2016 ASOR Program Book.Pdf

Home , Ai (Canaan), Alashiya, Amman Citadel, Archaeology of Lebanon, Aren Maeir, Ayalon River

November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

Welcome to ASOR’s 2016 Annual Meeting 2–5 History and Mission of ASOR 6–7 Meeting Highlights 7 Program-at-a-Glance 10–12 Schedule of Business Meetings, Receptions, and Events 13–15 Academic Program 18–45 Projects on Parade Poster Session 46–47

Contents Hotel and General Information 49 Members’ Meeting Agenda 50 ASOR’s Legacy Circle 50 2016 Sponsors and Exhibitors 51–56 Ten Things To Do in San Antonio 58 Looking ahead to the 2017 Annual Meeting 59

Table of Table Fiscal Year 2016 Honor Roll 60–61 Annual Fund Pledge Card 62 Excavation Grants and Fellowships Awarded 63 2015 Honors and Awards 65 ACOR Jordanian Travel Scholarships 66 2017 Annual Meeting Registration Form 67 2017 ASOR Membership Form 68 ASOR Journals 69 Institutional Members 72 ASOR Staff 73 ASOR Board of Trustees 74 ASOR Committees 75–77 Overseas Centers 78 Paper Abstracts 80–182 Poster Abstracts 182–190 Index of Sessions 191–193 Index of Presenters 194–198 Notes and Contacts 199–204 La Cantera Resort and Spa, Floor Plan 206–207

ISBN 978-0-89757-096-1 ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 1 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

Welcome from ASOR President, Susan Ackerman

Welcome to ASOR’s 2016 Annual Meeting! The Program Committee has once more done an incredible job, putting together a rich and vibrant program of sessions and posters, covering all the major regions of the Near East and wider Mediterranean from earliest times through the Islamic period. I am especially pleased that some of our newer sessions—for example, on the archaeology of the Kurdistan region of Iraq and on the archaeology of monasticism—continue to thrive, and I am also pleased that our program demonstrates more and more ASOR’s expanded geographical and cultural reach. Geographically, we will look west in the papers featured in the session “Sicily and the Levant”; to the east in the session on “New Research in Pre-Islamic Central Asia”; to the north in the session on “Archaeology of the Black Sea and the Caucasus,” and south in papers on “Archaeology of Arabia.” Chronologically, ASOR continues to expand its offerings in medieval Islamic archaeology, with a session, for example, on the “Archaeology of the Crusaders and their Neighbors.”

The program in addition features a wealth of sessions on more thematic topics: for example, “Glass in the Ancient Near East,” “Material Culture and Identities in the Eastern Mediterranean,” “The Archaeology of Feasting and Foodways,” “Senses and Sensibility in the Near East,” “Materiality of Communication,” and “Landscapes of Settlement in the Ancient Near East.” Several sessions also focus on specific sites—both recent discoveries and insights from sites such as Lachish and Sepphoris, and retrospective looks at the many decades of excavations at sites like Tel Halif and Tel Dan. A somewhat similar session will focus on reexamining the materials from the excavations at Antioch eighty years ago.

Other sessions, such as the session on “Archaeologists Engaging Global Challenges,” look forward, and, as in previous years, many of these sessions explore the promises of new technologies: GIS and remote sensing, cyber-archaeology, the use of modern photographic and digital technologies to enhance our understanding of ancient inscriptions, and isotopic investigations of ancient diet and mobility. Two sessions on “Career Options for ASOR Members” also address the commitment ASOR made in its recently adopted Strategic Plan for 2016–2020 to help our members—especially our members who are at the beginnings of their careers—negotiate the challenges of the rapidly changing environment of the academy.

On Wednesday night, our program will feature, as always, our plenary address, to be delivered this year by Sarah Parcak, Associate Professor of Anthropology and Director of the Laboratory for Global Observation at the University of Alabama, Birmingham. Dr. Parcak is a National Geographic Society Archaeology Fellow, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, and a 2013 TED Senior Fellow. In 2016, she won the $1 million TED Prize, with which she intends to develop “an online interactive citizen science platform” that will allow any computer user—after some basic training—to use satellite images to search for and monitor the status of archaeological sites. This project, and Dr. Parcak’s related work in space archaeology, will be the subject of her plenary address, “Toward a 21st Century Archaeology of the Near East: Technology, Big Data, and Citizen Science.”

Overall, our 2016 Annual Meeting promises to be packed with the best ASOR scholars have to offer. I look forward to seeing you all in San Antonio!

Susan Ackerman ASOR President

2 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

Welcome from the Executive Director, Andrew Vaughn

Welcome to our Annual Meeting in San Antonio! We are pleased to host ASOR’s 2016 Annual Meeting in a venue that “was built before Texas was Texas or the United States were united.”

A vibrant city in the heart of southwestern U.S., San Antonio dates back to five missions that were founded in the 18th century, and these missions are now identified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Our conference hotel is an AAA Four Diamond Resort located on the edge of the Texas Hill Country, an area with storybook farms and ranches dotting the countryside. For those of us who live in colder climates, I am pleased that the entire area is known for its year-round mild climate. I’m confident that this will be one of our best venues ever.

With Thanksgiving nearly upon us, there are so many individuals to whom thanks are due for giving their time to make this extraordinary program possible. This ambitious and wide-ranging meeting was overseen by one hard-working and talented committee in particular—the Annual Meeting Program Committee, led by co-chairs Geoff Emberling and Danielle Fatkin. Geoff and Danielle continue to do stellar work in their third year as co-chairs. These co-chairs, and the Program Committee members with whom they have worked, are dedicated, diligent, enthusiastic, and committed to putting together an exciting educational program of more than 450 papers and poster presentations! A full listing of all committees can be found on the ASOR Committees pages of this program book. Many thanks are also due to the session chairs and presenters who will bring the program to life.

I wish to thank several groups in particular for their generous financial support of receptions at this Annual Meeting. The Foundation for Biblical Archaeology and its director, Sheila Bishop, provided crucial financial support for student scholarships. The American Institute of Iranian Studies awarded ASOR a generous grant to provide funding for two scholars from Iran to particpate in the meeting. In addition, I would like to thank all of our exhibitors and encourage you to stop by and visit the displays. We would like to give our special thanks to this year’s Annual Meeting sponsors, ISD (Platinum), Eisenbrauns (Gold), and Brill (Bronze).

Last, but not least, I would like to extend special thanks and recognition to the ASOR staff. Their hard work and dedication throughout the year makes our Annual Meeting possible.

Please mark your calendars for our 2017 Annual Meeting, which will be held at the Westin Boston Waterfront in the Seaport District of Boston, MA from November 15–18, 2017. Please visit the meeting website at www.asor.org/am/index. html for details. We once again anticipate a record attendance and full hotel, so I encourage you to make your reservations early.

Please let me, or any member of the ASOR staff, know if there is anything we can do to make your experience in San Antonio a pleasant and rewarding one. I hope you enjoy this year’s Annual Meeting.

Andrew G. Vaughn ASOR Executive Director

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 3 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

Welcome from the Chairman of the Board of Trustees, Richard Coffman

Bienvenido. Welcome to San Antonio, the seventh largest city in the United States. As a native Texan, I am proud to welcome you to the Lone Star State for this year’s Annual Meeting.

San Antonio is one of America’s truly unique cities. From the Alamo to the Riverwalk to the museums to the restaurants to the surrounding Texas hill country, San Antonio provides an embarrassment of historic, culinary, and cultural riches.

Speaking of an embarrassment of cultural riches, we have them right here at the La Cantera Resort. This year, we once again had a record number of abstracts submitted for consideration—which means the schedule is chock full of presentations by scores of far-flung archaeologists, biblical and Islamic scholars, anthropologists, historians, conservators/curators, and other interdisciplinary specialists working in the Near Eastern and Mediterranean regions. They have discovered a lot of new stuff since we last convened, and are champing at the bit to tell us what they found and why it is important.

But there is also business to conduct. And a new strategic plan to implement. And a new logo and website to unveil. And cultural heritage to protect. While we come together to learn and reconnect, we also come together to review from where we have come, and chart our path forward.

This is an exciting and forward thinking time to be an ASOR member. The good news is that ASOR is growing, our finances are rock solid, the Annual Meeting continues its upward trajectory—in terms of quality, quantity, and prestige—and the fellowships we fund are increasing in number and amount. None of this, of course, is possible without your time and your talents. They are the cornerstones of our success. For that, I thank you.

But enough of the sentimental stuff. Go forth and enjoy the Annual Meeting in all of its glory. Learn something new. Live la vida loca. Reconnect with old friends. Introduce yourself to someone new; tell them how glad you are that they’re here. As my father, the preacher, used to say after every sermon, “it’s time to shake hands and be friendly.” It’s the Texas way, you know.

And while you do, remember to take full advantage of the amenities offered by the La Cantera Resort and its environs. It’s a great place to rest, recharge, and refocus. So … ¡Viva San Antonio! ¡Viva the Annual Meeting! And ¡Viva ASOR!

Richard Coffman Chairman of the Board

4 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

Welcome from the Co-Chairs of the Annual Meeting Program Committee, Geoff Emberling and Danielle Fatkin

Dear Colleagues,

On behalf of the Program Committee, we would like to welcome you to La Cantera Resort & Spa in San Antonio, which for these few days in November, hosts the 2016 Annual Meeting of ASOR!

Once again, we’ve had a record number of session proposals and individual paper submissions for the Annual Meeting. As the Annual Meeting continues to grow, it supports ASOR’s vision for the 21st Century, to be the “the leading organization committed to the dissemination of knowledge and understanding of the Near Eastern world.” Thanks to the energy of the Program Committee, session chairs, and ASOR staff (particularly Arlene Press, Manager of Programs and Events) for all the work and attention that goes into planning our Annual Meeting.

As in the recent past, the meeting will have four types of sessions:

ASOR-sponsored sessions are standing sessions organized by geography, chronology, and discipline to provide a framework for individually submitted papers.

Member-organized sessions are proposed by ASOR members (and approved by the Program Committee) to gather papers on a specific topic or theme for a term lasting between one and three years.

Member-organized workshops are also proposed by ASOR members, and are designed to have shorter presentations with significantly more time for discussion of focused topics.

Posters are also an excellent way to learn about the latest research results. Posters will be on display throughout the conference, but you will find authors next to their posters during the lunch break on Saturday, November 19.

There are four session blocks per day (Thursday: blocks 1–4; Friday: blocks 5–8; Saturday: blocks 9–12), and each individual session is given a letter designation (A-H).

We would also like to encourage you to be thinking ahead to the 2017 ASOR meeting in Boston, November 15-18! Proposals for member- organized sessions will be due soon after the 2016 meeting (deadline: December 15, 2016), and information can be found on the ASOR website. The Call for Papers will be announced in early January 2017 with a deadline of February 15, 2017, for paper abstract submissions. We hope to continue to gather vibrant sessions and papers that portray the broad range of innovative research being carried out by ASOR members, particularly during these times that are so troubling for the region we care so much about.

We hope that you will introduce yourselves to us in San Antonio and let us know if you have ideas for improving any aspect of the meeting.

Geoff Emberling Danielle Fatkin Co-Chairs, Program Committee

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 5 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting History of ASOR The Early Years Since the end of the 19th century, the American School of Oriental Research has been on the forefront of American research efforts in the Near East. Founded in 1900, the American School of Oriental Study and Research in Palestine had its first headquarters in a hotel room in Jerusalem. Twenty-one colleges, universities, and theological schools chartered ASOR, while three organizations (the Archaeological Institute of America, the Society for Biblical Literature, and the American Oriental Society) helped oversee its creation. By 1901, our first excavation had begun at the tombs at Sidon, and our first grant was awarded. In 1909, excavations were underway at Samaria with George Reisner at the helm. Reisner introduced his pioneering excavation and recording techniques to Palestinian archaeology, beginning systematic excavations in the region. In 1910, the School’s managing committee declared its first ten years a success. However, the outbreak of World War I in 1914 and the Ottoman Empire’s entry into the war led the director, James Montgomery, to close the school. We reopened in Jerusalem in 1919 and published the first volume of the Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research (BASOR). By the next year, William F. Albright, a fellow at the Jerusalem School, had been appointed director—a post he held for nine years. The first Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research and the second volume of BASOR were published that same year, a propitious beginning for our young school. The year 1921 marked a turning point for ASOR. We were incorporated in the United States and began to use the name The American Schools of Oriental Research. Our second center, the Baghdad School, opened in 1923. In 1925, the main buildings of the Jerusalem headquarters were completed thanks to generous gifts from James and Jane Nies. Our affiliated excavations in the Levant and Iraq continued throughout the 1920s and 1930s, including excavations at Tel Beit Mirsim and Jerash and Nelson Glueck’s surveys of Jordan. In 1938 G. Ernest Wright launched The Biblical Archaeologist (now Near Eastern Archaeology). The outbreak of World War II and rising violence in the region forced ASOR to put programs on hold again in 1939.

Mid-Century The 1940s were a time of change. The Baghdad School founded the Journal of Cuneiform Studies in 1947. The ASOR Newsletter began production in 1948, based on the private newsletters of Nelson Glueck. In that same year, the Dead Sea Scrolls were discovered and brought to ASOR, where John Trever, acting director, recognized their authenticity. We worked to photograph and publish the first scrolls in 1950. War left the Jerusalem headquarters damaged by mortars and small arms fire, and in 1949, ASOR ended up on the Jordanian side of the city—still in contact with all of Jordan but cut off from Israeli scholars and sites. During the 1950s we helped sponsor digs in several areas of the Middle East, including Kathleen Kenyon’s dig at Jericho and the excavations of Nippur. During the Suez conflict in 1956, staff were evacuated from the Jerusalem School but returned soon thereafter. By 1958, ASOR scholars were involved in the long-term dig at Sardis.

Late Century The Six-Day War in 1967 prompted the evacuation of the Jerusalem School once again. The war left the Jerusalem School under Israeli control, and the American Center of Oriental Research (ACOR) was founded in 1968 in Amman, Jordan, to allow American scholars access to other countries in the region. In 1970 the Jerusalem School was renamed the W. F. Albright Institute for Archaeological Research (AIAR), while ASOR took charge of publications and fundraising efforts in the U.S. The Baghdad School closed in 1969 due to hostility from the ruling Baath Party and became the Committee on Mesopotamian Civilization. The 1970s saw numerous ASOR-affiliated excavations taking place around the eastern Mediterranean, and from 1975 to 1979 at Carthage as well. The Cyprus American Archaeological Research Institute (CAARI) was founded in 1978 to foster research into the history of the island, particularly the Phoenicians, and to support the excavation of Idalion. In 1985, Gary Rollefson recovered an important collection of 8,000 year old plaster figurines from ‘Ain Ghazal, Jordan, one of the largest Neolithic settlements in the Near East. A desire to promote our mission in Canada led to the founding of the CASOR in 1990. Meanwhile, the first Gulf War temporarily caused ACOR to close, while AIAR and CAARI limited their work. ASOR’s central office moved to Boston University in 1996, where we remain today.

ASOR Today ASOR has three affiliated overseas research centers, 92 member institutions, and more than 1,500 individual members. We communicate news of the latest research findings through our journals, books, lectures, and annual meeting. We award dozens of fellowships for fieldwork in the eastern Mediterranean annually. Today, we continue to build on more than a century of work and follow our historic mission of promoting scholarship on and understanding of the eastern Mediterranean and Near East. ASOR is a non-profit 501(c)3, scholar-directed society including individual members and a consortium of institutions dedicated to Near Eastern archaeology. ASOR continues to be a dynamic group of professionals with an unparalleled record of success in reawakening the Middle East’s past, making unearthed antiquities speak eloquently. Learn more about the history of ASOR and American archaeology in the Near East in the ASOR Archives.

6 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas Mission of ASOR ASOR, founded in 1900, is an international organization whose mission is to initiate, encourage, and support research into, and public understanding of, the history and cultures of the Near East and wider Mediterranean, from the earliest times, by:

• Fostering original research, exploration, and archaeological fieldwork • Encouraging scholarship in the region’s languages, texts, traditions, and histories • Disseminating research results and conclusions in a timely manner, through a robust publication program, annual meeting, and other venues • Adhering to the highest ethical standards of scholarship and public discourse • Upholding the highest academic standards in interdisciplinary research and teaching • Promoting educational opportunities for undergraduates and graduates in institutions of higher education around the world • Developing engaging programs of outreach for the general public • Supporting and participating in efforts to protect, preserve, and present to the public the historic and cultural heritage of the Near East and the wider Mediterranean and to raise awareness of its degradation

MEETING HIGHLIGHTS Wednesday, November 16 Friday, November 18 7:00–8:15pm Welcome to the Annual Meeting and Plenary 12:45–2:00pm Junior Scholars’ Panel Discussion, Erin and Robert Address (La Cantera Ballroom) Darby, Presiding (La Cantera Ballroom) Sarah Parcak (University of Alabama), “Towards Navigating Beyond the Academic Job Market a 21st Century Archaeology of the Near East: 6:30–7:30pm Cyprus American Archaeological Research Institute Technology, Big Data, and Citizen Science” (CAARI) Reception (Primero Terrace) 8:30–10:00pm Welcome Reception (San Antonio Foyer and North Terrace) Saturday, November 19 10:25–10:40am ASOR Raffle Drawing (San Jose Foyer, 2nd Floor) Thursday, November 17 12:45–2:00pm Projects on Parade Poster Session, Jennifer Ramsay, 12:45–2:00pm ASOR Members’ Meeting, Susan Ackerman, Presiding (La Cantera Foyer, 2nd Floor) Presiding (La Cantera Ballroom) 12:45–2:00pm Mentoring Meeting: Speed Networking 7:00–9:00pm Dinner in Honor of Eric and Carol Meyers (Palmer Initiative on the Status of Women in ASOR, Beth Clubhouse, La Cantera Resort and Spa) Alpert Nakhai, Presiding (La Cantera Ballroom, *by invitation with ticket purchase 2nd Floor) 9:00–10:30pm Albright Institute of Archaeological Research 6:30–11:30pm Complimentary round-trip shuttles to downtown/ (AIAR) Reception (San Jose) River Walk area (depart from hotel lobby)

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 7 Excellent discounts on all titles in booth or via order! Specializing in the ancient Near East and biblical studies since 1975 ASOR 2016 San Antonio New Publications on the Archaeology of the Levant

Beer-Sheba III Tel Beth-Shemesh: A Border Community The Early Iron IIA Enclosed Settlement and the in Judah Late Iron IIA–Iron IIB Cities Renewed Excavations 1990-2000: The Iron Age by Ze’ev Herzog and Lily Singer-Avitz by Shlomo Bunimovitz and Zvi Lederman The publication of the full report of In this report, summarizing the first ten the Tel Beer-sheba Iron Age remains is years (1990–2000) of archaeological a fulfillment of a scientific dream. The work in the ongoing project of the re- excavations at Tel Beer-sheba, carried newed excavations at Tel Beth-Shemesh, out under the auspices of the Institute the authors have strived to tell anew the of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University, story of the Iron Age people of Beth- were the highlight of Yohanan Aharoni’s Shemesh as exposed and interpreted. vast research program in the Beer-sheba Using the best theoretical and method- Valley. ological tools that modern archaeology Volume I reports on the stratigraphy has made available, every effort has and architecture, volume 2 on the been made to keep in view archaeol- pottery; and volume 3 on the artifacts, ogy’s fundamental duty––to read the ecofacts, and also provides concluding studies. The three volumes are ancient people behind the decayed walls and shattered pottery vessels profusely illustrated and an essential resource for anyone interested and bring alive their lost world. Furthermore, the story of ancient in the history of Judah, the Beer-sheba Valley, the site itself, and life Beth-Shemesh has been written in a way that will enable scholars, during the Iron Age in the southern Levant. students, and other interested people to learn and understand the life of the communities living at Beth-Shemesh. ISBN: 978-1-57506-442-0; 3 vols., more than 1500 pages $289.50 ISBN: 978-1-57506-452-9; 2 vols., Pp. xvii + 774 $189.50 Tel Malhata A Central City in the Biblical Negev Sepphoris II The Clay Lamps from Ancient Sepphoris: Light Use by Itzhaq Beit-Arieh and Liora Freud and Regional Interactions

This excavation report presents the by Eric C. Lapp results of nine seasons of excavations— two by the first expedition and seven by Sepphoris was an important Galilean site the second. Tel Malhata is an elliptical- from Hellenistic to early Islamic times. shaped mound located in the eastern This multicultural city is described by sector of the Arad-Beersheba Valley Flavius Josephus as the “ornament of all and spreads across some 18 dunams. Galilee.” The Duke University excava- Tel Malhata is generally identified with tions of the 1980s and 1990s uncovered biblical Moladah, one of the cities of a large corpus of clay oil lamps in the do- Judah, although other identifications mestic area of the western summit, and have been suggested. The two-volume this volume presents these vessels. Richly report consists of 22 chapters that take illustrated with photos and drawings, the reader through six strata of civilization, ranging from the Middle it describes the various shape-types and Bronze Age to the early Byzantine period. includes a detailed catalog of 219 lamps. ISBN: 978-1-57506-293-8; 2 vols., Pp. xii + 486 + 292 $179.50 ISBN: 978-1-57506-404-8; Pp. xvii + 260 $79.50

More Publications Available and in Preparation Tel Miqne-Ekron Field IV Lower—The Elite Zone, The Iron Age I and IIC, The Early and Late Philistine Cities Volume 9/1: The Iron Age I Early Philistine City; and Volume 9/3B: The Iron Age I and IIC Early and Late Philistine Cities Plans and Sections by Trude Dothan, Yosef Garfinkel, and Seymour Gitin. set ISBN 978-1-57506-956-2; Published for the Harvard Semitic Museum $189.50 Ramat Rahel III: Final Publication of Aharoni’s Excavations at Ramat Rahel (1954, 1959–1962) by Oded Lipschits, Yuval Gadot, and Liora Freud. set ISBN 978-1-57506-490-1; 2-volume set. $189.50

POB 275, Winona Lake, IN 46590-0275 • Phone: 574.269.2011 • Fax: 574.269.6788 E-mail: [email protected] www.eisenbrauns.com Excellent discounts on all titles in booth or via order! Specializing in the ancient Near East and biblical studies since 1975 ASOR 2016 San Antonio New Publications on Levantine History and Culture

The Land before the Kingdom of Israel Reconstructing Jerusalem A History of the Southern Levant and Persian Period Prophetic Perspectives the People Who Populated It by Kenneth A. Ristau by Brendon C. Benz In this book, Ristau takes readers back to History, Archaeology, and Culture of the Levant 7 a pivotal moment in its history when it lay Based on several core traditions that domi- ruined and abandoned and the glory of its nate the biblical narrative, Israel is widely ancient kings, David and Solomon, had regarded as having been set apart from faded. Why did this city not share the same among the nations, representing a unique fate as so many other conquered cities, de- sociopolitical entity in the ancient world. In stroyed and forever abandoned, never to be this book, Benz contributes an original re- rebuilt? Through texts and artifacts, includ- construction of the sociopolitical landscape ing a unique, comprehensive investigation of the Late Bronze Age Levant that exposes of the archaeological evidence, a startling points of continuity between the polities story emerges: the visions of a small group and populations that inhabited the land and of prophets not only inspired the rebuilding those that were later identified with Israel, of a desolate city but also of a dispersed people. demonstrating that a contingent of the early ISBN: 978-1-57506-408-6; Pp. xii + 243 + 8 color maps $64.50 Israelites was heir to the social and political structures of their Late Bronze Age Levantine predecessors. “Did I Not Bring Israel Out of Egypt?” ISBN: 978-1-57506-427-7; Pp. xiv + 495 $69.50 Biblical, Archaeological, and Egyptological Perspectives on the Exodus Narratives Fishers of Fish and Fishers of Men Fishing Imagery in the Hebrew Bible and edited by J. K. Hoffmeier, A. R. Millard, and G. A. Rendsburg Bulletin for Biblical Research Supplement 13 the Ancient Near East The Hebrew Scriptures consider the exodus by Tyler R. Yoder from Egypt to be Israel’s formative and Explorations in Ancient Near Eastern Civilizations 4 foundational event. Indeed, the Bible offers Examining the use of fishing images in no other explanation for Israel’s origin as a the Hebrew Bible is a formidable task that people. It is also true that no contemporary demands an open mind and a capacity record regarding a man named Moses or the to mine the gamut of contemporaneous Israelites generally, either living in or leaving evidence. In this book, Tyler Yoder presents Egypt has been found. Hence, many biblical the first literary study devoted to the fish- scholars and archaeologists take a skeptical ing images used in the Hebrew Scriptures attitude, dismissing the exodus from the as well as in the Mesopotamian textual realm of history. However, the contributors records. This calls for a penetrating look to this volume are convinced that there is an into cultural contact with Israel’s neighbors alternative approach. Using textual and archaeological materials from to the east (Mesopotamia) and southwest the ANE in a comparative way, the contributors maintain that the (Egypt). A ground-breaking study that will reports in the Hebrew Bible should not be cavalierly dismissed but, be useful to students and scholars of both the Bible and the ANE. rather, should be deemed to contain authentic memories. ISBN: 978-1-57506-458-1; Pp. xx + 220 $54.50 ISBN: 978-1-57506-429-1; Pp. xv + 333 $59.50

More Publications Available and in Preparation Textbook of Aramaic Ostraca from Idumea, volume 2: Dossiers 11-50: 265 Commodity Chits by Bezalel Porten and Ada Yardeni. ISBN 978-1-57506-345-4. Pp. xlvi + 326; full color. $119.50 The Shephelah during the Iron Age: Recent Archaeological Studies edited by Oded Lipschits and Aren Maeir. ISBN 978-1-57506-486-4; Pp. ca. 250; color. $49.50

POB 275, Winona Lake, IN 46590-0275 • Phone: 574.269.2011 • Fax: 574.269.6788 E-mail: [email protected] www.eisenbrauns.com American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting Program-at-a-Glance WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 16

7:00–8:15 PM Plenary Address: Sarah Parcak La Cantera Ballroom

8:30–10:00 PM Opening Reception San Antonio Foyer THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 17 1A Encoding Data for Digital Collaboration San Antonio Ballroom A 1B Archaeology of Anatolia I San Antonio Ballroom B 1C Archaeology of Egypt I San Antonio Ballroom C 1D Archaeology of Israel I San Antonio Ballroom D&E 1E Cultural Heritage Management: Methods, Practices, and Case Studies San Antonio Ballroom F 1F Archaeology of the Near East: Classical Periods I San Antonio Ballroom G 8:20–10:25 AM 8:20–10:25

MORNING SESSIONS MORNING 1G Material Culture and Identities in the Eastern Mediterranean I San Antonio Ballroom H 1H Art Historical Approaches to the Ancient Near East I San Antonio Ballroom I

2A Object, Text, and Image: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Seals, Sealing Practices, San Antonio Ballroom A and Administration I 2B Archaeology of Anatolia II San Antonio Ballroom B 2C Archaeology of Egypt II San Antonio Ballroom C 2D Tandy Institute for Archaeology: A Decade of Research San Antonio Ballroom D&E 2E History of Archaeology San Antonio Ballroom F 2F Forty Years of Tell Halif San Antonio Ballroom G 10:40 AM–12:45 PM AM–12:45 10:40 2G Material Culture and Identities in the Eastern Mediterranean II San Antonio Ballroom H MID-MORNING SESSIONS MID-MORNING 2H Archaeology of the Byzantine Near East San Antonio Ballroom I

12:45–2:00 PM ASOR Members’ Meeting La Cantera Ballroom

3A Landscapes of Settlement in the Ancient Near East I San Antonio Ballroom A 3B Levantine Ceramics Project (Workshop) San Antonio Ballroom B 3C Archaeology of Egypt III San Antonio Ballroom C 3D Archaeology of the Near East: Bronze and Iron Ages I San Antonio Ballroom D&E 3E The Fourth Expedition to Lachish, 2013–2016: A Report on the First Four Seasons I San Antonio Ballroom F

2:00–4:05 PM 2:00–4:05 3F Archaeology of Islamic Society San Antonio Ballroom G 3G Material Culture and Identities in the Eastern Mediterranean III San Antonio Ballroom H AFTERNOON SESSIONS AFTERNOON 3H Ancient Inscriptions I San Antonio Ballroom I

4A Landscapes of Settlement in the Ancient Near East II San Antonio Ballroom A 4B Archaeology of the Black Sea and the Caucasus San Antonio Ballroom B 4C Sicily and the Levant San Antonio Ballroom C 4D Archaeology of the Near East: Bronze and Iron Ages II San Antonio Ballroom D&E 4E The Fourth Expedition to Lachish, 2013–2016: A Report on the First Four Seasons II San Antonio Ballroom F SESSIONS

4:20–6:25 PM 4:20–6:25 4F Archaeology of the Near East: Classical Periods II San Antonio Ballroom G

LATE AFTERNOON AFTERNOON LATE 4G Archaeology of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq I San Antonio Ballroom H 4H Ancient Inscriptions II San Antonio Ballroom I

10 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 18

5A Archaeology of Arabia I San Antonio Ballroom A 5B Materiality of Communication I San Antonio Ballroom B 5C Archaeology of Israel II: The 2011–2016 Excavations at Huqoq San Antonio Ballroom C 5D Archaeology and Biblical Studies I San Antonio Ballroom D&E 5E Archaeologists Engaging Global Challenges San Antonio Ballroom F

8:20–10:25 AM 8:20–10:25 5F Archaeology of Cyprus I San Antonio Ballroom G

MORNING SESSIONS MORNING 5G Archaeology of Jordan I San Antonio Ballroom H 5H Senses and Sensibility in the Near East I San Antonio Ballroom I

6A Object Biography for Archaeologists III: A Multivocal Narrative (Workshop) San Antonio Ballroom A 6B The Archaeology of Feasting and Foodways San Antonio Ballroom B 6C Reports on Current Excavations - Non-ASOR Affiliated San Antonio Ballroom C 6D Archaeology and Biblical Studies II: Critical Reviews of Beyond the Texts, A New San Antonio Ballroom D&E Volume by William G. Dever 6E Archaeology of the Southern Levant San Antonio Ballroom F 6F Yerushalayim, Al Quds, Jerusalem: Recent Developments and Dilemmas in the San Antonio Ballroom G Archaeological and Historical Studies from the Bronze Age to Medieval Periods I 10:40 AM–12:45 PM AM–12:45 10:40 6G Archaeology of Jordan II: Ritual Practices in Ancient Jordan San Antonio Ballroom H MID-MORNING SESSIONS MID-MORNING 6H Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Study of Dress and the Body: San Antonio Ballroom I Dress and Gender Identity

12:45–2:00 PM Junior Scholars’ Panel Discussion La Cantera Ballroom

7A Career Options for ASOR Members: The Academy and Beyond I San Antonio Ballroom A 7B Maritime Archaeology San Antonio Ballroom B 7C Archaeology of Iran I San Antonio Ballroom C 7D The Iron Age I in the Levant: A View from the North San Antonio Ballroom D&E 7E Object, Text, and Image: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Seals, Sealing Practices, and San Antonio Ballroom F Administration II

2:00–4:05 PM 2:00–4:05 7F Yerushalayim, Al-Quds, and Jerusalem: Recent Developments and Dilemmas in the San Antonio Ballroom G Archaeological and Historical Studies from the Bronze Age to Medieval Periods II

AFTERNOON SESSIONS AFTERNOON 7G Archaeology of Jordan III: Material Culture of Southern Jordan San Antonio Ballroom H 7H Art Historical Approaches to the Ancient Near East II San Antonio Ballroom I

8A Career Options for ASOR Members: The Academy and Beyond II San Antonio Ballroom A 8B Bioarchaeology of the Near East I San Antonio Ballroom B 8C Archaeology of Iran II San Antonio Ballroom C 8D Recent Discoveries from the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon San Antonio Ballroom D&E 8E Object, Text, and Image: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Seals, Sealing Practices, and San Antonio Ballroom F Administration III SESSIONS 4:20–6:25 PM 4:20–6:25 8F GIS and Remote Sensing in Archaeology San Antonio Ballroom G LATE AFTERNOON AFTERNOON LATE 8G Archaeology of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq II San Antonio Ballroom H 8H Archaeology of Lebanon San Antonio Ballroom I

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 11 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 19

9A Methods of Historiography in the Study of Israel and the Levant—Joint Session with San Antonio Ballroom A SBL 9B Bioarchaeology of the Near East II San Antonio Ballroom B 9C Israel’s Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective San Antonio Ballroom C 9D Glass in the Ancient Near East San Antonio Ballroom D&E 9E Ancient Texts and Modern Photographic and Digital Technologies San Antonio Ballroom F

8:20–10:25 AM 8:20–10:25 9F Archaeology of Cyprus II San Antonio Ballroom G MORNING SESSIONS MORNING 9G Antioch – A Legacy Excavation and Its Afterlife San Antonio Ballroom H 9H Prehistoric Archaeology San Antonio Ballroom I

10A Archaeology of Arabia II San Antonio Ballroom A 10B Archaeology of Mesopotamia San Antonio Ballroom B 10C Archaeology of Monasticism San Antonio Ballroom C 10D New Research in Pre-Islamic Central Asia San Antonio Ballroom D&E 10E Archaeology of the Natural Environment: Archaeobotany and Zooarchaeology in the San Antonio Ballroom F Near East 10F Technology in Archaeology: Recent Work in the Archaeological Sciences San Antonio Ballroom G 10:40 AM–12:45 PM AM–12:45 10:40 10G Senses and Sensibility in the Near East II San Antonio Ballroom H MID-MORNING SESSIONS MID-MORNING 10H Theoretical and Anthropological Approaches to Archaeology I San Antonio Ballroom I

Projects on Parade – Poster Session La Cantera Foyer 12:45–2:00 PM Initiative on the Status of Women in ASOR’s Mentoring Meeting: Speed Networking La Cantera Ballroom

11A Locating Mesopotamian Civilization in Highland-Lowland Encounters San Antonio Ballroom A 11B Materiality of Communication II San Antonio Ballroom B 11C New Light on Persian Period Judah: The Archaeological Perspective San Antonio Ballroom C 11D New Insights into the History of Sepphoris from the Sepphoris Regional Project San Antonio Ballroom D&E 11E Archaeology of the Crusaders and Their Neighbors San Antonio Ballroom F 11F Developing Isotopic Investigations in the Near East and Caucasus I: Environment, San Antonio Ballroom G

2:00–4:05 PM 2:00–4:05 Diet, and Mobility 11G The Middle Bronze Age in the Southern Levant Revisited: Chronology and San Antonio Ballroom H AFTERNOON SESSIONS AFTERNOON Connections I 11H Theoretical and Anthropological Approaches to Archaeology II San Antonio Ballroom I

12A Cyber-Archaeology in the Middle East Today San Antonio Ballroom A 12B The Tel Dan Excavations at Fifty San Antonio Ballroom B 12C New Light on Old Collections San Antonio Ballroom C 12D Gender in the Ancient Near East San Antonio Ballroom D&E 12F Reports on Current Excavations - ASOR Affiliated San Antonio Ballroom G SESSIONS 4:20–6:25 PM 4:20–6:25 12G The Middle Bronze Age in the Southern Levant Revisited: Chronology and San Antonio Ballroom H

LATE AFTERNOON AFTERNOON LATE Connections II 12H Theoretical and Anthropological Approaches to Archaeology III San Antonio Ballroom I

12 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 Business Meetings and Special Events

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 16

1:00–2:50pm Madaba Plains Project-‘Umayri Workshop, Douglas R. Clark and Kent V. Bramlett, Presiding (San Augustin A)

3:00–4:50pm Madaba Regional Archaeological Museum Project (MRAMP), Douglas R. Clark, Presiding (San Augustin A)

3:30–5:00pm Administrative Oversight Committee, Susan Ackerman, Presiding (ASOR Suite, Room 5281)

5:30–6:30pm Session Chairs Social (Primero Terrace)

7:00–8:15pm Welcome to the Annual Meeting and Plenary Address (La Cantera Ballroom)

8:30–10:00pm Welcome Reception (San Jose and North Terrace)

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 17

7:00–8:15am Bulletin of ASOR Editorial Board, Eric Cline and Christopher Rollston, Presiding (San Miguel A)

7:00–8:15am Near Eastern Archaeology Editorial Discussion (San Miguel B)

7:00–8:15am Consultation of Dig Directors in Jordan, Bethany Walker, Presiding (San Jose)

8:30–10:00am ASOR Committee on Publications (COP), Charles Jones, Presiding (San Augustin A)

10:30am–12:30pm Ad Hoc ASOR Annual Meeting Committee, Gary Arbino, Presiding (San Miguel A)

10:40am–12:45pm Cultural Heritage Committee, Sturt Manning, Presiding (San Miguel B)

12:45–2:00pm ASOR Members’ Meeting, Susan Ackerman, Presiding (La Cantera Ballroom)

2:30–5:30pm ASOR Committee on Archaeological Research and Policy (CAP), Thomas E. Levy, Presiding (San Augustin A)

3:00–5:00pm AIAR Executive Committee, Sharon Herbert, Presiding (San Miguel A)

4:15–5:30pm Madaba Plains Project Staff Consultation, Larry Geraty, Presiding (San Miguel B)

5:00–6:30pm AIAR Development Committee, Sharon Herbert, Presiding (San Miguel A)

5:30–6:30pm CAP Affiliated ASOR Dig Directors’ Reception *by invitation (ASOR Suite, Room 5281)

7:00–9:30pm Dinner in Honor of Eric and Carol Meyers *by invitation (Palmer Clubhouse, Shuttles from Lobby)

9:00–10:30pm AIAR Reception (San Jose)

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 13 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 18

7:00–8:15am ASOR Program Committee, Geoff Emberling and Danielle Fatkin, Presiding (San Lorenzo)

7:15–8:15am Open House Meeting of the Initiative on the Status of Women, Beth Alpert Nakhai, Presiding (San Miguel)

7:15–9:30am ASOR Membership and Outreach Committee, Randy Younker, Presiding (San Miguel B)

7:30–10:00am AIAR Fellowship Committee, Joan Branham, Presiding (San Juan B)

8:30–9:30am ASOR Honors and Awards Committee, Laura Mazow, Presiding (San Lorenzo)

9:30–11:30am ASOR Policy on Professional Conduct Committee, Timothy Harrison, Presiding (San Lorenzo)

10:00–1:00pm AIAR Board of Trustees, Sidnie White Crawford, Presiding (San Augustin)

12:45–2:00pm ASOR Baghdad Committee, Steven Garfinkle, Presiding

12:45–2:00pm Junior Scholars’ Panel Discussion, Erin and Robert Darby, Presiding (La Cantera Ballroom)

2:00–3:00pm ASOR Damascus Committee, Jesse J. Casana, Presiding (San Miguel B)

2:00–3:00pm Tel Gezer Excavation Consortium and Staff Consultation, Steve Ortiz and Sam Wolff, Presiding (San Miguel A)

3:30–5:00pm Development Committee Meeting, J. Edward Wright, Presiding (ASOR Suite, Room 5281)

4:15–6:15pm CAARI Executive Committee, Bryan Wilkins, Presiding (San Miguel)

6:30–7:30pm CAARI Reception (Primero Terrace)

7:00–9:30pm Legacy Circle and Friends Dinner *by invitation (La Sierra Room, SweetFire Kitchen)

SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 19

8:00–9:30am ACOR Executive Committee Meeting, Randolph B. Old, Presiding (San Juan)

8:15–11:15am Chairs Coordinating Council (CCC), Sharon Herbert, Presiding (San Miguel A)

9:30–11:00am CAARI Development Committee Meeting, Annemarie Carr, Presiding (San Miguel B)

9:45am–1:45pm ACOR Board of Trustees Meeting, Randolph B. Old, Presiding (San Juan)

10:45am–12:45pm ASOR Canada (CASOR), Debra Foran, Presiding (San Lorenzo)

11:30–12:30pm ASOR Finance Committee, Christopher White, Presiding (ASOR Suite, Room 5281)

12:45–2:00pm Projects on Parade Poster Session, Jennifer Ramsay, Presiding (La Cantera Foyer)

12:45–2:00pm Mentoring Meeting: Initiative on the Status of Women in ASOR, Beth Alpert Nakhai, Presiding (La Cantera Ballroom)

1:00–6:00pm CAARI Board of Trustees Meeting, Bryan Wilkins, Presiding (San Miguel A)

14 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

2:00–5:00pm ASOR Executive Committee Meeting, Richard Coffman, Presiding (San Juan)

3:00–5:00pm Tell el-Hesi Board and Publications Committee, Jeffrey A. Blakely, Presiding (San Lorenzo)

4:00–7:30pm AIAR NEH Committee Meeting, Joan Branham, Presiding (San Augustin)

6:30–11:30pm Complimentary round-trip shuttles to downtown/River Walk area (depart from main lobby)

SUNDAY, NOVEMBER 20

8:30am–12:30pm ASOR Board of Trustees Meeting, Richard Coffman, Presiding (La Cantera Ballroom)

ASOR-Flyer-8X5-PRINT.pdf 1 8/15/16 1:15 PM

The SAN ANTONIO MUSEUM of ART Welcomes ASOR attendees

Home of the largest collection of ancient Egyptian, Near Eastern, C

M Greek and Roman art in Texas.

CM Mention ASOR and receive $2 o admission.

CMY Museum Hours:

K Wed, Thurs, Sat, Sun: Tuesday and Friday: 10 a.m.–5 p.m. 10 a.m.–9 p.m.

