak Trees (1965)

18; Wyatt-Smith & Kochummen, Mai. For. Rec. 17 (1965) 72; Backer & Bakh./, Fl. Java 2 (1965) 226.

— A. Bat. Sum. — A. Lead. calophylla Miq., Fl. Ind. 2 (1856) 439; (i860) 229. iwahigensis Elm., 4 (1912)

1447. — Paladelpha angustiloba Pich., Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris II, 19 (1947) 299.

MALAY PENINSULA. k. Larut: Coll. 1. — h P e r a King's 5265, 5270; s. Wray 4058. P a a n g. KEP FRI

12227, Gap Rd. (sterile, identification uncertain). — Selangor. Carrick & Enoch s.n., Bako Nat. Park,

P. Lakei, 2—5— 1959 (KLU); Stone 6060, Ulu Gombak (KLU). — Negri Sembilan. Yakim 1987,

Serembau (SING). — Malacca. Alvins 37, Bt. Bumang; 805, Batang Malaka; Deny 135, Bt. Sabukor.

— P. Penang. Curtis 3087, Waterfall; SF 12699, Batu Jeringi. — . Kas 3, Mt. Faber; Bt. Res. SF 37007, Timah tree no. 29.

SUMATRA. West Coast, bb 4148, Padang, Lubuk Perahu. — East Coast. Bartlett 7251 (sterile, identification uncertain), 8432, Asahan, Silo Maradja. — Benkulen. Endert 1065, Redjang, Bt. Basah.

— 6 — 1086. — Palembang. collections. Simalur. Achmad 665, 1032, RiouwArch.bli 27574, Kuala Belilas.

JAVA. West. 8 collections. — Central. 6 collections.

BORNEO. Sarawak. Anderson 8981, Kuching; S 178, Kuching, Semengoh; S 19497, 21587, Kuching.

— Brunei. BRUN — West. 5005, Telamba. Elsener 201, Sanggau. — Southeast, bb 14202, F. Markgraf: 111 Apocynaceae 25

Pleihari; Sauveur 87, Balikpapan. — East. Koslermans 6456, Loa Djanan (W. of Samarinda); 6786, Loa

Haur mouth of Mahakam W. Kutei, Mt. Palimasan R. — (ditto); 9559, R.; 12969, near Tabang on Belajan

North. collections. — — sh. 12 Bangueyl. SAN 40774. L a b u a n. Beccari s.n., —8—1867 (FI nr.

6420 & 6421).

PHILIPPINES. Palawan. Elmer 13167, Puerto Princesa, Mt. Pulgar.

ofthe often similar scholaris. Sterile Note. The shape leaves is very to that of A. herba- rium with the lack of reticulation material can be distinguished some certainty by tertiary and the lateral which the by nerves are more closely set (not over 2 mm distant) in present species.

Alstonia 3. pneumatophora Den Berger

A. Backer Den Med. Nutt. PI. ed. pneumatophora ex Berger, Proefst. Thee 97 (1926) 153; Heyne, 2 (1927)

A. 1277; Monach., Pacif. Sc. 3 (1949) 153; Smythies, Common Sarawak Trees (1965) 18. — pneumatophora

var. netiolata Monach. Lc.

SUMATRA. Palembang. 13 collections. — RiouwArch. 6ft 9965, Karimun, Sg. Simpang Kanan.

BORNEO. Sarawak. Haviland 1689, Kuching; S 16414, Distr. Scrian, Sg. Engkabang, 55 th mile

Brunei. Simanggau Rd. — BRUN 4236, Beaufort. — Southeast and East bh 28080, Muara

Kostermans Wain N. of Teweh, Pepas; 4537, Sg. region, N. of Balikpapan; 3883, E. Kutei, Sg. Kerajaan, Sangkulirang.

CELEBES. Malili: NIFS III Cel III = Central. Cel 51, Usu; 120 130.

