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Moab in Archäologie, Bibel Und Geschichte Anhand Ausgewählter Moabitischer Ortschaften Gotthard G.G. Reinhold, ABA AB

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Moab in Archäologie, Bibel Und Geschichte Anhand Ausgewählter Moabitischer Ortschaften Gotthard G.G. Reinhold, ABA AB Moab in Archäologie, Bibel und Geschichte anhand ausgewählter 1 moabitischer Ortschaften Gotthard G.G. Reinhold, ABA ABA - Gesammelte Beiträge Nr. 5 2019 GSGBA - Collected Contributions Nu. 5 2019 Inhaltsverzeichnis: 1. Transjordanien als Durchzugsgebiet von altorientalischen Händlern und Heeren an- hand archäologischer Hinterlassenschaften : Moab in ältesten außerbiblischen und biblischen Schriftzeugnissen des 2. Jahrtausends v. Chr. 2. Zu den schriftlichen Quellen und zur Ikonographie von Hinterlassenschaften ausgewähl- ter moabitischer Ortschaften vom Übergang des 2. bis zum 1. Jahrtausend v.Chr. 2. 1 Schriftliche und ikonographische Quellen aus dem Gebiet von Ḏībān 2. 1. 1 Das frühmoabitsche Inschriftenfragment aus Ḏībān (= DF) 2. 1. 2 Der Krughenkel aus Ḏībān (= DK ) 2. 1. 3 Das Ḏībān Ostrakon (= DO) 2. 1. 4 Moabitische Siegel aus Ḏībān 2. 1. 5 Zur Meš -Stele (= MI), Tel Dan-Inschrift und den Dwd-Stellen beider Inschriften 2.1.5.1 Zur Auffindung und Rekonstruktion der Mešaʽ -Inschrift (= MI) 2.1.5.2 Einiges zur Paläographie und Datierung der Steleninschrift 2.1.5.3 Zur Transkription und Übersetzung der Mešaʽ-Inschrift nach Gotthard G.G. Reinhold und einigen Besonderheiten des Textinhaltes 1 Das Mkr. zum Landgebiet von Moab in Archäologie, Bibel und Geschichte anhand ausgewählter moabitischer Ortschaften ist im Zeitraum Monat Jan. - März 2019 entstanden. Im Monat Juli und September 2019 hat der Verfasser aufgrund weiterer Studien zu den moabitischen Inschriften der MPIA (Abschn. 2.1.5.4), der PIB ( Absch. 2.3.3) und der MRI, bzw. des MF (2.5) neues Forschungsmaterial ausgewertet und die aktuellen Ergebnisse hinzugefügt. Sämtliche Kopien von Abbildungen, die der Verfasser benutzt hat, sind in den Bildunterschriften mit genauer Herkunft bezeichnet worden und können jederzeit in der benutzten Literatur überprüft werden, während Farbfotos von den archäologischen Ausgrabungen des MPP, Jordanien, vom Verfasser oder von Mitarbeitern stammen. Im Tafelteil verweist der Verfasser bei einigen Fotos, die im Internet erschienen sind, auf ihre genaue Herkunft ! 2.1.5.4 Zu den Ortschaften der Mešaʽ-Inschrift 2.1.5.5 Zum historischen Hintergrund der Steleninschrift des Königs Mešaʽ von Moab 2.2 Ikonographishe Quellen aus dem Gebiet des Ğebel Šiḫān 2.2.1 Die Šiḫān-Stele mit Kriegerdarstellung aus Ruğm el- Abd 2.3 Schriftliche Quellen aus dem Gebiet von el-Bālūʽ 2.3.1 Zur Reliefstele von el-Bālū (= BRS) 2.3.2 Die Basaltgefäßrand-Aufschrift von el-Bālūʽ ( = BI) 2.3.3 Die Pistill-Inschrift von el-Bālū , Jordanien (= PIB ) 2.3.4 Das Siegel von el-Bālū ʽ (= BS) 2.4 Schriftliche Quellen aus dem Gebiet von el-Kerak 2.4.1 Das moabitische Inschriftenfragment aus el-Kerak (= KF) 2.4.2 Zwei moabitische Siegel aus el-Kerak 2.5 Das königlich moabitische Inschriftenfragment (MRI = MF, Israel Museum) 3. Moab in assyrischen, neu-babylonischen, post-babylonischen, biblischen und außerbiblischen Quellen 4. Zum Wechsel der Territorialverhältnisse: Moabitisches Territorium vom Süden bis zu den nördlichen Grenzgebieten Israels und Ammons 5. Zur moabitischen Königschronologie Anhang Abkürzungsverzeichnis Literaturverzeichnis Tafeln: I - XI 1. Transjordanien als