Statuette of Aphrodite, Roman, 1st-3rd century, Bronze, h. 12 1/2 in.; w. 6 3/4 in., Purchased with the Grace Fortner Rider Fund, 2013.3 Photography by Peggy Tenison

200 West Jones Ave. | San Antonio, TX 78215 | samuseum.org

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 15 New Titles available from New Titles available from

The Five-Minute Archaeologist in the Southern Levant Ancient Cookware The Luwian Civilization from the Levant The Missing Link edited by Cynthia Shafer-Elliott An Ethnoarchaeological Perspective in the Aegean Bronze Age The Five-Minute Archaeologist in the Southern Levant is a user-friendly exploration of basic concepts by Gloria London by Eberhard Zangger within archaeology and the techniques and methods used by archaeologists in the field. It is intended Ancient clay cooking pots in the southern Contents: 1. Prologue 2. A New Perspective for students and lay readers alike, such as those participating in community archaeology for the Levant are unappealing, rough pots that of the Aegean Bronze Age 3. The Luwians first time, and would be an excellent reader for introductory level courses on the archaeology of the are not easily connected to meals known 4. Bronze Age 5. Troy 6. The Sea Peoples from ancient writings or iconographic 7. Iron Age 8. Sources 9. Luwian Studies and Southern Levant. Topics range from basic questions such as ‘how do archaeologists choose where to representations. To narrow the gap its Goals 10. Epilogue 11. Appendices. dig?’ to surveys of archaeological concepts and types of archaeology, written by specialists in those between excavated sherds and ancient 292p, col figs (Ege Yayınları, May 2016) particular fields. Chapters are informal and relaxed – more like a chat or discussion that will help to meals, the approach adopted in this study paperback, 9786059680110, $44.00 answer some of the basic questions that archaeologists are often asked. starts by learning how food traditionally 288p (Equinox Publishing, September 2016) paperback, 9781781792421, $20.95 was processed, preserved, cooked, stored, and transported in clay containers. This research is based on the cookware and culinary practices in traditional societies in Medieval and Post-Medieval Cyprus and the Levant, where people still make pots by hand. Ancient Cookware Ceramics in the Eastern Contributions by from the Levant begins with a description of five data sources: excavations, ancient Mediterranean — Fact and Fiction and medieval texts, 20th century government reports, early accounts of potters, Elizabeth R. Arnold, Seung Ho Bang, Piotr Bienkowski, Oded Borowski, Aaron Brody, Merilyn Copland, Proceedings of the First International Sarah Kielt Costello, Erin Darby, Michael Dee, Helen Dixon, Jennie Ebeling, Tim Frank, Deirdre N. Fulton, and ethnoarchaeological studies. The final section focuses on the shape, style, and manufacture of cookware for the past 12,000 years. Conference on Byzantine and Ottoman Jonathan S. Greer, Shira Gur-Arieh, Jill Citron Katz, Rafael Y. Lewis, Rona Avissar Lewis, Brita Lorentzen, 334p, 68 figs, 2 maps (Equinox Publishing, September 2016, Worlds of the Ancient Near Archaeology, Amsterdam, 21–23 Aren Maeir, Edward F. Maher, Amihai Mazar, Chris McKinny, Leann Pace, Nava Panitz-Cohen, Cynthia East and Mediterranean) hardcover, 9781781791998, $150.00 October 2011 Shafer-Elliott, Itzhaq Shai, Joe Uziel, Eric Welch, Laura Wright, and Naama Yahalom-Mack edited by Joanita Vroom The focus in this varied collection of studies A History of Biblical Israel by key scholars in the field is on the material The Fate of the Tribes and Kingdoms culture (especially ceramics) of the eastern Part 1: Basics Part 3: Types of Archaeology from Merenptah to Bar Kochba Mediterranean during Medieval and Post- 1. What is archaeology? 2. How does archaeology help us understand the past? 35. What is Processual Archaeology? 36. What is Post-Processual by Axel Knauf and Philippe Guillaume Medieval times. The scope of the contributions encompasses archaeological remains of the Byzantine Empire, the Islamic World, the Crusader States, the Republic of 3. What do tells tell us? 4. Who pays for all this? 5. Do archaeologists just dig, or is Archaeology? 37. What is EthnoArchaeology? 38. What is A History of Biblical Israel combines experience Venice and the Ottoman Empire. The volume offers a state of the art of an often still there a plan? 6. How are sites chosen? 7. Who decides who can dig and where? 8. Why Experimental Archaeology? 39. What is Household Archaeology? gained through decades of teaching biblical hardly known territory in archaeology. not dig the whole site? 9. What is a survey and why use it? 10. Why leave balks around 40. What is Gender Archaeology? 41. How do you identify exegesis and courses on the history of ancient 400p, illus (Brepols Publishers, February 2016, Medieval and Post-Medieval squares? 11. What is a locus? 12. What is a phase and a stratum? 13. Are there rules for children in the archaeological record? 42. What is Funerary Israel, and of on-going involvement in biblical Mediterranean Archaeology 1) paperback, 9782503565125, $124.00 excavating or special techniques? 14. How are measurements taken and why? Archaeology? 43. How do you define cultic context? 44. How do archaeology. ‘Biblical Israel’ is understood as 15. Why sift and how often? 16. How do you know what things to record? 17. What if you define ethnicity? 45. What can we learn from the ancient a narrative produced primarily in the province an animal got there first? environment? 46. What is Landscape Archaeology? 47. What is of Yehud to forge the collective memory of the State Formation and State Decline in the Near and Middle East elite that operated the temple of Jerusalem MicroArchaeology? 48. What do we learn from animal bones? edited by Rainer Kessler, Walter Sommerfeld and Leslie Tramontini Part 2: Artifacts, Architecture, and Dating 49. Why study garbage? 50. What is ArchaeoMetallurgy? under the auspices of the Achaemenid imperial apparatus. The notion of ‘Biblical Israel’ provides the necessary hindsight to narrate the fate of the kingdoms of The Near and Middle East is one of the regions in which the earliest state formations 18. What is an artifact? 19. How do you identify an artifact and how it was used? Israel and Judah as the pre-history of ‘Biblical Israel’, since the archives of these of humanity took place. Its 5,000 years of history provide many examples of the 20. What can pottery tell us? 21. What do we Learn from Whole or Broken Pots? Part 4: Ethical Issues kingdoms were only mined in the Persian era to produce the grand biblical narrative. formation, the continuity, and the decline of states. History carries its consequences 22. What Is primary vs. secondary use? 23. How is pottery processed during/after the 51. What is kept and what is not, and why? 52. Who owns the The volume covers the history of ‘Biblical Israel’ through its fragmentation in the into the present, and current zones of conflict cannot be understood without an excavation? 24. How can 3D imaging help? 25. How do you spot mudbrick walls? artifacts found? 53. How do artifacts end up in museums? Hellenistic and Roman periods until 136 CE, when four Roman legions crushed the in-depth understanding of its historical roots. This volume provides a broad overview 26. How do you identify dirt floors? 27. How do you identify dirt roads? 28. How do you 54. How much looting takes place during or after a dig? 55. How is revolt of Simeon Bar-Kosiba. of the Middle East’s diverse history and development. While not aiming at explaining date things? 29. What is absolute or relative about dating? 30. Where’s the science in all archaeology used to support nationalism? 56. It is ethical to dig in 288p (Equinox Publishing, September 2016, Worlds of the Ancient Near East and the manifold reasons for the region’s current fragility, the contributions focus on the this? 31. What is carbon dating? 32. Can Bayesian statistics help pinpoint dating? contested areas? Mediterranean) paperback, 9781781791424, $29.95; hardcover, 9781781791417, material prerequisites, the social, political, and cultural factors that influence the formation, consolidation, or decline of states. 33. What Is Dendrochronology? 34. What happens to all the data? $100.00 200p (Harrassowitz Verlag, July 2016) paperback, 9783447105651, $65.00

70 Enterprise Drive, Suite 2 • Bristol, CT 06010, USA 70 Enterprise Drive, Suite 2 • Bristol, CT 06010, USA Distributor of phone: (+1) 860 584 6546 • fax: (+1) 860 516 4873 Distributor of phone: (+1) 860 584 6546 • fax: (+1) 860 516 4873 Scholarly Books www.isdistribution.com • [email protected] Scholarly Books www.isdistribution.com • [email protected] New Titles available from New Titles available from

70 Enterprise Drive, Suite 2 • Bristol, CT 06010, USA 70 Enterprise Drive, Suite 2 • Bristol, CT 06010, USA Distributor of phone: (+1) 860 584 6546 • fax: (+1) 860 516 4873 Distributor of phone: (+1) 860 584 6546 • fax: (+1) 860 516 4873 Scholarly Books www.isdistribution.com • [email protected] Scholarly Books www.isdistribution.com • [email protected] American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting Academic Program* 2016 ASOR Annual Meeting

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 16 9:05 Shannon Martino (School of the Art Institute, Chicago), “A Quantitative Method for the Creation of Typologies 7:00–8:15pm for Qualitatively Described Objects: A Case Study of Prehistoric Figurines from Anatolia and Southeastern Europe” (15 min.) Plenary Address La Cantera Ballroom 9:25 Darren Joblonkay (University of Toronto), “Association Mining Algorithms for Elucidating Community-Based Sarah Parcak (University of Alabama at Birmingham), “Toward a Practices in the Ancient Near East: A View from Tell 21st-Century Archaeology of the Near East: Technology, Big Data, Mastuma, Syria” (15 min.) and Citizen Science” 9:45 Émilie Pagé-Perron (University of Toronto), “Data Mining Cuneiform Corpora: Get Relational” (15 min.) 8:30–10:00pm 10:05 Terhi Nurmikko-Fuller (Australian National University), “Publishing Sumerian Literature on the Semantic Web” (15 Welcome Reception min.) San Jose and North Terrace 1B Archaeology of Anatolia I San Antonio Ballroom B THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 17 Theme: This session focuses on current archaeological research in 8:20–10:25AM Anatolia and presents the results of excavations and surveys.

CHAIR: Levent Atici (University of Nevada, Las Vegas), Presiding 1A Encoding Data for Digital Collaboration San Antonio Ballroom A PRESENTERS:

Theme: Data encoding entails analog-to-digital conversions in which 8:20 Introduction (5 min.) the characteristics of an object, text, or archaeological site can be 8:25 Arkadiusz Marciniak (University of Poznan), “The Late formatted for computer-based analyses and digital collaborations. This Neolithic Çatalhöyük: After 15 years of Excavations” (15 session showcases methodologies and collaborative research that utilize min.) encoded data to reveal information about the ancient Near East that is imperceptible through traditional techniques. 8:45 Barbara Horejs (Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology & Austrian Academy of Sciences), “The Way CHAIRS: Amy Gansell (St. John’s University) and Vanessa Juloux to Regional Identities in Neolithic Western Anatolia” (15 (École Pratique des Hautes Études), Presiding min.) PRESENTERS: 9:05 Levent Atici (University of Nevada, Las Vegas), “Emergence 8:20 Introduction (5 min.) and Development of Early Agropastoral Economy on an Island Setting: New Insights from Uğurlu Höyük, Gökçeada, 8:25 Alessandro Di Ludovico (Sapienza Università di Roma), Turkey” (15 min.) “For a Critical Debate about the Use of Quantitative Methods in Western Asiatic Studies: Approaches, Concrete 9:25 Suzanne E. Pilaar Birch (University of Georgia), Targets, and Proposals” (15 min.) “Neolithization of Europe: Integrating Zooarchaeological and Stable Isotope Evidence from Uğurlu Höyük, Gökçeada, 8:45 Sveta Matskevich (University of Haifa),“A Conceptual Turkey” (15 min.) Framework for Archaeological Data Encoding” (15 min.)

* Only the presenting author is listed on the academic schedule. For a list of all authors, please refer to the paper abstracts starting on page 80.

18 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

9:45 Christoph Schwall (Institute for Oriental and European 9:25 Oded Lipschits (Tel Aviv University), “Azekah after Five Archaeology & Austrian Academy of Sciences), Seasons of Excavations: Fresh Results and their Historical “Interweaving Contacts? Evidence of Intensifying Implications” (15 min.) Connectivity during the Middle and Late Chalcolithic Period in Western Anatolia” (15 min.) 9:45 Aren Maeir (Bar-Ilan University), “Excavation Results at Tell es-Safi/Gath and their Implications: An Update for the 10:05 Ralf Vandam (Koç University), “Exploring the Late 2015 and 2016 Seasons” (15 min.) Prehistoric (8000–2000 B.C.) Remains in the Western Taurus Mountains, Southwestern Turkey: The First Results 10:05 Robert Mullins (Azusa Pacific University), “Results of the of the Dereköy Archaeological Survey Project” (15 min.) Fourth Season of Excavations at Tel Abel Beth Maacah” (15 min.)

1C Archaeology of Egypt I

San Antonio Ballroom C 1E Cultural Heritage Management: Methods, SESSIONS | MORNING THURSDAY Practices, and Case Studies Theme: “Sea Peoples, Philistines and Egypt” San Antonio Ballroom F

CHAIR: Gregory D. Mumford (University of Alabama, Birmingham), Theme: This session focuses on cultural heritage management theory Presiding and method, including practices and case studies at sites throughout the Near East. PRESENTERS: CHAIRS: Glenn Corbett (American Center of Oriental Research- 8:20 Donald B. Redford (Penn State University), “The Medinet ACOR), and Suzanne Davis (Kelsey Museum of Archaeology, Habu Records of the Foreign Wars of Ramesses III” (20 University of Michigan), Presiding min.) PRESENTERS: 8:45 Dan'el Kahn (University of Haifa), “Ramesses III’s Northern Wars against Palestine and the Asiatics” (20 min.) 8:20 Introduction (5 min.)

9:10 K. Lawson Younger (Trinity International University– 8:25 Glenn Corbett (American Center of Oriental Research- Divinity School), “Problems with Philistines in North ACOR), “Sustainable Cultural Heritage through Syria?” (20 min.) Engagement of Local Communities: ACOR’s USAID SCHEP Initiative” (15 min.) 9:35 James K. Hoffmeier (Trinity International University– Divinity School), “The Possible Location of the Sea and 8:45 Allison Mickel (Stanford University), “Lucrative Land Battles of the Sea Peoples in North Sinai” (20 min.) Nonknowledge in Petra: A Case Study Connecting Labor Relations, Local Expertise, and Cultural Heritage 10:00 Shelley Wachsmann (Texas A&M University), “‘Sea Peoples,’ Management” (15 min.) Ships and the Urnfield Culture Connection” (20 min.) 9:05 Jenna Morton (Pax Foundation, Morton Group) and Bert De Vries (Calvin College), “The Umm el-Jimal Interpretive 1D Archaeology of Israel I and Hospitality Center: Heritage Preservation through San Antonio Ballroom D & E Museum-Programmed and Community-Operated Visitor Services” (15 min.) CHAIR: J. P. Dessel (University of Tennessee), Presiding 9:25 Kaelin Groom (University of Arkansas), “A Preliminary PRESENTERS: Assessment of Rock Art Stability and Heritage Management 8:20 Introduction (5 min.) in Wadi Hassan, Jordan” (15 min.)

8:25 Elizabeth Hestand (Independent Scholar), “Reinterpreting 9:45 Shay Bar (Haifa University), “Tel Esur: A Unique a ‘Dumping Ground’: Amphorae from the C-Field at Archaeological Community Project” (15 min.) Caesarea Maritima” (15 min.) 10:05 Lisa Graham (University of Edinburgh), “Experimenting 8:45 Yael Abadi-Reiss (Israel Antiquities Authority), “The Tenth with Public Archaeology: A Microeconomic Approach to Kilometer Persian Fort, Nativ HaAsara” (15 min.) Site Preservation and Community Engagement” (15 min.)

9:05 Philip Webb (Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary), “Recent Excavations and the Late Bronze Age at Gezer: Interpreting a Composite Reconstruction” (15 min.)

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 19 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

1F Archaeology of the Near East: The Classical 1H Art Historical Approaches to the Near East I Periods I San Antonio Ballroom I San Antonio Ballroom G Theme: Iconography and Objects CHAIR: Lisa A. Çakmak (Saint Louis Art Museum), Presiding CHAIR: Kiersten Neumann (Oriental Institute, University of PRESENTERS: Chicago), Presiding

8:20 Zeev Weiss (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “Shaping PRESENTERS: the Urban Center: Recent Excavations in Roman Sepphoris” 8:20 Introduction (5 min.) (20 min.) 8:25 Steele Brand (The King’s College, New York), “A Sumerian 8:45 Avraham Tendler (Israel Antiquities Authority), “Settlement Phalanx? What Comparative Art Tells Us about Martial THURSDAY | MORNING SESSIONS | MORNING THURSDAY and Agriculture in the Hills of Modiin: Horvat Ashun as a Democracy in Mesopotamia” (25 min.) Case Study” (20 min.) 8:55 Petra Creamer (University of Pennsylvania), “The 9:10 Jonathan David (Gettysburg College), “The 2015 JVRP Apotropaism of Old Babylonian Terracotta Plaques” (25 Excavations of the Castra of the Roman VIth Ferrata Legion min.) (Legio, Israel)” (20 min.) 9:25 Linda Meiberg (University of Pennsylvania), “Decorative 9:35 Robert Darby (University of Tennessee), “The Last Fort Motifs on Philistine Pottery and Their Cretan Connections” Standing: The Late Roman Army at ‘En Hazeva” (20 min.) (25 min.) 10:00 Byron R McCane (Wofford College), “Excavations in the 9:55 Christian Frevel (Ruhr-University Bochum), “Clay Synagogue at Horvat Kur, 2010–2016: Preliminary Report” Messengers: Understanding Iron Age Cult Stands as Media” (20 min.) (25 min.)

1G Material Culture and Identities in the Eastern Mediterranean I 10:25–10:40am San Antonio Ballroom H

Theme: Nontextual Material Culture and Identities Coffee Break CHAIRS: Helen Malko (Columbia University) and Serdar Yalcin San Antonio Foyer and North Terrace (Columbia University), Presiding

PRESENTERS: 10:40am–12:45pm 8:20 Maggie Beeler (Bryn Mawr College), “The Social Dynamics of Early Helladic Sealing Practices” (20 min.) 2A Object, Text, and Image: Interdisciplinary 8:45 Joanna S. Smith (University of Pennsylvania), “Seals as Approaches to Seals, Sealing Practices, and Measures of Individual and Group Identity on Late Bronze Administration I Age Cyprus” (20 min.) San Antonio Ballroom A 9:10 Serdar Yalcin (Parsons School of Design), “A Kassite Seal in the Hands of an Assyrian: Reused Artifacts and Identity Theme: Iconography, Materiality, and Object Studies Creation through Appropriation in the Ancient Near East” CHAIRS: Oya Topçuoğlu (Oriental Institute, University of Chicago) (20 min.) and Sarah J. Scott (Wagner College), Presiding 9:35 Leticia R. Rodriguez (The University of Texas at Austin), PRESENTERS: “Ionian (Re)Vision: Shifting Perspectives and Identities of an East ‘Greek’ Sanctuary” (20 min.) 10:40 Anastasia Amrhein (University of Pennsylvania), “What Does the Materiality of Seals Evince about the Materiality of 10:00 Erin D. Darby (University of Tennessee), “Manipulating the Divine in the Context of the Neo-Assyrian Empire?” (20 Identities: What Figurines Actually Reveal about Identity min.) Formation in the Ancient Near East” (20 min.)

20 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

11:05 Gina Konstantopoulos (Institute for the Study of the 11:05 Amber Hutchinson (University of Toronto), “The Ancient World, New York University), “The Role and Dialectical Interaction between State Initiatives and Function of Nonmirrored Inscriptions on Cylinder Seals” Nonroyal Endeavours at Provincial Sites during the (20 min.) Eighteenth Dynasty” (20 min.)

11:30 Andrew McCarthy (Cyprus American Archaeological 11:30 Federico Zangani (Brown University), “Amarna and Research Institute), “Flip the Script: Early Egyptian Seals Uluburun: Patterns of Exchange in the Late Bronze Age and the Bidirectionality of Hieroglyphs” (20 min.) Mediterranean” (20 min.)

11:55 Karen Sonik (Auburn University), “Myth in Miniature: 11:55 Laurel Darcy Hackley (Brown University), “Lions, Dwarves, Word, Image, and the Cylinder Seal” (20 min.) and Angry Eyes: Apotropaic Tradition in Egypt and Beyond” (20 min.) 12:20 Discussion (20 min.) 12:20 L.S. Baker Jr. (Andrews University), “War Propaganda? THURSDAY | MORNING SESSIONS | MORNING THURSDAY A Comparative Analysis of Iconographic Depictions of 2B Archaeology of Anatolia II Assyrian and Egyptian Military Camps” (20 min.) San Antonio Ballroom B

Theme: This session focuses on current archaeological research in 2D The Tandy Institute for Archaeology: A Anatolia and presents the results of excavations and surveys. Decade of Research CHAIR: Levent Atici (University of Nevada, Las Vegas), Presiding San Antonio Ballroom D

PRESENTERS: Theme: As ASOR comes to San Antonio, the Tandy Archaeological Research Institute, a Texas Research Institute and ASOR member, 10:40 Sharon R. Steadman (SUNY Cortland) and Gregory wants to celebrate a decade of robust academic development and McMahon (University of New Hampshire), “The 2016 research. In this session we will highlight our three active archaeological Season at Çadır Höyük in North Central Anatolia” (20 field projects, Tel Gezer Excavations, Kourion Urban Space Project, and min.) the Gezer Regional Survey; review our expanding museum research collection; and present future directions of the Tandy. A report on 11:05 Stephanie Selover (University of Washington), “Women’s the current status of the SWBTS Dead Sea Scrolls publication project Work? A Study of Gender and Weapons in Burial Contexts as well as preliminary results of the research into these particular from Early Bronze Age Central and Southeastern Anatolia” fragments will be presented. Prospective Tandy projects will be (20 min.) announced involving Egypt and Central Asia. Welcome to the Republic.

11:30 Scott Branting (University of Central Florida), “The 2016 CHAIRS: Steven Ortiz (Tandy Institute for Archaeology) and Thomas Season at Kerkenes Dağ” (20 min.) Davis (Tandy Institute for Archaeology), Presiding

11:55 Virginia Herrmann (University of Tübingen), “Zincirli PRESENTERS: Höyük, Turkey: Recent Results from the Chicago-Tübingen Excavations” (20 min.) 10:40 Thomas Davis (Tandy Institute for Archaeology), “The Kourion Urban Space Project: Retrospects and Prospects” 12:20 Akiva Sanders (University of Chicago), “A GIS-Based (20 min.) Evaluation of the Pastoralist Hypothesis for the Spread of the Kura Araxes Phenomenon” (20 min.) 11:05 Eric Mitchell (Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary), “The Gezer Regional Survey” (20 min.) 2C Archaeology of Egypt II 11:30 Steven Ortiz (Tandy Institute for Archaeology), “The Tel San Antonio Ballroom C Gezer Excavations: The Transformation of a Border City in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages” (20 min.) Theme: Topics in Egyptian Archaeology 11:55 Sidnie White Crawford (University of Nebraska), “The CHAIR: Krystal V. L. Pierce (Brigham Young University), Presiding Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary Dead Sea Scroll Fragments” (20 min.) PRESENTERS: 12:30 Mark D. Janzen (Southwestern Baptist Theological 10:40 Caroline Arbuckle MacLeod (University of California, Los Seminary), “Forthcoming Epigraphic Work at the Cour de Angeles), “Art, Politics, Chaos, and Wood: Reassessing la Cachette at Karnak Temple” (20 min.) the Significance of the Rishi Coffin in Egypt’s Second Intermediate Period” (20 min.)

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 21 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

2E History of Archaeology I 2G Material Culture and Identities in the Eastern San Antonio Ballroom F Mediterranean II San Antonio Ballroom H CHAIR: Kevin M. McGeough (University of Lethbridge), Presiding Theme: Identity in Historical Records PRESENTERS: CHAIRS: Helen Malko (Columbia University), and Serdar Yalcin 10:40 Matthew J. Adams (W. F. Albright Institute of (Columbia University), Presiding Archaeological Research), “The Myth of Memphis: Myth, History, Archaeology and the Founding of Egyptian PRESENTERS: Memphis” (25 min.) 10:40 Nathanael Shelley (Columbia University), “The Language 11:10 Christina Olson (East Carolina University), “Lost Among of Difference: Ethno-Symbolic Identities in Greek, Hebrew,

THURSDAY | MORNING SESSIONS | MORNING THURSDAY Treasures: An Analysis of Forgotten Pots in the Albright and Babylonian Texts” (15 min.) Attic” (25 min.) 11:00 Helen Malko (Columbia University), “Defining and 11:40 Samuel Wolff (Israel Antiquities Authority), “Alan Rowe: An Identifying the Kassites of Babylonia” (15 min.) Almost-Forgotten Episode at Tel Gezer” (25 min.) 11:20 Jonathan Valk (New York University), “The Aramaization of 12:10 Charles Jones (Penn State University), “The History of the Assyria: Linguistic Identities in Flux” (15 min.) Study of Antiquity Through the Lens of Autobiography: A Project Report” (25 min.) 11:40 Lisa Saladino Haney (University of Pennsylvania), “Royal Identity during the Reign of Senwosret III” (15 min.)

2F Forty Years of Excavation at Tell Halif 12:00 Aaron Schade (Brigham Young University), “‘I Am San Antonio Ballroom G Azatiwada … and May This City Possess Grain and Wine’: Altruistic Identity in the Phoenician/Luwian Bilingual CHAIR: Joe Seger (Mississippi State University), Presiding Inscriptions of Azatiwada” (15 min.)

PRESENTERS: 12:20 Maxwell Stocker (Texas Tech University), “Identity and Tomb Decoration in the Theban Necropolis: A Study of the 10:40 Introduction (5 min.) Tomb-Chapel of Neferhotep (TT50)” (15 min.) 10:45 J. P. Dessel (University of Tennessee), “The Late Bronze Age Settlement at Tell Halif” (15 min.) 2H Archaeology of the Byzantine Near East 11:05 Michael Stewart (Independent Scholar), “Iron Age to San Antonio Ballroom I Roman Occupations Inside Tell Halif’s Defense Walls” (15 Theme: This session focuses on current archaeological fieldwork or min.) broader research concerning the Near East in the Byzantine period. 11:25 Susan Arter (San Diego Natural History Museum), “An CHAIR: Melissa Bailey (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Ethno-Zooarchaeological Study at Khirbet Khuweilifeh Presiding (Northern Negev, Israel)” (15 min.) PRESENTERS: 11:45 Annie Brown (University of Manitoba), “From Stone to Metal: Changes in Animal Butchering Technology at Tell 10:40 Introduction (5 min.) Halif” (15 min.) 10:45 Debra Foran (Wilfrid Laurier University), “The Villagers 12:05 Oded Borowski (Emory University),“Lahav Research and Monks of Nebo during the Byzantine Period” (25 min.) Project: Phase IV—A Summary” (15 min.) 11:15 Marica Cassis (Memorial University of Newfoundland), 12:25 Cynthia Shafer-Elliott (William Jessup University), “The “Searching for Anatolia in the Middle Byzantine and Seljuk Daily Bread at Tell Halif: An Overview of Food Production Periods” (25 min.) and Consumption” (15 min.) 11:45 Kenneth G. Holum (University of Maryland, College Park), “Christianizing Caesarea: A Narrative from Archaeology Alone” (25 min.)

12:15 Ian Randall (Brown University), “Material Shifts and Island Connections: Assembling Cyprus from the Seventh to the Tenth Centuries C.E.” (25 min.)

22 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

12:45–2:00pm Fabrics of the Galilee and Northern Coastal Plain, Israel” (15 minutes)

ASOR Members’ Meeting 2:35 Paula Waiman-Barak (Haifa University), “Petro-Fabrics of the Carmel Coast, Israel” (15 min.) La Cantera Ballroom 2:50 Discussion (15 min.)

3:05 Barak Monnickendam-Givon (The Hebrew University of 2:00–4:05pm Jerusalem), “Southern Phoenician Wares: A Ceramicist’s Perspective” (15 min.)

3A Landscapes of Settlement in the Ancient Near 3:20 Anat Cohen-Weinberger (Israel Antiquities Authority), East I “Petro-Fabrics of the Judaean-Samarian Mountains, Israel”

San Antonio Ballroom A (15 min.) | AFTERNOON SESSIONS THURSDAY

CHAIR: Emily Hammer (University of Chicago), Presiding 3:35 David Ben-Shlomo (Ariel University), “Petro-Fabrics of the Shephelah and Southern Coastal Plain, Israel” (15 min.) PRESENTERS: 3:50 Discussion (15 min.) 2:00 Introduction (5 min.) 2:05 Catherine Kearns (University of Chicago), “Messy 3C Archaeology of Egypt III Countrysides: Discerning the Landscape Practices of San Antonio Ballroom C Emerging Iron Age Communities” (15 min.) Theme: “American Research Center in Egypt: Cultural Heritage 2:25 Jonathan White (University of Buffalo), “Cities in Bronze: Preservation through Conservation, Training and Community Cyprus and Shang” (15 min.) Involvement”

2:45 Pinar Durgun (Brown University),“‘My Lands Are Where CHAIR: Michael Jones (American Research Center in Egypt), My Dead Lie Buried’: Mortuary Landscapes and Memories Presiding in Bronze Age Anatolia” (15 min.) PRESENTERS: 3:05 Rolland Long (University of Chicago), “Mapping Historical Geography in Hittite Anatolia” (15 min.) 2:00 Gerry Scott (American Research Center in Egypt), “The Conservation and Training Efforts of the American 3:20 Yuval Gadot (Tel Aviv University), “Assyrian Influence on Research Center in Egypt, 1995-2016” (25 min.) Jerusalem’s Rural and Urban Landscape” (15 min.) 2:30 Michael Jones (American Research Center in Egypt), 3:40 General Discussion (20 min.) “Archaeology and Anastylosis at the Red Monastery Church, Sohag” (25 min.)

3B The Levantine Ceramics Project: Petro-Fabrics 3:00 John Shearman (American Research Center in Egypt), of the Southern Levant “ARCE Luxor: Site Improvement, Job Creation and San Antonio Ballroom B Conservation Projects on Egyptian Cultural Heritage Sites” (25 min.) Theme: The LCP (www.levantineceramics.org) is an open, crowd- sourced tool for ceramic wares, petro-fabrics, vessels, and petrographic 3:30 Richard W. Redding (Ancient Egypt Research Associates), analyses for pottery produced anywhere in the Levant from the “On the Cutting Edge: How Hypotheses Help Teach Field Neolithic era through the end of Ottoman rule. In this workshop Schools at the Pyramid Builders’ City” (25 min.) presenters will discuss contributions to the web site that focus on petro- fabrics and wares of southern Lebanon and Israel. 3D Archaeology of the Near East: Bronze and CHAIR: Andrea M. Berlin (Boston University), Presiding Iron Ages I PRESENTERS: San Antonio Ballroom D & E

2:00 Introduction (5 min.) CHAIR: Eric Welch (University of Kansas), Presiding

2:05 Kamal Badreshany (Durham University), “Petro-Fabrics of PRESENTERS: Southern Lebanon” (15 min.) 2:00 Haskel Greenfield (University of Manitoba), “The Early 2:20 Anastasia Shapiro (Israel Antiquities Authority), “Petro- Bronze Age Domestic Neighborhood at Tell es-Safi/Gath,

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 23 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

Israel: An Update on Recent Research” (15 min.) 2:25 Hussein Al-Sababha (Bonn University and Yarmouk University), “Islamic Pottery and its Distribution in 2:20 Shira Albaz (Bar-Ilan University), “Foundation Deposit as Agricultural Fields as a Marker of Land Use Throughout the Domestic Ritual in EB III at Tell es-Safi/Gath” (15 min.) Islamic Period in Northern Jordan” (20 min.)

2:40 Michael Homan (Xavier University of Louisiana), “The 2:50 Beatrice St. Laurent (Bridgewater State University), Copper Foundation of Social Stratification: Imperial Metal “Mu’awiya’s Urban Vision for Jerusalem (638–680): Origins Source Shifts from Oman and Jordan to Cyprus in the in the Regional Periphery and Arabia” (20 min.) Middle Bronze Age” (15 min.) 3:15 Bethany Walker (University of Bonn), “Regionalisms in 3:00 Ido Koch (University of Zurich), “Southwest Canaan in the Settlement and Land Use in Late Medieval Syria: Highlands 12th Century B.C.E.” (15 min.) as Hinterlands” (20 min.)

3:20 Josephine Verduci (University of Melbourne), “Metal 3:40 Tareq Ramadan (Wayne State University), “The Umayyads

THURSDAY | AFTERNOON SESSIONS THURSDAY Jewelry of the Southern Levant and its Western Neighbors: and their Administrative Legacy in Jordan: The Numismatic Surprising Results Concerning Cross-Cultural Influences and Paranumismatic Records as Evidence of an Evolving during the Early Iron Age” (15 min.) State” (20 min.) 3:40 Jeffrey Chadwick (Brigham Young University Jerusalem Center), “The 54 cm Canaanite Cubit in Bronze Age Canaan 3G Material Culture and Identities in the Eastern and Iron Age Israel, Judah, and Philistia” (15 min.) Mediterranean III 4:00 Discussion and Conclusion (5 min.) San Antonio Ballroom H

Theme: Question of Identity in the Archaeological and Textual Research 3E The Fourth Expedition to Lachish, 2013–2016: CHAIRS: Helen Malko (Columbia University) and Serdar Yalcin A Report on the First Four Seasons I (Columbia University), Presiding San Antonio Ballroom F PRESENTERS: CHAIRS: Yosef Garfinkel (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Michael G. Hasel (Southern Adventist University), and Martin G. Klingbeil 2:00 Thaddeus Nelson (Stony Brook University), “Fabric of (Southern Adventist University), Presiding Whose Land? Geographic Origins of Textiles in Neo- Assyrian Texts” (20 min.) PRESENTERS: 2:25 Nancy Highcock (New York University), “Identities on the 2:00 Yosef Garfinkel (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “The Move: Material Culture and Mobility in the Old Assyrian Fourth Expedition to Lachish: Results of Seasons 2013– Period” (20 min.) 2016” (30 min.) 2:50 Yagmur Heffron (University College London), “Factoids of 2:35 Michael G. Hasel (Southern Adventist University), “The Old Assyrian Visibility: A Historiographical Analysis” (20 Elite Houses of Area AA and the Date of the Palace-Fort of min.) Tel Lachish” (25 min.) 3:15 Louise Hitchcock (University of Melbourne), “Pulp Fiction 3:05 Martin G. Klingbeil (Southern Adventist University), “Four or Tangible Connections?” (20 min.) Judean Bullae from the 2014 Season at Tell Lachish” (25 min.) 3:40 Orit Peleg-Barkat (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “Archaeology and Cultural Identity in Rural Sites of Judaea/ 3:35 Saar Ganor (Israel Antiquities Authority), “The Six- Provincia Judaea in the Early Roman Period: The Case of Chambered Gate and Shrine of Level III at Lachish” (25 Horvat ‘Eleq” (20 min.) min.)

3H Ancient Inscriptions I 3F Archaeology of Islamic Society San Antonio Ballroom I San Antonio Ballroom G CHAIRS: Heather Dana Davis Parker (Johns Hopkins University) CHAIR: Beatrice St. Laurent (Bridgewater State University), Presiding and Michael Langlois (University of Strasbourg, Institute University of France), Presiding PRESENTERS: PRESENTERS: 2:00 Jeffrey Blakely (University of Wisconsin-Madison) “Is Wadi el-Hesi Really the Wadi el-’Asi?” (20 min.) 2:00 Introduction (5 min.)

24 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

2:05 Douglas Petrovich (Wilfrid Laurier University), “Hebrew as 4B Archaeology of the Black Sea and the the World’s Oldest Alphabet: Palaeography and Translation Caucasus of the Proto-Consonantal Inscriptions of Egypt’s Middle Kingdom (Sinai 115, Wadi el-Hol 1 and 2, and the Lahun San Antonio Ballroom B Bilingual Ostracon)” (25 min.) CHAIRS: Ryan C. Hughes (University of Michigan) and Elizabeth 2:35 Aren Wilson-Wright (The University of Texas, Austin), “A Fagan (University of Chicago) Previously Unrecognized Early Alphabetic Inscription from PRESENTERS: Egypt in the Hibbard Collection” (25 min.) 4:20 Tiffany Earley-Spadoni (University of Central Florida), 3:05 David Z. Moster (Bar-Ilan University), “The Four Lands “Preliminary Results from the 2016 Vayots Dzor Survey of Mesha: An Analysis of Jordanian Geography during the Project (Armenia)” (20 min.) Iron Age” (25 min.) 4:45 Hilary Gopnik (Emory University), “Moving Up? The 3:35 Adam Bean (Johns Hopkins University), “The Inscribed | AFTERNOON SESSIONS THURSDAY Middle to Late Bronze Age Transition in Naxçıvan, Incense Altar from Khirbet Ataruz: An Update” (25 min.) Azerbaijan” (20 min.)

5:10 Walter Crist (Arizona State University), “Playing in the Periphery: The Game of 58 Holes in Azerbaijan” (20 min.) 4:20–6:25pm 5:35 Hannah Chazin (Stanford University), “The (Pre- and Postmortem) Social Lives of Herds: A Zooarchaeological 4A Landscapes of Settlement in the Ancient Near and Isotopic Analysis of Late Bronze Age Pastoralism in the East II South Caucasus” (20 min.) San Antonio Ballroom A 6:00 Nathaniel Erb-Satullo (Harvard University), “Craft Production in Iron Age Fortress Complexes: New Fieldwork CHAIR: Jesse Casana (Dartmouth College), Presiding at Mtsvane Gora, Southern Georgia” (20 min.) PRESENTERS:

4:20 Introduction (5 min.) 4C Sicily and the Levant San Antonio Ballroom C 4:25 Kathryn Franklin (University of Chicago), “Settlement and Water Management Patterns in Spin Boldak, Afghanistan” CHAIR: Elisabeth Lesnes (Andrews University) and Randall Younker (15 min.) (Andrews University), Presiding

4:45 Maurits Ertsen (Delft University of Technology), “Agencies PRESENTERS: of the Assyrian Empire” (15 min.) 4:20 Introduction (5 min.) 5:05 Marco Ramazzotti (La Sapienza, Rome), “A Neural Spatial Analysis of the Ur and Eridu Subregional Settlement 4:25 Lorenzo Nigro (Sapienza University of Rome), “Across System” (15 min.) the Sea: Phoenicians at Motya and Mediterranean Interconnections in the Second and First Millennia B.C.” 5:25 Eric Rupley (University of Michigan), “Games of States: (15 min.) Toward a Dynamics of Settlement Structure in Late Chalcolithic Protostates” (15 min.) 4:45 Rossella Giglio (Direttore del Servizio per i Beni Archeologici pressola Soprintendenza per i Beni Culturali 5:45 James Fraser (British Museum), “A New Model for ed Ambientali, Trapani, Italy),“Byzantine Presences in Understanding the Relationship Between Dolmens, Lilibeo” (15 min.) Settlement, and Geology in the Southern Levant in the Fourth Millennium B.C.” (15 min.) 5:05 Justin Singleton (Andrews University), “The Cultural Adaptation of a Semipalatial System at Mokarta, Sicily” (15 6:05 Ralph Hawkins (Averett University), “Settlement in the min.) Jordan Valley during the Iron Age I” (15 min.) 5:25 Giorgia Lanzarone (San Miceli Project, Salemi, Trapani, Italy), “The Sacredness of the Water between Paganism and Christianity: The Movement of a Symbol from the Near East to Sicily” (15 min.)

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 25 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

5:45 Elisabeth Lesnes (Andrews University and San Miceli 6:00 Daniel Perez (University of Nevada, Las Vegas), “Mapping Project, Salemi, Trapani, Italy ), “The Village and Basilica of and Modeling at Tel Lachish” (20 min.) San Miceli in its Historical and Cultural Context” (15 min.)

6:05 Randall W. Younker (Andrews University), “The Emergence 4F Archaeology of the Near East: The Classical of Christian Culture in Western Sicily” (15 min.) Periods II San Antonio Ballroom G 4D Archaeology of the Near East: Bronze and CHAIR: Lisa A. Çakmak (Saint Louis Art Museum), Presiding Iron Ages II San Antonio Ballroom D & E PRESENTERS:

CHAIR: Eric Welch (University of Kansas), Presiding 4:20 Jane DeRose Evans (Temple University), “Seleucid Sardis: the Problem of Political Control and the Third Century B.C. THURSDAY | AFTERNOON SESSIONS THURSDAY PRESENTERS: Mint” (20 min.)

4:20 Steven Karacic (Florida State University), “Production and 4:45 Jennifer Gates-Foster (University of North Carolina at Consumption of Cypro-Geometric Pottery in the Amuq Chapel Hill), “A Roman Ritual Assemblage from the Upper Valley” (20 min.) Galilee” (20 min.)

4:45 Gilad Itach (Bar-Ilan University), “The Wedge-Incised Bowl 5:10 Michael Zimmerman (Bridgewater State University), “A and the Assyrian Deportation” (20 min.) Lamp Manufactory at Caesarea Maritima” (20 min.)

5:10 Avshalom Karasik (Israel Antiquities Authority), 5:35 Ilan Sharon (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “Ekistics “‘Revealing A Palm (Tefach) and Covering The Rest’: On at Dor: The Story of a Public Square” (20 min.) Ancient Measurements, Gender, and The Laws of Purity in the Production of Iron Age Storage Jars” (20 min.) 6:00 Simeon Ehrlich (Stanford University), “Public, Private, and Intermediate Spaces in Ancient Near Eastern Cities” (20 5:35 Nancy Serwint (Arizona State University), “The min.) Zoomorphic Head from Khirbet Summeily” (20 min.)

6:00 Rami Arav (University of Nebraska at Omaha), “Symbols of 4G Archaeology of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq I Authority: Bethsaida During the Tenth Century B.C.E.” (20 San Antonio Ballroom H min.) CHAIR: Glenn Schwartz (Johns Hopkins University), Presiding

4E The Fourth Expedition to Lachish, 2013–2016: PRESENTERS: A Report on the First Four Seasons II 4:20 Introduction (5 min.) San Antonio Ballroom F 4:25 Hasan Qasim (Director of Antiquities in Dohuk), “A New CHAIRS: Yosef Garfinkel (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Michael Neo-Assyrian Palace at Girê Sêmêl: Rescue Excavations in G. Hasel (Southern Adventist University), and Martin G. Klingbeil the Duhok Region” (25 min.) (Southern Adventist University), Presiding 4:55 Luca Colliva (Missione Archeologica Italiana nel Kurdistan PRESENTERS: Iracheno–MAIKI) “HCECR and MAIKI Joint Activities on the Erbil Citadel” (25 min.) 4:20 Soonhwa Hong (Institute of Bible Geography in Korea) and Hoo-Goo Kang (Seoul Jangsin University), “The Area CC 5:25 Alexia Smith (University of Connecticut), “Bronze and Iron Fortifications at Tel Lachish” (20 min.) Age Plant Use in Iraqi Kurdistan: Archaeobotanical results from Kurd Qaburstan and Gund-i Topzawa” (25 min.) 4:45 Itamar Weissbein (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “The Recently Discovered Late Bronze Age Temple at Tel 5:55 Kyra Kaercher (University of Pennsylvania), “Ghabrestan-i Lachish” (20 min.) Topzawa: An Achaemenid Tomb in Iraqi Kurdistan” (25 min.) 5:10 Igor Kreimerman (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “The Destruction Process of the Newly Discovered Late Bronze Age Temple at Tel Lachish” (20 min.)

5:35 Shifra Weiss (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “The Judean Shephelah in the Seventh Century B.C.E. in Light of New Results from Tel Lachish” (20 min.)

26 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

4H Ancient Inscriptions II 10:00 Peter Magee (Bryn Mawr College), “Qanat/Falaj Irrigation San Antonio Ballroom I in the Longue Durée of Arid Zone Occupation in the Ancient Near East.” (20 min.) CHAIRS: Heather Dana Davis Parker (Johns Hopkins University) and Michael Langlois (University of Strasbourg, Institute University of France), Presiding 5B Materiality of Communication I San Antonio Ballroom B PRESENTERS: Theme: This panel focuses on the ways in which ancient texts from 4:20 Introduction (5 min.) the Near East and the Classical World communicate in linguistic and nonlinguistic ways. The papers offer new analyses of the communicative 4:25 Gareth Wearne (Australian Catholic University), “The function of epigraphic materials by examining their visual organization Second Rubric in the Deir ‘Alla Plaster Texts as an and composition, and social and physical contexts. Instruction for the Oral Performance of the Text” (25 min.) CHAIRS: Emily Cole (Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, 4:55 Jacco Dieleman (University of California, Los Angeles), New York University) and Alice Mandell (University of Wisconsin- “The Materiality of Textual Amulets in the Ancient World” Madison), Presiding (25 min.) PRESENTERS: 5:25 Jessie DeGrado (University of Chicago) and Matthew Richey (University of Chicago), “An Inscribed Pazuzu 8:20 Introduction (15 min.) Statuette at the Ashmolean Museum” (25 min.) 8:35 Jacob Lauinger (Johns Hopkins University), “The Look and 5:55 Bezalel Porten (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Shape of Things: Extra-Linguistic Features of the Statue of “Presenting a Textbook of Aramaic Ostraca (TAO), Volume Idrimi Inscription as Metadiscursive Phenomena” (15 min.) 2” (25 min.) 8:55 Rita Lucarelli (University of California, Berkeley), “Ancient Egyptian Magical Spells in 3D and the Materiality of the Book of the Dead” (15 min.)

FRIDAY, NOVEMBER 18 9:15 Jody Washburn (Walla Walla University), “The Family Tomb as an Inscribed Artifact: A Material and Spatial 8:20–10:25am Analysis of the Beit Lei Inscriptions” (15 min.)

5A. Archaeology of Arabia I 9:35 Catherine Bonesho (University of Wisconsin-Madison), “Aesthetics of Empire: The Importance of Presentation in San Antonio Ballroom A Palmyrene and Latin Bilingual Inscriptions” (15 min.) FRIDAY | MORNING SESSIONS | MORNING FRIDAY CHAIR: Michael Harrower (Johns Hopkins University), Presiding 9:55 Elizabeth Wueste (University of California, Berkeley), PRESENTERS: “Managing Multiple Conversations: The Multileveled Communication of Late Antique Honorific Monuments and 8:20 Geoffrey Ludvik (University of Wisconsin-Madison), “Bead Epigraphy” (15 min.) Curation in West Asia: Stone and Glass Beads from the Tell el-Hesi Bedouin Cemetery” (20 min.) 10:10 Discussion (15 min.)

8:45 Jonathan Mark Kenoyer (University of Wisconsin- Madison), “Production, Trade, and Reuse of Stone Beads 5C Archaeology of Israel: The 2011-2016 in Oman during the Fourth to First Millennia B.C.E.” (20 Excavations at Huqoq min.) San Antonio Ballroom C

9:10 Matthew Jameson (Bryn Mawr College), “Ubaid Interaction CHAIR: Jodi Magness (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), in the Arabian Gulf in the Light of New Research on the Presiding Origin and Technology of Ubaid and ‘Local’ Pottery from Dosariyah (Saudi Arabia)” (20 min.) PRESENTERS:

9:35 William Zimmerle (Dhofar University), “The 8:20 Introduction (5 min.) Archaeological Biography of Small Bronze Shaft-Hole Axeheads from MAGAN: An Ethnographic Case-Study 8:25 Matthew Grey (Brigham Young University), “The 2015– on Metal Craftsmanship from the Musandam Peninsula 2016 Seasons of Excavations at Huqoq” (15 min.) (Sultanate of Oman) and Ras al-Khaimah (United Arab 8:45 Martin Wells (Austin College), “The Architecture of the Emirates)” (20 min.) Huqoq Synagogue” (15 min.)

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 27 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

9:05 Karen Britt (Western Carolina University), “Recent Mosaic 5E Archaeologists Engaging Global Challenges Discoveries from the Huqoq Synagogue: Local and Regional San Antonio Ballroom F Perspectives” (15 min.) Theme: Using the UN Millennium Project’s “15 Global Challenges” as 9:25 Ra'anan Boustan (University of California, Los Angeles), a guide, participants tackle issues of peace and conflict, sustainable “The ‘Elephant Panel’ from the Huqoq Synagogue: development, and climate change through original research and Historical Memory in a Late Antique Jewish Community” explore ways archaeologists can contribute deep-time perspectives to (15 min.) international efforts by governments, international organizations, and 9:45 Daniel Schindler (University of North Carolina at Chapel futurists addressing these challenges. Hill), “The Late Roman and Byzantine Pottery from Huqoq” CHAIRS: Catherine P. Foster (Ancient Middle East Education and (15 min.) Research Institute) and Erin D. Darby (University of Tennessee), 10:05 Carolyn Swan (University College London, Qatar), “The Presiding Glass from Huqoq” (15 min.) PRESENTERS:

8:20 Catherine P. Foster (Ancient Middle East Education and 5D Archaeology and Biblical Studies I Research Institute), Opening Remarks (5 min.) San Antonio Ballroom D & E 8:25 Howard Cyr (University of Tennessee), “Methods for Theme: This session explores the intersections between and among Examining Social-Environmental Interaction within the history, archaeology, and the Jewish and/or Christian Bibles and related Archaeological Record; An Example from ‘Ayn Gharandal, a texts. Late Roman Fort in Southern Jordan” (25 min.)