Notes. The leaves resemble much those of A. The of the very spatulata. length petiole

is, as observed by Monachino, an overlapping character, unmistakably distinguishing

A. spatulata only when more than 7 mm. Anotherweak character distinguishing A. spatu- lata is the often oblique angle of the lateral nerves. Sterile material of these two species

should not be collected.

Monachino's var. petiolata from Sumatra shows probably hybrid introgression of

A. angustiloba. There are specimens from other localities which come near to this variety.

4. Alstonia spatulata Bl. — Plate.

8 Bat. A. spatulata Bl., Bijdr. (1826) 1037; DC., Prodr. (1844) 410; Miq., Fl. Ind. 2 (1856) 437; Hook./.'

Fl. Br. Ind. 3 (1882) 642; Boerl., Handl. 2 (1895) 395; Ridl., J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 33 (1900) no; K. & G.,

Mat. Pen. En. Born. Mai. Pen. FI. Mai. (1907) 437; Merr., (1921) 497; Ridl., Fl. 2 (1923) 346; Heyne,

Nutt. PI. ed. 2 (1927) 1279; Kerr, Fl. Siam. En. 2 (1939) 441; Corner, Ways. Trees (1940) 142; Monach.,

For. Pacif. Sc. 3 (1949) 153; Browne, Trees Sarawak (1955) 63; Anderson, Gov. Bull. Sing. 20 (1963) 190; Bakh. Hegnauer, Chemotax. 3 (1964) 145; Backer & /., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 226; Smythies, Common

& ed. Sarawak Trees (1965) 19; Wyatt-Smith Kochummen, Mai. For. Rec. 17 (1965) 72; Burk., Diet. 2

— A. (1966) 116. cuneata Walk [Cat. (1829) n. 1645] ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4(1837) 87. — A. cochinchinensis

Pierre Gen I.—C. ex Pitard, Fl. 3 (1933) 1165.

Distribution. Thailand, Indo-China, Malesia.

MALAY PENINSULA. & SF Batu KEP Bidor Perak. Burkill Haniff 13414, Gajah; 2139, Rd., Tapoh; Corner King's Coll. 7464, Larut; 7780; Wray 170 bis, Tapa Batang Padang. — Kelantan. s.n., Kota

Bahru, 23—4—1937 (SING). — Trengganu. SF 40383, between Kampong Merabong Tengah and

P — Kampong Nibong. — a h a n g . Burkill & HaniffSF 17389, Beserah. Selangor. 14 collections.

— Kota Malacca. Alvins 366, 922; Derry 1064, Tualang; Maingay 1068. —J o h o r e. SF 14380, Tinggi.

SUMATRA. on Si Tapanuli. Rahmat 5219, P. Liman; 5430, Sopsopau Aek Olip. — WestCoast.

Jacobs 4582, N. of Pajakumbuh, near Harau; Meijer 4332, Pajakumbuh, near Batang Agau; 3233, Pajakum- buh, Sarilamak. — East Coast. Rahmat 1866, Rantau Parapat, Bila; 8243, Asahan, Aer Djoman. —

Benkulen. Ds. Besar. — E — IS k Rias Rappard 122 DB, Palembang.Endert 823. a 11 a. bh 13404, (identification uncertain).

W 6 JAVA. e s t. collections. BLUMEA VOL. No. 26 22, 1, 1974

BORNEO. Sarawak. 7 collections. — Brunei. BRUN 5710, 5711, Penanjong. —West. Hallier

— — — A 99, Soeka Lanting. South, bb 18115, Kuala Kapuas. NE. Amdjah 2, Pladjoe. N o r t h. 1296,

Beaufort, Lumat; NBFD 10137, Kimanis For. Res. (identification uncertain); SAN 10759, Kabili-Sepilok

For. Res.; K. Saratok 27329, Kliss, camp; 30315, Beaufort, Sampongo.

NEW GUINEA. WEST. Vogelkop Pen.: BW 8048, Kebar Valley. — South: BW 3229, Asmat Distr.,

Erma. — East. Morobe Distr.: 6 collections. — Gulf Distr.: NGF 8020, Uramu I.