Durchzugsgebiet altorientalischer Händler und Heere anhand archäologischer Hinterlassenschaften: Moab in ältesten außerbiblischen und biblischen Schriftzeugnissen Seit ältesten Zeiten war Transjordanien ein Durchzugsgebiet mit besonderen Zentren und Zwischenstationen für Händler und Kriegsheere. Archäologisch ablesbar und auch nachweis- bar ist dies anhand einer Vielzahl und Vielfalt archäologischer Hinterlassenschaften, so z.B. von Originalstücken oder Tonabdrucken von Zylinderlsiegeln aus Mesopotamien, Kleinasien, der Levante und der Ägäis oder von idealisierten Nachbildungen späterer Zeit . Dies gilt ebenso für Originale aus Ägypten, Fundstücke, wie z.B. Skarabäen, Siegelabdrucke auf Tonwaren u.a., oder für spätere Nachbildungen und Idealisierungen der Welt der Pharaonen und ihrer Götter. Oder werfen wir einen Blick auf Metallgegenstände, z.B. auf Waffen, wie Dolche, Speerspitzen u.a.. Letzte Erkenntnis über die genaue Herkunft der Fundstücke ergeben detaillierte Material-, Typen- aber auch ikonographische Analysen. Hierzu möchte der Verfasser einige wenige archäologische Fundstücke von Zylindersiegeln, Siegelabdrucken auf Tonwaren, Skarabäen, sowie einige Metalle, speziell Waffenfunde bekannter Tell-Anlagen Transjordaniens aus den nördlichen Grenzgebieten Moabs zu ehemaligen Gebieten Altisraels, und später zu Ammon herausgreifen, sicherlich Stationen und Ortschaften, wie etwa der Tell el-ʻUmeiri 2, die auch in den ältesten Listen von Toponymen (Orts- und Namenlisten) ägyptischen Pharaonen wiederkehren (a.a.O.). Besondere Beispiele für Zylindersiegel sind Funde von Tonwareabdrucken aus der Frühbronze- Zeit III (2700 - 2200 v.Chr.) , von Tell el-ʽ Umeiri , Grabungsfeld D, Square 5 K 97, Reg. No. U87D5K97.25.66.1: Reg. No. U87D5K97.25.66.1, Horn Archaeological Museum, Berrien Springs, MI, Leihgabe Walla Walla College, Washington, D.C., MPP 5, 2002, 294/295: 83. Ein weiterer Fund eines Tonware-Zylindersiegelabdruckes in Field D, Square 5K86, einem Kammerraum der MPP-Grabungen auf Tell el-ʽUmeiri, gelang dem Verfasser während der Grabungskampagne im Monat Juli 1992 (Taf. II).3 Das Fundstück Reg. No. U92B5K87.76.3 wird nach den Untersuchungen von Jürg Eggler, Larry Herr und Rhonda Root4 mit der späten Phase der FBZ III (2550 - 2200 v.Chr.) datiert, generell wie obiges Beispiel mit der FBZ III (2700 - 2200 v.Chr.). 2 Siehe hierzu Tafel I. 3 Siehe Timothy Harrison, Field D: The Lower Southern Terrace, MPP 4 2000, 95 - 154, bes. 150-151, Fig. 5.28: 9: Seal Impression, sowie MPP 5 2002, 294/295: 84. 4 Ebd.. Reg.- Nr. U92B5K87.76.3, Tell el- La Sierra University. Riverside, CA., Leihgabe ʻUmeiri, Field D, 5 K 87, Foto: Walla Walla College, Washington, D.C., MPP G.G.G. Reinhold, Juli 1992 4 2000, 150, Fig. 5.28: 9 Zwei Zylindersiegel 5 stammen aus der SBZ II A (1400 - 1300 v.Chr. oder später ), ein Exemplar von Grabungsfeld F, Square 7 M00 mit der Reg. No. 1906 von derselben Grabungsstätte: Reg. No. 1906, Jordan Archaeological Museum, J. 16687, MPP 5, 2002, 264, 265:40. und das zweite Fundstück von Grabungsfeld F, Square 7 K92, datiert SBZ II B /EZ I A (13. Jh. v. Chr.) : Reg. No. 6184 , Horn Archaeological Museum, USA, MPP 5, 2002, 284, 285:68 Zwei bekannte Siegelabdrucke auf Tonwaren ägyptischer Ikonographie der Grabungsstätte Tell el-ʽUmeiri stammen von Grabungsfeld B . 