CHAIR: Jonathan Rosenbaum (Gratz College), Presiding 8:55 Paul Christians (Stanford University), “Restoring Ancient Umm el-Jimal’s Reservoir System: Archaeology, Water, PRESENTERS: Resilience, and Community Building in Northern Jordan” (25 min.) 8:20 Introduction (5 min.) 9:25 Katie Paul (Antiquities Coalition), “New Methodologies 8:25 Wolfgang Zwickel (Johannes Gutenberg-University of in Visualizing Data: Identifying Patterns and Solutions for Mainz), “The Land of Geshur in the Light of Settlement Culture Under Threat” (25 min.) History” (15 min.) 9:55 Øystein LaBianca (Andrews University), “Archaeology 8:45 Peter Feinman (Institute of History, Archaeology, and Engaging the Anthropocene” (25 min.) Education), “Canaanite Myth in the Hebrew Epic: The

FRIDAY | MORNING SESSIONS | MORNING FRIDAY Elyon Case Study” (15 min.)

9:05 Chris McKinny, (Bar-Ilan University), “Struck Down for 5F Archaeology of Cyprus I Error: A Discussion of Two Early Iron Age Israelite Temples San Antonio Ballroom G and Their Possible Connection to the Movements of the Ark of Covenant in Samuel” (15 min.) CHAIR: Nancy Serwint (Arizona State University), Presiding

9:25 Zachary Thomas (Macquarie University), “The Archaeology PRESENTERS: of the United Monarchy: Reconsidering Interpretive 8:20 Alan Simmons (University of Nevada, Las Vegas), “No Frameworks” (15 min.) Neolithic Is an Island: Cyprus’s Role in the Neolithic 9:45 David Clint Burnett (Boston College), “When the Twain Do Revolution” (20 min.) Not Meet: Material Culture and Paul's Letters” (15 min.) 8:45 Laura Swantek (Arizona State University), “The Emergence 10:05 Yinon Shivtiel (Zefat Academic College and C.R.C. – the of Social Complexity on Cyprus during the Prehistoric Cave Research Center), “Hiding Complexes and Cliff Bronze Age: A Small-World Network Approach” (20 min.) Shelters: Refuge Caves in the Galilee during the Early 9:10 Alexander Donald (La Trobe University), “Socio-Political Roman Period” (15 min.) Structure in Late Bronze Age Cyprus: The Evidence from Glyptic” (20 min.)

9:35 Caroline Sauvage (Loyola Marymount University), “The Textile Industry at Enkomi” (20 min.)

10:00 Simon Jusseret (University of Texas at Austin), “Renewed Excavations at Pyla-Kokkinokremos (Cyprus): First Results from the 2014–2016 Campaigns” (20 min.) 28 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

5G Archaeology of Jordan I 9:10 Allison Thomason (Southern Illinois University San Antonio Ballroom H Edwardsville), “The Sensory Experience and Biopolitics of Royal Banquets in Assyria” (20 min.) Theme: This session highlights social and material-cultural aspects of the Bronze and Iron Ages. 9:35 Anne-Caroline Rendu Loisel (University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, University of Strasbourg), “Meeting the Divine in CHAIR: Jesse C. Long Jr. (Lubbock Christian University), Presiding Rituals: Substances, Material, and Multisensory Experiences in Cuneiform Texts” (20 min.) PRESENTERS: 10:00 Rick Bonnie (University of Helsinki), “How Would Jews 8:20 Introduction (5 min.) have Experienced the Early Synagogues?” (20 min.)

8:25 Carroll Kobs (Trinity Southwest University), “Early Bronze Age Domestic Structures in Field LA, Tall el-Hammam, Jordan” (15 min.) 10:25am–10:40am 8:45 Gary Byers (Trinity Southwest University), “Intermediate Bronze Age (EB IV) Domestic Structures in Field LA, Tall el-Hammam, Jordan" (15 min.) Coffee Break San Antonio Foyer and North Terrace 9:05 Douglas R. Clark (La Sierra University), “The 2016 Excavations at Tall al-‘Umayri, Jordan” (15 min.) 10:40am–12:45pm 9:25 (Rev.) Amanda Hopkins (Madaba Plains Project), “Viticulture on the Rocks: An Investigation of Wine Production and Distribution at Site 84” (15 min.) 6A Object Biography for Archaeologists III: 9:45 Mark Green (Indiana State University), “By the Sweat of A Multivocal Narrative (Workshop) Your Brow: Quarrying, Dressing, and Transporting Stone San Antonio Ballroom A on Central Jordan’s Karak Plateau” (15 min.) Theme: This interactive workshop considers how those of us in Near 10:05 Craig Tyson (D’Youville College), “Central Jordan in the Eastern studies present the objects we excavate to others. Speculative Ninth–Eighth Centuries B.C.E.: Emerging Polities in object biographies for one of four objects chosen by the workshop Competition” (15 min.) organizers will be proposed by specialists from different fields. Objects (absent a known life history) may be viewed here: http://www.asor.org/ am/2016/documents/object_biography.pdf

5H Senses and Sensibility in the Near East I SESSIONS | MORNING FRIDAY San Antonio Ballroom I CHAIRS: Nancy Serwint (Arizona State University) and Rick Hauser (IIMAS International Institute for Mesopotamian Area Studies; Theme: Contributions to this session take a multiplicity of theoretical Visiting Research Fellow, Department of Asian Languages and and methodological approaches in their exploration of senses and Literatures, University of Minnesota), Presiding sense-making related to objects, spaces, and practices in the Near East, in order to bring to light culturally meaningful sensory experience and PRESENTERS: modes of representation, reception, perception, and interaction, as well 10:40 Introduction (5 min.) as social and political dynamics of past worlds and human encounters. 10:45 Sarah Kielt Costello (University of Houston-Clear Lake), CHAIR: Kiersten Neumann (Oriental Institute, University of “Object Biography: Materiality” (5 min.) Chicago), Presiding 10:55 Massimiliano Pinarello (University College London), “The PRESENTERS: Perpetual Platypus” (5 min.)

8:20 Elke Friedrich (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “A 11:05 Emily Miller Bonney (California State University- Semantic Examination of Akkadian Verbs of Perception” Fullerton), “Hiding Small Animals from View” (5 min.) (20 min.) 11:15 Brent Davis (University of Melbourne), “A Temple 8:45 Shiyanthi Thavapalan (Yale University), “Colorful Foundation Peg” (5 min.) Persuasion: Evoking Luxury in Ancient Mesopotamia” (20 min.) 11:25 Annelies Van de Ven (University of Melbourne), “The Role of Object Biographies in Museology” (5 min.)

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 29 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

11:35 Erin Averett (Creighton University), “The ‘Authentic’ 11:05 Daniel Warner (New Orleans Baptist Theological and the Digital: 3D Imaging Technologies and Object Seminary), “Is It Just Water? Six Seasons of Excavations at Biography” (5 min.) Tel Gezer Water System” (20 min.)

11:45 William Caraher (University of North Dakota), “Excavating 11:30 David Vila (John Brown University), “Excavating Abila of in the 21st Century: A Fictional Biography Mediated by the Decapolis: The 2016 Season” (20 min.) Technology” (5 min.) 11:55 Alexandra Ratzlaff (University of Haifa), “A New Byzantine 11:55 Morag Kersel (DePaul University) “Context Matters: Basilica at Tel ‘Afar, Israel” (20 min.) Objects, Materiality, and Law” (5 min.) 12:20 Nicholaus Pumphrey (Baker University), “Tel Akko Total 12:05 Observations & Tentative Conclusions (40 min.) Archaeology Project: Seven Seasons of Excavation and Survey” (20 min.) 6B The Archaeology of Feasting and Foodways San Antonio Ballroom B 6D Archaeology and Biblical Studies II: Critical Reviews of Beyond the Texts, a New Volume Theme: Full of Food and Drink: Overconsumption and Intoxication by William G. Dever in the Ancient Near East. This year’s session explores the relationships between production and consumption for daily sustenance and the San Antonio Ballroom D & E specialized development of surpluses for indulgence. Theme: This session will consist of critical reviews of Beyond the Texts CHAIRS: Margaret Cohen (W. F. Albright Institute for Archaeological presented by senior biblicists and archaeologists. The book is unique in Research), Deirdre Fulton (Baylor University) and Elizabeth Arnold offering a history of ancient Israel from ca. 1200–600 B.C.E. that takes (Grand Valley State University), Presiding the comprehensive archaeological evidence—not the biblical texts—as the “primary data.” It then examines the relevant biblical texts as PRESENTERS: secondary sources, and accordingly evaluates the biblical narratives on a continuum from “proven” to “disproven,” with some falling into such 10:40 Tate Paulette (Brown University), “Where the Beer Flowed intermediate categories as “possible,” “probable,” or “unlikely.” Beyond Like Wine: Brewing and Intoxication in Bronze Age the Texts will be published by SBL Press. Mesopotamia” (20 min.) CHAIR: Jonathan Rosenbaum (Gratz College), Presiding 11:05 Jennie Ebeling (University of Evansville), “Wine, Beer, and the Daily Grind at Jezreel” (20 min.) PRESENTERS:

11:30 Elizabeth Arnold (Grand Valley State University), “Animal 10:40 Introduction (10 min.)

FRIDAY | MORNING SESSIONS | MORNING FRIDAY Production Over-Consumption? How Stable Isotopes of Animal Remains Can Address These Questions” (20 min.) 10:50 Ziony Zevit (American Jewish University), “Dever, Deduction, and the Invention of New Knowledge” (20 min.) 11:55 Tina Greenfield (University of Manitoba), “Late Bronze Age Feasting in Canaan: A View from Tel Burna” (20 min.) 11:10 Susan Ackerman (Dartmouth College), “Some Thoughts on W. G. Dever’s Beyond the Texts: An Archaeological Portrait 12:20 Stephanie Brown (University of California, Berkeley), of Ancient Israel and Judah” (20 min.) “Eating Like Elites? Domestic Foodways at Busayra” (20 min.) 11:30 Ann E. Killebrew (The Pennsylvania State University), “A History of Ancient Israel and Judah without Texts: A Critique” (20 min.) 6C Reports on Current Excavations—Non-ASOR 11:50 Lawrence Stager (Harvard University), “Archaeology and Affiliated Biblical History: A Critique of Beyond the Texts” (20 min.) San Antonio Ballroom C 12:10 William G. Dever (Lycoming College), Discussant (15 min.) CHAIR: Robert Homsher (W. F. Albright Institute for Archaeological Research), Presiding 12:25 Discussion: Panel and Audience (20 min.)

PRESENTERS:

10:40 Robert Homsher (W. F. Albright Institute for Archaeological Research), “A Preliminary Report on the First Two Seasons of Regional Survey Conducted by the Jezreel Valley Regional Project” (20 min.)

30 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

6E Archaeology of the Southern Levant 6G Archaeology of Jordan II: Ritual Practices in San Antonio Ballroom F Ancient Jordan San Antonio Ballroom H CHAIR: George A. Pierce (Brigham Young University), Presiding Theme: Religion has played an important role in the development of PRESENTERS: culture and tradition in Jordan. Throughout antiquity, people worshiped 10:40 Casey Sharp (University of Haifa), “In the Shadow of a variety of deities both local and imported. This session will explore Tel Nami: A Newly Examined MB IIA Settlement on the the nature of ritual practices in Jordan from the Chalcolithic through Carmel Coast” (20 min.) Roman periods.

11:05 Itzhaq Shai (Ariel University), “Two Cypriot Pithoi from CHAIR: Debra Foran (Wilfrid Laurier University), Presiding Late Bronze Age Tel Burna” (20 min.) PRESENTERS: 11:30 Phillip Silvia (Trinity Southwest University), “When Data 10:40 Introduction (5 min.) Defy Demagogy: What We Have Learned from Tall el- Hammam and Its Neighbors” (20 min.) 10:45 Abelardo Rivas (Andrews University), “Figurines of Jalul Field G: What Is Left of Domestic Religion?” (25 min.) 11:55 Owen Chesnut (Andrews University), “The Hellenistic Period at Tall Safut” (20 min.) 11:15 Chang-Ho Ji (La Sierra University), “The Ataruz Inscription and Iron II Temple at Khirbat Ataruz: New Light on 12:20 Brita Lorentzen (Cornell University), “Anatolian Forests on Stratigraphy, Chronology, and Cultic Activities” (25 min.) the Sea: Dendrochronological Dating and Timber Sourcing of the Akko Tower Shipwreck” (20 min.) 11:45 Annlee Dolan (San Joaquin Delta College), “The 2016 Excavations at the Ancient Town of Nebo (Khirbat al- Mukhayyat, Jordan)” (25 min.) 6F Yerushalayim, Al Quds, Jerusalem: Recent Developments and Dilemmas in the 12:15 Husam Hjazeen (Department of Antiquities of Jordan), Archaeological and Historical Studies from “Hercules Temple (Great Temple of Amman) Marcus the Bronze Age to Medieval Periods I Aurelius time (A.D. 161–166)” (25 min.) San Antonio Ballroom G 6H Theoretical and Methodological Approaches Theme: Hellenistic and Early Roman Jerusalem to the Study of Dress and the Body: Dress and CHAIR: Yuval Gadot (Tel Aviv University), Presiding Gender Identity San Antonio Ballroom I SESSIONS | MORNING FRIDAY PRESENTERS: Theme: Dress plays an essential role in the iterative performance of 10:40 Doron Ben-Ami (Israel Antiquities Authority), “Has the gender in antiquity, subtly shaping bodies, modifying movements, and Acra Citadel Been Discovered in Jerusalem?” (20 min.) providing templates for sanctioned identities. Papers in this session 11:05 Moran Hagbi (Israel Antiquities Authority), “The Nature of present different theoretical and methodological strategies for the Roman Building Projects: A View from the Western Wall interpretation of the roles of dress in construction and negotiation of Foundations” (20 min.) gendered identity.

11:30 Helena Roth (Tel-Aviv University), “Jerusalem’s Arboreal CHAIR: Megan Cifarelli (Manhattanville College), Presiding Environment and Wood Economy during the Early Roman PRESENTERS: Period” (20 min.) 10:40 Cynthia Colburn (Pepperdine University), “Colorful 11:55 Ilana Peters (Bar-Ilan University), “Food Remains from Meaning(s) in Bronze Age Men's and Women's Dress” (20 Jerusalem During the Second Temple and Its Destruction” min.) (20 min.) 11:05 Kathleen McCaffrey (Independent Researcher), “The 12:20 Jodi Magness (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) Clothes Make the Man: Male and Female Cross-Dressing in Discussant (15 min.) Mesopotamia” (20 min.)

11:30 Neville McFerrin (Sweet Briar College), “Embodied Meanings: Gendered Biases, Semiotic Slippage, and the Functions of Adornment in Achaemenid Persia” (20 min.)

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 31 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

11:55 Maura Heyn (University of North Carolina at Greensboro), 3:05 Suzi Wilczynski (Dig-It! Games), “From the Known to the “Dressed by Whom? Interpreting Agency and Identity in Unknown: Utilizing Archaeology in Software Development” the Costume Choices for Palmyrene Women” (20 min.) (20 min.)

12:20 Aliza Steinberg (Independent Researcher), “Gender, Status, 3:25 Mitchell Allen (Mills College), “Scholarly Publishing as an and Dress Code as Reflected on the Mosaics Pavement Archaeological Career” (20 min.) within the Historical-Geographic Area of Eretz Israel toward the End of Late Antiquity” (20 min.) 3:45 Discussion (20 min.)

7B Maritime Archaeology 12:45–2:00pm San Antonio B

CHAIR: Caroline Sauvage (Loyola Marymount University), Presiding Junior Scholars’ Panel Discussion: Navigating Beyond the Academic Job Market PRESENTERS: La Cantera Ballroom 2:00 Marine Yoyotte (IFAO) “Ancient Fluvial Harbors in Late CHAIRS: Erin D. Darby (University of Tennessee) and Robert Bronze Age Egypt: A Major Interface between Terrestrial Darby (University of Tennessee) and Maritime Roads” (20 min.)

This year’s Junior Scholars panel will focus on career options outside 2:25 Ehud Arkin Shalev, (University of Haifa), “Coastal and the professorate. Our panelists include Frederick Winter of F. A. Underwater Bronze Age Assemblages from Tel Dor” (20 Winter Associates, who first worked in the academy and subsequently min.) for the National Endowment for the Humanities, the Department of 2:50 Linda Hulin, (University of Oxford), “Down to the Sea: Education, and now runs his own consulting firm addressing non- Mariner Networks in Ports across the Late Bronze Age traditional academic employment, and John Paul Christy, head of the Eastern Mediterranean” (20 min.) Public Fellows program at the American Council of Learned Societies, a program that places Ph.D.'s in positions at public sector industries. 3:15 Giorgos Bourogiannis (Museum of Mediterranean and We will discuss the emerging job market within the context of the Near Eastern Antiquities), “From Almost Null to Plenty: last several decades and how to seek employment beyond traditional Evidence for Seaborne Connections in the Southeast academic positions. This panel is meant to accompany the “Careers Aegean during the Early Iron Age” (20 min.) beyond the Academy” ASOR session. 3:40 Christopher Davey (Australian Institute of Archaeology), “Sailing to Windward in Roman Times: The Spritsail 2:00–4:05pm Legacy” (20 min.) FRIDAY | sAFTERNOON SESSIONS FRIDAY

7A Career Options for ASOR Members: 7C Archaeology of Iran I The Academy and Beyond I San Antonio Ballroom C San Antonio Ballroom A CHAIR: Holly Pittman (University of Pennsylvania), Presiding

CHAIR: Susan Ackerman (Dartmouth College), Presiding ASOR would like to thank the American Institute of Iranian Studies (AIIrS) for awarding a generous grant to support the participation of PRESENTERS: two Iranian scholars in this year’s Annual Meeting. 2:00 Introduction (5 min.) PRESENTERS: 2:05 John Paul Christy (American Council of Learned Societies), 2:00 Introduction (5 min.) “Extending the Reach of the Humanities Ph.D.” (20 min.) 2:05 Fereidoun Biglari (National Museum of Iran), “Middle 2:25 Frederick Winter (F. A. Winter Associates), “Looking Paleolithic Assemblage Variability in Zagros: New Evidence Beyond the Campus for Career Options in the Humanities, from Kermanshah and Isfahan” (20 min.) Archaeology, and Ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean Studies” (20 min.) 2:30 Sepideh Saeedi (Binghamton University), “New Perspectives on the Proto-Elamite Territory” (20 min.) 2:45 Michael Smith (Lower Colorado River Authority), “Cultural Resources Management: Reconciling Past and Future” (20 2:55 Kyle Olson (University of Pennsylvania),“Three Narratives, min.) Three Approaches: Trade, Exchange, and Interaction in Third Millennium Iran” (20 min.)

32 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

3:20 Benjamin Mutin (Harvard University), “Southern Iran in 2:25 Katrien De Graef (Ghent University), “Seals on Heels: the Second Millennium B.C.E.” (20 min.) The Sealing Practice of Female Economic Actors in Old Babylonian Sippar” (20 min.) 3:45 Tobin Hartnell (American University of Iraq), “The Identification of Ayadana (Ritual Places) in Achaemenid 2:50 Gregg Jamison (University of Wisconsin-Madison), Persia (550–330 B.C.)” (20 min.) “Inscribed Unicorn Seals of the Indus Civilization: A Diachronic Comparative Study of Style, Technology, and Socio-Political Organization” (20 min.) 7D The Iron Age I in the Levant: A View from the North 3:15 Véronique Pataï (Université Lumière Lyon 2, Laboratoire Archéorient), “Texts and Seal Impressions at Nuzi: The Case San Antonio Ballroom D & E of the Scribe Taya Son of Apil-Sîn” (20 min.) Theme: This session deals with the period of the Iron Age I in the 3:40 Discussion (25 min.) northern Levant. It aims at highlighting inter- and extraregional interconnections by presenting the archaeological evidence from recent excavations with an emphasis on material characteristics and 7F Yerushalayim, Al Quds, Jerusalem: Recent chronological implications. Developments and Dilemmas in the CHAIRS: Hanan Charaf (University of Paris I) and Lynn Welton Archaeological and Historical Studies from (Oriental Institute), Presiding the Bronze Age to Medieval Periods II PRESENTERS: San Antonio Ballroom G

2:00 Introduction (5 min.) Theme: Hellenistic and Early Roman Jerusalem

2:05 Sara Pizzimenti (Sapienza University of Rome), “The Iron CHAIR: Doron Ben-Ami (Israel Antiquities Authority), Presiding Age I at Karkemish: New Results from Areas C, G, and S” PRESENTERS: (25 min.) 2:00 Ortal Chalaf (Israel Antiquities Authority), “The Dynamic 2:35 Doga Karakaya (University of Tübingen), “Agricultural Nature of the Ayyubid Settlement in Jerusalem: A View Patterns at Tell Tayinat and Beyond: The Archaeobotanical from the Western Wall Plaza” (20 min.) and Stable Carbon Isotope Evidence” (25 min.) 2:25 Johanna Regev (Dangoor Research Accelerator Mass 3:05 Eric Jensen (University of Arkansas), “Destruction, Spectrometer Radiocarbon Laboratory, Weizmann Institute Recovery, and Renewal: The Late Bronze to Iron Age of Science), “Microarchaeologically Sampled Radiocarbon Transition at Tell Qarqur” (25 min.) Dates from the City of David Excavations” (20 min.) 3:35 Elisabeth Wagner-Durand (Albert-Ludwigs-University, | AFTERNOON SESSIONS FRIDAY 2:50 Joe Uziel (Israel Antiquities Authority), “Absolute Dating of Freiburg), “Rural Peace after City Life? Kamid el-Loz during the Spring Tower and its Implications on the Fortification the Iron Age” (25 min.) Systems of Jerusalem in the Bronze and Iron Ages” (20 min.)

7E Object, Text, and Image: Interdisciplinary 3:15 Gary Knoppers (University of Notre Dame), “Jerusalem Approaches to Seals, Sealing Practices, and in the Persian Period: A Disjunction between the Administration II Archaeological Finds and the Biblical Literature?” (20 min.) San Antonio Ballroom F 3:40 Thomas E. Levy (University of California, San Diego), Theme: Identity and Agency Discussant (15 min.)

CHAIRS: Oya Topçuoğlu (Oriental Institute, University of Chicago) and Sarah J. Scott (Wagner College), Presiding

PRESENTERS:

2:00 Vanessa Boschloos (Ghent University; Royal Museums of Art and History, Brussels), “What’s in a Name? An Interdisciplinary Look at Identity Reflected by Egyptian and Egyptianizing Seals in Syro-Mesopotamia and the Levant” (20 min.)

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 33 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

7G Archaeology of Jordan III: Material Culture 4:20–6:25pm of Southern Jordan San Antonio Ballroom H 8A Career Options for ASOR Members: The Theme: This session highlights the material culture of southern Jordan Academy and Beyond II in the Roman and Nabataean periods. San Antonio Ballroom A

CHAIR: Craig A. Harvey (University of Michigan), Presiding Theme: Careers in Museums and Conservation

PRESENTERS: CHAIR: Emily Bonney (California State University, Fullerton), Presiding 2:00 Craig A. Harvey (University of Michigan), “The Military Camp Wall Paintings from Humayma (Ancient Hauarra), PRESENTERS: Jordan” (20 min.) 4:20 Geoff Emberling (University of Michigan), “Ways to Work 2:25 M. Barbara Reeves (Queen’s University), “Humans, in Archaeology: Shifting Perspectives” (20 min.) Animals, and Gods in Humayma’s Hills: The Petroglyph Corpus” (20 min.) 4:40 Susan Braunstein (The Jewish Museum), “The Archaeologist as Curator” (20 min.) 2:50 Leigh-Ann Bedal (Penn State Behrend), “In Small Things Assembled: A Late First-Century B.C.E. Assemblage 5:00 Jack Green (Corning Museum of Glass), “Building a Career beneath the Petra Garden and Pool Complex” (20 min.) in Museums: Opportunities and Challenges” (20 min.)

3:15 Sarah Wenner (University of Cincinnati), “The Ceramic 5:20 Sarah Kielt Costello (University of Houston-Clear Lake), Corpora of Petra North Ridge’s Nonelite Tombs” (20 min.) “The Long and Winding Road” (20 min.)

3:40 David Graf (University of Miami), “The Revision of a 5:40 Jeanne Marie Teutonico (Getty Conservation Institute), Nabataean Inscription from Ba’aja (I) near Baidha” (20 “Careers in the Conservation of Cultural Heritage” (20 min.) min.)

6:00 Discussion (25 min.) 7H Art Historical Approaches to the Near East II San Antonio Ballroom I 8B Bioarchaeology of the Near East I Theme: Architecture, Space, and Decoration San Antonio Ballroom B

CHAIR: Allison Thomason (Southern Illinois University CHAIR: Lesley A. Gregoricka (University of South Alabama), FRIDAY | AFTERNOON SESSIONS FRIDAY Edwardsville), Presiding Presiding

PRESENTERS: PRESENTERS:

2:00 Stefanie Elkins (Andrews University), “The Khirbet ‘Ataruz 4:20 Sean P. Dougherty (Milwaukee Area Technical College), Iron IIA Cult Stand” (25 min.) “The Pašittu-Demon among the People: Infant Mortality and Maternal Health in Neolithic Syria” (20 min.) 2:30 Moise Isaac (University of California Los Angeles), “Iconization in Neo-Assyrian Representations of Israelite 4:45 Brenda J. Baker (Arizona State University), “Archaeological and Judean Exiles” (25 min.) and Historical Evidence of Leprosy in the Circum- Mediterranean Region” (20 min.) 3:00 Tracy Spurrier (University of Toronto), “Battles in the Bedroom, Demons at the Door, and Horses in the Hall: An 5:10 Lesley A. Gregoricka (University of South Alabama), Access Analysis Study of Various Themes Depicted in the “Status, Power, and Place of Burial at Early Bronze Age Reliefs of Sennacherib’s ‘Palace Without a Rival’” (25 min.) Bab adh-Dhra‘: A Biogeochemical Comparison of Charnel House Human Remains” (20 min.) 3:30 Emily Drennan (Brown University), “The Life-Giving Sun Disk: Amenhotep IV and Beyond” (25 min.) 5:35 Kirsi O. Lorentz (The Cyprus Institute), “Complex Ancient Knowledge of Human Anatomy: Revolutionizing Our Understanding of Chalcolithic Mortuary Practices in Cyprus” (20 min.)

34 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

6:00 Susan Guise Sheridan (University of Notre Dame), 8E Object, Text, and Image: Interdisciplinary “Bioarchaeology of Prayer: Repetitive Motion Disorders Approaches to Seals, Sealing Practices, and Associated with Excessive Genuflection at the Byzantine St. Stephen’s Monastery, Jerusalem” (20 min.) Administration III San Antonio Ballroom F 8C Archaeology of Iran II Theme: Practice, Use, and Exchange San Antonio Ballroom C CHAIRS: Oya Topçuoğlu (Oriental Institute, University of Chicago) ASOR would like to thank the American Institute of Iranian Studies and Sarah J. Scott (Wagner College), Presiding (AIIrS) for awarding a generous grant to support the participation of PRESENTERS: two Iranian scholars in this year’s Annual Meeting. 4:20 Katherine Burge (University of Pennsylvania), “Maintaining CHAIR: Holly Pittman (University of Pennsylvania), Presiding Imperial Ties: Networks of Interaction in Northern PRESENTERS: Mesopotamia Post-Shamshi-Adad” (20 min.)

4:20 Introduction (5 min.) 4:45 Emmanuelle Honoré (McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research / St. John’s College), “A 4:25 David Stronach (University of California, Berkeley), “Lost Chronological Perspective on the Evolution of the or Found? The Missing Face of Cyrus the Great” (25 min.) Manufacture of Cylinder Seals and Sealing Practices at the Dawn of Writing at Uruk-Warka and Susa” (20 min.) 4:55 Emily Wilson (University of Chicago), “Itinerant Iconography: Travel and the Individual in the Persepolis 5:10 Vera Müller (Austrian Academy of Sciences, OREA Fortification Archive” (25 min.) - Institute of Oriental and European Archaeology, Department Egypt & Levant), “The Diversity of Sealing 5:25 Mehrnoush Soroush (New York University), Practices in the Tomb Equipment of the First Dynasty King “Archaeological Research in the Urban Landscape of Askar Den at Abydos/Egypt” (20 min.) Murkam, the Misr of Khuzistan” (25 min.) 5:35 Maria Victoria Almansa Villatoro (Brown University), “Six 5:55 Mohammad Esmaeil Esmaeili Jelodar (University of Recently Uncovered Egyptian Scarabs at Ayamonte (Spain): Tehran), “Identification of Mahrūbān Port on the Northern Eastern Fascination in the Westernmost Phoenician Coast of the Persian Gulf” (25 min.) Necropolis” (20 min.)

6:00 Luc Watrin (GREPAL), “Decoding the Seal Impressions 8D Recent Discoveries from the Leon Levy from Cemetery-U at Abydos (Egypt): Urukian Influences Expedition to Ashkelon and Local Developments Between 3300 and 3150 B.C.” (20 FRIDAY | AFTERNOON SESSIONS FRIDAY San Antonio Ballroom D & E min.)

CHAIR: Daniel Master (Wheaton College), Presiding 8F GIS and Remote Sensing in Archaeology PRESENTERS: San Antonio Ballroom G

4:20 Introduction (5 min.) Theme: Reports on archaeological research on the ancient Near East using geospatial or remote sensing technologies. 4:25 Adam Aja (Harvard Semitic Museum), “Ashkelon’s Philistine Cemetery” (30 min.) CHAIR: Kevin Fisher (University of British Columbia), Presiding

5:00 Janling Fu (Harvard University), “Identifying A Philistine PRESENTERS: Burial Assemblage in Iron IIA–IIB at Ashkelon” (20 min.) 4:20 Alon Shavit (The Israeli Institute of Archaeology), “GIS 5:25 Sherry C. Fox (Eastern Michigan University), “The Reconstruction of Ancient Lod Settlement Patterns” (20 Contextual Study of the Human Skeletal Remains from the min.) Philistine Cemetery at Ashkelon” (30 min.) 4:45 Georgia Marina Andreou (Cornell University), “Coastal 6:00 Bridget Alex (Harvard University), “Radiocarbon Dating of Erosion Management in Archaeology (CEMA): Recording Human Remains from the Ashkelon Iron Age Cemetery” Rapidly Vanishing Antiquities in a GIS Environment” (20 (20 min.) min.)

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5:10 Anthony Lauricella (University of Chicago), “Spatial and 5:55 Jack Nurpetlian (American University of Beirut), “Coin Temporal Analysis of Looting Patterns in Afghanistan using Finds from Ancient Beirut: The Wadi Abu Jmil District” (25 Satellite Imagery” (20 min.) min.)

5:35 Christopher Fletcher (University of Arkansas), “Trade and Transport in the Dead Cities” (20 min.)

6:00 Austin Hill (University of Connecticut), “Drones and SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 19 Looting: Site Monitoring at Fifa, Jordan” (20 min.) 8:20–10:25am 8G Archaeology of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq II San Antonio Ballroom H 9A Methods of Historiography in the Study of Ancient Israel and the Levant—Joint Session CHAIR: Kyra Kaercher (University of Pennsylvania), Presiding with SBL PRESENTERS: San Antonio Ballroom A

4:20 Jesse Casana (Dartmouth College), “Exploring Settlement Theme: History and Memory. This session is being held in conjunction and Land Use History in the Borderlands of Mesopotamia: with the Society of Biblical Literature (SBL) session, “Hebrew Bible, Archaeological Survey in the Upper Diyala/Sirwan River History, and Archaeology,” taking place on Sunday, November 20 from Valley, Kurdistan Region of Iraq” (25 min.) 9:00 to 11:15 am in the San Antonio Convention Center, 2nd Level – West. ASOR attendees may attend this session even if they are not 4:50 Florian Janoscha Kreppner (Ludwig-Maximilians- registered for SBL. Universität München), “Peshdar Plain Project 2015: Investigating the Assyrian Province of the Palace Herald on CHAIRS: Matthew J. Suriano (University of Maryland) and Lauren the Frontier to Iran” (25 min.) Monroe (Cornell University), Presiding

5:20 Allison Cuneo (Boston University), “From Prosperity to PRESENTERS: Austerity: Cultural Heritage Management in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq” (25 min.) 8:20 Lauren Monroe (Cornell University), “History and Memory: An Introduction” (10 min.) 5:50 Michael Danti (ASOR-CHI Academic Director), Discussant (25 min.) 8:35 Ron Hendel (University of California, Berkeley), “Cultural Memory, the Exodus, and the Conquest of Canaan: Biblical Archaeology in a New Key” (15 min.) 8H Archaeology of Lebanon 8:55 James Osborne (University of Chicago), “In Big Things FRIDAY | AFTERNOON SESSIONS FRIDAY San Antonio Ballroom I Remembered: Memory and Counter-Monumentality” (15 min.) Theme: The focus of this session is on current archaeological fieldwork in Lebanon. 9:15 Deirdre Fulton (Baylor University), “Memorializing Sacrifice in Text and Artifact” (15 min.) CHAIR: Helen Dixon (University of Helsinki), Presiding 9:35 Anne Katrine de Hemmer Gudme (University of PRESENTERS: Copenhagen), “Material Memories: Ensuring Divine 4:20 Introduction (5 min.) Remembrance in the Pentateuch and in Aramaic Dedicatory Inscriptions” (15 min.) 4:25 Hermann Genz (American University of Beirut), “Renewed Excavations at the Early and Middle Bronze Age Site of Tell 9:55 Panel Discussion (30 min.) Fadous-Kfarabida (Lebanon): Results from the 2014 to 2016 Seasons” (25 min.)

4:55 Tomasz Waliszewski (University of Warsaw), “Jiyeh (Porphyreon) and Chhim: Recent Research on Rural Settlements in the Sidon Hinterland” (25 min.)

5:25 Hélène Sader (American University of Beirut), “Wine Industry at Iron Age Tell el-Burak?” (25 min.)

36 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

9B Bioarchaeology of the Near East II 9:05 David Falk (University of British Columbia), “Ritual San Antonio Ballroom B Processional Furniture as Context for the Ark of the Covenant: An Egyptological Perspective” (15 min.) CHAIR: Lesley A. Gregoricka (University of South Alabama), Presiding 9:25 Manfred Bietak (Austrian Academy of Sciences), “Sojourn and Exodus from an Egyptological Perspective” (15 min.) PRESENTERS: 9:45 Brad C. Sparks (Archaeological Research Group, Los 8:20 Kristina Reed (La Sierra University), “Aging Ancient Angeles-San Diego), “Exodus Historicity: Beginning a Re- Human Remains from the EB IB Dolmen at Tall al-‘Umayri, evaluation” (15 min.) Jordan (20 min.) 10:05 Panel Discussion Q&A (20 min.) 8:45 Nicholas Herrmann (Texas State University), “Bioarchaeological Studies of Hellenistic to Roman Period Tombs from the Ayioi Omoloyites Neighborhood in 9D Glass in the Ancient Near East Nicosia, Cyprus” (20 min.) San Antonio Ballroom D & E

9:10 Daniella Tarquinio (Quinnipiac University), “A Radiological CHAIRS: Katherine Larson (Corning Museum of Glass) and Carolyn and Macroscopic Reassessment of Pathology in Skeletons Swan (University College London-Qatar) from Tell el-Hesi” (20 min.) PRESENTERS: 9:35 Kathryn E. Marklein (Ohio State University), “Between the Red River and Pontic Way: Bioarchaeological Research in 8:20 Introduction (5 min.) the Roman Period Black Sea Region, Turkey” (20 min.) 8:25 Katherine Eremin (Harvard Art Museums), “The Origins of 10:00 Margaret A. Judd (University of Pittsburgh), “Hear No Evil: Glass: the Near East or Egypt?” (20 min.) Middle Ear Disease among Byzantine Monastics at Mount 8:50 Eduardo Escobar (University of California, Berkeley), Nebo, Jordan” (20 min.) “Glass-Making as Scribal Craft” (20 min.)

9:15 Julian Henderson (Nottingham University), “New Evidence 9C Israel's Exodus in Transdisciplinary for Glass Production and Trade on the Middle Eastern Silk Perspective Road” (20 min.) San Antonio Ballroom C 9:40 Jack Green (Corning Museum of Glass), discussant (20 Theme: This session is a follow-up panel to the Exodus conference min.) held at the University of California, San Diego, in 2013 that brought together 60 international scholars, and the proceedings of the conference published in 2015 (Israel's Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective, 9E Ancient Texts and Modern Photographic and Springer). The session evaluates motifs of the Exodus narrative and Digital Technologies their socio-cultural relevance in the first millennium B.C.E. as well San Antonio Ballroom F as questions of history and historicity. The session provides spotlights on new avenues for future research, from the angle of archaeological, CHAIRS: Christopher Rollston (George Washington University) and historical, textual, cultural, and geoscientific disciplines. Annalisa Azzoni (Vanderbilt University), Presiding

CHAIRS: Thomas Schneider (University of British Columbia), PRESENTERS: Larry Geraty (La Sierra University), Thomas E. Levy (University of California, San Diego) and Brad C. Sparks (Archaeological Research 8:20 Introduction (5 min.) Group, Los Angeles/San Diego) 8:25 Christian Casey (Brown University), “New Frontiers in PRESENTERS: Language Research” (25 min.)

8:20 Introduction (5 min.) 8:55 Nathaniel Greene (University of Wisconsin-Madison), “On the Persistence of Tradition: The Impact of Late Bronze and 8:25 Thomas Schneider (University of British Columbia), “The Early Iron A Epigraphic Evidence on Understanding Early Names of Moses: Assessing Their Meaning and the Exodus Levantine Cultural Development” (25 min.) Narratives” (15 min.) 9:25 Michael Langlois (University of Strasbourg), “Mobile 8:45 Alison Acker Gruseke (Yale University), “Moses the Multispectral Imaging of Ancient Ink Inscriptions” (25 Mesopotamian: The Birth of Moses, Social Space, and the min.) Formation of Israelite Identity” (15 min.) SATURDAY | MORNING SESSIONS | MORNING SATURDAY

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 37 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

9:55 Annalisa Azzoni (Vanderbilt University), “New Readings 9H Prehistoric Archaeology from the Persepolis Fortification Archive” (25 min.) San Antonio Ballroom I

CHAIR: Yorke Rowan (University of Chicago), Presiding 9F Archaeology of Cyprus II San Antonio Ballroom G PRESENTERS:

CHAIR: Nancy Serwint (Arizona State University), Presiding 8:20 Introduction (5 min.)

PRESENTERS: 8:25 Yorke Rowan (University of Chicago), “Excavation and Survey in the Wadi al-Qattafi, Jordan: Results of the 2016 8:20 Pamela Gaber (Lycoming College), “The 2015 Season of the Season” (15 min.) Lycoming College Expedition to Idalion, Cyprus” (20 min.) 8:45 Kathleen Bennallack (University of California, San Diego), 8:45 R. Scott Moore (Indiana University of Pennsylvania), “Late “How Green Was My Valley: New Insights into the Late Roman D or Cypriot Red Slip: An Examination of Form 11” Neolithic of Jordan” (15 min.) (20 min.) 9:05 Jarrad W. Paul (University of Melbourne), “The Leg Bone’s 9:10 Lucas Grimsley (Southwestern Baptist Theological Connected to This Whole Zone: What Worked Bone Can Seminary), “The Preliminary Results of the Fifth Season of Tell Us About Early Farming Communities in Northwestern the Kourion Urban Space Project” (20 min.) Anatolia and the Surrounding Region” (15 min.)

9:35 Ann-Marie Knoblauch (Virginia Tech University), “Plaster 9:25 Michael Danti (American Schools of Oriental Research– Casts of Cypriot Sculpture in 19th Century Collections” (20 Cultural Heritage Initiatives), “Introduction to Hasanlu VII min.) Period” (15 min.)

10:00 Discussion (25 min.) 9:45 Joshua Walton (Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon), “The Late Chalcolithic-Early Bronze I Transition on the Southern Levantine Coast: New Data from Recent Excavations by the 9G Antioch: A Legacy Excavation and Its Afterlife Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon” (15 min.) San Antonio Ballroom H 10:05 Alison Damick (Columbia University), “Preliminary Theme: The archaeology of ancient Antioch through the lenses of old Analysis of the Microbotanical Remains from Early Bronze finds and new interpretative frameworks Age Tell Fadous-Kfarabida, Lebanon” (15 min.)

CHAIRS: Andrea U. De Giorgi (Florida State University) and Alan Stahl (Princeton University), Presiding

PRESENTERS: 10:25am–10:40am

8:20 Alan Stahl (Princeton University) “Antioch: A Legacy Excavation and Its Afterlife” (20 min.) Coffee Break San Antonio Foyer and North Terrace 8:45 Gunnar Brands (Martin-Luther Universität Halle- Wittenberg), “Antioch Revisited: Early Excavations and New Surveys” (20 min.) 10:40am–12:45pm 9:10 Asa Eger (University of North Carolina, Greensboro), “Transformations of Urban Space in Antioch from the Hellenistic to Crusader Periods: The Pilot Project of Sector 10A Archaeology of Arabia II 17-O” (20 min.) San Antonio Ballroom A

9:35 Ani Eblighatian (University of Geneva), “A Tale of Antioch- CHAIR: Peter Magee (Bryn Mawr College), Presiding Salamis. What The Lamps May Reveal about These Two Cities?” (20 min.) PRESENTERS:

10:00 Brian Muhs (University of Chicago), “A Funerary 10:40 Kristina Pfeiffer (German Archaeological Institute, Berlin), Association at Antioch: Contextualizing the Mnemosyne “Where Are the Settlements? A Survey in the Emirate of Mosaic” (20 min.) Fujairah” (20 min.) SATURDAY | MORNING SESSIONS | MORNING SATURDAY

38 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

11:05 Eva Kaptijn (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences), 10:40 Sarah Craft (Florida State University), “Monasteries, “Between Fishers and Pastoralists: Animal Exploitation at Pilgrimage, and Settlement Patterns in a Late Antique ed-Dur (U.A.E.)” (20 min.) Landscape” (20 min.)

11:30 Jennifer Swerida (Johns Hopkins University), “House and 11:05 Jordan Pickett (University of Michigan), “The Hydraulic Household in the Umm an-Nar Period” (20 min.) Context of Monasticism in Late Antique Palestine” (20 min.) 11:55 Abigail F. Buffington (Ohio State University), “A Phytolith Reference Assemblage for Agriculture in Al-Dhahirah, 11:30 Giorgos Makris (Columbia University), “Making a Oman: Results from the ArWHO 2015 Field Season” (20 Connection: Interaction between Monasteries and min.) Environment in Byzantine Thrace” (20 min.)

12:20 Michael Harrower (Johns Hopkins University), “The 11:55 Alessandra Ricci (Koç University), “The Byzantine Archaeological Water Histories of Oman (ArWHO) Project: Monastery’s ‘Long Durée’: Natural Environment and Results of Archaeological Survey and Satellite Imagery Physical Spaces” (20 min.) Analysis” (20 min.) 12:20 Discussion (25 min.)

10B Archaeology of Mesopotamia San Antonio Ballroom B 10D New Research in Pre-Islamic Central Asia San Antonio Ballroom D & E CHAIR: Lauren Ristvet (University of Pennsylvania), Presiding CHAIRS: Jeffrey Lerner (Wake Forest University) and Charlotte PRESENTERS: Maxwell-Jones (The Asia Foundation), Presiding

10:40 Introduction (5 min.) PRESENTERS:

10:45 Rebecca Nicole Reeves (University of Central Florida), 10:40 Jeffrey Lerner (Wake Forest University), “The Silk Road “Daily Respites: We All Need Them” (15 min.) Fortresses of the Vakhan Valley” (20 min.)

11:05 Darren Ashby (University of Pennsylvania),“Beer for 11:05 Emily Hammer (The University of Chicago), “Pre- Ningirsu: Archaeological Evidence for Brewing at Tell al- Islamic Fortresses of the Balkhab River Valley (Northern Hiba, Ancient Lagash” (15 min.) Afghanistan)” (20 min.)

11:25 Reed Goodman (University of Pennsylvania), “Modeling 11:30 Wu Xin (University of Pennsylvania), “Investigating the the Cultural Landscape at Lagash in the Bronze Age” (15 Transition from the Achaemenid to the Hellenistic Period min.) in Central Asia: Kyzyltepa As a Case Study” (20 min.)