5. Alstonia actinophylla (Cunn.) K. Schum.

A. in actinophylla (Cunn.) K. Schum. E. & P., Nat. Pfl. Fam. IV, 2 (1895) 138. — Alyxia actinophylla Cunn.,

Bot. — F. 6 F. Mag. (1834) sub tab. 3313. Alstonia verticillosa v. M., Fragm. (1868) 116; M. Bailey, Austr.

Ass. Adv. Sc. (1898) 15; Valeton, Bull. Dép. Agr. Indes Néerl. 10 (1907) 49; Ewart & Davies, Fl. North.

Terr. Nova Guinea (1917) 222; Markgr., 14 (1925) 279; Hegnauer, Chemotax. 3 (1964) 145.

Distribution. Queensland, New Guinea.

NEW Anta Van GUINEA. West. around Merauke: — South, 87, 268; Royen 4530; Versteeg 279. East.

Western Distr. : 6 collections.

6. Alstonia angustifolia DC.

A. angustifolia Wall. [Cat. (1829) n. 1650] ex DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 409; Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 437; Fl. Ind. Minah. Handl. Hook./, Br. 3 (1882) 643; Koord., (1898) 527; Boerl., 2 (1899) 395; Ridl., J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. K. 33 (1900) no; & G., Mat. Fl. Mai. Pen. (1907) 440; Merr., En. Born. (1921) 497;

Ridl., Fl. Mai. Pen. 2 (1923) 348; Heyne, Nutt. PI. ed. 2 (1927) 1276; Merr., Sarawak Mus. J. 3 (1928)

Trees 347; Corner, Ways. (1940) 141; Monach., Pacif. Sc. 3 (1949) 159; Browne, For. Trees Sarawak

(1955) 65; Smythies, Common Sarawak Trees (1965) 18. — Amblyocalyx beccarii Benth. in Hook., Icon.

12 (1876) tab. 1179; Merr., En. Born. (1921) 500. — A. latifolia Ridl., Fl. Mai. Pen. 2 (1923) 347. — A.

beccarii Bull. Mus. Hist. — A. (Benth.) Pich., Nat. Paris II. 19 (1947) 297. angustifolia var. elliptica K. & G.,

Mat. Fl. Mai. Pen. (1907) 441. — A. angustifolia var. latifolia K. & G., I.e.; Monach., Pacif. Sc. 3 (1949) 160.

Distribution. Malesia. A variety reported from Annam.

MALAY PENINSULA. Selangor. Nur SF 34057, Klang, Telok For. Res.; C. Smith KEP 18151, ditto. _ — Malacca. Alvins 925-, Derry 1080, Merlimau; Hassan 13, Bt. Bruang; Ridley 3189, G. Mering, Padang

Batu. — 6 — P. collections. — 18 Johore. collections. Penang. 9 Singapore. collections. SUMATRA. T apanoeli. bb 3843, Silindoeng. — East C oast, bb 2917. Simalungun; Rahmat 8534,

Adian Huto Tomuan Dumas Asahan, — Rindang, Dolok. Palembang. 1533, Rawas; Grashojf 974, ditto. — Banka. 10 collections.

West. JAVA. Bakhuizen v. d. Brink 5399, Bogor, near Tegal Sapi (identification uncertain).

BORNEO. Sarawak. 22 collections. — West. bb 6328, Mempawa Toho; Hallier 1622, G. Kenepai;

— Clemens Mt. SAN Ranau. — 2559, Smitau. North. 28673, 28673 A, 50392, Kinabalu; 32244, 32355,

Balambanganl. Tang 1678 A (SING). — Tarakanl. Meijer 2536 (SING).

CELEBES. Southwest Peninsula. bb 21603, Lamarua. — Southeast Peninsula. Beccari s.n., Kandari (Fl sh. 6416, 6417).