5 Ebd., 264/265: 40, sowie 284/285: 68 Der erste Siegelabdruck aus Square 7 K 81, EZ I A (1250 - 1150 v.Chr.) wird stylistisch mit der 15. Dynastie Ägyptens (1630 - 1522) verbunden. Reg. No. 5133, Jordan Archaeological Museum, J 19345, MPP 5, 2002, 274, 275: 53 Er präsentiert eine nach rechts positionierte gehende Gestalt, die am Ende des herabhängenden Armes in der rechten Hand einen runden Gegenstand hält, vielleicht ein Gefäß /Situla (?), dagegen in der linken Hand einen (Palmen- ?) -zweig oder -wedel greift, der die gesamte Oberfläche von Hand, Unter- und Oberarm bis zur Gesichtspartie ausfüllt. Während das Element unter dem rechten Arm dagegen noch als unbekannt zurückbleiben muß, ist das Design solcher Siegel gemäß obiger Provenienz und Datierung gesichert. 6 Der zweite Siegelabdruck ist auf einem “ collared rim pithos“ in Field B, Square 7 K 80, Reg. 843. entdeckt worden. (Taf. III). 7 Reg. 843, Jordan Archalogical Museum, J 1931, MPP 5, 2002, 248/16, 249/16 Das ovale Siegel besitzt auf seiner linken Seite ein Epithet ntr nfr t 3[.wy] = Perfect god, Lord of the lands , in der Mitte eine Kartusche mit dem Thronnamen Thutmosis III. Mn-ḫ-pr-rʽ und links 6 Monique D. Vincent, The Early Iron Egyptian and Egyptian-Style Objects at Tall al-ʽ Umayri, MPP 6, 2014, 442 - 457, bes. 444. 7 Siehe MPP 3 1997, 64 Fig. 4.13; MPP 5, 2002, Ebd., 248,249: 16. Speziell zum Siegelabdruck siehe bereits Donald B. Redford, The Scarab Seal Impression, MPP 2 1991, 379 ( Fig. 19.1) - 380 ( Fig. 19.2). ein schützender Uräus mit ausbreitenden Flügeln, zwischen denen sich ein šn-Ring befindet. Die Siegelimpression wird mit der 19. - 20. Dan. (1292 - 1070 v.Chr.) datiert. Hinzu zählen noch zwei Skarabäen8 : Das erste Exemplar Reg. No 6891 kommt aus Grabungsfeld B , Square 8 K 02, datiert 15. Dynb. (1630 - 1522 v.Chr.). Dargestellt sind zwei obere nach innen gewendete gegenüber sitzende Uräi, ebenso darunter, auch wenn hier dazwischen ein Falke rechts positioniert worden ist. Der zweite Skarabäus, Reg. No. 6510 aus Grabungsfeld A, Square 7 J 69, EZ I (1250/1200- 1000 v.Chr.), datiert mit der 19. - 20. Dyn. (1292 - 1075 v.Chr. , enthält eine Darstellung einer knielang bekleideten Menschen- oder falkenkopfartigen Gestalt, obwohl der Skarabäus längsseitig gebrochen ist und damit auch der andere Teil des Körpers fehlt. No. 6891, Department of Antiquities, Amman, Leihgabe Walla Walla College, Washington, D.C. MPP 5, 2002, 294, 295:82 No. 6510, La Sierra University, Riverside, CA, Leihgabe Walla Walla College, Washington, D.C., MPP 5, 2002, 286, 287:71 In diesem Zusammenhang ist auch auf ein eigens stilisiertes Ramessiden-Siegel 9 von Tell Ğalul von Grabungsfeld F Square 4, aufmerksam zu machen, von dem Robert Bates eine erste vor- läufige Übersetzung geboten hat: “Amun Re, Re der zwei Länder“ . Es wird entweder mit der Zeit Ramses III. oder IV . der 20. Dyn. datiert : 8 Ebd., 294, 295:82, sowie 286, 287: 71. Die zwei Tonware-Siegelabdrucke und Skarabäen sind auch bei Monique D. Vincent, The Iron I Egyptian and Egyptian-style Objects at Tall al-ʽ Umayri, MPP 6, 2014, 442 - 457, bes. 446, Fig. 13:4, 447, Fig. 13.5, sowie 447 Fig. 13:6 und 448 Fig. 13:7 abgedruckt. 9 Siehe Randall W. Younker, David Merling, Paul Ray, Mark Ziese, Constanze Gane, Katharine Koudele, Preliminary Report of the 2000, 2004, and 2005 Seasons at Tall Jalul, Jordan (Madaba Plains Project), AUSS 45/1 2007, 73 - 86, bes. 74, 82 Fig. 3. Ramessiden-Siegel Fund, Grabungsfeld E, Square 4, AUSS 45/1 2007, 82 Fig. 3 Schließlich möchte der Verfasser noch drei Metallfunde10 früherer Zeitperioden erwähnen, die ebenfalls - wie vorangehende Fundstücke – von Tell el-ʽUmeiri kommen.
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