11:45 Paul Zimansky (Stony Brook University), “Ur’s Akitu, Tell 11:55 Fahim Rahimi (National Museum of Afghanistan), Sakhariya, and GA.EŠ” (15 min.) “Museums of Afghanistan: Preservation, Presentation, and Future Plans” (20 min.) 12:05 Elizabeth Stone (Stony Brook University), “New Excavations at Ur” (15 min.) 12:20 Charlotte Maxwell-Jones (The Asia Foundation), “Greek Material Culture at Ai Khanoum and Bactra” (20 min.) 12:25 Michael Fisher (University of Chicago), “The Development of Social Complexity During the Late Chalcolithic 1 Period (ca. 4500–4200 B.C.) at Tell Zeidan, Syria” (15 min.) 10E Archaeology of the Natural Environment: Archaeobotany and Zooarchaeology in the 10C Archaeology of Monasticism Near East San Antonio Ballroom C San Antonio Ballroom F

Theme: Monasteries in their Environmental Landscapes CHAIRS: Madelynn von Baeyer (University of Connecticut) and Melissa Rosenzweig (Miami University), Presiding CHAIRS: Asa Eger (University of North Carolina-Greensboro), Darlene Brooks Hedstrom (Wittenberg University), Fotini Kondyli PRESENTERS: (University of Virginia), Presiding 10:40 Introduction (5 min.) PRESENTERS: 10:45 Madelynn von Baeyer (University of Connecticut), “It Takes a Village (to Harvest a Crop): Plant Use during the Late

Chalcolithic at Çadır Höyük, Turkey” (15 min.) SESSIONS | MORNING SATURDAY

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 39 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

11:05 Andrew T. Creekmore III (University of Northern 10G Senses and Sensibility in the Near East II Colorado), “The Specialized Animal Economy at Early San Antonio Ballroom H Bronze Age Kazane Höyük, Turkey” (15 min.) Theme: Contributions to this session take a multiplicity of theoretical 11:25 Sarah E. Adcock (University of Chicago), “(Ursa) Major and methodological approaches in their exploration of senses and Findings in the Bronze Age: The Roles of Bears in the sense-making related to objects, spaces, and practices in the Near East, Ancient Near East” (15 min.) in order to bring to light culturally meaningful sensory experience and 11:45 Jennifer Ramsay (SUNY College at Brockport), “Evidence modes of representation, reception, perception, and interaction, as well of Destruction at the End of the EB III Period at Khirbat as social and political dynamics of past worlds and human encounters. Iskander: An Archaeobotanical Perspective” (15 min.) CHAIR: Kiersten Neumann (Oriental Institute, University of 12:05 Louise Bertini (American University in Cairo), “Changes Chicago), Presiding in Environment and Caprine Husbandry Practices Using PRESENTERS: Linear Enamel Hypoplasia (LEH): The EB III–IV Transition at Khirbat Iskander” (15 min.) 10:40 Stephanie Langin-Hooper (Southern Methodist University), “Miniatures at the Multiple Intersections of Vision 12:25 Tiffany Rawlings (SUNY College at Brockport), “A and Touch: Seals, Figurines, and Jewelry in Hellenistic Preliminary Look at the Zooarchaeology of the Roman Babylonia” (20 min.) Period Occupation at Humayma, Jordan” (15 min.) 11:05 Melissa Cradic (University of California, Berkeley), “Scents and Sensibility: The Sensorial Roles of Lamps in Funerary 10F Technology in Archaeology: Recent Work in Rituals during the Second Millennium B.C.E” (20 min.) the Archaeological Sciences San Antonio Ballroom G 11:30 Helen Dixon (University of Helsinki), “Perfuming the Dead: Evidence for the Use of Aromatic Oil and Resins in CHAIR: Andrew J. Koh (Brandeis University), Presiding Phoenician Mortuary Practice” (20 min.)

PRESENTERS: 11:55 Lissette Jimenez (San Francisco State University), “The Sixth Sense: Multisensory Encounters with the Dead in Roman 10:40 Jody Michael Gordon (Wentworth Institute of Technology), Egypt” (20 min.) “Mobilizing the Past: A Review of Current Developments in Mobile Computing and Digital Workflows in Near Eastern 12:20 Discussion (25 min.) Archaeology and Beyond” (20 min.)

11:05 Tatjana Mirjam Gluhak (Johannes Gutenberg University), 10H Theoretical and Anthropological Approaches “The Provenance of the Iron Age Basalt Vessels from to Archaeology I the Workshop at Tel Hazor: Results from a Comparative San Antonio Ballroom I Geochemical Study of Basalt Vessels and Geological Samples” (20 min.) Theme: Exploring the Mortuary Realm

11:30 Brady Liss (University of California, San Diego), “Get to the CHAIR: Leann Pace (Wake Forest University), Presiding Copper! Using XRF to Explore Copper Smelting Practices at Khirbat al-Jariya, Faynan, Jordan” (20 min.) PRESENTERS:

11:55 Bruno Soltic (Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary), 10:40 Introduction (5 min.) “A Look from Above: The Comparison of UAV Photography through Three Seasons at Tel Gezer (2014–2016)” (20 min.) 10:45 Tara Ingman (Koç University), “Changing Funerary Rituals and Metal Grave Goods in the Late Bronze Age at Tell 12:20 Bradley Erickson (University of North Carolina at Chapel Atchana, Ancient Alalakh” (25 min.) Hill), “Stepping into the Past at Bet Alpha: Exploring Research Methodology and Pedagogy with 3D Modeling 11:15 Amanda Wissler (Arizona State University), “Exploring and Virtual Reality” (20 min.) Personhood in Predynastic Egypt” (25 min.) 11:45 Tasha Dobbin-Bennett (Oxford College of Emory), “‘He Who Is Green of His Flesh’: Reinterpreting the Green-Faced Osiris” (25 min.)

12:15 Susan Braunstein (The Jewish Museum), “Children and Bangles in the Late Second Millennium B.C.E. Southern Levant” (25 min.) SATURDAY | MORNING SESSIONS | MORNING SATURDAY

40 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

12:45–2:00pm PRESENTERS: 2:00 Introduction (5 min.)

Projects on Parade Poster Session 2:05 Eric Wells (University of California, Los Angeles), La Cantera Foyer “Recontextualizing Religion: Depicting Local Practice on Votive Stelae in New Kingdom Egypt” (15 min.)

2:25 Foy Scalf (Oriental Institute, University of Chicago), “The 12:45–2:00pm Pragmatics of Interment: How the Placement of Funerary Papyri Embodied the Divine in Roman Egypt” (15 min.)

Initiative on the Status of Women in ASOR 2:45 Emilia Mataix-Ferrándiz (University of Southampton, ERC Mentoring Meeting: Speed Networking Roman Mediterranean Ports), “Rethinking the Roman La Cantera Ballroom Epigraphy of Merchandise: A Metapragmatic Approach” (15 min.)

3:05 M. Willis Monroe (University of British Columbia), 2:00–4:05pm “Looking Through the Cracks: Tracing Damage on Cuneiform Tablets” (15 min.)

11A Locating Mesopotamian Civilizations in 3:25 Marian Feldman (Johns Hopkins University), “Inscribing Highland-Lowland Encounters Cosmic Space on the Babylonian Map of the World” (15 San Antonio Ballroom A min.)

CHAIRS: Claudia Glatz (University of Glasgow) and Matthew Rutz 3:45 General Discussion (20 min.) (Brown University), Presiding

PRESENTERS: 11C New Light on Persian Period Judah: The 2:00 Steve Renette (University of Pennsylvania), “The Zagros Archaeological Perspective Interaction Sphere at the Beginning of the Bronze Age” (20 San Antonio Ballroom C min.) Theme: The “Persian period” is a well-defined period from the historical 2:25 Holly Pittman (University of Pennsylvania), “Mesopotamia point of view, but is still not clear enough from the archaeological and the Iranian Plateau: Separate but Equal Partners in the perspective. Since during the last few years many new archaeological Bronze Age of Exchange” (20 min.) finds from Persian period Judah were excavated and published, the goal of the 2016 session (second in a three-year ASOR sessions) is to deal 2:50 Claudia Glatz (University of Glasgow), “Degrees of with “Judah in Transition from the Persian to the Hellenistic Period.” Separation: Geographical and Cultural Connectivity in the Zagros-Mesopotamian Interface” (20 min.) CHAIR: Oded Lipschits (Tel Aviv University), Presiding

3:15 Matthew Rutz (Brown University), “Imagined Mountains of PRESENTERS: Babylonia: Education and Commemoration” (20 min.) 2:00 Oded Lipschits (Tel Aviv University), “New Light on Persian 3:40 Andrea Squitieri (Ludwig-Maximilians University of Period Judah: The Archaeological Perspective; Judah Munich), “Neo-Assyrian Stones and Mountains: an in Transition from the Persian to the Hellenistic Period Indestructible Link” (20 min.) (General Introduction)” (20 min.)

2:25 Noa Shatil (Tel Aviv University), “The Persian and Early 11B Materiality of Communication II Hellenistic Pottery from Tel Azekah (Israel)” (20 min.) San Antonio Ballroom B 2:50 Débora Sandhaus (Tel Aviv University and Israel Antiquities Theme: This panel focuses on the ways in which ancient texts from Authority), “Pottery Horizons in Judah: Toward a New the Near East and the Classical World communicate in linguistic and Understanding of the Transition between the Fourth and nonlinguistic ways. The papers offer analyses of how the material of Third Centuries B.C.E.” (20 min.) commercial, funerary, and ritual objects affected the distribution of text, changed over time, and addressed different audiences. 3:15 Nitsan Shalom (Tel Aviv University), “Changes in Settlement Patterns in Judah between the Persian and CHAIRS: Emily Cole (Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, Hellenistic Periods” (20 min.) NYU) and Alice Mandell (University of Wisconsin-Madison), Presiding SATURDAY | AFTERNOON SESSIONS SATURDAY

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 41 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

3:40 Jose Balcells (Badè Museum, Pacific School of Religion, 11F Developing Isotopic Investigations in the Berkeley), “Household and Family Ritual and Religion in Near East and Caucasus I: Environment, Diet, Persian Period Tell en-Nasbeh” (20 min.) and Mobility San Antonio Ballroom G 11D New Insights into the History of Sepphoris from the Sepphoris Regional Project Theme: This session brings together papers on recent isotopic investigations on ancient diet, and mobility. To initiate a web-based, San Antonio Ballroom D & E collaborative research platform called “Eurasian Archaeology Isotope Research Group” is among the objectives. In 2017 and 2018 our sessions Theme: New data and insights based on the Sepphoris Regional Project’s will focus on “Post-Marital Residence and Generational Change,” and final stratigraphic and small-finds reports. “Current Agendas and New Routes.” CHAIRS: Eric Meyers (Duke University) and Carol Meyers (Duke CHAIRS: G. Bike Yazıcıoğlu Santamaria (Independent Researcher) University), Presiding and Maureen E. Marshall (University of Illinois at Urbana- PRESENTERS: Champaign), Presiding

2:00 Benjamin Gordon (University of Pittsburgh), “A Fortress on PRESENTERS: the Western Summit? A New Look at the Development of 2:00 Introduction (5 min.) Sepphoris under Royal Judean Auspices” (25 min.) 2:05 Hannah Lau (University of California, Los Angeles), 2:30 Sean Burrus (Duke University), “Household Goods and “Herding Practices at Halaf Domuztepe: Implications for Cultural Exchange at Roman Sepphoris” (25 min.) Mobility, Cooperation and Emergent Political Complexity” 3:00 Alan Todd (Coastal Carolina University), “The Social (15 min.) Functions of Feasts: Evidence from Unit II and the 2:25 Benjamin Arbuckle (University of North Carolina at Chapel Dionysos Mansion” (25 min.) Hill), “Isotopic and Zooarchaeological Approaches to 3:30 Chad Spigel (Trinity University), “Synagogue Seating and Reconstructing Land Use and Mobility at Chalcolithic Köşk the Jewish Population of Sepphoris” (25 min.) Höyük, Turkey” (15 min.) 2:45 Benjamin Irvine (Freie Universität Berlin), “Multi-Isotopic 11E Archaeology of the Crusaders and Their Investigations of Diet in Anatolian Early Bronze Age Populations” (15 min.) Neighbors San Antonio Ballroom F 3:05 Selin E. Nugent (Ohio State University), “Isotopic Perspectives on Transhumance and Landscape Use in CHAIR: Tracy Hoffman (Independent Scholar) and Tasha Middle Bronze Age Naxçıvan, Azerbaijan” (15 min.) Vorderstrasse (University of Chicago), Presiding 3:25 David Meiggs (Rochester Institute of Technology), PRESENTERS: “Strontium Isoscapes in Central Anatolia: Archaeological Implications of Bioavailable 87Sr/86Sr Isotope Ratio 2:00 Tasha Vorderstrasse (University of Chicago) “Between Distributions” (15 min.) Byzantium, the Crusaders, and the Islamic World: Medieval Settlement in the Qoueiq Valley” (20 min.) 3:45 G. Bike Yazıcıoğlu Santamaria (Independent Researcher), “Eurasian Archaeology Isotope Research Group: Goals, 2:25 Ian Jones (University of California, San Diego), “Fatimid Perspectives, and Suggestions” (15 min.) and Crusader Settlement in Southern Jordan: Neither Fatimid nor Crusader?” (20 min.)

2:50 Michael Fuller (St. Louis Community College), “Crusader Burials and Material Culture from Area C at Caesarea Maritima” (20 min.)

3:15 Robyn Le Blanc (University of North Carolina, Greensboro), “The Glass from Crusader Ashkelon” (20 min.)

3:40 John Marston (Boston University), “The Animal and Plant Economies at Islamic and Crusader Ashkelon” (20 min.) SATURDAY | AFTERNOON SESSIONS SATURDAY

42 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

11G The Middle Bronze Age in the Southern 3:15 Philip Johnston (Independent Scholar,), “Fragments Levant Revisited: Chronology and of Identity: Ceramic Analysis, Production, and the Phoenician-Iberian Colonial Encounter” (20 min.) Connections I San Antonio Ballroom H 3:40 Discussion (20 min.)

Theme: Chronology and Interconnections

CHAIRS: Felix Höflmayer (Austrian Academy of Sciences) and Susan Cohen (Montana State University), Presiding 4:20–6:25pm

PRESENTERS: 12A Cyber-Archaeology in the Middle East Today 2:00 Felix Höflmayer (Austrian Academy of Sciences), San Antonio Ballroom A “Introductory Remarks” (5 min.) CHAIRS: Thomas Levy (University of California, San Diego) and 2:05 Susan Cohen (Montana State University), “Reevaluation of Neil Smith (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology), Connections between Egypt and the Southern Levant in the Presiding Middle Bronze Age” (25 min.) PRESENTERS: 2:35 Steven Falconer (University of North Carolina - Charlotte), “New Radiocarbon Sequences at Tell Abu en-Ni`aj and Tell 4:20 Introduction (5 min.) el-Hayyat, Jordan, and Their Implications for Bronze Age Chronology” (25 min.) 4:25 Neil Smith (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology), “New Approaches to UAV Based Aerial 3:05 Felix Höflmayer (Austrian Academy of Sciences), “A New Scanning of Cultural Heritage Sites in the Kingdom of Saudi Middle Bronze Age Chronology and its Implications for Arabia” (25 min.) Egypt and the Levant” (25 min.) 4:55 Stephen Batiuk (University of Toronto), “The 3:35 Sturt Manning (Cornell University), “Middle Bronze Age Computational Research on the Ancient Near East Anatolian Dendrochronology and Levantine Chronology” (CRANE) Project: Large-Scale Data Integration, Analysis, (25 min.) Visualization and Models for Data Sharing” (25 min.)

5:25 Miller Prosser (University of Chicago), “More Than Just 11H Theoretical and Anthropological Approaches a Pretty Geodatabase: Spatial Data Integration Using the to Archaeology II Online Cultural and Historical Research Environment (OCHRE)” (25 min.) San Antonio Ballroom I 5:55 Sarah Whitcher Kansa (Open Context / The Alexandria Theme: Action in Space and Time Archive Institute), “Open Context Turns Ten: A Retrospective” (25 min.) CHAIR: Emily Miller Bonney (California State University Fullerton), Presiding

PRESENTERS: 12B The Tel Dan Excavations at Fifty San Antonio Ballroom B 2:00 Rick Hauser (IIMAS-The International Institute for Mesopotamian Area Studies; University of Minnesota), Theme: Celebrating the fiftieth anniversary of excavations at Tel Dan: “The Archaeological Artifact as Actant” (20 min.) past discoveries and new directions.

2:25 Sharon Mattila (University of North Carolina at Pembroke), CHAIRS: David Ilan (Hebrew Union College, Jerusalem) and “A Hellenistic–Early-Roman Samaritan Archaeological Jonathan Greer (Grand Rapids Theological Seminary), Presiding Land Survey Reinterpreted in Dialectical Comparison with Documentary Land Surveys and Declarations from Egypt PRESENTERS: and the Dead Sea” (20 min.) 4:20 David Ilan (Hebrew Union College, Jerusalem), “Tel Dan: 2:50 Michele Rau (Independent Scholar), “Neuroarchaeology New Insights from the Last Ten Years: the Early Bronze and and Levantine Architecture: Human Neurology as a Tool in Middle Bronze Ramparts, an Unfinished Iron Age Gate, and the Interpretation of Architecture” (20 min.) an Eighth Century B.C. Earthquake” (25 min.) 4:50 Yifat Thareani (Hebrew Union College, Jerusalem), “Physical Manifestations of an Imperial Enclave: A Neo- Assyrian Governor’s Residence at Tel Dan” (25 min.) SATURDAY | AFTERNOON SESSIONS SATURDAY

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 43 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

5:20 Jonathan Greer (Grand Rapids Theological Seminary), 12D Gender in the Ancient Near East “Bones and the Bible: Recent Zooarchaeological Research San Antonio Ballroom D & E from Tel Dan and Implications for Biblical Studies” (25 min.) Theme: This session explores the art, archaeology, and texts of the Ancient Near East through the lens of gender issues and the study of 5:50 Levana Zias (Hebrew Union College, Jerusalem), “From gender groups in antiquity. High Place to No Place: Tel Dan in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods” (25 min.) CHAIR: Stephanie M. Langin-Hooper (Southern Methodist University), Presiding

12C New Light on Old Collections PRESENTERS: San Antonio Ballroom C 4:20 Introduction (5 min.) Theme: Collections derived from archaeological excavations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries are preserved in many local, 4:25 Laura Mazow (East Carolina University), “Combat or national, and university museums. This session aims to showcase how Weaving Swords, and the Complexities of Reconstructing the use of novel analytical techniques, often non- or minimally invasive Gender in the Bronze and Iron Age Levant” (25 min.) in nature, can be applied to the study of these historical collections. 4:55 Krystal V. L. Pierce (Brigham Young University), “Gender as CHAIRS: Patrick Degryse (KU Leuven) and Andrew Shortland a Life Cycle Process: Predynastic Cemetery N7000 at Naga- (Cranfield University), Presiding ed-Der in Egypt” (25 min.)

PRESENTERS: 5:25 Saana Svärd (University of Helsinki), “Arabian Queens: Constructs of Gender and Ethnicity in the Neo-Assyrian 4:20 Introduction (5 min.) Empire” (25 min.)

4:25 Patrick Degryse (KU Leuven), “A Lost Metal/A Metal Lost: 5:55 Brandelyn M. Andres (Arizona State University), Antimony Through The Looking Glass” (15 min.) “Expressions of Power: The Appropriation of Royal Masculine Iconography by Dynasty 18 Egyptian Queens” 4:45 Andrew Shortland (Cranfield University), “Using CT to (25 min.) Image and 3D print Cuneiform Tablets without Removing Them from Their Envelopes” (15 min.) 12F Reports on Current Excavations—ASOR 5:05 Marc Walton (Northwestern University), “Reconstructing Affiliated the Social and Ethnic Identity of Ancient Roman Egyptians through the Analysis of Their Mummy Portraits” (15 min.) San Antonio Ballroom G

5:25 Dennis Braekmans (Leiden University/Delft University CHAIR: Jack Green (Corning Museum of Glass), Presiding of Technology), “Ubiquitous Ceramics in Unique PRESENTERS: Museum Collections: The Integration of Past and Present Archaeometric Analyses” (15 min.) 4:20 Introduction (5 min.)

5:45 Eric Kansa (Open Context, San Francisco), “Carthago 4:25 Cynthia Finlayson (Brigham Young University), “The Coins Reciperanda Est: Online Data Publication of the ASOR of Ad-Deir: New Numismatic Evidence from the Ad-Deir Punic Project Excavations at Carthage” (15 min.) Plateau at Petra, Jordan” (25 min.)

6:05 Véronique Van der Stede (Royal Museums of Art and 4:55 S. Thomas Parker (North Carolina State University), History, Brussels), “Hidden Heritage: Opening Up and “Uncovering Petra’s Nonelite Population: The 2016 Season Restudying Collections from Old Belgian Excavations in the of the Petra North Ridge Project” (25 min.) Near East” (15 min.) 5:25 Jesse Long (Lubbock Christian University), “Expedition 2016 to Khirbat Iskandar, Jordan” (25 min.)

5:55 Daniel Schowalter (Carthage College), “Omrit Settlement Excavations: Report on the 2014–2016 Seasons” (25 min.) SATURDAY | AFTERNOON SESSIONS SATURDAY

44 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

12G The Middle Bronze Age in the Southern 12H Theoretical and Anthropological Approaches Levant Revisited: Chronology and to Archaeology III Connections II San Antonio Ballroom I San Antonio Ballroom H Theme: Theoretical Lenses Theme: Chronology and Interconnections CHAIR: Leann Pace (Wake Forest University), Presiding

CHAIRS: Felix Höflmayer (Austrian Academy of Sciences) and Susan PRESENTERS: Cohen (Montana State University), Presiding 4:20 Neil Erskine (University of Glasgow), “Religiosity in the PRESENTERS: Iron Age Negev: A Deleuzo-Guattarian Approach to the Archaeology of Religion” (20 min.) 4:20 Susan Cohen (Montana State University), “Introductory Remarks” (5 min.) 4:45 Andrea Creel (University of California, Berkeley), “Movement, Connectivity, and Senses of Liminality: 4:25 Assaf Yasur-Landau (University of Haifa), “The Relative Meshworking and Networking ‘On the Road’ in the Iron and Absolute Chronology of the Kabri Palace and the Age II Southern Levantine Drylands” (20 min.) Chronology of Aegean-Style Wall Paintings in the East” (25 min.) 5:10 Vanessa Juloux (École Pratique des Hautes Études), “For Modeling Power Relationships between Animated Entities 4:55 Shlomit Bechar (The Hebrew University, Jerusalem), “The in Ancient Literature: Framework of Deontic Power” (20 MB-LB Transition: Architectural Evidence from Tel Hazor” min.) (25 min.) 5:35 Fredric Brandfon (Expedition to the Coastal Plain of Israel), 5:25 Katharina Streit (The Hebrew University, Jerusalem), “Black Box Wars: The Use of Cognitive Archaeology and “A Maximalist Interpretation of the Execration Texts – Mentalities to Understand Famine in Iron Age II Israel” (20 Archaeological and Historical Implications of a High min.) Chronology” (25 min.) 6:00 Lennie Jones (University of Florida), “Applying Behavioral 5:55 Manfred Bietak (Austrian Academy of Sciences), Contract Theory to Real Property Transactions in the Discussant, “Tell el-Dab‘a and Chronology” (25 min.) Ancient Near East” (20 min.)

2016 Annual Meeting Perks

• Waived resort fees at La Cantera Resort and Spa • 20% discount on spa services at the brand new Loma de Vida Spa • 15% discount for golf green fees • Complimentary beverages during the Opening Reception • Complimentary wireless internet throughout the hotel’s meeting space (Network: LCRMeetings, Password: LaCantera2016) • Complimentary basic internet in guest rooms • Annual Meeting Mobile App • Complimentary self-parking • Complimentary shuttles to The Shops at La Cantera • 10% discount at Yard House (at the Shops at La Cantera) with your ASOR badge. *Discount does not apply to alcohol or during Happy Hour. • Complimentary shuttles to the downtown/River Walk area on Saturday night after the last sessions • $2 discount on admission to The San Antonio Museum of Art with your ASOR badge • Raffle (Saturday during the morning coffee break) • ASOR Café: Grab-and-go café station for ASOR attendees conveniently located near the meeting rooms, offering affordable breakfast and lunch options, as well as coffee. SATURDAY | AFTERNOON SESSIONS SATURDAY

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 45 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

Come One, Come All to the Projects on Parade Poster Session

The Projects on Parade Poster Session is an ideal opportunity to see the types of projects (both field and publication) in which ASOR members are involved. You’ll have a chance to speak with the students, volunteers, and excavators of sites. Please review the poster abstracts, which are included in the abstracts portion of this book.

The posters will be on display throughout the Annual Meeting in La Cantera Ballroom Foyer on the second floor. On Saturday, November 19, from 12:45 to 2:00pm, the presenters will be standing with their posters to answer questions. Please stop by!

“The Kalavasos and Maroni Built Environments Project 2014– “Soil Memory: Microbial Populations as Biosignatures for 2016: Integrated Approaches to Late Cypriot Urbanization and Evaluating Long Term Effects of Urbanization” Regional Landscape Change” Savannah Gonzales (University St. Thomas), Christopher Georgia Andreou (Cornell University), Kevin Fisher (University Boddy (University of Ottawa), Tony Hartshorn (Montana State of British Columbia), Catherine Kearns (University of Chicago), University), Patrick Hill (University of Ottawa), Maia Larios- Sturt Manning (Cornell University), Thomas Urban (Cornell Sanz (University St. Thomas), Steve Ortiz (Southwestern Baptist University) Theological Seminary), Mark Lanier (Lanier Theological Library), Janet Siefert (Rice University) “Butchering Technology during the Early Bronze Age I: An Examination of Microscopic Cut Marks on Animal Bones from “Anatomy of a Bronze Age Neighborhood at Tell es-Safi/Gath” Nahal Tillah, Israel” Tina Greenfield (University of Manitoba), Haskel Greenfield Jeremy Beller (University of Victoria), Haskel Greenfield (University of Manitoba), Shira Albaz (Bar-Ilan University), (University of Manitoba) Andrea Squitieri (University of Munich), Aren Maeir (Bar-Ilan University) “New Directions: Results from the 2016 Season at Gegharot” Gabrielle Borenstein (Cornell University) “Tell Rakân II (WZ130): An Investigation into Early Bronze Age Olive Oil Production” “New Light(s) on the Brussels Egyptian Execration Figurines” Natalia M. Handziuk (University of Toronto) Vanessa Boschloos (Royal Museums of Art and History), Athena Van der Perre (Royal Museums of Art and History), Hendrik “XRF Analysis of Artifacts from Tall ‘Umayri, Jordan” Hameeuw (Royal Museums of Art and History) Melissa Hebein (La Sierra University)

“Sweating the Small Stuff: Heavy Fraction Collection and “Multisensor Geophysical Survey of Middle Bronze and Iron Analysis from Early Bronze Tell es-Safi/Gath” Age Landscapes, Oğlanqala, Naxçıvan, Azerbaijan” Annie Brown (University of Manitoba), Haskel Greenfield Jason Herrmann (University of Tübingen), Emily Hammer (University of Manitoba), Aren Maeir (Bar-Ilan University) (University of Chicago), Veli Bakhshaliyev (Nakhchevan State University) “IIB or not IIB … Complications in Distinguishing Burnishing Techniques” “New Dimensions in Digital Documentation: Tomb 50 of Lydia Buckner (Mississippi State University), Dylan Karges Megiddo” (Mississippi State University) Robert Homsher (W. F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research), Adam Prins (Durham University), Melissa Cradic “Groundhog: A Computer Test Laboratory to Validate (University of California, Berkeley), Matthew Adams (W. F. Chronological Hypotheses” Albright Institute of Archaeological Research) David Falk (University of Liverpool) “Preliminaries to a Hermeneutics of the Action: Statistical “Man and the Land: GIS Analysis of the Wadi ath-Thamad Methodology” Project Regional Survey” Vanessa Juloux (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes) Jonathan Ferguson (University of Toronto) “New Evidence for the Middle Bronze Age in the Islahiye “Community Integration and Social Networking: Valley: Preliminary Archaeobotanical Results and Understanding the Spread of Transitional Halaf Ceramic Styles Archaeological Context of a Recently Excavated Destruction in Late Neolithic Upper Mesopotamia” Layer at Zincirli Höyük, Gaziantep, Turkey” Elizabeth Gibbon (University of Toronto) Doga Karakaya (University of Tübingen) and Kathryn Morgan (University of Pennsylvania) 46 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

“Drawn Conclusions: Clarity and Conventions in “The Legacy of Inanna” Archaeological Illustration” Michael Orellana (Andrews University) Dylan Karges (Mississippi State University) “Preliminary Analysis of Mollusca Remains at Çadır Höyük” “Urban Origins in North Lebanon: New Light from the Tell Paige Paulsen (University of Central Florida) Koubba Excavations” Melissa A. Kennedy (The University of Sydney), Kamal “A Taste of Things to Come: Preliminary Results of Organic Badreshany (Durham University), Jason T. Herrmann (University Residue Analysis of Second Millennium B.C. Pottery from the of Tübingen), Kristen A. Hopper (Durham University), Sirwan/Upper Diyala Region” Nadia Khalaf (Durham University), Graham Philip (Durham Elsa Perruchini (University of Glasgow), Claudia Glatz University), Helene Sader (American University of Beirut) (University of Glasgow), and Jaime Toney (University of Glasgow)

“Impacts on Cultural Resources: GIS and Predicting Urban “Pathologies from the Human Remains of the Early Bronze IB Growth in Herat, Afghanistan” Dolmen at Tall al-‘Umayri, Jordan” Gwendolyn Kristy (University of Chicago), Michael Fisher Kristina Reed (La Sierra University, University of California, (University of Chicago), Emily Hammer (University of Chicago), Riverside), Karimah Kennedy Richardson (University of and Kathryn Franklin (University of Chicago) California, Riverside), Sang-Hee Lee (University of California, Riverside) “The Utilization of Serapis from 30 B.C. – A.D. 230 within Roman Elite Houses in Italy” “The Manufacture of Early Bronze Age III Holemouth Jars and Vivian Laughlin (Andrews University) Platters from Tell es-Safi/Gath: An Examination of Shaping Techniques at the Mesoscopic Scale” “Gendered Dedications of Early Iron Age Crete” Jon Ross (University of Manitoba), Haskel Greenfield (University Jesica Jayd Lewis (North Carolina State University) of Manitoba), Aren Maeir (Bar-Ilan University), and Kent Fowler (University of Manitoba) “A New Analysis of Nabataean Coins Found by the BYU Team at Ad-Deir” “Landscape Archaeology and New Technologies at Tel Akko Victoria Loose (Brigham Young University), Cynthia Finlayson and in the Plain of Akko, Israel” (Brigham Young University) Jane Skinner (Yale University), Timothy Hay (Penn State University), Katherine Smyth (ESRI), Jamie Quartermaine “Building Environments: Dendrochronology and Cultural (Oxford Archaeology), Ann Killebrew (Penn State University), Heritage Research in Cyprus” Michal Artzy (The University of Haifa) Brita Lorentzen (Cornell University), Sturt W. Manning (Cornell University), Nikolas Bakirtzis (Cyprus Institute), Marina Faka “Digital Reconstruction of Petra’s Siq Aqueducts” (Cyprus Institute), Amanda Gaggioli (Cornell University) Neil Smith (King Abdallah University of Science and Technology, KAUST) and Ahmad Hasanat (Falconviz) “The Power of Porcelain: Authority and Landscape in Early Modern Cyprus” “Tumuli as Landmarks in the Cultural Landscape of Iron Age Justin Mann (The University of Virginia) Gordion, Turkey” Lucas Stephens (University of Pennsylvania) “Putting the Class in Classic: A Stratigraphic Trench in the Upper City at Tell es-Safi/Gath” “New Agricultural Installations from the Lower City of Tell es Jillian Mather (Western Illinois University), Aren M. Maeir (Bar- Safi/Gath” Ilan University), Jeffrey R. Chadwick (Brigham Young University) Darra Stuart (University of Kansas), Christina Olson (East Carolina University), Eric Welch (University of Kansas) “The Shining City of Ancient Troad: Parion from 2005 to 2016” Latif Oksuz (Mississippi State University), Vedat Keles (Ondokuz “Loom Weight Provenience and Textile Production in a Large Mayis University), H. Ertug Ergurer (Karamanoglu Mehmetbey Four-Room House at Gezer” University) Charles Wilson (Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary)

“Tracing the Arabian Horse in Ancient Saudi Arabian Petroglyphs” Sandra Olsen (University of Kansas)

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 47 New from BAKER ACADEMIC

In this up-to-date volume, leading experts introduce the peoples and places of the world around the Old Testament, providing students with a fresh exploration of the ancient Near East.

CONTENTS/CONTRIBUTORS: Introduction 7. Aram and the Arameans Bill T. Arnold and Brent A. Strawn K. Lawson Younger Jr. 1. e Amorites 8. Phoenicia and the Phoenicians Daniel E. Fleming Christopher A. Rollston 2. Assyria and the Assyrians 9. Transjordan: e Ammonites, Christopher B. Hays with Moabites, and Edomites Peter Machinist Joel S. Burnett 3. Babylonia and the Babylonians 10. Philistia and the Philistines David S. Vanderhoo Carl S. Ehrlich 4. Ugarit and the Ugaritians 11. Persia and the Persians Mark S. Smith Pierre Briant 5. Egypt and the Egyptians 12. Arabia and the Arabians Joel M. LeMon David F. Graf 978-0-8010-3918-8 • 560 pp. • $49.99c 6. e Hittites and the Hurrians 13. Greece and the Greeks “ e best scholars in the modern world illuminate the various Billie Jean Collins Walter Burkert† peoples in the ancient world of the Bible in this indispensable resource for students and teachers.” —William M. Schniedewind, Kershaw Chair of Ancient Eastern Mediterranean Studies, UCLA

978-0-8010-3714-6 • 800 pp. • $49.99c “Among the plethora of introductions presently ooding the market, this new volume from Hess distinguishes itself by its scope; its format; its attention to the full range of comparative, critical, and confessional issues; and by its author’s widely recognized expertise in all corners of the ancient Near East. e coverage is extensive, but the writing remains accessible. is introduction will serve many for a long time to come as a standard go-to text.” —Brent A. Strawn, Emory University

u Visit our booth at ASOR or request an exam copy at BakerAcademic.com November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas Hotel and General Information Conference Venue service salon, a fitness studio, a yoga lawn, an infinity pool, and The meeting venue is the La Cantera Resort and Spa at 16641 La a complete menu of traditional spa services such as massages and Cantera Parkway, San Antonio, Texas. The hotel’s telephone number facials. ASOR attendees receive a 20% discount on Spa Services. is 210-558-6500. Please note that there is a daily charge to use the Loma de Vida Spa facility, but the fee is waived with a spa service appointment. For Registration Desk inquires or appointments, please call 210-558-2252. The ASOR Registration and Help Desk are located on the second floor of La Cantera Resort and Spa in the foyer between the San Check Out and Luggage Storage Antonio and La Cantera ballrooms. The Registration and Help The hotel’s check out time is 11:00am. Luggage may be stored with Desk hours are: the Bell Desk in the lobby. Wednesday, Nov. 16 from 5:00pm to 9:00pm Thursday, Nov. 17 from 7:30am to 5:00pm Transportation around San Antonio Friday, Nov. 18 from 7:30am to 5:00pm Taxis are regularly available by request at the front entrance to the Saturday, Nov. 19 from 8:00am to 3:00pm hotel or by calling the San Antonio Taxi dispatch at 210-444-2222. *The Registration and Help Desk will be closed from 12:45–1:45pm Metropolitan Transit public bus service has a stop at the entrance each day during the lunch break. to the resort property and the 94 Express provides service between La Cantera and downtown San Antonio. La Cantera Resort and Spa Restrooms offers complimentary shuttles to the nearby Shops at La Cantera, Restrooms are located throughout the second floor on both sides of featuring a variety of shopping and dining options. Golf-cart the San Antonio and La Cantera Ballrooms, as well as on the third shuttles are available throughout the La Cantera property. floor at the top of the escalators. Parking Fax, Print, and Copy There is complimentary self-parking available at La Cantera Resort La Cantera offers a 24-hour business center located on the third floor and Spa. Valet service is available for a fee. just past the hotel lobby; it is equipped with computers, printers, a copy machine, and a fax machine. Additionally, the resort features Evaluations a full–service UPS Store next to the business center for all of your We want to hear from you! After the meeting, go to www.asor.org packaging and mailing needs while you are in San Antonio. and follow the link to fill out an evaluation form.

Internet Access Name Badges and Lanyards ASOR is pleased to provide attendees with complimentary wi-fi in Please wear your name badge at all times. Select restaurants at The all of the hotel’s meeting space (Network: LCRMeetings, Password: Shops at La Cantera will offer a discount when you show your ASOR LaCantera2016). badge. A complete list of restaurants offering a discount to ASOR attendees can be found in the Annual Meeting Mobile App and at ATM the ASOR Help Desk. At the end of the meeting, please recycle your There is an ATM on the lobby level located in the business center name badge and lanyard at the ASOR Help Desk. ASOR uses the next to the UPS store. badge holders for future meetings.

Childcare Say Cheese! Neither ASOR nor La Cantera Resort and Spa are in the position Please be ready to say “cheese” for our conference photographer! to hire or recommend childcare providers. The hotel’s preferred Some of the photos taken at the Annual Meeting will be used on childcare service is Northside Sitter’s Club. For inquiries, contact our website and/or for other external publicity. If you would prefer Rosie Castro at 210-710-7940. to opt out of having your photo taken and used by ASOR, please be sure to alert the photographer. Fitness Center & Spa La Cantera offers a 24-hour Fitness Center located on the second Don’t Forget! level of the west wing near the hotel pools. The Fitness Center features As a courtesy to the speakers and to the other attendees, please Life Fitness cardio equipment and dedicated zones for stretching silence all cell phones and electronic devices. Should you need and weight training. Across from the hotel’s main entrance is the special assistance, please stop by at the Front Desk, Bell Desk, or brand new, 17,000 sq. foot, Loma de Vida Spa featuring a full Concierge.

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 49 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

ASOR Members’ Meeting Susan Ackerman, ASOR President, Presiding

AGENDA

1. Call to Order 2. Roll Call (Secretary Lynn Swartz Dodd; by written circulation) 3. Approval of Agenda 4. Welcome (Board Chair, Richard Coffman) 5. Memorial Moments (Susan Ackerman) 12:45–2:00PM La Cantera Ballroom La Cantera 6. Financial Report Summary (Treasurer, Christopher White) 7. Update on the Work of the Membership and Outreach Committee (Randall Younker)

THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 17 NOVEMBER THURSDAY, 8. Nominations Committee Report and Election Results (Lawrence Geraty) 9. Honors and Awards (Laura Mazow) 10. Adjournment

ASOR’s Legacy Circle

ASOR is pleased to announce that the following individuals have made planned gifts to ASOR and are members of ASOR’s Legacy Circle.

Anonymous Jeffrey A. Blakely Oded and Marcia Borowski Vivian Bull Stevan Dana Debbie Fox e hope that all ASOR members will consider including Sheldon Fox WASOR in their will or making another type of planned gift. Lawrence T. Geraty Not only will your gift be put to good use, benefiting generations Denise Gold of dedicated and deserving students and scholars of the Near East, Norma Kershaw but you may also save significant tax dollars through the charitable P. E. MacAllister deduction and the avoidance of capital gains. In some cases, you Eric and Carol Meyers may even increase your income. †James F. Ross Joe D. Seger Please let ASOR know if you have made a planned gift of H. Katharine Sheeler $2,500.00 or more, and we will add your name to ASOR’s Legacy James F. and Carolyn Strange Circle. For more information, please contact ASOR’s Executive Andrew G. Vaughn Director, Andrew Vaughn ([email protected]). †Wendell W. Weir

50 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

2016 SPONSORS AND EXHIBITORS Please visit with our exhibitors in the San Antonio Ballroom Foyer Wednesday, November 16, 4:00–8:00pm Thursday November 17, 8:00am to 6:00pm Friday, November 18, 8:00am to 6:00pm Saturday, November 19, 8:00am to 4:30pm

PLATINUM SPONSOR ISD Contact: Ian Stevens 70 Enterprise Drive, Suite 2 Bristol, CT 06010 Tel: 860-584-6546 E-mail: [email protected]

ISD is a full-service book distribution company focusing exclusively on scholarly and specialist books in the Humanities. We represent some of the world’s finest publishing houses—including Acumen Publishing, Brepols Publishers, Equinox Publishing, Harrassowitz Verlag, Peeters Publishers, and many more—and are located in Bristol, CT. Visit www.isdistribution.com to see our full range of distributed publications.

GOLD SPONSOR EISENBRAUNS Contact: Jim Eisenbraun, Publisher and President P.O. Box 275 Winona Lake, IN 46590 Tel: 574-269-2011 E-mail: [email protected]

Eisenbrauns is one of the leading publishers and booksellers serving the academy in various ways, including book sales and marketing, prepress (typesetting) services, and publishing. Its publishing division focuses on archaeology, Semitic languages and linguistics, Mesopotamian studies, biblical studies, and history and culture of the Levant.

BRONZE SPONSOR BRILL Contact: Katelyn Chin 2 Liberty Square, 11th Floor Boston, MA 02109 Tel: 617-263-2323 E-mail: [email protected]

Founded in 1683, Brill is a leading international academic publisher in the ancient Near East and Egypt; Middle East and Islamic Studies; Asian Studies; Classical Studies; History; Biblical and Religious Studies; and Language & Linguistics. Brill is also a major provider of primary source materials online and on microform through its imprint IDC.

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 51 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

ANDREWS UNIVERSITY PRESS Contact: Lisa Mitchell, Customer Service Sutherland House Berrien Springs, MI 49104-1700 Tel: 269-471-6134; E-mail: [email protected] www.universitypress.andrews.edu

The primary mission of Andrews Press is to publish books, journals, and papers that make a scholarly and/or professional contribution to their respective fields and are in harmony with the mission of Andrews University. Publication emphases include such areas as archaeology, biblical studies, religion, education, and science.

ARCHAEOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA Contact: Laurel Nilsen Sparks, Lecture & Fellowship Coordinator 656 Beacon Street Boston, MA 02215 Tel: 617-358-4184 E-mail: [email protected]

The Archaeological Institute of America (AIA) promotes archaeological inquiry and public understanding of the material record of the human past to foster an appreciation of diverse cultures and our shared humanity. The AIA supports archaeologists, their research and its dissemination, and the ethical practice of archaeology. The AIA educates people of all ages about the significance of archaeological discovery and advocates the preservation of the world’s archaeological heritage.

BAKER ACADEMIC & BRAZOS PRESS Contact: Steve Ayers 6030 E Fulton Ada, MI 49301 Tel: 616-676-9185 E-mail: [email protected]

At Baker Academic we count it a privilege to partner with authors who make vital contributions to conversations of consequence within the academic community. Our books serve the academy and the church, draw from a broad range of scholarship, and are published according to the highest standards.

52 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

BETA ANALYTIC Contact: Brett Bell 4985 SW 74th Court Miami, FL 33155 Tel: 305-662-7760 E-mail: [email protected]

ISO 17025-accredited Beta Analytic is a dedicated radiocarbon dating (AMS) laboratory with standard turnaround time of 14 business days. Expedited services are available (2-6 business days). All analyses are performed in-house; BETA does not engage in satellite dating. Multiple laboratories in Miami, Florida, ensure redundancy and dependable delivery. Results are accessible 24/7 via web and mobile access. Respected worldwide for accuracy, high quality, and customer care. BETA has sample forwarding offices around the world.

BIBLICAL ARCHAEOLOGY SOCIETY Contact: Susan Laden 4170 41st Street, NW Washington, D.C. 20016 Tel: 1-202-364-3300 E-mail: [email protected]

The Biblical Archaeology Society (BAS) was founded in 1974 as a nonprofit, nondenominational, educational organization dedicated to the dissemination of information about archaeology in the Bible lands. BAS educates the public about archaeology and the Bible through its bi-monthly magazine, Biblical Archaeology Review, an award-winning web site (www.biblicalarchaeology.org), books and multimedia products (DVDs, CD-ROMS and videos), and tours and seminars.

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contact: Kamini Ramphal, Sr. Events Associate 1 Liberty Plaza New York, NY 10006 Tel: 212-337-5000 E-mail: [email protected]

Cambridge’s publishing in books and journals combines state-of-the-art content with the highest standards of scholarship, writing, and production. Visit our stand to browse new titles, available at a 20% discount, and to pick up sample issues of our journals. Visit our website to see everything we do: www.cambridge.org/us/ academic.

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 53 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

CASEMATE ACADEMIC Contact: Elizabeth Fransworth 1950 Lawrence Rd. Havertown, PA 19083 United States Tel: 610-853-9131 E-mail: [email protected]

Casemate Academic (formerly the David Brown Book Company) is a leading distributor of academic archaeological publications. We represent publishers including Oxbow Books, the British Museum Press, the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago and Maney Publishing. Visit www.casemateacademic.com for a full list of our distributed titles.

HENDRICKSON PUBLISHERS Contact: Bobby Koduvalil 140 Summit Street Peabody, MA 01961 Tel. 800-358-3111 E-mail: [email protected]

Hendrickson Publishers has a strong history of producing outstanding books for the religious studies academic community. We publish works on the Hebrew Bible, ancient Near Eastern studies and archaeology, New Testament and Greek language, theology, and religion. Hendrickson is also delighted to be partnering with the German Bible Society and Carta Jerusalem.