Notes. As pointed out by King & Gamble, this species resembles much A. spectabilis, of especially in its large-leaved forms. Conspicuous characters A. angustifolia are; calyx

urceolate, not deeply incised, the lobes 0.5 mm high, 1 mm broad, the cup I—1.5 mm

follicles broader than the is high, not 3 mm. In A. spectabilis calyx turbinate, deeply the lobes the follicles broad. incised, are 1—1.5 by 1 mm, cup is 0.5—1 mm high, 4 mm The occurrence of A. angustifolia on Mt. Kinabalu (Borneo) is documented by Clemens

28673 and from alt. These attributed by 28673H Tenompok, 1500 m specimens are

to 'transitional to Monachino the Philippine A. parvifolia as angustifolia’. Here they are included this be several floral in A. angustifolia; may justified by characters: calyx 1.5—2 lobes mm (not 3.5 —4), corolla tube tomentose outside (not glabrous), pubescent, 2 by 1.3 the less mm (not glabrous, 5 by 1.7 mm); the only difference with typical angustifolia is in F. Mahkgraf: Apocynaceae 111 27

broadand less pilose corolla lobes (2 by 1.3, not 2 by 2 mm; pubescent, not tomentose). Moreover, typical A. angustifolia is frequent in Borneo, and also represented at lower

altitudes on Kinabalu Clemens the above cited Mt. ( 50392, Gurulau, 1050 m); specimens variation altitude. seem to represent only a slight of higher

7. Alstonia parvifolia Merr.

Gov. Sc. A. parvifolia Merr., Publ. Lab. Philip. 35 (1906) 59; Philip. J. 1 (1906) Suppl. 116; Tsiang, Sunyat-

senia 2 (1934) 100; Monach., Pacif. Sc. 3 (1949) 160.

PHILIPPINES. LUZON. — BS , Rizal, Mt. Irig; 7700 Sierra Madre, NNW. of Dingalan. 42139 Jacobs ,

N e r o s. Elmer Cuernos Mts. g 9690 , Dumaguete,

8. Alstonia spectabilis R. Br.

A. R. Mem. Wern. Hist. Soc. Herb. Descr. spectabilis Br., Nat. 1 (1811) 76; Decne., Timor. (1835) 50;

PI. Bot. Tuin Weltevr. Ind. Bat. DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 409; Filet, (1855) 6$; Miq., Fl. 2 (1856) 437; Hcmsl.,

Bot. Pacif. Chall. I, 3 (1885) 165; Boerl., Handl. 2 (1899) 395; Monach., Sc. 3 (i949) 161; Meijer-Drees,

Coinmun. For. Res. Inst. Mac For. & New Guinea Bogor 33 (1951) 35; Womersley & Adam, Papua A. villosa Van Man. For. Trees & N.G. 18. — (1957) 23; Royen et al., Papua 9 (without year) Bl., Bijdr. K. (1826) 1036; DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 410; Boerl., Handl. 2 (1899) 395; Sch. & Laut., Nachtr. (1905) 350;

Ewart & Davies, Fl. North. Terr. (1917) 222; Beum6e, Hand. 3e Ned. Ind. Natw. Congr. (192$) 147;

Bot. Contr. Am. Arb. Heyne, Nutt. PI. ed. 2 (1927) 1279; Markgr., Jahrb. 61 (1928) 177; White, 4 (i933)

91; Backer & Bakh./., Fl. Java 2 (1965) 226; Peekel, Fl. Bismarck Arch, (msc.) 1426. — Blaberopus villosus

Bat. A. Ann. Mus. Bot. Miq., Fl. Ind. 2 (1856) 440, incl. var. petiolatus. — subsessilis Miq., Lugd.-Bat. 4

— A. F. Descr. Not. Proc. R. Soc. 49; (1868) 140. longissima v. M., (1877) 91; White, Queensl. 34 (1922)

1 — A. Lane-Poole, For. Res. Papua (1925) 135. — A. villosa var. glabra K. & V., Bijdr. (1894) 123. Bot. 61 somersetensis F. M. — villosa f. calvescens Bailey, Queensl. Agr. J. 1 (1897) 229. A. Markgr., Jahrb. (1928) 178.

Distribution. Malesia and Queensland.