OCHRE DATA SERVICE OF THE ORIENTAL INSTITUTE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO Website: http://ochre.uchicago.edu E-mail: [email protected]

The OCHRE Data Service supports the use of the Online Cultural and Historical Research Environment (OCHRE) worldwide to record, integrate, analyze, publish and preserve cultural and historical information in all of its digital forms. Now featuring the new Geospatially-Enabled OCHRE (GEO) version for archaeologists. Visit our booth for a demo!

54 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS Contact: Patrick Alexander 920 N. University Drive, USB 1, Suite C University Park, PA 16802 Tel: 1-814-865-1327 E-mail: [email protected]

As the publishing arm of the Pennsylvania State University and a division of the Penn State University Libraries and Scholarly Communications, Penn State University Press is dedicated to serving the University community, the citizens of Pennsylvania, and scholars worldwide by publishing books and journals of the highest quality.

SOCIETY OF BIBLICAL LITERATURE Contact: Kathie Klein, Marketing Manager SBL Press 825 Houston Mill Road, Suite 350 Atlanta, GA USA 30329-4217 Tel: 1-404-727-2325 http://www.sbl-site.org

SBL Press publishes essential research in biblical studies for scholars and students. Cutting edge reference works, textbooks, monographs, anthologies, and translations cover everything from ancient Near Eastern and Greco-Roman texts to ancient and contemporary methods and interpretations. SBL Press is the publishing arm of the Society of Biblical Literature, the flagship organization for biblical studies.

THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS | JOURNALS Contact: Marsha Ross 1427 East 60th Street Chicago, IL 60637 Tel: 773-702-8185 E-mail: [email protected] www.joyrnals.uchicago.edu

The University of Chicago Press publishes more than 70 journals, including the Journal of Near Eastern Studies. JNES encompasses Assyriology, Egyptology, Hittitology, Biblical and allied ancient studies to early, medieval, and early-modern Islamic studies. It includes high-resolution color images suitable for articles on history and archaeology, with no page or color charges.

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 55 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

UNIVERSITY PRESS OF COLORADO COTSEN INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY PRESS Contact: Beth Svinarich, Sales and Marketing Manager 5589 Arapahoe Ave., Ste 206C Boulder, CO 80303 Tel: 720-406-8849 x803 E-mail: [email protected] Rural Archaeology in Early Urban http://www.upcolorado.com Northern Mesopotamia

The University Press of Colorado publishes books in Mesoamerican, Latin Excavations at Tell al-Raqa’i American, North American and Southwestern anthropology and archaeology, Edited by Glenn M. Schwartz and is currently expanding this list into Near Eastern archaeology. Hb: $89, eBook $45 Focusing attention on life in a third-millennium BC Meso- potamian village, the extensive excavations at Tell al-Raqa’i WM. B. EERDMANS PUBLISHING COMPANY present a new perspective on the emergence of urban Contacts: Allen C. Myers, Senior Editor; Janice E. Myers, Advertising Manager societies. The authors offer detailed studies on architecture, 2140 Oak Industrial Drive N.E. pottery, animal bones, plant remains, and other varieties of Grand Rapids, MI 49505 artifacts and ecofacts. Spatial and social organization, Tel: 800-253-7521 household economics, and the significance of enigmatic E-mail: [email protected] and [email protected] structures such as the Round Building and a small “temple” are among the issues discussed. The predominance of Eerdmans Publishing Company, founded in 1911 and still independently owned, www.ioa.ucla.edu/press/raqai large-scale grain storage and processing leads to questions is based in Grand Rapids, Michigan. It has long been known for publishing a of staple finance, economic relations with pastoralists, and wide range of religious books, from academic works in theology, biblical studies, connections to developing urban centers. religious history, and reference to popular titles in spirituality, social and cultural criticism, and literature. For more information visit us online at www.eerdmans. com.

Special Opportunity for ASOR Attendees Icon, Cult, and Context Sacred Spaces and Objects in the Classical World NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE HUMANITIES Edited by Maura K. Heyn and Ann Irvine Steinsapir Contact: Sarah Lepinski Pb: $60, eBook $35 400 Seventh Street, SW Washington, D.C. 20506 This festschrift honors UCLA professor emerita Susan Tel: 202-606-8573 Downey and her meticulous scholarship on religious E-mail: [email protected] architecture and imagery in the Roman/Hellenistic www.neh.gov world. The iconography of gods and goddesses, the analysis of sacred imagery in the context of ancient cult Sarah Lepinski, Senior Program Officer in the Division of Preservation and Access, National Endowment for the Humanities, has offered practices, and the design and decoration of sacred spaces to schedule brief phone meetings with ASOR attendees who would like to learn more about NEH funding opportunities, particularly in are the main themes of the book. Authors examine such Preservation and Access, the Digital Humanities, Research, and Education. subjects as painting from Dura-Europos, Hellenistic sculpture at Saqqara in Egypt, Roman cameo glass, The following grant programs may be of interest to attendees: Humanities Collections and Reference Resources; Digital Humanities Pompeiian fresco, and aspects of Venus in portrait Advancement Grants; Institutes for Advanced Topics in the Humanities; as well as Collaborative Research; NEH-Mellon Fellowships for sculpture. The essays on Dura-Europos are especially Digital Publication Grants; Scholarly Editions; Fellowships; Summer Stipends and Summer Seminars and Institutes. Information can be www.ioa.ucla.edu/press/icon-cult valuable in light of the present turmoil in the region. found at the NEH display table in the Exhibit hall.

Please email Sarah ([email protected]) to schedule a phone appointment. Projects may be at any stage of development - your ideas and questions are welcome! Find our online catalog at www.ioa.ucla.edu/press/online-catalog

56 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 COTSEN INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY PRESS

Rural Archaeology in Early Urban Northern Mesopotamia Excavations at Tell al-Raqa’i Edited by Glenn M. Schwartz Hb: $89, eBook $45 Focusing attention on life in a third-millennium BC Meso- potamian village, the extensive excavations at Tell al-Raqa’i present a new perspective on the emergence of urban societies. The authors offer detailed studies on architecture, pottery, animal bones, plant remains, and other varieties of artifacts and ecofacts. Spatial and social organization, household economics, and the significance of enigmatic structures such as the Round Building and a small “temple” are among the issues discussed. The predominance of www.ioa.ucla.edu/press/raqai large-scale grain storage and processing leads to questions of staple finance, economic relations with pastoralists, and connections to developing urban centers.

Icon, Cult, and Context Sacred Spaces and Objects in the Classical World Edited by Maura K. Heyn and Ann Irvine Steinsapir Pb: $60, eBook $35

This festschrift honors UCLA professor emerita Susan Downey and her meticulous scholarship on religious architecture and imagery in the Roman/Hellenistic world. The iconography of gods and goddesses, the analysis of sacred imagery in the context of ancient cult practices, and the design and decoration of sacred spaces are the main themes of the book. Authors examine such subjects as painting from Dura-Europos, Hellenistic sculpture at Saqqara in Egypt, Roman cameo glass, Pompeiian fresco, and aspects of Venus in portrait sculpture. The essays on Dura-Europos are especially www.ioa.ucla.edu/press/icon-cult valuable in light of the present turmoil in the region.

Find our online catalog at www.ioa.ucla.edu/press/online-catalog American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting Ten Things To Do in San Antonio

1 6

The Shops at La Cantera SeaWorld San Antonio

More than 140 luxury shops including 4 department stores. SeaWorld San Antonio is just a short drive from La Cantera La Cantera Resort guests have access to a resort shuttle to the Resort. Visit Henrietta’s Market for discounted tickets. shops, multiple times a day. 7 2 McNay Art Museum Six Flags Fiesta Texas The McNay Art Museum is the first museum of modern art Just minutes away from La Cantera Resort, Six Flags Fiesta in Texas and home to more than 20,000 works including Texas offers big thrills for families. La Cantera Resort guests the Jeanne and Irving Mathews Collection of Art Glass, the have access to a complimentary shuttle straight to the front Tobin Collection of Theatre Arts, as well as numerous 19th– gates of the amusement park. Discounted tickets are available 21st century European and American paintings, sculptures, at Henrietta’s Market near the main lobby. and photographs.

3 8

The San Antonio River Walk The San Antonio Museum of Art

A complimentary round-trip shuttle bus will be available Tour the world of art in encyclopedic exhibits ranging from for ASOR attendees on one night during the meeting to visit ancient Greek and Egyptian art to Asian ceramics and the River Walk and downtown San Antonio. Take a ride Latin American, American, European and contemporary on a River Boat or simply walk the shops and restaurants art. Mention that you are attending ASOR and receive a $2 stretching through downtown and beyond. discount on admission.

4 9

The Rim Shopping Center The Witte Museum

Just minutes away from La Cantera Resort, the Rim offers One of the city’s most popular museums, the Witte Museum shopping, dining and entertainment for the entire family. is primarily devoted to science and natural history, with wonderful children’s exhibits and stellar traveling exhibits 5 from around the world, but also boasts the best early Texas art collection in the state and more than 300,000 artifacts in The San Antonio Missions the collection.

The five San Antonio Missions, including The Alamo 10 (Mission San Antonio de Valero), have been named a World Heritage Site by the United Nations Educational, Scientific Hemisfair and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). The missions are the first World Heritage Site in Texas and 1 of only 23 sites in This 15-acre urban retreat with strolling paths has something the United States. Located 20 minutes from the resort in the for everyone. Highlights include a children’s Magik Theatre, heart of downtown San Antonio, this is a must-see historical a playground built like a fortress, cascading waterfalls site. and diversions such as the Institute of Texan Cultures, the Instituto Cultural de México and the 750-foot tall Tower of the Americas.

58 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

Looking Ahead to the 2017 Annual Meeting (Boston, MA—November 15–18, 2017)

For the 2017 Annual Meeting, our Academic Program will 4. Posters: The Poster Session (“Projects on Parade”) offers a continue to provide four ways to present and discuss your research less formal venue for ASOR members to “get the word out” about and discoveries: standing ASOR sessions, member-organized their research and also provides student and junior members an sessions, workshops, and posters. opportunity for greater involvement in the program of the ASOR 1. ASOR Sessions: These are standing sessions representing the Annual Meeting. major temporal, regional, and disciplinary areas represented by We encourage all members to contribute to the 2017 Annual ASOR. They provide a framework to support individual paper Meeting’s academic program and welcome new Member- submissions. A list of ASOR sessions is below and also on our Organized Session and Workshop proposals, as well as individual website (http://www.asor.org/am/2017/approved.html). paper submissions. Please keep in mind the following deadlines: 2. Member-Organized Sessions: These are sessions organized by ASOR Members who wish to explore a special topic or theme New Member-Organized Session proposals December 15, 2016 at the Annual Meeting for a term of one to three years. A list of and new Workshop Session proposals due sessions already approved for 2017 is below, and all members are Deadline for abstract submission for invited to propose sessions through a simple application on our those wishing to participate in sessions February 15, 2017 website (http://www.asor.org/am/index.html). and workshops at the 2017 ASOR Annual 3. Member-Organized Workshops: Workshops are interactive Meeting ASOR office emails official acceptance/ sessions organized by members around a tightly focused topic April 15, 2017 or theme or around an archaeological site; in these, formal rejection notice to presenters presentations and/or demonstrations are kept to a minimum in Proposals for Projects on Parade Poster August 1, 2017 favor of open discussion between session chairs, presenters, and Session due members of the audience.

Standing ASOR Sessions Archaeology of the Natural Environment: Reports on Current Excavations: ASOR Ancient Inscriptions Archaeobotany and Zooarchaeology in the Affiliated Near East Archaeology and Biblical Studies Reports on Current Excavations: Non- Archaeology of the Near East: Bronze and ASOR Affiliated Archaeology of Anatolia Iron Ages Technology in Archaeology: Recent Work Archaeology of Arabia Archaeology of the Near East: The in the Archaeological Sciences Classical Periods Archaeology of the Black Sea and the Theoretical and Anthropological Caucasus Archaeology of the Southern Levant Approaches to the Near East Archaeology of the Byzantine Near East Archaeology of Syria Member-Organized Sessions currently approved for the 2017 Annual Meeting Archaeology of Cyprus Art Historical Approaches to the Near East Ancient Texts and Modern Photographic Archaeology of Egypt Bioarchaeology in the Near East and Digital Technologies Archaeology of Iran Cultural Heritage Management: Methods, Archaeologists Engaging Global Practices, and Case Studies Archaeology of Islamic Society Challenges Gender in the Ancient Near East Archaeology of Israel Career Options for ASOR Members: The GIS and Remote Sensing in Archaeology Academy and Beyond Archaeology of Jordan History of Archaeology Developing Isotopic Investigations in the Archaeology of Lebanon Ancient Near East and Caucasus Maritime Archaeology Archaeology of Mesopotamia New Light on Persian Period Judah: The Myth, History, and Archaeology Archaeological Perspective Prehistoric Archaeology

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 59 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

60 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas Fiscal Year 2016 Honor Roll Contributor ($100 - $249) George and Peggy Ackerman John Dan Joseph P. Healey Thomas R. Pickering Matthew J. Adams Stevan Dana Eric Henderson Steve Pigott Vernon F. Appleby John Darst Merilyn Phillips Hodgson Raju Rajan William S. Andreas Bert de Vries Jayne Hollander M. Barbara Reeves Rami Arav Ruth E. Denault Thomas Hoyt Johannes Renz Susan Arter Kenneth M. Diable Herbert B. Huffmon Austin Ritterspach Michael Banyai Manfried Dietrich Charles Ellwood Jones Norma Ritterspach Laird Barber Leslie and F.W. James F. Joyner III Robert H. Saunders Eve Barsoum Dobbs-Allsopp John I. Kampen Margaret Schaar Thomas Bays Andrea Dudek KDI Capital Partners Jewish Community Federation Dianne Benton Anne M. Dunn Edward Koskie (Marian Scheuer) Andrea Berlin Catherine Duff Stephen Kraft Wolfhart K. Schubach Mildred Bilt Geoff Emberling Nancy L. Lapp Thomas Schneider Lee Biondi Jane DeRose Evans Frederick Lauritsen Carol and Ryland Scott Gary Bingham Brian Facemire Jennifer Lile Lee R. Seeman Andrew P. Bridges Helen Fernandez Jesse and JoAnn Long Kathryn Simonsen Nancy Bryant Marjorie M. Fisher Charles Marlin Gary N. Smith Wilfred F. Bunge Catherine Foster Vincent E. Mauer Herbert Stetzenmeyer Cynthia Ruth Burdge Steven J. Garfinkle Andrew McCarthy Michele Stillinger Wallace S. Cameron Howard and Ann Garton Sheila E. McGinn Dwight Tawney Charles E. Carter Robert Gauld Sandy Mermelstein Edward Thomas Elizabeth F. Carter Barry Gittlen Sid and Joan Morris James T. Turner Emily Chai Richard C. Godfrey Donald W. Morrison Stephen Von Wyrick James H. Charlesworth Angela Goodwin Robert Morse Carolyn Waldron Miriam Chernoff Claire Gottlieb Robert Christian Motts Linda Wall Paul Chovanec Morris Golik Robert Mullins James L. Walker Douglas Clark Alison Acker Gruseke Scott Newling Joseph J. Weinstein Victoria Clayton Philippa, Jock, Jouisa George Nickelsburg Christopher White Kay Granberry Clements and Honor Guthrie David G. Norris Susan Lintz Williams Margaret Cohen Carl Guzzo Marek Olszewski Robert R. Wilson Dan P. Cole Robert Haak Nassos Papalexandrou James C. Wright Joseph Coleson Edward Hanlon Sarah Parcak Randall Younker Karen B. Cooper W. Benson Harer Paige and Dorothy Patterson Richard L. Zettler Chris Craig Melissa Haury Henry Curtis Pelgrift Mark Ziese Sidnie White Crawford Jacqueline Haynes Kevin Perrotta Frank Zindler

Donor (up to $100) Randy Lee Akers Marilyn Crowell Stephen Jervey Jennifer Ramsay Bjorn Anderson Erin Darby Lillian B. Joyce John Rinks Nathanael Andrade Robert Darby Debra C. Kalodner Christopher A. Rollston Jillian Aristegui Aaron Demsky Dylan Karges Jonathan Rosenbaum Brenda Baker J. P. Dessel Ruth E. Kent William Schniedewind Elise Balcom Jennie Ebeling Manfred Krebernik Alan Simmons Adam Bean Gil Elgez Andrey Laptev Michael R. Simone Andrew Benson William W. Ellinger Alina Levy Joseph Smolik Robert Bewley Gregory Estey Christopher T. Mansfield Magnus Solberg Sandra Blakely Jeanne Evans Jack Marth Paulette and Gerry Stewart Rev. Fr. Alan E. Bower Paul Flesher Robert Matteo Theodore Swanson Phillip Caddell Pamela Gaber Laura Mazow Aldo Tamburrino Edward Campbell Denise L. Gold P. Kyle McCarter Herbert Unger Mervyn Carson Henri L. Goulet Charles Metcalf Matthew Vincent Christopher Carr Samuel Greengus Dottie Middleton Richard E. Whitaker Mark Alan Chancey Jonathan Greer Bart Nadeau Donald Whitcomb James Chandler Elizabeth C. Hanigan Maureen Obrien Eric Welch W. Malcolm Clark Stacy Hansen John Oleson Lynn Welton Eric H. Cline Rick Hauser Sam Oppenheim Charles Wilson Samuel Coleridge Susan Tower Hollis Laurie Pearce Howard Wiseman William Cook Ellen Porter Honnet Thomas J. Plakidas Vadim Yaport Sarah Costello Heiko Janssen Joseph Pudlo Joseph Yellin

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 61 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

ASOR ANNUAL FUND PLEDGE CARD

Fiscal Year 2017 (July 1, 2016–June 30, 2017)

How will my donation be spent?

All funds received through this appeal will support the ongoing work of ASOR. This work includes ASOR’s journals and books, the archives, scholarships for fieldwork and the Annual Meeting, support of standing committees, the Annual Meeting, the Friends of ASOR Initiative, and our Cultural Heritage Initiatives. You may also designate your donation to support a specific program area. If you are not making a gift today, your pledge will help us with our careful planning for this fiscal year.

I would like to make the following gift or pledge:

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You may also e-mail a pledge to Selma Omerefendic at [email protected].

62 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

2016 FELLOWSHIP RECIPIENTS

Despite continuing challenges presented by the tough economic climate, ASOR has once again maintained our commitment to providing fellowships for students and scholars. This year, we awarded $82,700 to ASOR affiliates participating in archaeological fieldwork projects and to colleagues attending the ASOR Annual Meeting. ASOR’s donors played a crucial role in making sure that these important fellowships could be given. The feedback that we have received from students indicates that these funds make the difference in their plans. We were amazed by how many of them told us that they would not be able to participate in a field season or the Annual Meeting without an ASOR fellowship.

Once again, the 2016–2017 academic year appears to be a challenging one in terms of grant funding, so the generous contributions of donors will be greatly appreciated. Please contact ASOR Executive Director, Andy Vaughn, if you would like more information on how you can help fund a fellowship.

Eric and Carol Meyers Fellowship Recipients Sheeler Fellowship Recipients Caitlin Clerkin, University of Michigan Geoffrey Ludvik, University of Wisconsin-Madison Andrea Creel, University of California, Berkeley Shirlee Meyers/G. Ernest Wright Fellowship Recipients Harris Grant Recipients Andrew Farinholt Ward, New York University Suzanne Richard, Gannon University Josephine Verduci, University of Melbourne Jennifer Gates-Foster, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Strange and Midkiff Families Fellowship Recipient Kirstin Rosae-Bean, Duke University Heritage Fellowship Recipients Denise Flanders, Fuller Theological Seminary William G. Dever Fellowship for Biblical Scholars Recipient Kathleen Forste, Boston University Jill Marshall, Wingate University

Member-Supported Fellowship Recipients 2016 Annual Meeting Scholarship Recipients: Trisha Broy, Andrews University Amy Cromartie, Cornell University The Foundation for Biblical Archaeology Grant Recipients Amanda Gaggioli, Cornell University Irene Chiramova, Yale Divinity School Elizabeth Kunz, University of Evansville Brandy Forrest, Trinity Southwest University Akacia Propst, East Carolina University Stephanie Grant, University of North Carolina at Chapel Matthew Winter, University of Arizona Hill Vanessa Juloux, Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes P. E. MacAllister Fellowship Recipients Nitsan Shalom, Tel Aviv University Chelsea Cole, Cornell University Darra Stuart, University of Kansas Rachel Kalisher, New York University Kristina Reed, La Sierra University Student Travel Grant Recipients Dawn Acevedo, La Sierra University Platt Fellowship Recipients Caroline Joan Arbuckle MacLeod, UCLA Louise Bertini, American University in Cairo Catherine Bonesho, University of Wisconsin Florencia Fustinoni, University of British Columbia Petra Creamer, University of Pennsylvania Kellen Hope, Emory University Kathleen Forste, Boston University Anna Kim, Andrews University Amber Hutchinson, University of Toronto Gabryel McBaine, North Carolina State University Dylan Karges, Mississippi State University Kathryn McBride, Brown University Vivian Laughlin, Andrews University Jacob Moody, Andrews University Samantha Lindgren, Johns Hopkins University Daniel Schindler, University of North Carolina at Chapel Emily Wilson, University of Chicago Hill

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 63 penn state university press

MOSAICS OF FAITH Rina Talgam

This monumental work provides a comprehensive analytical history of the Hellenistic, Roman, Byzantine, Umayyad, and Early Abbasid mosaics in the Holy Land, spanning the second century B.C.E to the eighth century C.E. Mosaics of Faith offers an unprecedented view into the evolution of floor decorations from the Hellenistic to the Roman periods, in the transition from Roman to Early Byzantine art, and in the persistence of Byzantine traditions under Umayyad rule.

728 pages | 360 color/144 b&w illustrations ISBN 978-0-271-06084-2 | cloth: $129.95 Co-published with Yad Yitzhak Ben-Zvi Institute, Jerusalem

JOURNAL OF EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN ARCHAEOLOGY AND HERITAGE STUDIES Ann E. Killebrew and Sandra A. Scham, Editors

The Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology and Heritage Studies (JEMAHS) is a peer-reviewed journal devoted to traditional, anthropological, social, and applied archaeologies of the Eastern Mediterranean, encompassing both prehistoric and historic periods.

ISSN 2166-35481 | E-ISSN 2166-3556 Quarterly | Available in print or online

www.psupress.org 820 N. University Drive, USB 1, Suite C, University Park, PA 16802 | [email protected] | 1-800-326-9180 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas 2015 Honors & Awards The following awards were presented at ASOR’s 2015 Annual Meeting in Atlanta.



The Charles U. Harris Service Award The P. E. MacAllister Field Archaeology Award Stevan Dana P. M. Michèle Daviau

ASOR Membership Service Award The Frank Moore Cross Award Orlyn Nelson Eugene Ulrich for The Dead Sea Scrolls and the Developmental Joseph Greene Composition of the Bible (Brill) Lynn Swartz Dodd The Nancy Lapp Popular Book Award The W. F. Albright Service Award (ACOR) Jacob L. Wright for David, King of Israel, and Caleb in Biblical Mohammed Adawi Memory (Cambridge University Press)

The W. F. Albright Service Award (AIAR) The G. Ernest Wright Award J. P. Dessel A. Asa Eger for The Islamic-Byzantine Frontier: Interaction and Exchange Among Muslim and Christian Communities (I.B. Tauris) The W. F. Albright Service Award (Baghdad Committee) Marian Feldman The Joy Ungerleider Poster Award Petra Creamer for “The Apotropaic Nature of Old Babylonian The W. F. Albright Service Award (CAARI) Terracotta Plaques” Annemarie Weyl-Carr

Descriptions of the Honors and Awards

The Richard J. Scheuer Medal. This award honors an individual who has provided truly outstanding, long-term support and service contributions to ASOR. This medal is awarded when such an individual is identified. The Charles U. Harris Service Award. This award is given in recognition of long-term and/or special service as an ASOR officer or Trustee. One award is given annually. The P. E. MacAllister Field Archaeology Award. This award honors an archaeologist who, during his/her career, has made outstanding contributions to ancient Near Eastern and Eastern Mediterranean archaeology. One award is given annually. The W. F. Albright Award. This award honors an individual who has shown special support or made outstanding service contributions to one of the overseas centers, ACOR, AIAR, CAARI, or to one of the overseas committees—the Baghdad Committee and the Damascus Committee. This award is given when such an individual is identified. ASOR Membership Service Award. This award recognizes individuals who have made special contributions on behalf of the ASOR membership, through committee, editorial, or office services. Up to three awards are given annually. The Frank Moore Cross Award. This award is presented to the editor/author of the most substantial volume(s) related to one of the following categories: a) the history and/or religion of ancient Israel; b) ancient Near Eastern and eastern Mediterranean epigraphy; c) textual studies on the Hebrew Bible; or d) comparative studies of the Hebrew Bible and ancient Near Eastern literature. This work must be the result of original research published during the past two years. One award given annually. The Nancy Lapp Popular Book Award. This award is presented to the author/editor of a book published in the last two years that offers a new synthesis of archaeological data intended to reach an audience of scholars as well as students and the broader public. One award is given annually. The G. Ernest Wright Award. This award is given to the editor/author of the most substantial volume(s) dealing with archaeological material, excavation reports, and material culture from the ancient Near East and eastern Mediterranean. This work must be the result of original research published within the past two years. One award is given annually. The Joy Ungerleider Poster Award. This award is conferred upon the author(s) of the poster presenting the results of a study about ancient Near Eastern societies in a clear, legible fashion using original graphic content. Subject matter may be based in archaeological sciences, history, anthropology, epigraphy, ethnography, heritage, or other scholarly approaches to understanding ancient people in the areas covered by ASOR. One award is given annually.

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 65 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

ACOR Jordanian Travel Scholarships for the ASOR Annual Meetings n 2010, ACOR initiated this scholarship opportunity to encourage Jordanian scholars to attend the ASOR Annual Meeting. ACOR offers two travel scholarships of $3,500 each to assist Jordanians planning to deliver a paper. Each award is intended to cover the ASOR annual membership fee, Iregistration fee for the Annual Meeting, cost of US visa, international airfare from Jordan, and hotel accommodations. Abstracts should be submitted to ASOR by February 15, 2017. It is recommended that session chairs be consulted if appropriate. Contact Britta Abeln ([email protected]) for assistance in the application process.

Recipients of the ACOR Jordanian Travel Scholarship for the ASOR 2016 Annual Meeting in San Antonio are:

Hussein Al-Sababha (Bonn University and Yarmouk University), “Islamic Pottery and its Distribution in Agricultural Fields as a Marker of Land Use Throughout the Islamic Period in Northern Jordan,” Archaeology of Islamic Society, Session 3F

Husam Hjazeen (Department of Antiquities of Jordan), “Hercules Temple (Great Temple of Amman) Marcus Aurelius time (A.D. 161–166),” Archaeology of Jordan II: Ritual Practices in Ancient Jordan, Session 6G

Outstanding Scholarship From Cambridge De Giorgi De Emberling From late fourth century BC Seleucid enclave to capital of the Roman east, At a time when archaeology has turned away from questions of the long- Antioch on the Orontes was one of the greatest cities of antiquity and served as term and large scale, this collection of essays reflects on some of the big a hinge between east and west. This book draws on a century of archaeological questions in archaeology and ancient history — how and why societies have Ancient Antioch fieldwork to offer a new narrative of Antioch’s origins and growth, as well as its Social Theory in Archaeology The Archaeology of Urbanism grown in scale and complexity, how they have maintained and discarded resilience, civic pride, and economic opportunism. Situating the urban nucleus in Social Theory in

the context of the rural landscape, this book integrates hitherto divorced cultural Ancient Antioch aspects of their own cultural heritage, and how they have collapsed. In

basins, including the Amuq Valley and the Massif Calcaire. It also brings into addressing these long-standing questions of broad interest and importance, History Ancient and TheorySocial in Archaeology Archaeology and focus the archaeological data, thus proposing a concrete interpretative framework the authors develop counternarratives — new ways of understanding what that, grounded in the monuments of Antioch, enables the reader to move beyond Ancient Antioch used to be termed “cultural evolution.” In essays that encompass the Middle Ancient History text-based reconstructions of the city’s history. Finally, it considers the interaction East and Egypt, India, Southeast Asia, Australia, the American Southwest, From the Seleucid Era to betweenthe the environment and the peopleIslamic of the city who shaped this region and From the Seleucid Era and Mesoamerica, the fourteen essays offer perspectives on long-term The Present and Future of forged a distinct identity within the broader Greco-Roman world. and Ancient History in Ancient Egypt cultural trajectories; on cities, states and empires; on collapse; and on the to the Islamic Conquest relationship between archaeology and history. The book concludes with Counternarratives a commentary by one of the major voices in archaeological theory, ANDREA U. DE GIORGI is an assistant professor in the classics department Norman Yoffee. at Florida State University. De Giorgi is an experienced field archaeologist who Andrea U. De Giorgi Edited by Geoff Emberling Conquest has worked on ancient urbanism in Syria, Jordan, United Arab Emirates, Cyprus, and, not least, Turkey; he currently codirects the Cosa Excavations in Italy. He has The Present and Future of From the Predynastic Period to received various accolades from the Thyssen Foundation, Loeb Foundation, Kress GEOFF EMBERLING is Assistant Research Scientist at the Kelsey Foundation, DAI, Berliner Antike-Kolleg, and the Whiting Foundation, among Museum of Archaeology at the University of Michigan. He has held others. positions as Museum Director and Chief Curator at the Oriental Institute at the University of Chicago and as Assistant Curator in the Department of Ancient Near Eastern Art of the Metropolitan Museum of Art. He has Andrea U. De Giorgi Counternarratives directed archaeological fieldwork at Tell Brak in northeastern Syria, in the the End of the Middle Kingdom Fourth Cataract region of northern Sudan, and is currently excavating at El Kurru, also in northern Sudan. Edited by Geoff Emberling Nadine Moeller Printed in the United States of America Cover image: Spiral minaret of the Great Printed in the United Kingdom Cover image: Personification of the River Mosque (Jami al-Kabir), Samarra, Iraq, Middle Tigris, late 2nd/3rd Century AD (mosaic). East. © imageBROKER / Alamy. Detroit Institute of Arts, USA Founders Society purchase, General Membership Fund/ Bridgeman Images. Muhs

This book is the first economic history of ancient Egypt covering the entire magness JulIAn Henderson “A lucid treatment of the fascinating millennium from the fall of Solomon’s pharaonic period, 3000–30 BCE, and employing a New Institutional Economics The Ancient The Archaeology of thetemple to the Muslim conquest, as reflected in material remains. Magness deftly approach. It argues that the ancient Egyptian state encouraged an increasingly The Archaeology deploys scattered evidence, from palaces to pottery, to bring each period to

NOW IN PAPERBACK.. widespread and sophisticated use of writing through time, primarily in order to Economy Egyptian Ancient The detailed life. Beautifully illustrated, clearly written – this satisfying book will better document and more efficiently exact taxes for redistribution. The increased Ancient serve scholars, students, and general readers.” of the Holy Land use of writing, however, also resulted in increased documentation and enforcement – Andrea M. Berlin, Boston University of private property titles and transfers, gradually lowering their transaction costs The Archaeology of the Holy Land from the destruction of solomon’s temple to relative to redistribution. The book also argues that the increasing use of silver as the muslim conquest GlAss “Spectacular! This is the book for which we have been waiting – an accessible a unified measure of value, medium of exchange, and store of wealth also lowered The Ancient Egyptian Economy transaction costs for high value exchanges. The increasing use of silver in turn Holy Land introduction to the second half of archaeology and history in the Holy Land, A n I nterdIscIplInAry e xplorAtIon allowed the state to exact transfer taxes in silver, provided it with an economic Egyptian Economy from the destruction of Jerusalem and Solomon’s Temple in 586 BCE to the incentive to further document and enforce private property titles and transfers. Muslim Conquest in 640 CE and beyond. Well written, detailed, and extremely Jodi Magness 3000–30 BCE interesting, Magness’s book is a pleasure to read and reread. It will be an instant Ancient Glass Brian Muhs is Associate Professor of Egyptology at the Oriental Institute and classic, destined to be on every scholar’s bookshelf and read by undergraduates, the Department of Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at the University of graduate students, and the general public alike for decades to come.” Chicago. He studies the history of ancient Egyptian social, economic, and legal Brian Muhs – Eric H. Cline, The George Washington University 3000–30 BCE institutions, particularly during the transition from pharaonic to Ptolemaic and From the Destruction of Solomon’s Roman rule, and has published two books on taxation in Ptolemaic Egypt, and “Magness has produced an outstanding overview of the archaeology of ancient numerous articles. Palestine, with an emphasis on Jewish and Christian remains from the late An Interdisciplinary Exploration Second Temple and Byzantine periods. Her presentation is lucid and engaging, includes recent finds, and is enriched by quality illustrations – an ideal study tool for introductory courses.” Temple to the Muslim Conquest – Lee I. Levine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

Brian Muhs “Jodi Magness has given students, scholars, and general readers a superb entrée into the archaeology, history, and cultures of the Holy Land from 586 BCE to 640 CE, with special focus on the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods. Julian Henderson Her introduction synthesizes a vast array of archaeological and textual evidence, which she presents with pellucid prose and copious illustrations. It is a stunning achievement!” Jodi Magness – Lawrence E. Stager, Harvard University

Printed in the United Kingdom Jacket illustration: Filling jars with wine in the Tomb of Petosiris, Tuna el-Gebel, Egypt, c. 300 BCE. Photo: Robert K. Ritner, 1988. Cover image: The Khazneh, a first-century BCE–first-century CE tomb at Petra in Jordan. Photograph: © 2012 Jim Haberman

Cover design by Holly Johnson

Cambridge World Archaeology Harrower Water Histories and This book offers a new interpretation of the spatial–political– Ritual, Performance, and The Archaeology of environmental dynamics of water and irrigation in long-term histories of arid regions. It compares ancient Southwest Arabia (3500 BC–AD the ArchAeology of 600) with the American West (2000 BC–AD 1950) in global context to Water Histories Ritual, Performance, illustrate similarities and differences among environmental, cultural, Prehistoric ArAbiA political, and religious dynamics of water. It combines archaeological

Spatial Archaeology Spatial Water Histories and and Spatial and Politics Adaptation and Social Formation from exploration and field studies of farming in Yemen with social theory and spatial technologies, including satellite imagery, Global Positioning System the Neolithic to the Iron Age Spatial Archaeology Archaeology in the Ancient Near East Prehistoric Arabia (GPS), and Geographic Information Systems (GIS) mapping. In both Politics in the Ancient Near ancient Yemen and the American West, agricultural production focused Ancient Yemen and the lauren ristvet Peter Magee not where rain-fed agriculture was possible, but in hyper-arid areas where massive state-constructed irrigation schemes politically and ideologically American West validated state sovereignty. While shaped by profound differences and contingencies, ancient Yemen and the American West are mutually Michael J. Harrower Adaptation and Social Formation Ancient Yemen and the informative in clarifying human geographies of water that are important to understandings of America, Arabia, and contemporary conflicts between East civilizations deemed East and West.

Michael J. Harrower is Assistant Professor of Archaeology in the American West Department of Near Eastern Studies, Johns Hopkins University and has from the Neolithic to the Iron Age over fifteen years of archaeological experience exploring the remote desert- highlands of Ethiopia, Jordan, Yemen, and Oman. He is a leading expert in spatial technologies, and is co-editor, with Douglas C. Comer, of Mapping Lauren Ristvet Archaeological Landscapes from Space (2013). Peter Magee Michael J. Harrower

Printed in the United States of America Jacket image: Spring water (ghayl) irrigation along Wadi Idm, Hadramawt, Yemen. Photo by Cambridge World Archaeology the author.

Follow@CambUP us on Twitter: _Archaeo www.facebook.com/CambridgeHCA twitter.com/cambUP_music For*prices orders subject to please change use promo code 95987

66 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

2017 ASOR ANNUAL MEETING REGISTR ATION NOVEMBER 15-18 • Boston, Massachusetts Register online by following the links at www.asor.org

❏ Please check this box if you are attending the Annual Meeting for the first time. Last Name ______First Name ______Institution (for name badge) ______Mailing Address ______City ______State _____ Postal Code ______Country ______Home Tel. ______Work Tel. ______Fax No. ______Email ______

REGISTRATION FEE [circle appropriate dollar amount]: ASOR membership must be current to receive the member rate. EARLY BIRD SUPERSAVER ADVANCE ON-SITE (Nov. 16 – Apr. 7) (Apr. 8 – Sept. 29) (Sept. 30 – Nov. 7) Member $185 $225 $275 $325 Non-Member * $245 $285 $335 $385 Student Member $100 $140 $19 0 $240 Student at ASOR Member School $95 $135 $185 $235 Spouse/Partner ** $160 $200 $250 $300 ❏ Please check th is box if you are presenting a paper. Notes: Paper presenters must be registered as a professional, retired or student member. Scholarships may be available for retired and student members. Please email [email protected]. *Rate includes an Associate membership with ASOR. **Rate only applicable if spouse/partner and member register on the same form.

Spouse/Partner name: ______S/P institution: ______

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ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 67 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

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ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 69 EXPLORE JOURNALS FROM CHICAGO

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Institutional Members of the American Schools of Oriental Research

Andrews University The Ohio State University Asbury Theological Seminary Pepperdine University Austin Presbyterian Theological Seminary Pittsburgh Theological Seminary Boston College Princeton Theological Seminary Boston University Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary in Virginia Brigham Young University Southern Adventist University Brown University Southern Methodist University, Perkins School of Theology Bryn Mawr College Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary Calvin College and Seminary Trinity College Carroll University Trinity Evangelical Divinity School Catholic University of America University of Arizona Christian Theological Seminary University of Arkansas, King Fahd Center for Middle East & Cobb Institute of Archaeology, Mississippi State University Islamic Studies Concordia Lutheran Seminary University of British Columbia Cornell University University of California, Los Angeles (see Cotsen Institute) Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, UCLA University of California, San Diego, Judaic Studies Program Dartmouth College University of Chicago Drew University University of Cincinnati Duke University University of the Holy Land Dumbarton Oaks University of La Verne Emmanuel Christian Seminary University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Emory University University of Michigan Fuller Theological Seminary University of Missouri, Columbia Gannon University University of Nebraska, Omaha George Washington University University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill Golden Gate Baptist Theological Seminary University of Notre Dame Harvard University, Semitic Museum University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Hebrew Union College Anthropology John Carroll University University of Tennessee The Johns Hopkins University University of Toronto La Sierra University University of Victoria Loyola Marymount University University of Wisconsin- Madison Lycoming College Valparaiso University Metropolitan Museum of Art Vanderbilt University Divinity School Mississippi State University (see Cobb Institute) Wake Forest University Missouri State University Wellesley College New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary Wilfrid Laurier University New York University Willamette University North Carolina State University Yale Divinity School

72 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

ASOR Staff Andrew G. Vaughn [email protected] 617-353-6574 Contact Us: Executive Director Selma Omerefendic [email protected] 617-353-6572 ASOR Office Assistant Director and Financial Administrator Located at Boston University Britta Abeln 656 Beacon St., 5th Floor [email protected] 617-353-6570 Assistant to the Director Boston MA, 02215-2010 Kaitlynn Anderson [email protected] 617-358-4376 Digital Media Specialist Tel: 617-353-6570 Aviva Cormier [email protected] 617-358-4376 Fax: 617-353-6575 Publications Assistant and Membership Specialist Email: [email protected] Inda Omerefendic [email protected] 617-358-4376 Publications and Fulfillment Manager Arlene Press [email protected] 857-272-2506 Programs and Events Manager Cynthia Rufo [email protected] 617-358-4428 Archivist and Website Manager

ASOR Cultural Heritage Initiatives

Michael Danti Principal Investigator and Academic Director [email protected] Andrew G. Vaughn Principal Investigator and Administrative Director [email protected] Principal Investigator for Geospatial Inventories and Arches Scott Branting [email protected] Development Susan Kane Principal Investigator for Cultural Heritage Projects [email protected] Susan Penacho Project Manager for Geospatial Initiatives [email protected] Will Raynolds Project Manager for Cultural Heritage Projects Jared Koller Manager for Data Management and Web Development [email protected] Project Coordinator and Monitoring, Reporting, and Fact-Finding Marina Gabriel [email protected] Coordinator Allison Cuneo Project Contractor for Cultural Heritage Projects [email protected] Project Contractor for Cultural Heritage Planning and Bijan Rouhani [email protected] Preservation Ali Yasin Jabouri Project Contractor for Cultural Heritage Projects Anthony Lauricella Geospatial Analyst Kyra Kaercher Danny Breegi Research Assistant Marshall Schurtz

For questions about the ASOR Cultural Heritages Initiatives, email [email protected] or call 617-353-6576.

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 73 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting ASOR Board of Trustees

OFFICERS LIFE TRUSTEE

Richard Coffman, Chairman of the Board (until December 31, P. E. MacAllister 2019) Susan Ackerman, President (until December 31, 2019) P. E. MacAllister, Chairman of the Board, Emeritus OVERSEAS INSTITUTE TRUSTEES Andy Vaughn, Executive Director (until June 30, 2019) Sharon Herbert, Vice President (until December 31, 2018) J. P. Dessel, AIAR Tim Harrison, Past President (until December 31, 2019) Øystein LaBianca, ACOR Lynn Swartz Dodd, Secretary (until December 31, 2018) F. Bryan Wilkins, CAARI Christopher White, Treasurer (until December 31, 2017) HONORARY TRUSTEES TRUSTEE CLASSES Norma Kershaw C. C. Lamberg-Karlovsky CLASS OF 2016 (through 12/31/16) Elizabeth Moynihan Lydie Shufro Rachel Hallote (Individual member) Gough Thompson, Jr. Hanan Charaf (Individual member) Michael Hasel (Institutional member) Steven Ortiz (Institutional member) Sheila Bishop (Board member) Vivian Bull (Board member) Lawrence T. Geraty (Board member) Robert A. Oden, Jr. (Board member) The Context CLASS OF 2017 (through 12/31/17) of Scripture, Rami Arav (Individual member) Theodore Burgh (Individual member) Joseph Greene (Institutional member) Volume 4 Carol Meyers (Institutional member) Peggy Duly (Board member) Susan Laden (Board member) Supplements W. Mark Lanier (Board member) Joe D. Seger (Board member) Edited by K.Lawson Younger Jr.