West. Koorders Ratu. — col- JAVA. Preanger: 12302, 157*0* Sukabumi; 12333, Pelabuan Central.7 _

Bcsuki. — Nusa from — East. from lections, mainly Pekalongan. 10 collections, mainly Barung.

— Arch. Backer Kaju Waru; Jacobs 4736. Kangean 27816, 27966, G. Eteng near Tambajangan;28134,

28938, Sepandjang.

LESSER SUNDA ISLANDS. De Kostermans Lombok. Voogd 2062. — Sumbawa. 18230, 18232, 19112,

266 Mao Batu Lanteh Kuswata Olat Seli. — S b Iboet Pajeti; Lologooh; 484 Mts.; 232 , Parnek, u m a. 9, , ,

Marru. — Kostermans & Wirawan base Flores. 91, of Mt. Ndeki; Schmutz 13, 33, Rekas; Verheijen 992, Van Borssum Waalkes 993, 2687. — R o t i. Verheijen 2410. — Timor. 7 collections. — Babar Is.

3086, Letwurung. — Tanimbar Is. 7 collections.

BORNEO. North. SAN For. Res. 41342, Kudat Distr., Loroh Elmer PHILIPPINES. LUZON. Elmer 14468, Sorsogon, Irosin, Mt. Bulusan. — Mindanao. 10840,

Davao Distr., Todaya, Mt. Apo.

CELEBES. CENTRAL. NIFS Cel. II. Malili, Usu; Rachmat 846, Kp. Balandu. — Southwest. 438,

o e n a. — P. M NIFS Cel. I. Bonthain. — 1 — bb 44, S a e ij e r. bb 3683. Kalaotua. 22950, Lembego. bb 3849, Wakadca.

— Tuai MOLUCCAS. AMBON. De of subsessilis Kail s. 413, (L). Fretes . A. . Jensen _ 3374/T (U,v _, type/r Miq.).v , NEW GUINEA. P. the Aru New Britain, 51 collections from all over the island, including also Japen, Is., New Ireland, Woodlark I., Ferguson I., and Normanby I. Cultivated Hort. Bot. Bogor IV. A. 82.

9. Alstonia muelleriana Domin

A. A. muelleriana — muelleriana Domin, Bibl. Bot. 89 (1928) 1081; Monach., Pacif. Sc. 3 (1949) 163. var. A. villosa Fl. Austr. parvifolia Domin, I.e. — auct. non Bl.: F. v. M., Fragm. 6 (1867) 117; Benth., 4 (1869)

F. M. 313; Bailey, Queensl. Fl. 3 (1900) 986.

Distribution. Queensland, South New Guinea.

NEW Distr.: Brass GUINEA. — East. Western 6363, West. BW 4833, along R. Digoel, near Wage. Oriomo R., Mabaduan; middle Fly R., Lake Daviumbu; 8373 lower Fly R., Gaima; NGF 10388, 7933, , BLUMEA VOL. No. 28 22, 1, 1974

8 50 S 143 15 E; 17739, Oriomo Creek, mouth of Yakup Creek, 8 50 S 143 E; 33526, 33726, Bensbach

8 Post. — Subdistr., Weam, 38 S 141 07 E; Pullen 7148, Morchead Patrol Southern Highlands Distr.:

NGF 39799, Mendi Subdistr., Mendi Rd., 6 5 S 143 50 E. — Central Distr.: NGF 7166, Brown R., near

Laloki Bridge; Schodde 8 miles N. of Kapakapa. 2745,

10. Alstonia macrophylla G. Don

Wall. A. macrophylla [Cat. (1829) n. 1648] ex G. Don, Gen. Syst. 4 (1837) 87; DC., Prodr. 8 (1844) 409;

Bat. Br. Miq., Fl. Ind. 2 (1856) 438; Hook./, Fl. Ind. 3 (1882) 643; Hemsl., Bot. Chall. 1, 3 (1885) 165;

Boerl., Handl. 2 (1899) 395; Merr., Bull. Bur. For. Philip. 1 (1903) 48; K. & G., Mat. Fl. Mai. Pen.

Born. En. (1907) 439; Merr., En. (1921) 497; Philip. 3 (1923) 322; Ridl., Fl. Mai. Pen. 3 (1923) 347;

For. En. Lane-Poole, Res. Papua (1925) 135; Pitard, Fl. G6n. I.-C. 3 (1933) 1162; Kerr, Fl. Siam. 2 (1939)

440; Corner, Ways. Trees (1940) 142; Monach., Pacif. Sc. 3 (1949) 164; Quis., Med. PI. Philip. (1951) 720;

— citrina Burk., Diet. (1966) 114. [Cofassus Rumph., Herb. Amboin. 3 (1743) 30, tab. 15; Merr., Int.

A. n. ex Rumph. (1917) 427]. — macrophylla var. glabra DC., I.e. — A. costata Wall. [Cat. (1829) 1649]

R. 1811. — Miq., Fl. Ind. Bat. 2 (1856) 439, non Br., A. batino Blanco, Fl. Filip. ed. 2 suppl. (1845) 589; Publ. Merr., Gov. Lab. Philip. 27 (1905) 59. — A. acuminata Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. 4 (1869)

140. — A. subsessilis Miq., I.e. — A. pangkorensis K. & G., Mat. Fl. Mai. Pen. (1907) 442; Ridl., Fl. Mai.

Pen. 2 (1923) 348. — A. paucinervia Merr., Philip. J. Sc. Bot. 5 (1910) 224, En. Philip. 3 (1923) 322. — A.

En. A. mollis oblongifolia Merr., Philip. J. Sc. Bot. 10 (1915) 65; Philip. 3 (1923) 322. — macrophylla var.

Merr., En. Philip. 3 (1923) 322. — A. macrophylla var. acuminata (Miq.) Monach., Pacif. Sc. 3 (1949) 166.

Distribution. From Indo-China and Thailand to the Moluccas.

Kcdai MALAY PENINSULA. P e ra KEP FRI Lumut For. Res. K e 1 a n t a n. Corner k. 974, — 33422,

near Kota Bahru. — Bahru, — Trengganu. Corner s.n., Kuala Trcngganu, 26—4 —1937 (SING).

1 KEP FRI For. Res. — Batten S e a n g o r. 20, Telok Langkawi Islands. Pooll s.n., —2—1940 —P. Pen (SING). an g. Corner 31950,Penang Hill; Curtis 378, Government Hill; KEP 98132, Georgetown

Bot. KEP FRI SF Feltes Rd. Garden; 281, Penang Hill; 39123, SUMATRA. B i 1 i t o n. Anonymous 84. (L).

BORNEO. North. 18 collections. — Banguey Island. SAN 23736.

collections. — PHILIPPINES. Palawan. Elmer 12929, Puerto Princesa, Mt. Pulgar. — Luzon. 23

R — o m b 1 o n. Elmer 12157. Guimaras. PNH 11731.

CELEBES. North. Koorders 16044,Menado.

MOLUCCAS. Ceram. Buwalda 5640, Kp. Kiandarat, G. Kilia. — Ambon. Robinson PI. Rumph. 77.

Cultivated. Hort. Bot. Kostermans Bogor IV.A.55 & 65 ( = 11141).

11. Alstonia brassii Monach.

A. brassii Monach., Pacif. Sc. 3 (1949) 166; Van Royen et al., Man. For. Trees Papua & N.G. 9 (without

year) 12, f. 5.

NEW GUINEA. Vogelkop Peninsula. BW 15260, Ajamaru. — Indonesian North. Southern BW 3682, Hollandia; Kostermans & Soegeng 206, Dozai (E. of Hollandia). — Southeast.