CLASS OF 2018 (through 12/31/18)

Jane DeRose Evans (Individual member) Ann-Marie Knoblauch (Individual member) J. Edward Wright (Institutional member) Jeffrey Blakely (Institutional member) · October 2016 Peyton Randolph Helm (Board member) · ISBN 978 90 04 16674 5 Eric M. Meyers (Board member) · Hardback James F. Strange (Board member) · List price EUR 152.- / B. W. Ruffner (Board member) US$ 170.- · Also available online at brill.com/cso

74 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas ASOR Committees EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE COMMITTEE ON THE ASOR POLICY ON PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT Richard Coffman, Chairman of the Board (until December 31, 2019) Susan Ackerman, President (until December 31, 2019) Timothy P. Harrision, Chair Andy Vaughn, Executive Director (nonvoting; until June 30, 2019) Joseph Greene (at-large board member) Sharon Herbert, Vice President (until December 31, 2018) Carol Meyers (at-large board member) Tim Harrison, Past President (until December 31, 2019) Lynn Swartz Dodd, Secretary (until December 31, 2018) COMMITTEE ON ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH Christopher White, Treasurer (until December 31, 2017) AND POLICY (CAP) Ex officio: J. Edward Wright (Chair of Development Committee; until December 31, 2018) Thomas E. Levy, Chair At large: Ann-Marie Knoblauch (until December 31, 2018) Class of 2016 At large: Eric Meyers (until December 31, 2018) Levent Atici At large: Joe D. Seger (until December 31, 2017) Doug Clark Lynn Swartz Dodd Jack Green CHAIRS COORDINATING COUNCIL (CCC) Sarah Whitcher Kansa Sharon Herbert, ASOR Vice President and Chair of the CCC Daniel Master Susan Ackerman, ASOR President James Osborne Erin Darby, Co-Chair of the Junior Scholars Committee Lauren Ristvet Robert Darby, Co-Chair of the Junior Scholars Committee Yorke Rowan Geoff Emberling, Co-Chair of the Annual Meeting Program Committee Class of 2017 Danielle Fatkin, Co-Chair of the Annual Meeting Program Committee Andrew Smith II Charles Jones, Chair of the Publications Committee Philip Graham Thomas Levy, Chair of the Committee on Archaeological Research and April Nowell Policy Kathryn Gleason Laura Mazow, Chair of the Honors and Awards Committee Class of 2018 Randall Younker, Chair of the Membership and Outreach Committee Kathryn Grossman Andy Vaughn, ASOR Executive Director (ex officio, nonvoting) Tim Harrison Directors of Overseas Research Centers Michael Harrower Matthew Adams (AIAR) Neil G. Smith Andrew McCarthy (CAARI) Ex Officio Barbara Porter (ACOR) Susan Ackerman (ASOR President) Matthew Adams (AIAR Executive Director) Jesse Casana (Damascus Committee Chair) ANNUAL MEETING PROGRAM COMMITTEE Marian Feldman (Baghdad Committee Chair) David Graf (Saudia Arabia Committee) Geoff Emberling (until December 31, 2016) and Danielle Fatkin (until Andrew McCarthy (CAARI Executive Director) December 31, 2016), Co-Chairs Barbara Porter (ACOR Executive Director) Class of 2016 B.W. Ruffner (ASOR Board Representative) A. Asa Eger Steven Savage (GIS Consultant) Stephanie Langin-Hooper Andy Vaughn (ASOR Executive Director) Class of 2017 Alexander Nagel CAP FELLOWSHIP COMMITTEE Casey Elledge Jonathan Rosenbaum Lynn Swartz Dodd, Chair Class of 2018 Doug Clark Bill Caraher Kathryn Grossman Helen Dixon Neil Smith David Ilan DEVELOPMENT COMMITTEE Susan Ackerman (ex officio) Andy Vaughn (ex officio, nonvoting) Ed Wright, Chair Vivian Bull Sheldon Fox Tim Harrison

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 75 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

Eric Meyers CHAIRS NOMINATIONS COMMITTEE Joe Seger Susan Ackerman (ex officio) Sharon Herbert, Chair Richard Coffman (ex officio) Charles Jones Andy Vaughn (ex officio, nonvoting) Tom Levy

FINANCE COMMITTEE OFFICERS NOMINATING COMMITTEE

Christopher White, Chair (Treasurer, until December 31, 2017) Joe Seger, Chair Susan Ackerman (President, until December 31, 2019) Vivian Bull Geoff Emberling (Co-Chair of Program Committee, until December 31, Hanan Charaf 2016) Ann-Marie Knoblauch Danielle Fatkin (Co-Chair of Program Committee, until December 31, Carol Meyers 2016) Susan Ackerman (ex officio) Charles Jones (Chair of Publications Committee, until December 31, Richard Coffman (ex officio) 2018) Andy Vaughn (ex officio, nonvoting) At-large: Jeffrey Blakely (until December 31, 2018) At-large: Vivian Bull (until December 31, 2016) NOMINATIONS COMMITTEE FOR THE BOARD At-large: Richard Coffman (until December 31, 2019) Larry Geraty, Chair At-large: Ann-Marie Knoblauch (until December 31, 2018) Rachel Hallote At-large: B. W. Ruffner (until December 31, 2018) Ann-Marie Knoblauch Selma Omerefendic (ex officio, nonvoting) Susan Ackerman (ex officio) Andy Vaughn (ex officio, nonvoting) Richard Coffman (ex officio) HONORS AND AWARDS COMMITTEE PERSONNEL COMMITTEE Laura Mazow, Chair Susan Ackerman, Chair Hanan Charaf Richard Coffman John Kampen Sharon Herbert Lauren Monroe Yorke Rowan PUBLICATIONS COMMITTEE Lynn Welton K. Lawson Younger Charles Jones, Chair Andy Vaughn (ex officio, nonvoting) Editors of ASOR Journals and Monographs Eric Cline JUNIOR SCHOLARS COMMITTEE Christopher Rollston Thomas Schneider Erin Darby, Co-Chair Piotr Michalowski Robert Darby, Co-Chair Kevin McGeough Helen Dixon, Postdoctoral Member Hanan Charaf Gabrielle Borenstein, Student Member Class of 2016 Brian Coussens, Student Member Jennie Ebeling Kyle Knabb, Student Member Bill Caraher Class of 2017 COMMITTEE ON OUTREACH AND MEMBERSHIP Sidnie White Crawford Randy Younker, Chair Patrick Alexander Gary Arbino Class of 2018 Theodore Burgh Suzanne Birch Stevan Dana Sarah Witcher Kansa Stefanie Elkins Regine Hunziker-Rodewald Susan Ackerman, ASOR President (ex officio) Vanessa Juloux Andy Vaughn, ASOR Executive Director (ex officio, nonvoting) Elisabeth Lesnes Richard Coffman (ex officio) Susan Ackerman (ex officio) Andy Vaughn (ex officio, nonvoting)

76 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

CULTURAL HERITAGE COMMITTEE

Sturt Manning, Chair WOMEN OF ASOR Jane Evans Morag Kersel • Sarah Parcak Here you can learn more about women in ASOR Brian Rose Chris Tuttle and network with other women in the field.

ASOR INITIATIVE ON THE STATUS OF WOMEN

Beth Alpert Nakhai, Chair Open House Meeting Helen Dixon of the Initiative on the Status of Women Jennie Ebeling Agnès Garcia Ventura Vanessa Juloux Beth Alpert Nakhai, Presiding Stephanie Langin-Hooper Friday, November 18 from 7:15–8:15am Emily Miller Bonney San Miguel, 3rd floor Yoko Nishimura Leann Pace Nava Panitz-Cohen Women’s Mentoring Meeting: Speed Networking Lauren Ristvet Cynthia Shafer-Elliott Saturday, November 19 from 12:45-2:00pm Saana Svärd La Cantera Ballroom, 2nd floor

BAGHDAD COMMITTEE

Steven Garfinkle, Chair Lisa Cooper Claudia Glatz Carrie Hritz Jacob Lauinger Matthew Rutz Karen Sonik Piotr Michalowski, JCS editor

DAMASCUS COMMITTEE

Jesse Casana, Chair Giorgio Buccellati Elisabeth Cooper The Women of ASOR Map is a networking resource Michael Danti for ASOR’s membership. It displays the locations Rudolph Dornemann Lidewijde de Jong of professional women members from around the Clemens Reichel globe, pinpointing the universities, museums or other Lauren Ristvet organizations where they work, and sites at which they Glenn Schwartz excavate. The map is also a resource for junior members Alexia Smith who may be looking for advisors, excavation opportunities, and inspiration for their budding careers SAUDI ARABIA COMMITTEE

David Graf, Chair Rudolph Dornemann The map is a project of the Initiative on the StatusWomen David McCreery and it can be found on the ASOR website at:

http://www.asor.org/resources/maps/index.html

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 77 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting Overseas Centers

W. F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research (AIAR)

26 Salah ed-Din Street PO Box 19096 Jerusalem 91190 ISRAEL http://www.aiar.org tel 972-2-628-8956 fax 972-2-626-4424 Director: Matthew J. Adams [email protected]

American Center of Oriental Research (ACOR)

PO Box 2470 Amman 11181 JORDAN http://www.acorjordan.org tel 962-6-534-6117 fax 962-6-534-4181 Director: Dr. Barbara A. Porter [email protected] Cyprus American Archaeological Research Institute (CAARI)

11 Andreas Demitriou St. Nicosia 1066 CYPRUS http://www.caari.org tel 357-22-456-414 fax 357-22-671-147 [email protected] Director: Dr. Andrew P. McCarthy [email protected]

78 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016

American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting Paper Abstracts

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 2016 offer in the way of training programs for our foreign colleagues and collaborators (if desired), and what are the appropriate mechanisms to do so? New technologies are essential for the future of our field, but we PLENARY ADDRESS need to consider their broader implications.

Sarah Parcak (University of Alabama at Birmingham), “Toward a 21st Century Archaeology of the Near East: Technology, Big Data, THURSDAY, NOVEMBER 17, 2016 and Citizen Science” Since 2011 and before, the archaeologists working in North Africa, the Middle East, and Mediterranean have faced unprecedented 1A. Encoding Data for Digital Collaboration challenges due to war, terrorism, looting, urbanization, and economic collapse. Some, like the Arab Spring, could not be predicted, while CHAIRS: Amy Gansell (St. John’s University) and Vanessa Juloux others, like looting, are problems that have existed since antiquity. (École Pratique des Hautes Études), Presiding Issues surrounding urbanization and land development are only Alessandro Di Ludovico (Sapienza Università di Roma), “For a going to increase as global populations expand and available land for Critical Debate about the Use of Quantitative Methods in Western development decreases. With some tensions in the aforementioned Asiatic Studies: Approaches, Concrete Targets, and Proposals” regions escalating, while others may be stopped or decrease temporarily, Digital tools and quantitative methods have been used quite the overall situation is evolving in ways that even the experts cannot late, infrequently, and unevenly in the disciplines that deal with the accurately predict. Thus, how do we, as archaeologists and subject cultures of ancient Western Asia. This paper begins with an overview matter specialists in the region, prepare for an uncertain future? of past quantitative approaches, especially in the field of figurative Many of our in-country colleagues have had their lives threatened languages, to ancient Western Asian culture, in order to examine by escalating violence and war (while some have lost their lives), and scholarly attitudes, strategies, and goals. I will then discuss the results there are countless men and women in Syria, Iraq, Libya, Egypt, and and potential of some specific approaches of current research. Lastly, elsewhere who are unsung culture heroes. This talk will suggest ways I will offer concluding reflections and outline concrete proposals for we might scale efforts already underway to support cultural heritage the future. in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), and will also suggest There are actually many reasons nowadays to revitalize the debate possible additional avenues for exploration using new and emerging about the use of quantitative research methods. In “digital humanities” technologies. research it is necessary to integrate the theoretical attitudes and concrete Multiple efforts are already underway to map cultural heritage applications of quantitative methods with the specific scientific issues destruction in the MENA region using satellite imagery. Yet, how do and approaches of each discipline. In particular for Western Asiatic we share and manage satellite data effectively and in ways that protect studies it is of great importance (considering the damages and the sites rather than encourage further looting or site destruction? The threat to the heritage occurring in the relevant countries) to recover, ethics of geospatial analytics is a new area for archaeology, and one collect, and preserve as much available data as possible. Digital tools that merits dialogue. With so many new discoveries being made, require and facilitate this effort, and often generate the positive side we want to celebrate them, while at the same time protecting sites. effect of leading scholars to reflect on their own approaches and Additional technology advances, with LIDAR, drones, and 3D site implicit assumptions. Through shared data and digital collaboration, a scanning, all offer exciting new possibilities for both site detection critical understanding and comparison of data collected and published and preservation, but methodologies and protocols are still being by different authors stimulates new perspectives and discovery. developed. Other tools like crowdsourcing could be exciting avenues to monitor sites, but have not been applied yet at a global scale. How Sveta Matskevich (University of Haifa) and Ilan Sharon (Hebrew to manage these communities so that they are engaged, informed, and University of Jerusalem), “A Conceptual Framework for empowered to make positive changes is one under intense discussion. Archaeological Data Encoding” There are many possibilities as well as pitfalls, and understanding them Archaeologists are striving to make their data digital, open, fully may assist our field in the future. and linked; in other words, they are building networks of data. To There are many avenues for supporting cultural heritage. Many benefit from encoded data sets, their structures need to be mapped of our colleagues have been actively engaged with cultural diplomacy by a metamodel that operates with general concepts instead of for the first time, whether testifying in front of Congress, the CPAC terminologies specific for each excavation or data set. committee, or assisting foreign governments. This has opened up a There are two basic approaches to excavation recording (in myriad of possibilities for public engagement. How should we as a field terms of basic excavation unit defined, and philosophy behind it) begin to prepare our graduate students for this new world? In addition, implemented in a variety of recording systems throughout the history many of us are engaged with assisting Homeland Security with their of Levantine archaeology and still today. Here we propose a conceptual efforts in stopping the illegal importation of antiquities. Should meta-model that can accommodate these seemingly incompatible more of us be engaged? On an international level, what more can we

80 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

approaches. The theoretical principles behind this model allow for a of archaeological data, often through attempts to establish data high level of flexibility within the structure. We defined a fundamental “standards,” which has proven relatively unfruitful. Furthermore, entity: the interpretation event. Three higher-level entities (or basic as highly atomized, item-based data structures come to replace the types of interpretive units) derive from it: spatial (locational) units, traditional relational data model often utilized by archaeologists, it has finds (or samples), and relations. Each entity may have any number of become apparent that a data standard is not necessary as long as our attributes and be grouped into classes (context, assemblage, scenario). data ontologies remain appropriately abstract (i.e., highly itemized). As a pilot study, the model was applied to legacy and recently In doing so, we can conceive of DBMS not as simple repositories of acquired excavation data sets from locus- and spit-based recording data, but as analytical environments in their own right, wherein lies systems that use either forms or diaries for managing their field the potential for not only the accumulation, but the construction records. The result is a graph database that integrates these different and contestation of knowledge from archaeological data (Knowledge records while preserving their original attributes unique for each Discovery from Archaeological Data [KDAD]). excavation. The model can be used as a basis for archaeological data Following a brief excursus into the phenomenon of data mining networks that aggregate diverse resources such as digital publication and its implications within the discipline, this paper will focus on the platforms. implementation of a revised apriori algorithm (after Agrawal and Srikant 1994) for establishing associations among items in a dataset.

Shannon Martino(School of the Art Institute, Chicago) and Matthew The algorithm is applied to a dataset from Tell Mastuma, Syria, to Martino (The University of Chicago Laboratory Schools), “A elucidate heretofore unrecognized patterns among the data derived Quantitative Method for the Creation of Typologies for Qualitatively from Stratum I-2b. It is argued such patterns are indicative of past Described Objects: A Case Study of Prehistoric Figurines from practices enacted at the site, and association rules are utilized to paint Anatolia and Southeastern Europe” a more nuanced portrait of the community of Tell Mastuma during Typologies are fraught with subjectivity: one characteristic is the Iron II. considered relevant, while another may go unnoticed entirely. This subjectivity sometimes leads to more than one typology being created Émilie Pagé-Perron (University of Toronto), “Data Mining for the same set of data, with each researcher claiming to better Cuneiform Corpora: Get Relational” represent the data. Indeed, the creation of a typology is a creative The digital humanities are slowly setting foot into Assyriological process inspired by leaps of intuition. Ultimately, intuition and its studies. Cuneiform scholars are beginning to borrow and adapt inherent subjectivity ought to be explained by scientific reasoning. computerized methods from both Science, Technology, Engineering, In the interest of omitting subjectivity from typological analyses, and Mathematics (STEM) disciplines and modern language studies. archaeologists sometimes use statistical methods. However, such But how can we most effectively bridge the gap between those methods were originally created for the analysis of quantitative techniques and our cuneiform corpora? Most Assyriologists already data rather than the qualitative data that archaeologists usually use standardize their digital transliterations; some are familiar with to characterize objects. Here we present a typology for a database visualization tools. This paper demonstrates how, from a standardized of almost 2000 Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age figurines from set of digital transliterations (and other coded information relative to southeastern Europe and Anatolia. This typology was generated by the tablets), new data can be created for lexical analysis and eventually a computer program designed specifically to create typologies of for visualization. archaeological artifacts. This method was not only time saving, given The example presented here is composed of mostly short Old the large data set, but it also helped to assuage concerns of subjectivity, Akkadian tablets provenienced in Adab. In order to generate new given the known spatial and unknown chronological separation of the information, relationships between different types of words, on figurines. By weighing all formal and technical characteristics equally, the same tablets, and across the corpus, must be recoded. In this significant factors emerged from the analysis rather than being defined instance, TEI/XML is not used since concordance at the line level is by the researcher. not necessary. The tablet itself, or the administrative transaction, is This paper emphasizes the necessity of a collaborative process used as a link between the different elements present in the text. In between programmer and archaeologist. We will also show how my sample, the goal of this mining process is to feed two distinct types our program can quantify some of the remaining subjectivity of a of visualization: a web database interface and network analysis tools. typological analysis. Lastly, we will explain how the results from our Both are used as analysis aids and diffusion tools. program can quantify diversity in the data. By closely examining the practical aspects of data mining cuneiform texts, this paper will provide insights for ancient language Darren Joblonkay (University of Toronto), “Association Mining specialists who wish to prepare their corpus for new types of digital Algorithms for Elucidating Community-Based Practices in the investigation. Ancient Near East: A View from Tell Mastuma, Syria” The management and organization of archaeological data in Terhi Nurmikko-Fuller (Australian National University), complex database management systems (DBMS), and more recently “Publishing Sumerian Literature on the Semantic Web” data warehouses, such as the Online Cultural and Historical Research The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature (ETCSL) is an Environment (OCHRE), has become commonplace within the existing web resource that provides access to some 400 transliterated discipline. Traditionally, Near Eastern archaeologists have emphasized and translated composite texts. Although not actively developed since data interoperability and integration for intersite comparison 2006, it remains a frequently cited source in literary Sumerological

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scholarship. An example of this examines the possibility of using Barbara Horejs (Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology Semantic Web technologies such as Linked Data and structural & Austrian Academy of Sciences) and Felix Ostmann (Institute frameworks (known as “ontologies” in the sphere of Computer for Oriental and European Archaeology & Austrian Academy of Science) to publish literary narratives online in a machine-readable Sciences), “The Way to Regional Identities in Neolithic Western format. Anatolia” In this paper, the practicalities and the benefits of using Linked Recent research on prehistory at the center of the Anatolian Aegean Data (a method for the publication of structured information on the coast around modern Izmir provides important new data on Neolithic web) are explained in the context of Assyriological philology. Three sites. For the first time, it is possible to deal not only with single sites, existing ontologies—the CIDOC CRM, FRBRoo, and Ontomedia— but with a group of excavated settlements that all have horizons dating are evaluated, and two custom-built structures (SuLO and mORSuL) to the 7th millennium B.C. The two pioneer sites Ulucak and Çukuriçi, are described. dating back in early 7th millennium B.C., mark the starting point Literary Sumerology, and Assyriology in general, are in a with presumably diverse origin. During this pioneer phase of earliest position to be relevant and significant in the on-going development of farming communities, aspects of shared identity are hardly visible. A Semantic Web technologies (through the promotion of common data few generations later, several additional Neolithic settlements make up formats and exchange protocols on the web, for example). The rich a regional cluster that share more things in common than differences philological material of the ancient Near East can be used to evaluate in many respects. Strong regional relationships will be argued for, not the robustness and flexibility of models and schemas designed from only from materiality, but also by patterns of subsistence strategies. the perspective of other disciplines but with the aim of upper-level Additionally weapons indicate comparable policies about dealing with (and thus universal) applicability. Assyriological research can in turn conflicts and/or hunting. On a broader scale, the uniformity of the be supported by knowledge from other data-streams, and find itself discussed Neolithic sites in their material culture and ways of life is becoming increasingly relevant in interdisciplinary research agendas, striking and allows us to assume an Anatolian Aegean Coastal Group disseminated further, and better known in the public domain. in the 7th millennium B.C. The observable stability within the regional interconnectivity for around half a millennium will be discussed as 1B. Archaeology of Anatolia I one of several triggers for the development of regional identities in the Late Neolithic period (ca. 6500–5900 cal B.C.). The integration of the CHAIR: Levent Atici (University of Nevada, Las Vegas), Presiding supposed Anatolian Aegean Coastal Group into widespread Neolithic symbolic systems from the Levant, Anatolia, and Mesopotamia links Arkadiusz Marciniak (University of Poznan), “The Late Neolithic this part of western Anatolia into interregional networks as well. Çatalhöyük after 15 Years of Excavations” The Late Neolithic in the Near East is a major threshold in the Levent Atici (University of Nevada, Las Vegas), Suzanne Pilaar Birch development of farming communities. It is marked by a transformation (University of Georgia, Athens), and Burçin Erdoğu (University of the major constituent elements of the Neolithic revolution, creating of Thrace) “Emergence and Development of Early Agropastoral conditions for strengthening and consolidating local groups and Economy on an Island Setting: New Insights from Uğurlu Höyük, providing prerequisite foundations for their spread across vast areas. Gökçeada, Turkey” The work in the upper strata at Çatalhöyük East in the years 2001– The revolutionary transformation of societies from foraging to 2016 has significantly contributed to a better understanding of this farming in southwest Asia shortly after 10,000 B.C. and the subsequent important period in the history of the Near East. The first round of spread of emerging economies into Europe via a process called excavations on the top of the southern eminence of the East Mound neolithization have been the subject of extensive scholarly debate was carried out in the years 2001–2008 in an area known as the Team since the 1970s. Although archaeologists have used a dichotomized Poznań (TP) Area. The second round of work was undertaken in framework to probe this complex process, it is now widely recognized the years 2012–2016 in the neighboring excavation zone named the that farming spread into Europe by a mixture of expansion, diffusion, TP Connection Area (TPC) on the southwest slope of its southern and adoption. Uğurlu Höyük is a Neolithic settlement on Gökçeada, prominence. As 2016 is the final excavation season within the the largest Turkish island situated between Anatolia and Europe in Çatalhöyük Research Project, it offers a unique opportunity to present the Aegean Sea, and currently the only site with an early Neolithic a systematic overview of the major results of the work carried out in component in the eastern Aegean. Thus, with its key geographical both the TP and TPC Areas in the past 15 years: a range of important location and early Neolithic strata, Uğurlu stands to significantly developments in different domains of the Neolithic, including contribute to our understanding of the neolithization of Europe. settlement layout, house architecture, burial practices, human-animal The present paper seeks to probe the development of agropastoral relations, lithics procurement and technology, and pottery production economy on an island setting at Uğurlu during the Neolithic and and use. Chalcolithic. Although our research focus is the underinvestigated eastern Aegean, the results will have implications beyond this region and contribute more broadly to the research areas of zooarchaeology, island colonization, and the spread of farming.

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Suzanne E. Pilaar Birch (University of Georgia, Athens), Levent Atici the hinterland of western Anatolia. It seems that the appearance of (University of Nevada, Las Vegas), and Burçin Erdoğu (University of settlements in regions that couldn’t be easily supplied in earlier times is Thrace), “Neolithization of Europe: Integrating Zooarchaeological a result of increasing connectivity during the Late Chalcolithic period. and Stable Isotope Evidence from Uğurlu Höyük, Gökçeada, Turkey” The origins of agriculture in southwest Asia over 10,000 years Ralf Vandam (Koç University), Patrick Willet (SUNY Buffalo), Peter ago and its subsequent spread into Europe during the Neolithic have Biehl (SUNY Buffalo), and Jeroen Poblome (University of Leuven), been the focus of much archaeological research over the past several “Exploring the Late Prehistoric (8000–2000 B.C.) Remains in the decades. Increasingly more sophisticated analytical techniques have Western Taurus Mountains, Southwestern Turkey: The First Results allowed for better understanding of the complex interactions that of the Dereköy Archaeological Survey Project” occurred among humans, animals, and their environments during This paper presents the first results of a new survey project in the this transition. The Aegean Islands are critically situated where Burdur region (SW Turkey), which focuses on the Late Prehistoric Anatolia and mainland Greece meet, making the region pivotal for period (8000–2000 B.C.). Our current knowledge of Late Prehistoric understanding the movement of the Neolithic into Europe. Located communities in southwestern Turkey is primarily based on evidence on the largest Turkish Aegean island of Gökçeada, the site of Uğurlu from well-known settlements in areas suitable for agriculture. Next to Höyük dates to the early Neolithic and has been the subject of ongoing nothing is known about sites in other landscape units such as marginal excavations and research, integrating a rigorous dating program mountainous areas. The new Dereköy Archaeological Survey Project, with comprehensive zooarchaeological research. This paper focuses conducted within the framework of the Sagalassos Project, aims to fill on the integration of bone collagen and tooth enamel stable isotope this gap in knowledge by shedding light on how different landscape data to develop a fine-resolution picture of ancient diet, environment, units were incorporated into the cultural landscape throughout the and mobility on the island. The stable isotope values from the fauna Late Prehistoric. By investigating the Dereköy highlands, located recovered in the earliest Neolithic levels at Uğurlu have been used to in close distance to the well-studied Burdur Plain (southwestern establish an “isotopic baseline” for both diachronic intrasite analyses Anatolia), we examine how and when past communities used and intersite comparisons between contemporaneous mainland sites. more marginal landscapes, and provide a window on periods that Integrating stable isotope and zooarchaeological datasets makes Uğurlu are currently poorly known in plains areas, such as the Middle one of the first island sites to provide a comprehensive understanding Chalcolithic (5500–4200 B.C.). The unique archaeological datasets of of the geographic origin of Neolithic livestock populations and the both lowlands and highlands allow us to paint a more comprehensive timing of their spread from Anatolia into Europe during the process picture of the prehistoric cultural landscape in Anatolia. Furthermore, of neolithization. the rich corpus of extant regional palaeoenvironmental data of the area make it possible to contextualize our survey findings in order to Christoph Schwall (Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology better understand wave patterns of complexity and decline throughout & Austrian Academy of Sciences) and Barbara Horejas (Institute Late Prehistory. for Oriental and European Archaeology & Austrian Academy of Sciences), “Interweaving Contacts? Evidence of Intensifying 1C. Archaeology of Egypt I Connectivity during the Middle and Late Chalcolithic Period in Western Anatolia” CHAIR: Gregory D. Mumford (University of Alabama, Birmingham), The Middle and Late Chalcolithic periods in western Anatolia Presiding cover a timeframe from the second half of the sixth to the end of the Donald B. Redford (Penn State University), “The Medinet Habu fourth millennium B.C., and can be defined by numerous social and Records of the Foreign Wars of Ramesses III” economic changes, which lead to the formation of complex societies The texts and reliefs of the mortuary Ramesses III at Medinet at the beginning of the third millennium B.C. Unfortunately, these Habu represent, in the recent history of scholarship, the earliest periods are still insufficiently investigated in this region and have only reflections on the momentous events of the end of the Bronze Age. recently become the focus of research. Recent excavations at Çukuriçi Though presented to the viewer as an overwhelming exercise in “Grand Höyük, on the central Aegean coast in western Turkey, provide us Opera,” rather than sober historiography, the texts and reliefs have had with new information about the late fourth millennium B.C. Based a mixed reception among scholars. Some have tried to subject them on reliable chronological data, the finds of this settlement indicate a to a reasoned critique; but perhaps too often they have been used as a high level of interregional connectivity and underline that the western grab bag of proof texts, to bolster individual points of view. Treating Anatolian coastal area and the eastern Aegean Islands must be seen as a the texts as lyric, and the reliefs as a species of graphic tokenism, goes very homogeneous cultural region. Moreover, comprehensive material far toward chastening our views. The paper will conclude with the studies of numerous settlements in the broader region reveal that the examination of a toponym list and a desert inscription. emergence of communication and interaction arose much earlier. A dynamic process of increasing connectivity is noticeable, presumably Dan’el Kahn (University of Haifa), “Ramesses III’s Northern Wars beginning in the final centuries of the sixth millennium B.C., with against Palestine and the Asiatics” intensification in the fourth millennium B.C. The importance of As is well known, Ramesses III campaigned against the Philistines maritime and fluvial waterways is clearly evident in the distribution of on sea and on land in his eighth regnal year. Whereas it is clear that the sites on the islands and along the coast. During the Late Chalcolithic sea battle occurred at the delta mouths, in my paper I propose that the period, in the fourth millennium B.C., additional sites appeared in

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location of the land battle was not at the borders of Egypt, but on the facing bird-head finials atop both the stem and stern is not an northern borders of Canaan. According to the Medinet Habu historical Aegean phenomenon: instead it finds numerous exact parallels in inscriptions, Ramesses III was victorious in a pitched battle, routed Urnfield birdboat (Vogelbarke) cult objects; (2) Level F of the Danish the Philistines to their home and destroyed their kingdom—“the Land excavations at Hama in Syria, contained an urn field with nearly 1100 of Palestine.” This land was recently located in the Amuq plain in cremation urns, found together with other European material culture, southern Turkey—the ancient kingdom of Alalakh. Corroboration for including flange-hilted swords and fibulae. One urn bears a depiction this scenario can be found in the topographical list from the Southern of a Helladic-style ship, which indicates the Hama urn field had been Gate of the mortuary temple of Ramesses III (ca. 1187–1157 B.C.E.) created by a group of Sea Peoples who utilized this ship type. at Medinet Habu. An additional campaign was probably conducted in Ramesses III’s 11th regnal year to Hittite controlled territories close to 1D. Archaeology of Israel I the Euphrates, including Carchemish, Pitru, and Emar. Ramesses III may have crossed the Euphrates and invaded territories of the former CHAIR: J. P. Dessel (University of Tennessee), Presiding kingdom of Mitanni/ Hanigalbat. Elizabeth Hestand (Independent Scholar), “Reinterpreting a K. Lawson Younger (Trinity International University-Divinity ‘Dumping Ground’: Amphorae from the C-Field at Caesarea School), “Problems with Philistines in North Syria?” Maritima” With the sensational discovery of the inscription of Taita I in The Joint Expedition to Caesarea (JECM) ran from 1971 through temple of the storm god of Aleppo (published by Hawkins in 2009 1987, directed by the late Robert J Bull of Drew University. Field C, and 2011), a number of scholars have been quick to conclude that the first explored with a probe by Avraham Negev in 1962, is located along name of Taita’s kingdom “Palistin/Walistin” equates with “Philistine,” the coast to the south of the Crusader Fortifications. Sector C.21 is and that this kingdom in north Syria was the location of the homeland located to the rear of the “bath” building adjacent to the northern wall of the Philistines of the southern Levant. This paper will explore the of the vault complex. philological and historical problems with this equation. Square C21 contains the most examples of whole or nearly whole amphorae, and has been labelled an “amphora dump” by the excavators. James K. Hoffmeier (Trinity International University-Divinity The overwhelming majority of the vessels are Carthage LRA 4, 5, and School), “The Possible Location of the Sea and Land Battles of the 6. In this sector, one finds examples representative of each stage in Sea Peoples in North Sinai” this long range of production, though material from the first, third The recent archaeological and paleo-environmental research and seventh centuries are the most common. This timing is consistent in north Sinai, and in particular at Tell el-Borg (1999–2008), have with the dating of the activity in the nearby warehouses, including the enabled us to understand Egypt’s east frontier defense network in Mithraeum phase of Vault 1. The location and nature of the “dump” the New Kingdom or Late Bronze Age. Combining these two lines of raise important questions about the use of the surrounding warehouses evidence, along with the texts and reliefs of Ramesses III from Medinet and public spaces. Does the high concentration of amphorae suggest a Habu, possible scenarios for the locations of the iconic battles of the staging area for shipment or redistribution? Are the locally-produced invading Sea Peoples present themselves. Contrary to some recent amphorae indicative of a nearby manufactory? Or are these the theories, it will be argued that both battles occurred on Egypt’s borders refuse from the nearby warehouses or the public buildings? In either and that the destruction of the Ramesside fort at Tell el-Borg may well case, what can the use, and re-use, of these amphorae tell us about be assigned to this invasion. consumption patterns?

Shelley Wachsmann (Texas A&M University), “‘Sea Peoples,’ Ships Yael Abadi-Reiss (Israel Antiquities Authority), “The Tenth and the Urnfield Culture Connection” Kilometer Persian Fort, Nativ HaAsara” The ethnic and geographic backgrounds of the bands of northern The Nativ HaAsara excavation revealed a fort and settlement marauder migrants who invaded the Levant in the waning years of the violently destroyed during the Persian Era. The site, set midway Late Bronze Age and beginning of the Iron Age remain tantalizingly between the cities of Gaza and Ashkelon, 10 km from each, is one elusive. These groups are termed collectively as “Sea Peoples” in of the Persian era fortified settlements and way stops along the Via modern scholarly literature, despite the fact that the Egyptians used Maris. Bronze and iron arrowheads (and a single spearhead) found in this term selectively to define some of these groups—but not others. the fort provide evidence for the battle that destroyed the site in the This indicates that modern usage of the term does not accurately Persian Period. parallel its ancient meaning. While Philistine material culture has The Nativ HaAsara tower was set on a small natural hill received considerable study, the material culture and identity of the overlooking the sea to the west and the coastal plain to the east. The other groups is virtually unknown. Ship depictions, however, bear fortified tower, built of stone and mud brick, had a second floor that witness to at least one ethnic element from among these groups: was reached by a stone stairway. The fortress walls were preserved to a the contemporaneous central European Urnfield Culture. Evidence height of up to two meters. includes, but may not be limited to, the following considerations: The Netiv HaAsara Persian Period settlement was built around the (1) Multiple representations of a single Sea Peoples’ ship in Ramses fort hill. Excavations exposed residential buildings; one such complex III’s naval-battle scene at Medinet Habu. Although the ship type itself included a storeroom with a dozen oil and wine jars found in situ on is well known in Aegean iconography, the appearance of outboard- the floor. Adjacent to the storeroom was a courtyard and cooking area

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with four ovens. A large paved room may have served as the dining better understanding of the fortifications of the site during various hall. The full storerooms are evidence of the bustling commerce that periods was attained, including clear cut evidence of the fortification took place at the site. After the destruction the site was deserted for a of the lower city of Gath during the Iron Age IIA, and the apparent millennium until the Roman Period. remains of a very impressive gate complex. In addition, important remains relating to topics such as cult, technology, subsistence and Philip Webb (Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary) and archaeoenvironment were revealed. An important result is a better Bruno Soltic (Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary), “Recent understanding of the status of the Kingdom of Gath during the Iron I Excavations and the Late Bronze Age at Gezer: Interpreting a and Iron IIA, and through this, a reflection on what this tells us about Composite Reconstruction” the early stages of the incipient Judahite kingdom to the east of Gath. Located at the foothills of the Judean Mountains on the border of the Shephelah region, Tel Gezer is one of the largest and most Robert Mullins (Azusa Pacific University) and Nava Panitz-Cohen important sites in Israel. Consequently, it has been the focus of (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “Results of the Fourth Season several major excavation projects by R.A.S. Macalister, Hebrew Union of Excavations at Tel Abel Beth Maacah” College, and currently the Tandy Institute all of which have revealed The fourth season of excavations at Tel Abel Beth Maacah on the strata documenting Gezer’s long history, including the Late Bronze Israel-Lebanese border, produced very interesting results. Activity Age. Published across several volumes and multiple decades the focused on Area A in the lower mound and Area B on the upper material for reconstructing the Late Bronze history of Gezer is ripe for mound. In Area A our goals were to: (1) reach the Late Bronze Age in consolidation and interpretation. This study will focus on the results order to determine the total depth of the Iron I deposit and its correct of the Macalister and HUC excavations, integrating the two to create a dating, as well as elucidate the nature of the transition from LB to Iron holistic archaeological view of Late Bronze Gezer. We will then discuss I; (2) increase the exposure of the uppermost phase, which yielded at Late Bronze Gezer in its context among the current excavations in the least two well-built structures separated by a passageway lined by stone Shephelah and Late Bronze research in South Levant. With a fuller buttresses. This impressive building complex belongs to the terminal archaeological picture of the Late Bronze city of Gezer established, it phase of the lower city, which apparently ended sometime during the can be understood within its wider regional context. late 11th to early 10th century B.C.E. In Area B, excavation below the large Persian/early Hellenistic period building revealed traces of Iron Oded Lipschits (Tel Aviv University), “Azekah after Five Seasons of II occupation in the form of pottery and a very large stone wall, and Excavations: Fresh Results and their Historical Implications” an earlier phase that appears to be contemporary with the building Tel Azekah (Tell Zakariya) is located in the heart of the Judean complex in the lower city (Iron I). Surprisingly, this earlier phase was Lowlands (the Shephelah), controls and watches over the strategic established on the sloping fills of a Middle Bronze Age rampart. junction of roads leading from Tell es-Safi (biblical Gath) in the west, through the Valley of Ellah, to the Judean Hills in the east, and 1E. Cultural Heritage Management: Methods, Practices, and Case connects Beth-Shemesh in the north with Lachish in the south. The Studies name Azekah was not mentioned in second millennium historical sources, but it is known from the Hebrew Bible as well as extra- CHAIRS: Glenn Corbett (American Center of Oriental Research– biblical sources as one of the Judahite border towns of the late 8th ACOR), and Suzanne Davis (Kelsey Museum of Archaeology, to early 6th century B.C.E. that faced the territory of the Philistines. University of Michigan), Presiding Tell Zakariya was one of the first sites to be excavated in the holy land, and the British archaeologist, F.J. Bliss, assisted by R.A.S. Macalister, Glenn Corbett (American Center of Oriental Research, Jordan), on behalf of the Palestine Exploration Fund, excavated the site in 1898- “Sustainable Cultural Heritage through Engagement of Local 1899 for 17 weeks over three seasons. In this paper I will present the Communities: ACOR’s USAID SCHEP Initiative” results from the five seasons of excavations at Azekah (2012-2016), Launched by the American Center of Oriental Research in conducted by the Lautenschaeger expedition of the Tel-Aviv and November 2014, the USAID Sustainable Cultural Heritage through Heidelberg Universities, directed by Lipschits, Oeming and Gadot. Engagement of Local Communities Project (SCHEP) is a four-year The results - from the Early Bronze Age to the Hellenistic Period will pilot initiative that aims to develop Jordan’s local and institutional be presented, and the historical implications of it will be discussed. capacity for sustaining and managing the country’s vast array of heritage resources. Now two years on, USAID SCHEP has supported Aren Maeir (Bar-Ilan University), “Excavation Results at Tell es- innovative site and community development projects at several of Safi/Gath and their Implications: An Update for the 2015 and 2016 Jordan’s more important but underserved archaeological sites, while also Seasons” developing needs-based capacity-building workshops for government The ongoing excavations at Tell es-Safi/Gath, the longest going authorities, university faculties and students, and key members of excavations currently being conducted in southern Israel, has the tourism sector. In addition to providing an overview of SCHEP’s provided a wealth of archaeological finds relating to the Bronze and main objectives, this paper will discuss several accomplishments Iron Ages in the two decades that it has been in the field. In the 2015 during the first two years of the project, most notably the launch of and 2016 seasons, the project continued excavations in various areas a community-based “site steward” program, the support of local on the site with particular focus on the Early Bronze Age, Late Bronze heritage-based associations and small enterprises, and the foundation Age, Iron Age I, and Iron Age II. Among other finds of note, a much of a new representative body, the Jordan Heritage Consortium, that

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brings the country’s major cultural heritage stakeholders together to Kaelin Groom (University of Arkansas), “A Preliminary Assessment develop agreed-upon standards for site conservation, preservation, of Rock Art Stability and Heritage Management in Wadi Hassan, and management. Jordan” Cultural heritage management of rock art involves the Allison Mickel (Stanford University), “Lucrative Nonknowledge in blending of science, history, art, architecture, and policy. Hence, a Petra: A Case Study Connecting Labor Relations, Local Expertise, comprehensive understanding of rock art and its decay is fundamental and Cultural Heritage Management” to its preservation and protection. In historically important and The conflicting, complementary, and overlapping relationships environmentally sensitive sites such as Wadi Hassan and Jordan’s that the diverse communities living near archaeological sites possess eastern desert, rock art are susceptible to human interaction and both toward these ancient remains represents a critical and complex natural and induced deterioration. Non-invasive techniques in rock area of research for practitioners and scholars of cultural heritage art assessment (like RASI) provide a baseline study from which these management. This paper contributes to ongoing discussions on the important epigraphic and artistic petroglyphs can be identified and subject by investigating a particular case study: the monumental analyzed for trends in polygenetic deterioration. This research presents UNESCO World Heritage site and fascinating archaeological park a preliminary assessment of Wadi Hassan’s rock art in relation to of Petra, Jordan. At this site, the local residents—in particular, the accessibility and possible management challenges. Aspects addressed Bedul and Ammarin Bedouin tribes—have long worked to protect include geologic condition, substrate, vulnerability, and influences to the archaeological remains, both as part of formal excavation and create a much-needed baseline for the rock art, providing current and conservation projects as well as in traditional, unofficial ways. The eminent conditional status, stability, and preservation applications and legacy of generations of (mostly) men has essentially created dynasties policy. Continuation of such research will help ensure that Jordan’s of experts in preserving the archaeology of Petra. This presentation irreplaceable rock art will endure increased tourism, human contact, illustrates the areas of expertise that local residents of Petra possess climate change, and time. on this topic, but also demonstrates a remarkable phenomenon in which these same men and women deny having the training and Shay Bar (Haifa University), “Tel Esur: A Unique Archaeological knowledge which they have developed over time. I explore the social, Community Project” political, and economic reasons why the local community members Tel Esur is situated in the north of Israel’s central Coastal Plain, who have worked on cultural heritage management projects have near the mouth of Nahal ‘Iron, ca. 10 km southwest of Megiddo. Since historically been encouraged and even rewarded for disavowing their 2010 a unique community excavation is held at the site annually. Our archaeological expertise. I conclude by suggesting how this insight team comprises almost entirely students from the local high schools; might best be used to improve heritage management initiatives moving every season, five hundred 15-year-olds from different backgrounds forward in Petra, in Jordan, and elsewhere. work side by side to explore the past in their own backyard. Each class joins the dig for a week, acquiring hands-on experience in Jenna Morton (Pax Foundation, Morton Group), and Bert De Vries archaeological fieldwork and partaking in an educational adventure. (Calvin College), “The Umm el-Jimal Interpretive and Hospitality The project promotes cooperation between Jews and Muslims, coming Center: Heritage Preservation through Museum-Programmed and from religious and nonreligious backgrounds. It brings together Community-Operated Visitor Services” students that live in the region but would otherwise have little or no From 2016 to 2018 the Umm el-Jimal Project is creating the “Umm contact, using the mutual affinity to their geographical environment el-Jimal Interpretive and Hospitality Center” (UJIHC), a complex of as a common ground. Classes of children with special needs, who heritage facilities and services being located in the antiquities site. The sometimes find themselves excluded from school activities, also Center will house exhibits about the ancient site, a multimedia theater, participate. During the last six years, more than 3,000 children have an inscription garden, and also provide modern services including worked with us. This project is sponsored entirely by the community, a shaded courtyard, bathrooms, and a locally operated cafe and gift using unorthodox “fund raising” methods, such as collecting and shop. This facility will fulfill four interrelated goals: (1) to provide basic selling scrap metal and producing and selling our unique brand of Tel facilities for site visitors; (2) to ensure preservation of Umm el-Jimal’s Esur olive oil. material remains; (3) to communicate the site’s outstanding value In this paper, I will present the project, focusing on the to Jordanian and foreign audiences; and (4) to create a sustainable community cooperation, the methodological dilemmas, and some of mechanism of support for the local community. the important finds discovered by the children (e.g., an administrative The UJIHC will be linked with a tourist-services-oriented business Iron Age building and a Middle Bronze Age fortification system). center in the modern village via a signed interpretive trail through the ruins, and it will serve as a regional educational center in which trained Lisa Graham (University of Edinburgh), “Experimenting with Public residents will provide tours and seminars to teach archaeological and Archaeology: A Microeconomic Approach to Site Preservation and traditional heritage to both local and regional Arab-speaking visitors Community Engagement” and multilingual tour groups from abroad. Therefore, it is expected The preceramic Neolithic is a time period in which it is hard to that the UJIHC will be the linchpin of a multifaceted site management drum up excitement from the general public, but it is the very fact agenda designed to preserve Umm el-Jimal’s cultural heritage for its that there were no gold or jewels that makes it perfect to demonstrate enjoyment by world communities and its profitable celebration by the what archaeology can really do. The rural site of Prastio-Mesorotsos in local community. Cyprus has been looted before and remains vulnerable to vandalism,

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development, and illegal digging. The site needed an outreach program and terraces, winepresses, cisterns, animal pens, quarries and lime that had the right combinations of elements to make the archaeology kilns, as well as ancient tombs. Although the ancient settlement can seem more valuable in the ground, something that would make it more be analyzed and dated using classical archaeological methods, the beneficial to the local community to protect the site than to loot or analysis and dating of the finds from the landscape is more complex. allow it to be destroyed. An ancient cooking installation found in the In this paper I will discuss methods for correlating the finds from Neolithic deposits, and the subsequent experimental reconstruction of the landscape with the various stages of the settlement and analyze the cooking process, allowed for the archaeological project to engage how in the different stages of the settlement the surrounding natural with the local community and to leave a tangible display of the work environment served the needs of its residents. of the archaeologists. It is hoped that this will make the research, protection, and presentation of the ancient culture relevant, appealing, Jonathan David (Gettysburg College), Yotam Tepper (The Zinman and lucrative for the modern local community. Institute of Archaeology), and Matthew J. Adams (W. F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research), “The 2015 JVRP Excavations 1F. Archaeology of the Near East: The Classical Periods I of the Castra of the Roman VIth Ferrata Legion (Legio, Israel)” Historical sources indicate that the Roman VIth Ferrata Legion CHAIR: Lisa A. Çakmak (Saint Louis Art Museum), Presiding established a base in the Jezreel Valley near an important crossroads near Megiddo. Surveys and salvage excavations throughout the 20th Zeev Weiss (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, century within the broader Megiddo region recovered Roman finds, Israel), “Shaping the Urban Center: Recent Excavations in Roman including roof tiles stamped with the name of that legion. Detailed Sepphoris” surveys carried out since 2000 by Tel Aviv University and the IAA On the eve of the Great Revolt against Rome, in 66 C.E., provided a broad historical and geographical understanding of Sepphoris stretched across the hill and its slopes. The first-century city the region and suggested the specific location of the VIth Ferrata had a rural appearance lacking most of the typical Roman-style public Legionary base just to the south of Tel Megiddo. Three seasons of buildings. Only years later, after the suppression of the Great Revolt, archaeogeophysical survey and preliminary excavations by the Jezreel was Sepphoris transformed into a prominent Roman polis boasting Valley Regional Project confirmed the location of the castra and its monumental buildings, probably owing to its pro-Roman stance. association with the VIth Legion, uncovering the remains of Roman The team of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, working military architecture and finds, including a fortification wall and at the site for three decades, has focused in recent years on several defensive fosse, as well as sets of rooms and alleys suggesting barracks. areas in the city center where some public and private buildings were In the summer of 2015, the JVRP conducted a full season of excavated. The latest finds provide further information about the city’s excavation at Legio. Excavation conducted near the center of the camp infrastructure, boundaries, and building construction. This paper provided additional evidence for the presence of the VIth Ferrata. A will discuss the decumanus and the public buildings excavated along segment of an 8m wide north–south road was uncovered that is likely its route—a library or archive at its western end, two monumental to be the Via Principalis. Its location supports the reconstruction of a structures to its north, and a Roman temple located inside a large full-size legionary base comparable to those known from the western temenos to its south. Presentation of the new finds will help define part of the empire in the second and third centuries C.E. Two sections Sepphoris’s urban center in the early second century C.E., after the of monumental architecture discovered in the general vicinity of this establishment of the city as a Roman polis. It will be argued that the street may be connected to both the Principia and the Praetorium. decumanus, and not the cardo, served as a main thoroughfare of the This paper presents results from the 2015 seasons. city in Roman times. Robert Darby (University of Tennessee), “The Last Fort Standing: Avraham Tendler (Israel Antiquities Authority), “Settlement and The Late Roman Army at ‘En Hazeva” Agriculture in the Hills of Modiin; Horvat Ashun as a Case Study” Excavations of ‘En Hazeva commenced in 1972 under the The city of Modiin is a rapidly expanding, modern city in the direction of the late Rudolph Cohen. Work continued intermittently northern Judean hills. Every stage of development of the city is preceded until 1995 under Cohen and codirector Yigal Israel. Since then, by archaeological surveys and salvage excavations. This archaeological limited excavation at the site has continued while final publication of work generates a tremendous volume of data regarding the ancient Cohen’s work still waits. To date, preliminary publications from ‘En settlements, but even more so regarding the ancient landscapes. In Hazeva have, for various reasons, focused primarily on the site’s early the past year, the Israel Antiquities Authority is conducting large-scale occupation phases during the Iron Age, while, with the exception of excavations west of the city, in the vicinity of the ancient settlement ceramic material (Erickson-Gini 2010), later periods have hitherto Horvat Ashun. The excavations on orvatH Ashun revealed that gone almost entirely ignored. This is despite the fact that until the the settlement began in the Persian period. In the Late Hellenistic– late 20th century the ruins of a well-preserved Late Roman military Hasmonean period a fortified farmstead was built on the site. In the complex still dominated the landscape. The readily identifiable remains Early Roman period the site developed into a typical Judean village. of a typical Late Roman castellum with four projecting corner towers In the Late Roman–Early Byzantine period a farmstead was and nearby heated bathhouse were noted by many western explorers built on the site and sporadic agricultural activity continued on the and archaeologists including Alois Musil and Nelson Glueck. This site throughout the Middle Ages and the Ottoman period. In the paper presents a preliminary assessment of the Late Roman military surrounding landscape we excavated rural roads, agricultural walls

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architecture at ‘En Hazeva as an initial step towards its publication in decorative. Because sealing practices were closely associated with the final report on Cohen’s excavations. communal feasting involving roller-impressed vessels and hearths, however, I suggest that they served simultaneously as material Byron R McCane (Wofford College), Juergen Zangenberg (Leiden expressions of individual and collective social identities and as a University), Stefan Muenger (University of Bern), and Raimo Hakola mechanism for horizontal social integration. The results of this (University of Helsinki), “Excavations in the Synagogue at Horvat analysis suggest that established models for Early Helladic social and Kur, 2010–2016: Preliminary Report” political organization fail to account for the more cooperative and less Six seasons of excavation at Horvat Kur in the Lower Galilee (New hierarchical social institutions that sealing practices and communal Israeli Grid 25050–60/ 75450–60) have exposed a synagogue from feasting together constituted. the Late Roman/Byzantine period. Oriented east-west, the building measures 11m x 16.5m. It has two entrances: (1) a double-leaf door in Joanna S. Smith (University of Pennsylvania), “Seals as Measures of the center of the western wall, covered by a colonnaded portico; and Individual and Group Identity on Late Bronze Age Cyprus” (2) a single-leaf entrance on the south wall. The south door is not in The study of Cypriot Late Bronze Age cylinder seals traditionally the center of the wall, but is offset several meters to the west, due to an divides them into several stylistic groups that were defined by Edith ornate elevated bemah centered on the inside of the south wall. Ritual Porada in 1948. Today these groups are often summarized in three activity was thus oriented toward Jerusalem. Two rows of columns broad stylistic categories: elaborate, derivative, and common. These run north-south on either side of the bemah, giving the synagogue groups have been linked to corporate identities and coercive financial a “broad-house” layout, and a low stone bench runs along the inside practices. Primacy has been attributed to the extensively excavated walls. Other finds include: (1) a “seat of Moses” plastered into place urban site of Enkomi near the east coast of Cyprus, in part due to the atop the stone bench near the southern entrance; (2) the “Horvat Kur sheer quantity of seals found there. However, the frequent practice stone,” a low monolithic basalt stone table decorated with geometric of recarving cylinder seal designs shows that there was fluidity and and pictorial representations; (3) a coin deposit found under the overlap among what scholars have taken to be relatively distinct stylistic surface of the portico; (4) a well-preserved area of mosaic floor, to groups. Recognizing the different stages in each seal’s carving history the west of the bemah, depicting a menorah with lighted lamps and helps to reveal subjects and compositions in seal designs that were a dedicatory inscription; (5) a cistern, located outside the southern more local and those that were more widespread on Cyprus. Changes wall, from which 35 intact vessels of Late Roman/Byzantine pottery made in cylinder seal designs over time thus make us reconsider were taken. The broad-house synagogue went through at least two and stylistic groups and associations among cylinder seals and individual possibly three phases. Excavation outside the eastern and northern or group identities on Cyprus. This paper draws on new readings of walls exposed domestic structures that predate the synagogue. seal designs from several Cypriot sites, including Enkomi. It includes seals found in burials, households, and workshops, considers patterns 1G. Material Culture and Identities in the Eastern Mediterranean I within settlements and regions, and points to connections with seal designs made in the Near East and the Aegean. It uses stratigraphies CHAIRS: Helen Malko (Columbia University) and Serdar Yalcin of seal carving—layers of carving on seals as well as the find locations (Columbia University), Presiding of seals in the archaeological record—to suggest new ways of thinking about seals as measures of one’s identity in Late Bronze Age Cyprus. Maggie Beeler (Bryn Mawr College), “The Social Dynamics of Early Helladic Sealing Practices” Serdar Yalcin (Parsons School of Design), “A Kassite Seal in the This paper will investigate the social dynamics of Early Helladic Hands of an Assyrian: Reused Artifacts and Identity Creation sealing practices, and evaluate current models for social and political through Appropriation in the Ancient Near East” development in Early Bronze Age Greece (ca. 3100–1900 B.C.E.). I The impression of a seal, which originally belonged to the son develop a practice-based approach that integrates contextual analysis of the Kassite king Kadasman-Turgu (1281–1264 B.C.), was found of the archaeological evidence with formal analysis of seal designs on an administrative document unearthed in Assur. The object was to address issues of technical agency and social identity. I argue that used by an Assyrian official, who served Tiglath-Pileser I (1114–1076 rather than being a proxy for emerging social complexity, sealing B.C.). It is likely that this specific seal was not just a reused object but practices actively structured more fluid Early Helladic social and also a spolia forcefully appropriated probably during the Babylonian political institutions. campaign of Tukulti-Ninurta I (1244–1207 B.C.). Throughout history, Administrative seal use is emphasized in the scholarly literature, spoliated objects have been used by their owners to express dominance privileging the political and economic dimensions of sealing practices over the conquered, to legitimize their offices, and to promote a in the service of a progressive theoretical model for developing social certain elite identity in their homelands. In this context, I will argue complexity. Sealing involved reproducing a design engraved on a that the possession of the seal of the son of Kadasman-Turgu and its seal by impressing it onto another medium, such as clay applied to active use in Assyrian bureaucracy may have been a source of great the openings of containers (sealings) or directly onto ceramic storage prestige for the owner. What was originally used as a personal seal vessels. to sign documents or a votive in a temple became a relic signifying While Early Helladic stamp seals and sealings are traditionally both Assyrian dominance over Babylonia and the membership of its assigned an administrative function, the large cylinders or rollers owner to the Assyrian imperial elite. This specific seal also shows that used to impress storage vessels and hearths are interpreted as merely objects produced at certain points in time have individual biographies,

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in which the meaning and value attached to them constantly changed can and cannot infer about the way figurines created identity among and were renegotiated. participants, exposing those areas where modern presuppositions complicate our ability to understand past identities. Leticia R. Rodriguez (The University of Texas at Austin), “Ionian (Re)Vision: Shifting Perspectives and Identities of an East ‘Greek’ 1H. Art Historical Approaches to the Ancient Near East I Sanctuary” The Milesian Sanctuary of Aphrodite Oikus at Zeytintepe CHAIR: Kiersten Neumann (Oriental Institute, University of presents itself as a unique opportunity to explore the dynamicity of Chicago), Presiding an archaic east Greek sanctuary: one shaped not only by “Greek” practices, but also by local Anatolian cultural and ritual influences; Steele Brand (The Kings’s College), “A Sumerian Phalanx? What one undergoing physical transformation by way of renovation; Comparative Art Tells Us about Martial Democracy in Mesopotamia” and one whose scholarship is still being formulated, continually Early Dynastic art in Mesopotamia, such as the Standard of Ur changing as excavations are ongoing. Because of its status as an and the Stele of Vultures, seems to indicate that the Sumerians fielded ancient and contemporary space in transition, its liminal physical levies of citizens fighting in close order like the classical citizen armies setting (straddling the sea and land), and its participation in Greek, of the first millennium B.C.E. Some scholars see this as clear evidence Anatolian, Near Eastern, and Egyptian religious and visual cultures, that Mesopotamians invented democracy, even if it was a “primitive the Sanctuary of Aphrodite invites us to consider the consequences democracy.” Others, especially scholars of the classical world, tend to (both cultural and disciplinary) of a space defined by its fluidity, here defend the originality of classical political and martial institutions, analyzed through the methodological framework of the borderland. either ignoring or dismissing evidence from ancient Mesopotamia. In this paper I examine the sanctuary and its finds through the lens An analysis of comparative art from the classical and late antique of hypothetical worshipers, and demonstrate how the sanctuary and periods helps to move toward clarification of the question of early its dedications are affected by shifting identities—i.e., the different Sumerian martial democracy. Greeks, Romans, Germanic tribes, “ways of seeing” of the individual viewers—as well as by local and Anglo-Saxons also used sculpture, reliefs, and other forms of cult aspects (especially Phrygian), ultimately affording a nuanced workmanship to illustrate their varying forms of republicanism or interpretation and understanding of the site. In moving away from constitutionalism. Analysis of their art and accompanying texts sheds traditional analysis of east “Greek” identity, so often heavily reliant on light on works such as the Stele of Vultures. This paper will examine categorizations defined using a decidedly Western framework, we can early Sumerian representations of warfare in light of Greek works such begin to visualize an alternative, fluctuating, and adaptable identity, as the Siphnian Treasury and the Nereid Monument, early Italic and one resulting from a complex series of borderland processes in western Roman works such as the Paestum tombs and Ahenobarbus Altar, and Anatolia. early medieval depictions found in illuminated manuscripts and the Bayeux Tapestry. Comparing republican art and then using it as an Erin D. Darby (University of Tennessee), “Manipulating Identities: interpretive lens brings us closer to understanding that regardless of What Figurines Actually Reveal about Identity Formation in the whether the Sumerians had a “primitive democracy,” they defended Ancient Near East” their polities in some decidedly democratic ways. Identity has received increasing attention in material culture studies over the last several years. Figurines have played a role in this Petra Creamer (The University of Pennsylvania), “The Apotropaism discussion, especially due to the miniature and tactile qualities of of Old Babylonian Terracotta Plaques” figurines and the presumed impact on the construction of identity The mass-produced and cheaply made nature of the small, among users, whether at the individual or national levels. often palm-sized terracotta plaques of the Neo-Sumerian and Old While this theoretical turn can be instructive, it is accompanied Babylonian periods was an exceptional development in the corpus by some dangers. Although we can assume that figurines had a of Mesopotamian artwork. The function of these terracotta relief structuring role on the participants who wielded them, how would plaques has been often discussed, with widely varying opinions. By such an impact be measured in any given culture? Many studies rely focusing on the bodies of plaques from the Diyala region and southern heavily on a perceived similarity between the way ancient and modern Mesopotamia, this paper demonstrates that the function of the plaques people experience figural images as a means of reconstructing the was predominantly apotropaic in nature, based on the employment of impact of figurines on identity formation. motifs which were previously well-established in Mesopotamian art Unlike Greek passages that describe figurine deposition and as protective and auspicious. These plaques were used in primarily even human responses to figurines, ancient Near Eastern literature is domestic contexts and private spaces for the protection of liminal spaces stubbornly silent about the way ancient ritual participants experienced and the attraction of fortune and health. Two categories of plaques are figurines. Archaeological context provides little aid, as Near Eastern proposed: “doorkeeper” plaques, which employ figures associated with figurines are often found in refuse or reuse, obstructing our ability to the liminal, and “talismanic” plaques, which employ figures related to recreate the environmental factors that may have affected how figurines the use of sympathetic magic. The nature of the doorkeeper plaques is were viewed. In order to address these concerns, this paper will first such that these were likely placed around entrances, while the spatial review the way figurines have been tied to identity formation in current distribution of the talismanic figures remains more opaque. The paper literature, focusing on Judean Pillar Figurines. Drawing upon textual outlines the categories of the motifs that appear on plaques from and archaeological data, the paper will then problematize what we middle and southern Mesopotamia and their proposed apotropaic

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functions, along with demonstrable comparanda pulled from other interacted with the images of deities represented upon them in complex, areas of Mesopotamian art. significant ways. Comparing these visual-material representations with esoteric textual imagery allows for fuller reconstructions of Linda Meiberg (The University of Pennsylvania), “Decorative Motifs Neo-Assyrian theological conceptions and phenomenological on Philistine Pottery and Their Cretan Connections” experiences of the divine. I argue that seal signification stemmed In the beginning of the 12th century B.C.E., elements of a new not only from iconography, but was inscribed over the course of seal material culture attributed to the Philistines suddenly appear in the chaîne opératoire. The laborious extraction of stones parallels Assyrian southern coastal plain of Canaan. Aside from urban planning, these kings’ traversal of treacherous landscapes; and the sacrality of a stone’s elements include hearths, cylindrical loom weights, bathtubs, globular quarry site may be reflected in the iconography of seals produced cooking jugs, female mourning figures, and the distinctively decorated from that stone. Seal iconographies also in many cases correlate with Philistine ceramic assemblage. the divine and magical associations of specific stones and colors. The The predominant theories based on the study of these elements origin of most seal stones outside of Assyria proper indicates that they view the Philistines as migrating to the southern coastal plain of were implicated in the spread and maintenance of the Neo-Assyrian Canaan from somewhere within the greater Aegean world, as well as Empire as trade imports, war booty or tribute—indeed, certain seal from Cyprus and coastal Anatolia. The late Trude Dothan had long stones, styles, and iconographies were reserved for the use of kings, recognized the significance of Crete in this migration process, and it eunuch officials, and other elites. I also demonstrate how carving is in her memory that I revisit the topic of Cretan connections with techniques, style, and specific ways in which craftspeople arranged Philistia at the beginning of the Iron Age vis-à-vis the decorative images upon the patterned stones—obscuring or emphasizing aspects motifs on Philistine pottery. This paper builds on Dothan’s search for of the iconography—contributed to the function of seals as vital (re) the Philistines and shows that particular elements of geometric and presentations of the divine. Finally, I discuss how wear, repairs, and figural motifs on Philistine decorated pottery can be traced directly recarving are indicative of seal use and (in some cases) valuing of back to Crete as their source of inspiration. As such, it is possible material support over image. to postulate that some inhabitants of Crete joined in the migration of people alongside migrants from other parts of the Aegean world, Gina Konstantopoulos (Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, Cyprus, and Anatolia to Philistia. Moreover, perhaps this Cretan New York University) “The Role and Function of Nonmirrored element constitutes the basis for the literary tradition concerning the Inscriptions on Cylinder Seals” Philistine origins in Caphtor/Cheretim. In cylinder seals, cuneiform text is most often inscribed in a reversed or mirrored fashion, so that when the seal is rolled out this Christian Frevel (Ruhr-University Bochum), “Clay Messengers: text, which may range from the name of the seal’s owner to more Understanding Iron Age Cult Stands as Media” complicated and multiple lines of cuneiform, is fully legible in the Cult stands in the southern Levant are an important part of impression. These rules are not universally held, however, as some inventory in Iron Age sanctuaries and household cults. Many of them such inscriptions are carved directly onto the seal, in a nonmirrored are painted or decorated with reliefs and appliques. Some are in a fashion, thus rendering them illegible in the subsequent impression. human-shaped form, as for example in Horvat Qitmit, En Hazeva, or These seals fall into two major chronological groups, including either Hirbet el-Mudeyine. The iconographic program of these stands can seals from the Old Assyrian period, or seals where the text is clearly a be treated as a source of information for the cult, its purposes, and its later addition. In the latter group, the text is often placed haphazardly intentions. By interpreting the iconography of cult stands as a symbolic between the existing images on the seal, interrupting the narrative communication, cult stands are conceived as “media.” Some of the already established by these larger motifs. While some of these cult stands represent a sanctuary symbolically; others—especially the inscriptions may be modern, forged additions to the seals, others are anthropomorphic human body shaped stands—represent the votant connected to an established excavated and archaeological context. as well as the offering, and are used as votives. This paper will consider Their presence requires us to reconsider the potential roles of the the iconography of Iron Age cult stands and the particular aspects of object as a whole, as the illegibility of the inscription runs counter to its their communication within a cultic context. assumed and more functional aspects. Do these inscriptions divorce the seal entirely from its impression, forcing the object to acquire an 2A. Object, Text, and Image: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Seals, entirely votive status, or may these later additions coexist with the Sealing Practices, and Administration I impression, regardless of their illegibility? This paper considers these nonmirrored inscriptions—as well as their consequently mirrored CHAIRS: Oya Topçuoğlu (Oriental Institute, University of Chicago) impressions—and examines the context of the inscriptions alongside and Sarah J. Scott (Wagner College), Presiding the larger narrative of images found on the seals themselves. Anastasia Amrhein (University of Pennsylvania) “What Does the Andrew McCarthy (Cyprus American Archaeological Research Materiality of Seals Evince about the Materiality of the Divine in the Institute), “Flip the Script: Early Egyptian Seals and the Context of the Neo-Assyrian Empire?” Bidirectionality of Hieroglyphs” The study of seals has traditionally focused on iconography, Studies of seals sometimes treat glyptic objects as mere carriers disembodying images from their ground. Through close analysis of to transmit art historical data, but this approach misses elements of seals in several museums, I demonstrate that different stones actually meaning embedded in the objects themselves. For instance, glyptic

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designs look a certain way when observed on the seal itself and appear (ca. 7th–11th centuries C.E.) period. Our work on the terrace further differently when seen in an impression. The effect of the design also exposed the earliest (ca. third–sixth centuries C.E.) structure(s) here; changes when there is writing on the seal and whether the characters we continue to work toward understanding whether these early well- are seen on the seal or in its impression. When we encounter writing built structures were one extensive “villa” or were several smaller very engraved on seals we must consider the script as an element of the well-built houses. overall object design which can help us to determine the intended effect on the viewer and user. Cuneiform writing on Mesopotamian Stephanie Selover (University of Washington), “Women’s Work? A glyptic produces unreadable characters in one of the two orientations, Study of Gender and Weapons in Burial Contexts from Early Bronze but in Egypt hieroglyphic characters can be read in multiple directions. Age Central and Southeastern Anatolia” It is argued in this paper that the early use of hieroglyphs as design My study of graves from the Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze Age elements in Egyptian glyptic led to the bidirectionality of the script, in central and southeastern Anatolia revealed a noticeable change and that early Egyptian seals were meant to be observed as objects as in the types of burial goods placed among the human remains. In well as having an administrative function through impressions. particular, weapons as burial goods transformed from nonexistent in the early Chalcolithic to common by the end of the Early Bronze Age, Karen Sonik (Auburn University) “Myth in Miniature: Word, Image, across nearly all known cemetery contexts. More interestingly, both and the Cylinder Seal” male and female graves were found to contain weapons, in addition The mismatch between the mythological poetry and pictorial to other objects. This paper investigates this increase in weapons as compositions of Mesopotamia, or at least the difficulty in correlating grave goods from both male and female graves, and how this change the two, was recognized already in 1934 when Henri Frankfort observed relates to alterations in the social order in the Early Bronze Age, with that “many of the scenes on [seal] cylinders are evidently renderings a comparison between central and southeastern Anatolia. The data of myths, but great uncertainty prevails as to their interpretation.” A were collected through a survey of the published evidence from 73 half-century later this difficulty remained unresolved, leading Donald archaeological sites from central and southeastern Anatolia. The Hansen (1987) to investigate the seeming “lack of fundamental rise in weapons as burial goods corresponds to a marked increase in relationship between what is written and what is represented.” Taking the preparation for, and prevalence of, warfare in these two regions. the mythological imagery of the cylinder seals as a case study, this This paper analyzes these social changes, comparing differences paper takes up the topic of the written and the represented, and between the two regions investigated. The results of this study explores the nature of the relationship between the written and the indicate the possibility of women’s participation in socially sanctioned pictorial myths of Mesopotamia. interpersonal violence, through the presence of functional, wielded weapons within adult female graves, as opposed to solely ornamental 2B. Archaeology of Anatolia II weapons, in addition to more common goods, including pottery and jewelry, or more customarily feminine tools, such as spindle whorls CHAIR: Levent Atici (University of Nevada, Las Vegas), Presiding and needles.

Sharon R. Steadman (SUNY Cortland), Gregory McMahon Scott Branting (University of Central Florida), “The 2016 Season at (University of New Hampshire) and Jennifer Ross (Hood College), Kerkenes Dağ” “The 2016 Season at Çadır Höyük in North Central Anatolia” The Kerkenes Dağ archaeological project is an international In 2015 the Çadır team revealed Late Chalcolithic (ca. 3700– collaboration dedicated to investigating the enormous late Iron Age 3500 B.C.E.) architecture substantially different from the later Late city located near Sorgun in the Yozgat Province of central Turkey. For Chalcolithic phases excavated over preceding years. This earliest the past 24 years, work at the site has included excavations paired with phase offered small-celled agglutinated structures surrounding extensive geophysical and geospatial surveys. This report details the small open courtyards. The 2016 prehistoric excavations focused on results of the 2016 campaign, including excavations at Urban Block continuing to reveal this new architectural phase and understanding 8 in the northern portion of the city, the results of the expanding the village layout and whether the characteristics observed in 2015, resistivity survey in the central portion of the city, and monitoring such as the installation of infant jar burials in the corners of rooms, work in the city. was repeated throughout the settlement. Further, the 2016 season and future seasons will be dedicated to assessing whether this new (for Virginia Herrmann (University of Tübingen) and David Schloen Çadır) architectural plan is the norm for earlier periods or whether (University of Chicago), “Zincirli Höyük, Turkey: Recent Results the domestic architecture returns to the more individualized structure from the Chicago-Tübingen Excavations” plan of later periods. The season also focused on Byzantine operations Excavations at Zincirli Höyük, Turkey (ancient Sam’al) by the both on the northern terrace and on the mound summit. Our goal Universities of Chicago and Tübingen in 2015 and 2016 have begun on the summit is to acquire an understanding of the overall use of to illuminate the Bronze Age prehistory of this well-known Iron Age this area; previous seasons have suggested that there was almost no city and to refine our understanding of the Iron Age urbanization domestic occupation here and that the area was dedicated to storage process. Though copious Early Bronze Age pottery was produced by and defense activities. However, we have not explored the western area the late 19th-century excavations on the Zincirli citadel, the existence of the summit prior to 2016; it is there where we may find evidence of an extensive lower town of this period was unsuspected until recent of more extensive use of the mound summit during the Byzantine excavations reached beneath the southern Iron Age lower town.

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Likewise, a Middle Bronze Age occupation at Zincirli was previously Intermediate Period (ca. 1650–1550 B.C.E.), are often used as examples only known from a few published sherds and finds. New excavations of the Egyptians’ inability to create fine art at a time when Egypt was at the peak of the central mound are revealing a destroyed stratum of divided by Theban rule in the south, and Hyksos rule in the north. this period contemporary with the palatial center of nearby Tilmen While more recent studies are beginning to demonstrate a much more Höyük. The pace and process of the city’s refoundation, expansion, and complex understanding of intermediate artwork, local rule, and social settlement in Iron Age II following a long settlement hiatus have also networks, rishi coffins continue to be dismissed due to their lack of been clarified by the excavation of four stratigraphic sequences in the aesthetic appeal; however, it is important to examine these objects in large circular lower town-two in the north (2008–2013) and two in the their social context. As Egypt struggled to adapt to multiple rulers, south (2015–2016), including excavations below the city’s South Gate— trade networks changed and valuable resources from the Levant were together with radiocarbon dating and a long stratigraphic sequence on no longer available for the wealthy elite. New methods for displaying the southern citadel mound. This more refined chronology can help us status were necessary. Rare, large pieces of local wood replaced understand the role of urbanization in the political development of the imported cedar, and gold was used in unprecedented amounts. In this Iron Age kingdom of Sam’al, while the investigation of early residential light, it becomes clear that these coffins demonstrate a rapid shift in areas is shedding light on the socioeconomic organization of the first artistic traditions and aesthetic values, not the sudden disappearance of settlers of the lower town. order and talent from Egypt. This paper uses rishi coffins to explore the ways in which large-scale political transitions can have an immediate Akiva Sanders (University of Chicago), “A GIS-Based Evaluation effect on technologies and style, and how these changes can impact of the Pastoralist Hypothesis for the Spread of the Kura Araxes royal as well as individual choices made by subsequent generations. Phenomenon” According to a consensus of excavators, people associated with Amber Hutchinson (University of Toronto), “The Dialectical elements of the Kura Araxes material culture “package” migrated from Interaction between State Initiatives and Nonroyal Endeavors at northeastern Anatolia and the South Caucasus to settle in a huge area Provincial Sites during the Eighteenth Dynasty” stretching from the Jordan Valley in present-day Israel to the Kangavar During the ancient Egyptian New Kingdom (1550–1070 B.C.), Valley in western Iran over the course of a three-century period (ca. provincial town sites were the focus of increased royal patronage that 31002800 B.C.E.). Several motivating factors for the choices made in was primarily centered upon the construction and/or refurbishment this migration have been proposed by scholars since the identification of provincial cult temples. The activities of pharaohs in the provinces of the widespread phenomenon. One motivating factor that has left a mark on the physical landscape through the presence of reappeared consistently in scholarship over the last twenty years is a building remains and through preserved texts and artifacts; however, search for high quality pastures for wool-producing sheep. Although determining the chronological history and archaeological impact recent faunal data of year-round habitation has undermined claims of each king is often hampered by the disturbed context of many that many highland Kura Araxes sites represent the seasonal mobile of the remains. At the same time, the activities of local inhabitants pastoralist camps, it is possible that a search for pasture land motivated were shaped and altered by increasing state activity. In Egyptology, scouts in selecting areas that would be eventually settled by a mixture studies have tended to emphasize the binary opposition between the of pastoralist and sedentary agricultural villages (as suggested in Batiuk state and local communities represented by the dichotomy of royal and Rothman 2007). In this paper, I present a suite of GIS models that versus nonroyal spheres of activity. Rarely has research focused on test various decision-making factors that might have come into play the intersection of these two activities acting within specific historical in this hypothetical multistage search for pasture land and predict the and geographical contexts. The following presentation aims to dispel spread of Kura Araxes settlement according to these factors. These this perspective by examining the dialectical interaction between factors include preference for highland vs. lowland summer pastures, state initiatives and nonroyal endeavors in the provinces during the long-distance vs. short distance migration, and the comparative Eighteenth Dynasty. Evidence from five provincial sites acts as case evaluation of summer pasture quality vs. travel cost. In the end, studies for this research: Mendes, Abydos, Elephantine, Elkab, and Sai none of these models predict the full range of Kura Araxes choices Island. This paper demonstrates that there was a mixing and blending in settlement areas, and I briefly discuss some alternative conceptual of activities that were not mutually exclusive, but rather interacted in models that might explain historically contingent deviation from these a complex relationship. environmentally driven models in particular cases. Federico Zangani (Brown University), “Amarna and Uluburun: 2C. Archaeology of Egypt II Patterns of Exchange in the Late Bronze Age Mediterranean” This paper sets out to elucidate patterns of exchange in the Late CHAIR: Krystal V. L. Pierce (Brigham Young University), Presiding Bronze Age Near East and Eastern Mediterranean by combining the textual evidence from the Amarna letters with the archaeological Caroline Arbuckle MacLeod (University of California, Los Angeles), evidence from the Uluburun shipwreck. The latter was most probably “Art, Politics, Chaos, and Wood: Reassessing the Significance of the a Levantine vessel carrying an extraordinary quantity of commodities Rishi Coffin in Egypt’s Second Intermediate Period” and prestige objects from Egypt and the Near East to a major palatial The intermediate periods of ancient Egyptian history have center in the Aegean. Most of the scholarship has therefore taken the traditionally been viewed as eras of artistic decay and political turmoil. view that it represents an exchange of the same type as those described Object types such as wooden rishi coffins, popular during the Second in the Amarna letters, and that the Aegean world should be inserted

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in the same system of high-status gift exchange as the Near Eastern 2D. The Tandy Institute for Archaeology: A Decade of Research polities. What this scholarship has failed to acknowledge, however, is the fact that the Amarna letters do not contain a single mention of the CHAIRS: Steven Ortiz (Tandy Institute for Archaeology) and Thomas Aegean. This paper, therefore, addresses this significant discrepancy Davis (Tandy Institute for Archaeology), Presiding between the textual and the archaeological evidence and argues that Thomas Davis (Tandy Institute for Archaeology), “The Kourion those texts and the shipwreck may represent two different phenomena. Urban Space Project: Retrospects and Prospects” The Amarna letters were essentially a diplomatic tool, and they report The Kourion Urban Space Project is entering the final phase of exchanges as a function of political contacts between rulers, not as fieldwork with a projected completion date of 2017. Some goals have transactions of a purely economic nature. The Uluburun shipwreck, been achieved, but some remain elusive. This paper will review the on the other hand, is situated outside of this diplomatic scenario, and original research design, discuss the changes in the research program is here interpreted as a commercial exchange, in which an Aegean and illuminate some of the results of the project to date including four palatial center availed itself of professional entrepreneurs to import MA theses directly coming out of KUSP. goods and commodities. This type of exchange was therefore, quite simply, beyond the scope of the Amarna letters. Eric Mitchell (Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary), “The Gezer Regional Survey” Laurel Darcy Hackley (Brown University), “Lions, Dwarves, and The Tel Gezer Regional Survey, affiliated with the Tel Gezer Angry Eyes: Apotropaic Tradition in Egypt and Beyond” excavations, has been in the field for nine seasons during the past ten The enigmatic ivory wands of Middle Kingdom Egypt are years (2007–2016). The purpose of the project is to comprehensively characterized by a selection of animals, monsters, and deities that and systematically survey the region surrounding Tel Gezer and are generally explained as simply “apotropaic.” This paper proposes to locate and publish all archaeological features therein. The survey that the characters represented on these wands reference a particular will encompass 9 square km (or every 1 km square within 1 km of mythological episode: the festival procession of the Eye of Re. The Tel Gezer). This survey will aid in gaining a better understanding main themes of this event are the domestication of chaotic forces, of the historical development of the ancient site of Gezer within its the northward spread of the inundation at the New Year, and the immediate context. Our research methodology includes intensively conception, birth, and nurture of the young sun god. Each of the genii walking every field, slope, and hill surrounding Tel Gezer within depicted has a particular role in the mythological cycle that explains the survey area. We walk in 5–10 meter transects depending on the its appearance on the wands, and also influences in what other genres visibility in the field. We acquire GPS locations for each feature, map of Egyptian apotropaia it will appear. those coordinates on GIS software, and take detailed measurements The genii found on the wands appear in similar contexts not and notes for full documentation. This research paradigm will allow just in Egypt, but throughout the ancient Mediterranean, the Levant, features to be mapped chronologically in order to note the expansion Anatolia, and Mesopotamia, beginning in prehistory. Across cultures, and contraction of land usage through time around Tel Gezer. To date these parallel characters share defining attributes, roles, and even we have surveyed hundreds of features. We have located one new names. Textual and iconographic analysis indicate that they are always boundary inscription and rediscovered one old one (#4), published in strongly connected with personal magic and domestic cult, indicating IEJ 64 (no. 2) 2014. We will here report on the status of our progress. the transmission and maintenance of a common body of ritual folk- knowledge across considerable geographical and temporal boundaries. Steven Ortiz (Tandy Institute for Archaeology) and Samuel Wolff (Israel Antiquities Authority), “The Tel Gezer Excavations: The L.S. Baker Jr. (Andrews University), “War Propaganda? A Transformation of a Border City in the Late Bronze and Iron Ages” Comparative Analysis of Iconographic Depictions of Assyrian and The Tel Gezer Excavation project is a long-term project Egyptian Military Camps” addressing ethnic and social boundaries, and state formation in the This paper compares the iconographic representation of southern Levant. The project is sponsored by the Tandy Institute for Sennacherib’s military camp from Room 36 of his palace in Nineveh Archaeology at Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary and its with the iconographic representation of the second Ramesses’s military consortium of schools. Renewed excavations of the past nine seasons camp in the temples of Abu Simbel, the Ramesseum, and Luxor to see have continued to reveal remains located immediately to the west of if their purpose for existence might be ascertained. the Iron Age six-chambered gate and east of Hebrew Union College’s The location of the iconographic depictions of both Assyrian Field VII. Major results to date include (1) verification of the extension and Egyptian military camps strongly suggests that they were not of the MB glacis on the eastern slope of the western hill; (2) partial intended for public propaganda due to their locations in low traffic exposure of a Late Bronze Age building that was destroyed at the end of areas. Although there are significant differences in design elements, in LB IIB (14th century B.C.E.); (3) an Iron Age I city wall with a complex both cases the iconography appears to be attempting to depict actual of several structures built up against the wall (11th–10th centuries items and moments in camp life. In these depictions there is a striking B.C.E.); (4) excavation of an Iron Age II Palace or Administrative similarity in the position of the king in regard to the camp. This Central Courtyard Building Complex; (5) several ninth century similarity might hint that the purpose for the representations could domestic units built up against the reused casemate city; (6) an eighth be to create a perceived reality that the king stands between chaos and century administrative quarter that includes three large administrative calm. and industrial public buildings; (7) a large four-room house (elite), (8)

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and additional units of a Hellenistic building complex that extends the 2E. History of Archaeology I Hellenistic exposure previously excavated by Hebrew Union College. This paper will present an overview of the results of the renewed CHAIR: Kevin M. McGeough (University of Lethbridge), Presiding excavations and discuss new interpretations of the fortification and Matthew J. Adams (W. F. Albright Institute of Archaeological urbanization processes of the ancient city, particularly in the Late Research), “The Myth of Memphis: Myth, History, Archaeology, and Bronze and Iron Ages. the Founding of Egyptian Memphis” Sidnie White Crawford (University of Nebraska) and Ryan Stokes The status of Memphis as the earliest capital of a unified Egyptian (Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary), “The Southwestern state has gone unquestioned in Egyptology. The basic modern Baptist Theological Seminary Dead Sea Scroll Fragments” reconstruction of the foundation of the city follows closely the reports The Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary Dead Sea Scrolls of the Classical visitor, Herodotus, who transmits the native tradition fragments consist of eight biblical fragments and one nonidentified of Memphis as being founded by the first king of Egypt, Min. The fragment. The biblical fragments, representing Exodus, Leviticus, presence of the Early Dynastic cemeteries at Saqqara and Helwan, Deuteronomy, Kings, Psalms, and Daniel, present more evidence for seemingly support the veracity of the basic story, and scholars have the textual history of these books in the late Second Temple period. The long sought to identify Min as one of the early archaeologically presentation will include a look at interesting variants, paleography, attested kings. The rise of the pyramid fields and the development and the materiality of the fragments. of the greater Saqqara necropolis are generally seen as support that the administrative center of the Old Kingdom state remained at Min’s great city. This historical model provides the framework in which Mark D. Janzen (Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary), Egyptology generally reconstructs the evolution of the Egyptian state “Forthcoming Epigraphic Work at the Cour de la Cachette at Karnak and its administrative apparatus. Temple” The problem with this traditional view, however, is that no clear The Tandy Institute of Southwestern is pleased to become a capital city matching this historical reconstruction has emerged consortium member of the Karnak Great Hypostyle Hall Project under from the archaeological record nor is it evident in the textual record. the direction of Peter J. Brand, University of Memphis. One of the This paper takes a historical revisionist approach to the founding longstanding goals of the project has been to scientifically reproduce of Memphis and provides a historiographical framework for the and accurately date the reliefs inscribed on the west wall of the Cour development and transmission of the myth of Memphis as presented de la Cachette. in the Classical sources. For many decades, Egyptologists believed these scenes were the continuation of those of Ramesses II on the south wall. In 1980, Frank Christina Olson (East Carolina University), “Lost Among Treasures: Yurco of the University of Chicago hypothesized that Merneptah, An Analysis of Forgotten Pots in the Albright Attic” Ramesses II’s successor, in fact commissioned the scenes. Considerable The Jane Dows Nies Memorial Building was completed in 1925 debate ensued, for Yurco also believe that the scenes on the west as the permanent headquarters for the American Schools of Oriental wall gave a pictorial representation of enemies listed on Merneptah’s Research in Jerusalem, later renamed as the W. F. Albright Institute Victory Stela (the so-called Israel Stela). of Archaeological Research (AIAR). The Dows Nies building has Unfortunately, the condition of the scenes made it impossible to served as one of the primary research centers for archaeologists determine if the captives depicted on the west wall can be equated with working in the southern Levant to this day. A recent 2015 foray by any people group listed in the Victory Stela and no clear markers of Rachel Hallote of Purchase College SUNY into the attic of the Albright the ethnicity of the enemies survive. To complicate matters, cartouches Institute revealed a number of artifacts including a saddle (possibly on the west wall contain the name of Sety II, Merneptah’s successor, William F. Albright’s own), Clarence S. Fisher’s survey equipment, but these have been altered. Scholars who doubted Yurco’s theory and materials from various excavation projects. In addition, several believed that Ramesses II’s name had been altered as well. This would crates of unmarked pottery were discovered. The accumulation of lead to three theoretical phases of usurpation—under Merneptah, unprovenienced ceramic collections in museums and archaeological Amenmesse, and Sety II. institutions is not uncommon. These artifacts often lie untouched Work beginning in December 2016 will build on this foundation and ignored, perceived as unimportant and uninformative. There is, provided by the 2004–2005 season with the goal of scientifically however, relevant and significant information that can be gleaned examining and accurately reproducing the scenes in order to better from these collections. understand the internal history of the Nineteenth Dynasty, the As ceramics of the Albright attic have been deposited among the usurpations of Sety II and Amenmesse, the placement of the war scenes other objects, wrapped in old newspapers and piled in baskets, they in the reign of Merneptah, and the ideology behind the decorations. have gained a history beyond their archaeological context. This paper will present the pottery, identifying connections between the objects and past projects of the Albright. In doing so, a plausible “depositional history” for the ceramics in the attic will be proposed. Finally, this paper will demonstrate that even when divorced from their archaeological contexts, artifacts contribute to the history of their individual sites, and of their secondary home, in this case the AIAR.