Lake Carr Highlands Distr. : Schodde 2165, Kutubu, near Tage. — Central Distr.: 14541, Boridi; Darbyshire Kairuku D'Entrecasteaux 883, Subdistr., Maipa airstrip. — Northeast. 20 collections. —

Islands. Normanby I.: Brass 25379, Waikaiuna; 25840, Lebudowa R. — New Britain. NGF R. Kandrian — Namatanai, Danfu 21911, Subdistr., Piriloma Village. New Ireland. NGF 46090,

area, inland from Manga,4 13 S 153 E. — Schouten Islands. Biak: BW 8341a, Kg. Landbouw; Kamioraro — Aet 12036, Oregon trail; Nicolson 1568, Mokmer Airport (L). P. Jap en. & Idjan 638,

bb Serui. — Noemfoor. BW Namber. — P. W i Van (near Serui); 30363, 1070, a g e o. Royen 5405,

SE. of Kabaré on the path to Kambelé Hills.

12. Alstonia glabriflora Markgr.

A 61 al, Man. glabriflora Markgr., Bot. Jahrb. (1928) 179; Monach., Pacif Sc. 3 (1949) 167; Van Royen et For. Trees Papua & N.G. 9 (without year) 14, f. 6.

NEW GUINEA. — VogelkopPeninsula.BlV7662,_ Manokwari, Sidei. Southeast. II col-

lections. — Northeast. 20 collections. F. Markgraf: Apocynaceae 111 29

Presumed hybrid Alstonia brassii x spectabilis

whorls of or Tree up to 32 m. Leaves in 3 4, obovate-elliptic, 7—20 by 2—7 cm, glab- rather rous; lateral nerves straight, 12—15 pairs, 6—15 mm distant; petiole 0,5—1.5 cm.

Inflorescenses divaricate, peduncle none, branches I—4 cm, bearing onepleiochasium each. all Pedicels 1—2 mm, parts pubescent to tomentose. Calyx tube I—1.5 mm, lobes ovate, obtuse, either 1 by 1 mm or 1.5 by 1.2 mm, either densely tomentose outside and

inside or sparsely to densely pubescent outside, glabrous inside, and ciliate. Corolla tube

lobes either 2 mm or 4 mm, either papillose outside or glabrous with 5 pilose lines, oblong,

obtuse, glabrous, either 1,2 by 0.8 mm or 2.4—3 by 1.2 mm, their bud either obtuse or acutish. Follicles Ovary glabrous, 0.5—0.7 mm. glabrous, 400 by 4 mm. Seeds 4 by 1.5 mm, hairtufts well 10 mm. Embryo developed, cotyledons oblong, 1.5 by 0.5 mm, radicle 1.2

by 0.3 mm.

7 NEW GUINEA. Vogelkop Peninsula.BW 5688, 12336,Warsamson Valley (25 km E. ofSorong);

5783, Sidei (50 km W. of Manokwari). — P. Japan. BW 11102, Sumberbaba. — P. Waigeo. Van

SW. Puan Royen 5333, easternpeninsula, Pig R., of Kabare; 5535, Go Isthmus, between and Tofak Bay.

The characters marked 'either' refer to Van Royen 5535, the characters marked 'or' refer

Van The corolla with acutish bud be attrib- to Royen 5333, BW5783. glabrous parts may

uted to A. brassii, the hairiness of the calyx and corolla parts to A. spectabilis. Thus Van

Royen 5535 stands nearer to A. spectabilis, the others nearer to A. brassii. Both species meet in New Guinea.

EXCLUDED SPECIES

Alstonia costulata Miq., Sum. (i860) 229, 556 = Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hook./

= costulata A. eximia Miq., o.c. 229, 555 Dyera (Miq.) Hook. /

ofBot. 61 = Ochrosia ficifolia A. ficifolia Sp. Moore, J. (1923) Suppl. p. 32 (Sp. Moore) Markgr.

= costulata A. grandifolia Miq., o.c. 229, 555 Dyera (Miq.) Hook./

Fl. Mai. = A. micrantha Ridl., J. Str. Br. R. As. Soc. 79 (1918) 95; Pen. 2 (1923) 347

Chilocarpus embelioides K. & G.

A. polyphylla Miq., o.c. 229, 556 = Dyera polyphylla (Miq.) Steen.

A. sericea Bl., Bijdr. (1826) 1038 = A. neriifolia D. Don. This species is not indigenous cultivated in Malesia, seems to have been in Java, however.