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Samuel Wolff (Israel Antiquities Authority), “Alan Rowe: An Almost- four-meter-square digging areas. The field exposed eight occupation Forgotten Episode at Tel Gezer” strata corresponding to building phases being exposed at and outside Alan Rowe (1890–1968) was an active archaeologist/Egyptologist the city defense walls. who led several projects in Egypt, Palestine, and Cyrenaica. He was The earliest of these eight strata were two phases of Late Bronze an autodidact who eventually became Lecturer at the University of A-B stone-lined ash pits with contents suggestive of cultic “high places” Manchester. He had a checkered career, having directed important elsewhere in the Levant. Above them were four Iron I and II domestic excavations at Giza (Egypt), Beth Shan (Palestine), Meydum (Egypt), streets and homes, then to Persian and Hellenistic large administrative Cyrene (Libya), and elsewhere, but was passed over for several structures and finally to a Late Roman aristocratic villa. positions that he had applied for. He was largely forgotten by the During “gap” periods when there was no evidence of construction archaeological community in his later years and died in debt. This or occupation anywhere on Tell Halif, several isolated burials on lecture will focus on his brief but significant excavation at Tel Gezer in the hilltop in Field II helped to confirm the general abandonment 1934, which revealed some of the most important finds from the Early of this strategic fortress hill at Judah’s southwest frontier in periods Bronze Age ever to have been found at the site. immediately following invasions by the Babylonian, Persian, and Ptolemaic empires. Charles Jones (Penn State University), “The History of the Study of Antiquity Through the Lens of Autobiography: A Project Report” Susan Arter (San Diego Natural History Museum), “An Ethno- The project on the History of the Study of Antiquity Through the Zooarchaeological Study at Khirbet Khuweilifeh (Northern Negev, Lens of Autobiography began in the Spring and Summer of 2014 with Israel)” the entangling of threads in a long-standing research interest in the During the 1976 through 1979 seasons, Lahav Research Project history of the study of the ancient Near East and of old world antiquity investigations at Tell Halif included ethnographic research and more generally. This report will present reflections on the genesis of excavations on the near terrace just east of the site where early 20th the project, the development of a working bibliography of the project century C.E. remains of Khirbet Khuweilifeh are located. Animal and its associated blog, and on potential outcomes and plans for the bones recovered during excavations at Cave Complex A, one of the future. dwelling enclosures occupied until 1947, were studied and compared with the ethno-historically derived picture of subsistence at the site. 2F. Forty Years of Excavation at Tell Halif Khuweilifeh was a mixed farming/pastoral community reliant on meat, milk, and labor of domestic animals. In company with information CHAIR: Joe Seger (Mississippi State University), Presiding from ethnographic interviews, the zooarchaeological data provide insights into the lifeways of the fellahin family that lived in Complex A. J. P. Dessel (University of Tennessee), “The Late Bronze Age Settlement at Tell Halif” Haskel Greenfield (University of Manitoba) and Annie Brown In Phase I of the Lahav Research Project, four significant Late (University of Manitoba), “From Stone to Metal: Changes in Animal Bronze Age strata were excavated at Tell Halif. This Late Bronze Age Butchering Technology at Tell Halif” settlement followed a roughly 700 year gap in occupation that began In recent years, research has suggested that the transition from at the end of the EB III. The regeneration of the site began in the LB stone to metal (i.e. bronze) technology occurred between the end IA, Stratum XI, with overall continuity through the end of the LB IIB of the Early Bronze Age and beginning of the Late Bronze Age. Yet, (Stratum X–LB IB, Stratum IX–LB IIA, and Stratum VIII–LB IIB). The relatively few metal (bronze) objects survive the vagaries of the Late Bronze Age settlement is characterized by domestic architecture, recycling, destruction, and loss of most metal objects from the earliest and the appearance of imported Cypriot pottery such as white slipped bronze metal using periods. As a result, it is difficult if not impossible ware, base ring, and bichrome ware. This paper will examine subtle but to determine the importance of bronze metallurgy in sites during the important changes in the architectural plan over the LB I and II, that Bronze Age. Microscopic analysis is one means for identifying the might provide insights into the changing function of the site. Special nature of butchering technology. In this paper, we present the results attention will be given to the Stratum X central courtyard house and of our study on the microscopic butchering marks found on animal the Stratum VIII granary and reexamine them in light of forty years of bones form the site of Tell Halif, a prominent settlement located in the recent Late Bronze Age discoveries from the Shephelah and Central Judean hills overlooking the foothills and the coastal plain in southern Hill Country. This paper will also resituate the Late Bronze Age village Israel. The site has been inhabited since the Chalcolithic and served at Tell Halif as another example of the long-lived rural village and as an important economic center since the beginning of the Early discuss its relationship to nearby urban centers. Bronze Age (Phase I). Faunal remains with evidence of butchering were recovered by the Lahav Archaeological Research Project between Michael Stewart (Independent Scholar) and Dan Cole (Lake Forest 1976 and 1987 are reanalyzed for evidence of changes in butchering College), “Iron Age to Roman Occupations Inside Tell Halif’s technology patterns through the Bronze Age and later periods at Halif. Defense Walls” In 1976 a probe into the central high ground at Tell Halif revealed Oded Borowski (Emory University),“Lahav Research Project: Phase occupation remains well inside the Fields I and III defense walls, later IV—A Summary” robbing trenches, and down-slope erosions. During the 1977, 1978 and Phase IV of the Lahav Research Project was conducted over 1979 seasons a grid field was opened which ultimately extended to 16 several field seasons starting in 2007. The effort concentrated in a

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new field, Field V, located south of and adjacent to Field IV that was defined in anthropology as a social organization of culture difference, excavated in Phase III, along the inner side of the city fortification ethnicity, like other identities, is generated, confirmed, or transformed system. Excavations continued to uncover remains dating to the late in the course of interaction and transaction between decision-making eighth century B.C.E. overlying remains from the earlier Iron Age II individuals. Furthermore, ethnic groups are seen as self-defining period and covered by remains dating to the Roman/Byzantine period systems that are recognizable through certain aspects of their material interspersed with materials from the Persian/Hellenistic periods. culture, such as language, belief system, economic way of life, social This paper presents a summary of the finds uncovered in Phase organization, etc. Although identification of these and other aspects IV of the project with a preliminary analysis of the remains. in the archaeological contexts can be problematic, a detailed study of a range of characteristics of the preserved material culture is useful Timothy Frank (University of Bern) and Cynthia Shafer-Elliott to reconstruct ethnic identity of ancient groups on a large scale. The (William Jessup University), “The Daily Bread at Tell Halif: An underlying expectation being that ethnic processes ran their courses Overview of Food Production and Consumption” as a whole range of small-scale local events, involving small groups During the course of excavations in Fields IV and V on the of people. By drawing analogies with better understood ethnographic western edge of Tell Halif, several strands of evidence on food and ethnohistorical examples, this paper aims to assess the Kassites production and food consumption have been uncovered and partly ethnic identity in the light of the available historical and archaeological analyzed. This paper takes these various strands of evidence to records within a chronological framework. present an overview picture of food production and consumption at Tell Halif during the Iron Age IIB. Faunal and botanical analyses will Jonathan Valk (Institute for the Study of Ancient World, NYU), “The be combined with spatial analyses of ovens, hearths, and other food Aramaization of Assyria: Linguistic Identities in Flux” processing installations and equipment. While the resulting picture is In the first half of the first millennium B.C.E., Aramaic gradually not exceptional, it can give an indication of the mundane lifeways at displaced Akkadian as the language of choice for purposes of Tell Halif and serve as a discussion point for further study. administration and correspondence in the Assyrian Empire. This process of “Aramaization” has traditionally been understood to 2G. Material Culture and Identities in the Eastern Mediterranean II be the result of a massive influx of Aramaic-speaking peoples into the Assyrian heartland by means of both voluntary migration and CHAIRS: Helen Malko (Columbia University) and Serdar Yalcin forcible transfer. In the process, Aramaic is thought to have become (Columbia University), Presiding the dominant language of popular speech in Assyria proper. But to what extent is this account tenable, and what are the implications of Nathanael Shelley (Columbia University), “The Language of Aramaization for Assyrian identity? Difference: Ethno-Symbolic Identities in Greek, Hebrew, and By exploring the interface of language and identity, this paper Babylonian Texts” proposes to revisit the concept of Aramaization and challenges the This paper investigates the concepts of ethnicity and race in dominant paradigm: Aramaization was not primarily a product the language of three related cultures from the ancient eastern of migration, but rather of the vernacularization of what was an Mediterranean and suggests that there is a striking difference between already largely Aramaic-speaking Assyrian society. There are thus the depictions in the late second millennium from those in the first two linguistic identities in the Neo-Assyrian period. On the one millennium B.C.E. The paper presents the results of my dissertation hand is a privileged Assyrian identity that is expressed materially research, which analyzes key ethnological terms, in their original in the cuneiform medium and in Akkadian, bearing a prestigious languages and contexts, in order to determine their similarity to and and longstanding cultural tradition associated with the established difference from a modern anthropological definition of ethnicity. It Assyrian elites. On the other hand is an identity that emerges from employs an ethno-symbolic approach to social identity to evaluate below, expressed materially in the consonantal alphabetic script and the similarity and difference of terms for so-called “ethnic groups” in Aramaic. As this paper makes clear, Aramaization was a dynamic in Ancient Greek, Biblical Hebrew, and Middle Babylonian. The process that straddled the tension between these two cultural and evaluation is carried out using a historical comparative approach, linguistic identities, and an examination of this phenomenon has the first in three individual case studies and then synthetically. The potential to shed much new light on Neo-Assyrian social and political study attempts to provide a documentary foundation for the critical, history. theoretical use of ancient documents in social and identity research, and the results suggest that a named collective of people from the first Lisa Saladino Haney (University of Pennsylvania), “Royal Identity millennium B.C.E. or later could be an ethnic group in the modern during the Reign of Senwosret III” sense of the term (an ethnie), but that such terminology is generally As a result of the political instability during the First Intermediate imprecise before 1000 B.C.E. period a greater sense of self-reliance developed, giving rise both textually and visually to the increased prominence of the individual Helen Malko (Columbia University), “Defining and Identifying the during Egypt’s Middle Kingdom. Further, a dramatic shift began in the Kassites of Babylonia” mode of royal self-representation, which peaked during the reign of Although Mesopotamian scholars have always regarded the Senwosret III. Early scholars perceived a portrait-like realism inherent Kassites as a foreign ethnic group with a distinctive cultural background, in the images of that king, which they believed reflected his true self. the question of their ethnic identity has to be further explored. Broadly This new style then became associated with a genre of literary texts

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referencing the early 12th Dynasty that portrayed the king as a tired, The harpists’ songs are a critical component of the tomb decoration careworn shepherd of the people. in TT50, and I argue that the songs were articulated with the rest of the However, more recent analysis aimed at texts specifically from tomb decoration on three primary levels, namely their employment in the reign of Senwosret III has offered new insight into interpreting the Neferhotep’s archiving of previous New Kingdom traditions of tomb statuary. Texts including the Hymns to Senwosret III and the Semna decoration, their role in the performance that the tomb embodied and stelae indicate that these images served as a composite representation signified, and their role in the architectural and orientational layout of of the many values reflected in the contemporary documentation. the tomb-chapel. This relationship was hugely significant to the tomb- Therefore, while rendered using much more naturalistic elements, the owner’s construction of his identity, and I discuss the transtextual royal statuary of this period represented a portrait of kingship, not a and spatial relationships of the songs with one another, in order to portrait of the king. understand the overall coherence and symbolism of the tomb-chapel’s This paper will explore the role of royal statuary under Senwosret decorative scheme, and Neferhotep’s self-definition and construction III, focusing especially on the complexities of his reign, which likely of identity through the songs and through that decoration. included a 20-year-long coregency with his son Amenemhet III. While many scholars have examined the statuary of this period, few 2H. Archaeology of the Byzantine Near East have accounted for the possible effects coregency may have had on the Egyptian view of kingship and on the expression of royal identity. CHAIR: Melissa Bailey (University of Maryland, Baltimore County), Presiding Dan Belnap (Brigham Young University) and Aaron Schade (Brigham Young University), “‘I Am Azatiwada … and May This Debra Foran (Wilfrid Laurier University), “The Villagers and Monks City Possess Grain and Wine’: Altruistic Identity in the Phoenician/ of Nebo during the Byzantine Period” Luwian Bilingual Inscriptions of Azatiwada” Khirbat al-Mukhayyat is located approximately 2.5 km southeast This paper will examine the multiple identities of Azatiwada of Mount Nebo. The site is famous for the churches and mosaics as presented within the inscriptions, and the function of the text in dating to the Byzantine period that were uncovered by the Franciscan establishing a new, innovative religio-social identity initiated by him. Archaeological Mission in the 1930s. In 2012, the Khirbat al- We will additionally examine the significance of the inscription’s Mukhayyat Archaeological Project (KMAP) was established in order location, as well as its language and linguistic features (from both a to investigate the sacred landscape around the site and explore the Luwian and Phoenician perspective), which provide further evidence economic impact of pilgrimage across multiple cultural and historical to the unique identity features extant within the inscriptions. periods. One of the objectives of this project is to explore the Byzantine Similar to other self-promoting inscriptions of the northern village at Mukhayyat and study its relationship to pilgrimage and the Levant, one of the primary functions of the Azatiwada inscriptions is monastic communities of Mount Nebo. to demonstrate the singular greatness of Azatiwada, both individually After KMAP’s inaugural season in 2014, it became clear that the and as part of the larger regional hierarchy. Yet the inscriptions remains of the Byzantine village are located on the eastern slopes of the also appear to reflect an altruistic element not commonly found site and not on the tell itself. The Church of Amos and Kasiseus, one of in such texts, as Azatiwada notes the institution of a city-specific three churches at the site, is located within the village and likely served cultic calendar, which leads off a section of the inscription explicitly as the community’s worship space. The other two churches are located concerned with the current and future well-being of the city and its on the tell itself and do not appear to be associated with any other inhabitants perpetuated by that institution. The significance of these Byzantine structures. In addition, a small monastery (the Monastery unique elements is accentuated by the placement of the inscription on of al-Kanisah) is located on a ridge to the east of the Byzantine village. orthostats that make up part of the two gates of the city, as well as in a The question remains: Why did the inhabitants of Byzantine cultic site just inside one of the gates; liminal locations of high visibility Nebo settle on the eastern slope of the site and not on the tell itself? that were often used to define a city proper. Did their relationship to the prosperous monasteries of the region or the flourishing pilgrimage trade affect their decision to settle in this Maxwell Stocker (Texas Tech University), “Identity and Tomb specific area? Decoration in the Theban Necropolis: A Study of the Tomb-Chapel of Neferhotep (TT50)” Marica Cassis (Memorial University of Newfoundland), “Searching My paper focuses on the 18th Dynasty tomb-chapel of the high for Anatolia in the Middle Byzantine and Seljuk Periods” priest Neferhotep (TT50), which is located in Sheikh Abd el-Qurna There is a strange silence surrounding the Middle Byzantine and in the necropolis of western Thebes, and which is unique among Seljuk periods in central and northern Anatolia, one that is particularly all known Egyptian tombs in containing three separate examples of remarkable given the significance of the region in the respective the literary genre known as harpists’ songs. In line with the session’s histories of these two groups. However, as increasing numbers of sites theme of material culture and identities, I investigate the relationship are excavated and surveyed that contain the remains of these periods between the owner and his tomb decoration with respect to identity, (such as Çadır Höyük, Amorium, and Sinop), new questions can be and I discuss and analyze how the tomb-owner constructed his raised about whether it is possible to better understand Anatolia in identity through the nature and arrangement of his tomb decoration, the period extending from the 9th–13th centuries. Indeed, careful through the location and content of the harpists’ songs, and through examination of both the archaeological and literary evidence from this the articulation of those songs with the surrounding tomb decoration. period suggests that the region had a much more complex local social

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and cultural organization than has been considered. Through two case consumption. The role of island socio-geography in structuring this studies, I will discuss the evidence for Middle Byzantine and Seljuk change will also be briefly considered communities in central Anatolia. The first of these will examine the evidence for small-scale 3A. Landscapes of Settlement in the Ancient Near East I communities and the contact between them, largely exemplified in the regional goods present in the archaeological contexts of sites such as CHAIR: Emily Hammer (University of Chicago), Presiding Çadır Höyük. The second case study will consider the Seljuk takeover Catherine Kearns (University of Chicago), “Messy Countrysides: of Anatolia through the analysis of archaeological remains, particularly Discerning the Landscape Practices of Emerging Iron Age from the 11th–13th centuries, in order to examine the effect that the Communities” Seljuks had on some of these small communities in Anatolia. As archaeologists and historians of the 21st century, we are Kenneth G. Holum (University of Maryland, College Park), setting a remarkable precedent for the use of diverse and sophisticated “Christianizing Caesarea: A Narrative from Archaeology Alone” technologies to understand ancient landscapes, settlement dynamics, Scholars have long wrestled with the issue of why the and shifting environments. From satellite-based inspections to Mediterranean world turned from ancient polytheism ca. 300–500 geophysical surveys, our knowledge of the spaces and places of the C.E. and became overwhelmingly Christian. More and more, a focus eastern Mediterranean and Near East is, rightly, intensifying in rigor of research has become the religious monuments that dominated and greatly enhancing our field. Arguably, for the study of protohistoric major cities, where grandiose polytheist temples gave way to Christian and historic sedentary societies, these multiscalar investigations are churches, often on the same sites. We do in fact possess a number of predominantly targeted at the city and its associated spatial features, written narratives, almost all from Christian patristic authors, that put and the contours of noncity/rural practices are often blurred into the forward arguments about how the Christian God displayed power in concept of the agropastoral countryside. The divergent and diachronic the destruction of temples and the rise of monumental churches across “taskscapes” of this countryside, and their interrelationships with the urban landscape, but scholars have cast doubt on the reliability changing institutions and environmental constituents, tend to be of such narratives, which obviously represent the theological mind- defined against developing urban spatialities and political histories. set of their authors and must therefore be unreliable. Notable, much- This paper offers an entryway for thinking about recent methods and discussed temple-to-church transitions took place, in the Levant, in interpretive challenges of studying the “messy” complexities of land Aelia Capitolina-Jerusalem, Apamea in Syria, Gaza, and, of course, and environment during the eighth–seventh centuries B.C.E., when in Alexandria with the demise of the Serapeum. Strikingly, so far emergent politics established enduring social distinctions between archaeologists have not contributed much to this discussion, evincing town and hinterland. By way of an example from southern Cyprus, little interest in the survival of temples or in their eventual fate. the paper questions the biases of traditional approaches to the Iron An exception is our discovery of the Roma and Augustus temple Age countryside and interrogates the use of integrative spatial and at Caesarea, replaced ca. 500 in the city center by an octagonal martyr paleoenvironmental analyses. In doing so, it confronts the benefits, church. Unknown from written sources, this case of transition has and limitations, of studying the dynamic intersections between yielded its secrets—we believe—to careful excavation and exhaustive developing regional economies and inequalities, shifts in landscapes study of the physical evidence, and thus we are able to propose an and environments, and local practices. articulated narrative of religious change. In this paper I will invite Jonathan White (University of Buffalo), “Cities in Bronze: Cyprus critique of our narrative constructed from archaeology alone. and Shang” Ian Randall (Brown University), “Material Shifts and Island The Late Bronze Age was a time of rapid urbanization in the Connections: Assembling Cyprus from the Seventh to the Tenth eastern Mediterranean and southwest Asia. On the Greek mainland, Centuries C.E.” on wave-washed Cyprus and in the highlands of Anatolia, the cities From the seventh to tenth centuries C.E., the island of Cyprus of the Mycenaeans, Cypriots, and Hittites developed to join those of was subject to an agreement of condominium between the Byzantine Egypt, the Levant, and Mesopotamia in an extended network of trade Empire and the Umayyad and then Abbasid Caliphates. Just how this and urbanism. Far to the east, the civilization later known as the Shang condominium functioned, or what the exact nature of the interaction Dynasty came to power in the Yellow River valley. Archaeology from between the Cypriots and the nearby Muslim world was, are questions Shang sites dating to the later half of the second millennium B.C.E. that have yet to be definitely answered. This paper will examine the confirms the presence of major settlements and palace centers, as recently excavated material from Agioi Pente at Yeroskipou and well as some of the oldest writing and finest bronze work in China. A Panagia Kofinou to gain a greater insight into shifting patterns of comparison of these two urban systems will include an examination of material culture at this crucial time. These assemblages will then be the cities of a thalassic and mercantile state versus those of an interior compared with other published material to provide an island-wide and imperial one, how access to resources influences settlement synopsis of diachronic material change, as well as the implications for patterns, the role of the copper and bronze trade in two very different continued interaction and exchange with the Muslim East. It will be civilizations that relied on it, and the collapse of those civilizations. The seen that peaceful relations with the Muslim world continued, and urban system of Cyprus and that of the Shang share a similar affinity even influenced trends in ceramic and metallurgical production and for bronze and therefore, a need for rich and reliable copper deposits. Cypriot urban centers coalesced out of earlier settlements in direct

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response to the exploitation of the island’s copper deposits, while Yuval Gadot (Tel Aviv University), “Assyrian Influence on Jerusalem’s Shang centers developed in response to earlier urban centers of the Rural and Urban Landscape” so-called Erligang and Erlitou Cultures. The Shang nonetheless made This paper is aimed at exploring dramatic changes taking place in sure to maintain regional outposts to oversee the same copper deposits Jerusalem’s rural and urban landscape as the city came under Assyrian as their predecessors. imperial domination. Judah became a vassal kingdom as early as the second part of the eighth century B.C.E. Following the 701 B.C.E. Pinar Durgun (Brown University), “‘My Lands Are Where My Dead campaign by Sennacherib, this rule become even more direct and Lie Buried’: Mortuary Landscapes and Memories in Bronze Age effective. Concurrently with these political events, Jerusalem grew Anatolia” dramatically in size and population and changed its urban layout as Extramural cemeteries are part of the visual, social, and symbolic new neighborhoods and public buildings were constructed in places landscapes of settlements. The spatial separation between habitation uninhabited before. A surge forward is also noticed in the effective areas and mortuary spaces gives us a unique opportunity to look at exploitation of the rural landscape. This paper explores some of the how landscape shapes, and is shaped by, social, practical, and symbolic new developments, namely the reorganization of the city’s hinterland activities. I suggest that with the transition from intramural burials and the intensified exploitation of its surroundings for agriculture, the to the emergence of extramural cemeteries, mortuary space became introduction of new water facilities meant for conspicuous consumption not only a communal place for its inhabitants, but also a landmark of water, the introduction of a new building plan, and the ambitious for commemorating local or regional histories. The Early Bronze Age construction of new neighborhoods. These developments join other in Anatolia marks the beginning of the custom of burying the dead previously noted changes in the material culture of Jerusalem’s elite. outside the settlements, mostly in the form of collective, large-scale It will be suggested that these new developments should be explored cemeteries. Western and central Anatolian cemeteries show evidence within the framework of the Assyrian ruling strategies and the cultural for long-term memory of these earliest extramural cemeteries in later and political negotiation between Judah’s elite and the Assyrian empire. periods, either reused as cemeteries, or marked as important places in the landscape. In this paper I will investigate the role of landscape 3B. The Levantine Ceramics Project: Petro-Fabrics of the Southern in the formation of identities, claims on resources, and continuation Levant of social and ritual practices in Bronze Age Anatolia, by looking at the spatial organization of extramural cemeteries, their location in the CHAIR: Andrea M. Berlin (Boston University), Presiding landscape, their distance from the corresponding settlement, and their orientation in relation to geographical features. Kamal Badreshany (Durham University), “Petro-Fabrics of Southern Lebanon” Rolland Long (University of Chicago) and Joshua Cannon (University The different petro-fabrics appearing in pottery produced in of Chicago), “Mapping Historical Geography in Hittite Anatolia” southern Lebanon will be discussed. The diachronic changes in This presentation will detail ongoing efforts to map out the the uses of these sources will be presented according to studies of historical geography of Central Anatolia. The Center for Ancient assemblages from a group of sites in these regions. Middle Eastern Landscapes (CAMEL) of the University of Chicago is currently using a multi-disciplinary approach to map out the route Anastasia Shapiro (Israel Antiquities Authority), “Petro-Fabrics of and sites of the Hittite AN.TAH.SUM festival. The festival consisted of the Galilee and Northern Coastal Plain, Israel” a series of smaller festivals held at numerous sites around the Hittite This paper reviews about 20 years of petrographic investigations capital of Hattusa. The Hittite king toured these sites and performed of pottery from numbers of the archaeological excavations conducted ceremonies at each location. While the names of the sites visited by the Israel Antiquities Authority in Galilee and northern coastal are given in Hittite texts, few locations have been identified in the plain of Israel. The studied sequences represent a pottery repertoire archaeological record. Fortunately these settlements are major sites, from rural villages and administrative centers, ranging in date from such as Hattusa and Ankuwa (Alişar Höyük), and are convenient the Hellenistic to Mameluke period, and including storage jars, anchor points through which smaller, intermediary sites might be cooking pots, fine and plain wares. The main feature that ties together identified. the assemblages represented here is that they are the products of local We are approaching the problem of identifying these sites through manufacturing centers. The results of the petrographic studies affirm three methods. The first is the identification of potential candidates that potters of different cultural phases exploited the same geological through a detailed GIS databasing of archaeological survey data formations collected from published reports. The second is the development of a Paula Waiman-Barak (Haifa University), “Petro-Fabrics of the relative network of sites based on data derived from Hittite texts. This Carmel Coast, Israel” draws on military itineraries and texts that discuss the positioning of The different petro-fabrics appearing in pottery produced in sites relative to each other. To supplement this approach, we are also the Carmel coastal plain of Israel will be discussed. The diachronic using Tobler and Wineburgh’s statistical gravity model, which relates changes in the uses of these sources in the Iron Age will be presented the proximity of sites by the number of times they are mentioned according to studies of assemblages from a group of sites in this region. together in texts. Finally, we are performing least distance path analyses on ASTER imagery in an attempt to determine potential pathways, through which we can also identify archaeological candidates.

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Barak Monnickendam-Givon (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), personnel training for MOA staff, ARCE began with conducting field “Southern Phoenician Wares: A Ceramicist’s Perspective” schools in archaeology and expanded to include training in the areas Recent excavations at sites along the northern coastal plain of object and architectural conservation, field photography, epigraphy, of modern Israel have yielded a rich sequence of well-stratified and and creating and training the staff of Egypt’s first museum registrar’s datable pottery assemblages dated to the classical periods. The pottery department at Cairo’s Egyptian Museum. assemblages from excavations such as Tel Dor, Horvat Eleq at Ramat The program came about as a result of a devastating earthquake Hanadiv, and the Hebrew University excavations at Akko, assist in that struck Cairo in 1992 and damaged several historic monuments forming a regional ware classification of southern Phoenicia. Those and the desire of several US Senators to extend a gesture of assistance three projects are part of a larger effort of categorizing and defining to Egypt. USAID was designated as the funding agency and ARCE was the different ceramic wares produced and consumed in southern selected to devise and implement a meaningful program. This paper Phoenicia. reviews twenty years of ARCE’s work, funded by USAID and carried I will discuss methodological aspects of ware analysis from a out in concert with Egypt’s MOA, and looks at a selection of successful ceramicist’s perspective, working alongside the petrographer as well as projects. other scholars in neighboring regions. I will focus on macroscopic ware analysis using a portable USB digital microscope, a method that has Michael Jones (American Research Center in Egypt), “Archaeology become popular in recent years for sampling a large number of vessels. and Anastylosis at the Red Monastery Church, Sohag” The use of macroscopic analysis is complementary to thin section Since 2003, the American Research Center in Egypt has been petrographic analysis or NAA as a mean of classifying, arranging, and conducting a conservation project at the sixth century church of determining ware groups and does not seek to replace them. I will St. Bigol and St. Bishai (the Red Monastery Church) near Sohag in explore the advantages of macroscopic analysis and it’s limits. Lastly, I Upper Egypt. The project has involved wall painting cleaning and will discuss the role of technological aspects in pottery production as conservation, architectural conservation, archaeological excavation a significant criterion of defining different wares in conjunction with and building archaeology, and documentation. The first phase of geological provenance. the project, completed in 2014, focused mainly on the Late Antique wall paintings in the enclosed sanctuary. Now, the second phase has Anat Cohen-Weinberger (Israel Antiquities Authority), “Petro- embarked on a program of wall painting conservation and architectural Fabrics of the Judaean-Samarian Mountains, Israel” restoration in the nave aimed at rescuing the historic remains from This paper reviews the raw materials that have been used for neglect and displaying them to the local community and to visitors. pottery manufacturing in the Judean-Samarian mountains. The data The Red Monastery Church has been saved from obscurity but contribute to the petro-fabrics records of the LCP web site. is now at the center of a vigorously expanding community. New buildings, agriculture and population growth affect its preservation. David Ben-Shlomo (Ariel University), “Petro-Fabrics of the For conservation to succeed, the work of the project needs to be Shephelah and Southern Coastal Plain, Israel” integrated into these developments by supporting the expectations of The different petro-fabrics appearing in pottery produced in the the community while maintaining international standards. Shephelah and southern coastal plains of Israel will be discussed. The This paper will present archaeological evidence and archival diachronic changes in the uses of these sources throughout the Bronze research that informs the on-going conservation. It will discuss essential and Iron Ages will be presented according to studies of assemblages critical decisions, the reasons for change and how modifications from a group of sites in these regions. resulting from conservation interventions have been negotiated in the context of living religious heritage while taking into account the need 3C. Archaeology of Egypt III to maintain authenticity and the social and economic values of the site.

CHAIR: Michael Jones (American Research Center in Egypt), John Shearman (American Research Center in Egypt), “ARCE Presiding Luxor: Site Improvement, Job Creation, and Conservation Projects on Egyptian Cultural Heritage Sites” Gerry Scott (American Research Center in Egypt), “The Conservation In 2011, the American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE) received and Training Efforts of the American Research Center in Egypt, a grant from the United States Agency for International Development 1995–2016” (USAID) to focus on temporary employment for local head of families, Since 1995, the American Research Center in Egypt (ARCE) due to the downturn in tourism as a result of the revolution. The grant has conducted an ambitious program of monument conservation was very successful and ARCE received a second grant to continue the and personnel training in Egypt. Now numbering more than ninety job creation and training project in 2015. successful projects, these efforts have been carried out in collaboration The grants encompass cultural heritage site improvements, with Egypt’s Ministry of Antiquities (MOA) and the United States temporary jobs for locals, conservation and archaeology field Agency for International Development (USAID). This unique and schools for Ministry of Antiquities employees. The project not only innovative collaboration has been responsible for the conservation prepared and improved the sites for tourists but also injected badly of objects and monuments from Coptic icons to the iconic temples needed currency into the local economy. At the completion of both of Karnak and Luxor. In date, the subjects of these projects have grants, ARCE Luxor will have provided temporary employment for spanned a range from the prehistoric period to the Ottoman era. As to

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approximately 1,300 workers for 24 continuous months and opened multidisciplinary team has undertaken macro- and microscopic new heritage sites for tourists. The cultural heritage sites include: analyses of the area and its remains. In this presentation, the results of Khonsu Temple (Karnak) these more recent studies are presented and placed in larger context. Mut Temple (Karnak Complex) In particular, the nature of Early Bronze architecture, the spatial Luxor Temple distribution of activities, and the nature of activities in an Early Bronze Isis Temple at Deir el Shelwit neighborhood, and the size and scale of the Early Bronze occupation at Sheik Abdel Qurna (Nobles Tombs) the site will be considered. Dra Abu el Naga (Nobles Tombs) Qurniet Mauri (Nobles Tombs) Shira Albaz (Bar-Ilan University), Itzhaq Shai (Ariel University), TT110 (Tomb of Djehuty) Aren Maeir (Bar-Ilan University) and Haskel Greenfield (University TT110 area (Qurna Lower Enclosure) of Manitoba), “Foundation Deposit as Domestic Ritual in EB III at TT286 (Tomb of Niay) Tell es-Safi/Gath” TT159 (Tomb of Raya) The phenomenon of foundation deposits is quite common during the Intermediate, Middle and Late Bronze Age at sites in the Mark Lehner (Ancient Egypt Research Associates) and Richard southern Levant (e.g., Israel); however, they are relatively rare during W. Redding (Ancient Egypt Research Associates), “On the Cutting the Early Bronze Age. In this paper we will present for the first time Edge: How Hypotheses Help Teach Field Schools at the Pyramid the assemblage of foundation deposits that were found in the EB III Builders’ City” urban center of Tell es-Safi/Gath, where excavations have uncovered In field schools sponsored by the American Research Center in the remains of a number of EB III houses in a residential nonelite Egypt (ARCE) and deployed by Ancient Egypt Research Associates neighborhood. The particular significance of these deposits is that (AERA), young archaeologists working for the Egyptian government’s they provide a window into domestic religious practice not only at Ministry of Antiquities are embedded in interdisciplinary excavations Tell es-Safi/Gath specifically, but have important implications for at the Heit el-Ghurab (Wall of the Crow) site, the so-called Workers understanding domestic religious practices during the early urban Town, where the builders of the Fourth Dynasty Giza pyramids (ca. phases of the Early Bronze Age in general. 2500 B.C.) arrayed their settlement and infrastructure. As students The uniqueness of these deposits is that most of the other examples learn basic skills in archaeological excavation and recording, they also of Early Bronze Age foundation deposits in Israel derive from sacred learn how to think about the information they excavate, document, contexts (e.g., Megiddo, Khirbet Zeraqun and Tell Yaqush), burial and conserve. Students think critically about ideas that guide contexts (e.g., Kinneret) or gate complexes and fortifications (e.g., research. They formulate and test hypotheses that contribute to the Leviah site and Arad). While the deposits from Tell es-Safi/Gath primary research objectives. During the 2015 teaching—excavation are from clear domestic contexts, our preliminary analysis of the of a cattle corral and meat processing compound—material culture, assemblage suggests a similarity between quotidian and cultic vessels. artifacts, and ancient architecture combined in one structure to provide the signature of an official’s residence, or a residential office. Michael Homan (Xavier University of Louisiana), “The Copper Team members and students could then identify the same elements Foundation of Social Stratification: Imperial Metal Source Shifts in prior AERA excavations of residences within other compounds, of from Oman and Jordan to Cyprus in the Middle Bronze Age” different function. The discovery provided a key to the administration, Early Cypriot society, which had at times flirted with but ultimately social hierarchy, and economic structure that supported the building rejected adopting large-scale social complexity, notably and rapidly of Egypt’s largest pyramids. It was a lesson in one of the AERA field increased social stratification during the transition from the Middle school mottos: “We are not looking for things; we are looking for Cypriot to the Late Cypriot periods (ca. 1700–1450 B.C.E.). Due information,” which requires appreciation for context and critical largely to the onset of Cyprus’s international copper trade, dramatic thinking. shifts occur in architecture, settlement location and population, material culture, art, the treatment of women, and funerary practices, 3D. Archaeology of the Near East: Bronze and Iron Ages I all demonstrating a new situation where powerful elites sought to control the population. Furthermore, Cyprus and its copper resources CHAIR: Eric Welch (University of Kansas), Presiding are mentioned for the first time in written sources from Egypt, Mari, and Babylon. This early stratification of Cypriot society will provide Haskel Greenfield (University of Manitoba), Aren Maeir (Bar- the foundation for what would later culminate with the formation of a Ilan University), Itzhaq Shai (Ariel University), Tina Greenfield secondary state in the Late Cypriot IIA–B period (1450–1300 B.C.E.). (University of Manitoba), Shira Albaz (Bar-Ilan University), Adi These marked cultural changes from egalitarian towns to hierarchical Eliyahu (Bar-Ilan University), and Jeremy Beller (University of administrative and social systems fully engaged internationally (e.g., Victoria), “The Early Bronze Age Domestic Neighborhood at Tell es- Amarna letters, Uluburun shipwreck, monumental administrative Safi/Gath, Israel: An Update on Recent Research” buildings) take place in a strikingly short period of time when This paper provides an update on the recent and ongoing compared to societies on the Levantine mainland, which evolved excavations of the EB III nonelite neighborhood in Area E of Tell much earlier and at a substantially slower pace. In contrast to Cyprus, es-Safi/Gath, Israel. Continuously excavated since 2004, a large area the copper rich deserts of Oman and Jordan were sparsely settled until has been exposed on the eastern slope of the Tell. Since 2011, a large neighboring complex societies began to desire the metal in the EB III

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period (ca. 2700–2200 B.C.E.), when industrial sites arose near the and then became intertwined with local populations in the southern mines with clear signs of social stratification and international trade. Levant. Due to several reasons including politics, the copper sources of Feinan and Oman are abandoned, and replaced by Cyprus. Jeffrey Chadwick (Brigham Young University Jerusalem Center), “The 54 cm Canaanite Cubit in Bronze Age Canaan and Iron Age Ido Koch (University of Zurich), “Southwest Canaan in the 12th Israel, Judah, and Philistia” Century B.C.E.” Precise understanding of architectural metrics is vital in correctly The 12th century B.C.E. in southwest Canaan was a time of a measuring, understanding, and interpreting archaeological finds change. The Egyptians were gone, major urban centers lay in ashes, in the land of Israel. Based on finds from Mesopotamia and Egypt, whereas new cities have emerged, and various appropriated innovations different lineal measurements have been suggested for the ancient modified local production technologies, consumption habits, imagery, cubit, including lengths of 51.9, 52.3, 52.5, 52.9, and 53.1 cm. It has and cult practices. The archaeology of this period has in the past been been suggested that the Egyptian cubit of 52.5 cm was in common use largely based on historical assumptions deriving from extrapolation in ancient Canaan, Judah, and Israel. But this view must be adjusted, as of written sources, mainly Egyptian inscriptions and literary works it is now conclusively demonstrated that a 54 cm measurement, which alongside Biblical narratives; accordingly, common scholarly wisdom can only be regarded as a cubit, was in standard use at sites throughout has seen some major developments in various archaeological trends the land of Israel during the Early Bronze, MB II, Late Bronze, Iron I, as reflecting the arrival of new populations, predominantly the and Iron II periods. The 54 cm measurement has been documented by Philistines. Yet, other scholars have questioned the reliability of these Jeff Chadwick at 12 Bronze and Iron Age sites, including Tel Tzafit and sources and the projection of their interpretation by scholarship over Tel Miqne in the coastal plain, Tel Arad and Tel Sheva in the south, archaeological data. Consequently, they have presented alternative Tel Lachish and Tel Gezer in the center of the country, Tel Megiddo understandings of the archaeological evidence, emphasizing local and Tel Jezreel in the valley, Tel Hazor and Tel Dan in the north, and developments in the region and possible intercultural mechanisms also at Hebron and Jerusalem. The data are from both domestic and that brought about various innovations in the local settings. This paper monumental architecture, and diverse architectural components from seeks to elaborate on these observations based on the historical context mud brick to finely cut ashlar blocks. After researching this metric for of the 12th century being the zenith of both the Egyptian presence in several years, the author refers to it as the “Canaanite cubit,” since its the region and the integration of the local elite within the Egyptian origins occur early in the Bronze Age. Prior to publication of these system vis-à-vis the rapid withdrawal of the Egyptian forces and the data, the author will present them in an illustrated format at the 2016 consequential reorientation of the local social structure. ASOR Annual Meeting.

Josephine Verduci (University of Melbourne), “Metal Jewelry of 3E. The Fourth Expedition to Lachish, 2013-2016: A Report on the the Southern Levant and its Western Neighbors: Surprising Results First Four Seasons I Concerning Cross-Cultural Influences during the Early Iron Age” This paper presents the results of my Ph.D. thesis, which CHAIRS: Yosef Garfinkel (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), examines the nature of adornment during the Early Iron Age period Michael G. Hasel (Southern Adventist University), and Martin G. of the southern coastal plain of the Levant (ca. 1200–900 B.C.E.). The Klingbeil (Southern Adventist University), Presiding early stages of this period represent a departure from Late Bronze Age traditions and evidence of cross-cultural influences within the eastern Yosef Garfinkel (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “The Fourth Mediterranean. Metal jewelry is assessed from 29 sites in the southern Expedition to Lachish: Results of Seasons 2013-2016” Levant, the Aegean, and Cyprus, resulting in the creation of the first The Fourth Expedition to Lachish is working at the northeast multiregional typology of metal jewelry for the Iron Age I–IIA eastern corner of the site, in three different excavation areas: AA, BB, and Mediterranean. Qualitative and quantitative analyses differentiate CC. This lecture will summarize the new results of the four seasons subtypes and regional preferences. Combined with the scoring conducted in the years 2013-2016. New data indicates that many of artifact similarity between geographic regions, these analyses aspects of the site need new evaluations. The notable new results demonstrate specific adornment practices that link the southern include: two systems of Middle Bronze fortifications, a Late Bronze Levant to its western neighbors. stone built citadel and temple, a new Iron Age city wall (Level V?), a This paper demonstrates that in contrast to previous assumptions, new Iron Age gate, new inscriptions, new radiometric dates, and rich jewelry can be a useful tool in identifying cultural identity. Furthermore, assemblages of pottery and metal objects. I show that (contrary to expectations, perhaps), there is little to suggest Michael G. Hasel (Southern Adventist University), “The Elite Houses a distinctly Aegean presence in the jewelry of Philistia. Statistical of Area AA and the Date of the Palace-Fort of Tel Lachish” analysis of the data and distribution patterns indicates that the main From 2013–2016, a series of elite houses were excavated north of spheres of influence on the jewelry of Philistia and Cisjordan were in the Iron Age palace courtyard at Lachish. These rooms, with features fact Cyprus and Transjordan, and that these practices demonstrate dating to Levels I through IV, were very rich in finds indicating a kind of strong local traditions, although there are some anomalous Aegean elite zone near the palace-fort. This paper will explore the relationship and Anatolian features. This conclusion supports recent suggestions of these buildings with the palace, the finds, and destruction of the that the Philistines in fact arrived from multiple origins, including the area in the Assyrian and Babylonian campaigns. The orientation of Aegean, Cyprus, Anatolia, Sicily, Sardinia, and the northern Levant,

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the buildings with the palace courtyard also seems to clarify questions region on the estate Ajlan. The conclusion, therefore, is that the almost surrounding the dating of the largest Iron Age structure ever excavated uninterpretable name Wadi el-Hesi is really the Wadi al-‘Asi, or the in Israel—the Palace-Fort of Lachish. Wadi of the al-‘As clan. Such a name can only originate in the mid- seventh century C.E. Martin G. Klingbeil (Southern Adventist University), “Four Judean Bullae from the 2014 Season at Tell Lachish” Hussein Al-Sababha (Bonn University and Yarmouk University), During the 2014 season of The Fourth Expedition to Lachish, four “Islamic Pottery and Its Distribution in Agricultural Fields as a decorated epigraphic bullae, two of them made from the same seal, Marker of Land Use Throughout the Islamic Period in Northern were found in Area AA. The context was a series of rooms belonging Jordan” to a large Iron Age building, which was dated to Level III. This paper Northern Jordan is distinctly different from other parts of Jordan will discuss the epigraphic, onomastic, and iconographic aspects of the in terms of its cultural history and physical environment. This study bullae, integrating the data with the historical context of the 701 B.C.E. is part of a systematic landscape and climate analysis during the Assyrian campaign in Judah. Islamic period. The Islamicizing processes of the Byzantine-Umayyad transition, the phenomenon of “decline,” and the modernizing Saar Ganor (Israel Antiquities Authority), “The Six-Chambered tendencies of the Late Ottoman era to that of the modern nation Gate and Shrine of Level III at Lachish” state are topics of on-going debate among historians of the premodern New excavations were carried out on behalf of the Israel Antiquities Levant. This study contributes to these debates by investigating Authority in the area of the six-chambered gate of Tel Lachish, Level questions related to the intensity of field use, the interrelationship III in early 2016. Three rooms were revealed along the southern half between field use and soil properties, field distance from settlement, of the gate complex. The area was previously investigated in the 1930s and the process of field irrigation, which attest to settlement change on by the British School of Archaeology in Jerusalem and in the 1980s the micro level of analysis. by researchers from Tel Aviv University. These excavations uncovered A combination of three integrated methods were utilized: evidence of the Assyrian destruction of the site in 701 B.C.E., Level III. archaeological survey, traditional ceramic analysis, and archaeometry. In 2016 three rooms were uncovered, the walls of which survived Surveys were conducted in three major sites: Abila, Umm el Jimal, to a height of ca. 4 m. consisting of a stone foundation and plastered and Umm Qeis. The survey’s purpose is documenting shifts of mud brick superstructure. settlement over time, as villages literally relocated to new locations. The room located furthest from the gate to the east was found to Spatial patterning of sherds is relevant for more than dating sites and be a two-roomed shrine divided by a white-plastered wall. The shrine mapping settlement distribution, which are its primary functions in was entered by way of four plastered stairs located opposite a plastered archaeological surveys. It also indicates the intensity of field use and bench that received offerings. The inner room, or debir, contained two reflects patterns of land use in general. altars with horned corners next to a plastered niche. In a later stage of Pottery sherds were subjected to two kinds of analysis: a use, the shrine was abolished and the horns were hammered off the traditional chronological study and archaeometry. Chronology study altars and a cubical toilet was installed inside the debir. was used to document change in settlement, land use, and landscape The gate-shrine is the first of its kind discovered in Iron Age transformation. Archaeometery was used to trace the socio-economic contexts in Israel. The revisions made in the shrine may be attributed networks among villages in the region by studying the main constituent to religious reforms in ancient Judah when shrines of this type were components of the physical fabric. abolished, probably during the reign of Hezekiah. Beatrice St. Laurent (Bridgewater State University), “Mu’awiya’s 3F. Archaeology of Islamic Society Urban Vision for Jerusalem (638-680): Origins in the Regional Periphery & Arabia” CHAIR: Beatrice St. Laurent (Bridgewater State University), Presiding Between 638 and 661, Mu‘awiya built the first mosque in the Marwani Musalla or “Solomon’s Stables” in Jerusalem where he was Jeffrey Blakely (University of Wisconsin-Madison) “Is Wadi el-Hesi invested as the first Umayyad Caliph. He also renewed older entrances Really the Wadi el-‘Asi?” to the precinct including the Double, Triple, and Golden Gates, Late 18th and 19th century explorers combed Palestine collecting opened the new Single Gate, and initiated construction of the Dome names as they sought connections between the then-modern Arabic of the Rock and the administrative district south of the precinct which place names and biblical place names, searching for the biblical today is the Haram al-Sharif with the intention of making Jerusalem landscape. One such named feature, Wadi el-Hesi, was a major his capital. watershed in the south, reaching the Mediterranean near Ashkelon. The sources for this grand urban scheme are found in Mu’awiya’s The precise meaning of the name, however, remains elusive even today. pre-Islamic Arabian origins and in Jerusalem’s regional Herodian and An examination of historical documents, which describe the region Byzantine past. By 635, Mu’awiya established his winter residence between the 13th and 18th centuries, use the following words for the near Tiberias, which possibly included a mosque near Tiberias, the wadi or features along the wadi: el Hessi, Ahsas, al-Hasi, al-Hisy, el addition of a palace to the earlier site of Sinnabra by the mouth of the Ahsses, and al-‘Asi. These spellings probably evolve from the same Jordan River on the Sea of Galilee, and added to the Roman/Byzantine word, al-‘Asi. Historical documents spanning the Early Islamic period baths of Hammat Gader southwest of the Sea of Galilee. This complex show that Amr b. al-‘As and his descendants lived in this precise is west of Mu’awiya’s then residence of Ja’biya in the Golan Heights.

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The Byzantine capital of Caeserea Maritima west of Jerusalem in the this work is to highlight the ways in which changes in the stylistic, province of Palaestina Prima was both a symbolic and physical model epigraphic, and iconographic details of these numismatic and for the Dome of the Rock and its platform in Jerusalem, as are multiple paranumismatic materials relate to the evolution of the state and its Byzantine commemorative churches scattered throughout the region. leader’s policymaking decisions by using materials and data that I Mu’awiya brought with him to Jerusalem the resources of pre/early collected during two museum-based research projects in Jordan in Islamic Arabia. Significant for Jerusalem are the palatial structures and 2012 and 2015. The archaeo-numismatic evidence clearly suggests pre-Islamic sacred precincts called mahram or haram notably San’a in that the state under Muawiya ibn Abu Sufyan, the dynasty’s founder, Yemen, Mecca and Madina or al-haramayn in Arabia. and later caliphs differed in their political strategies in both acquiring and maintaining power in the Near East over the course of nearly nine Bethany Walker (University of Bonn), “Regionalisms in Settlement decades. and Land Use in Late Medieval Syria: Highlands as Hinterlands” The factors behind the wide-scale demographic and economic 3G. Material Culture and Identities in the Eastern Mediterranean III changes set into motion in Syria from the 15th century cannot be understood without consideration of regional differences in rural CHAIRS: Helen Malko (Columbia University) and Serdar Yalcin settlement form and exploitation of natural resources. While the (Columbia University), Presiding distinctive regionalisms of material culture throughout Greater Syria— and particularly pottery—has long been recognized by archaeologists, Thaddeus Nelson (Stony Brook University), “Fabric of Whose Land? though rarely studied systematically, the strongly regional character Geographic Origins of Textiles in Neo-Assyrian Texts” of settlement and land use in the later historical periods has been Neo-Assyrian records contain lists of goods taken during the largely ignored. These regional differences were the result of many empire’s conquests of foreign lands. The prizes include textiles factors—differences in microecologies, socio-political structures, and described as “garments of their lands,” which have been interpreted economic networks, for example—and account, in part, for the uneven as a fashionable type of clothing that originated in the Levant. This development of Bilād al-Shām after the Ottoman conquest. interpretation suggests these garments were a uniform Levantine This paper presents the preliminary results of a long-term fashion that crossed political and cultural boundaries. To test the transregional study of settlement and land use of the Middle and Late hypothesis that “garments of their lands” were a broad Levantine Islamic periods, comparing patterns recognized in three highland fashion, I surveyed published Neo-Assyrian tribute and prize lists regions of southern Bilād al-Shām. The result of recent, and on-going, that include textiles taken from the Levant, Mesopotamia, Anatolia, fieldwork at village sites in these highlands—namely Hubrās, Hisbān, and Egypt to identify the geographic origins of “garments of their and Khirbet Beit Mazmil—allow for a controlled and systematic lands.” I compared the frequencies that different cities and rulers were comparative study of how the political and agricultural hinterlands identified as the sources of textiles. My results suggest that although weathered in uniquely local ways the decline of the Mamluk state. the Neo-Assyrian Empire took textiles from all regions in which they Comparison will be made among well-watered, mountainous campaigned, the “garments of their lands” were only taken from the highlands, dry-fed highland plateaus, and highlands devoted to terrace northern Levant. These textiles were not a Levantine fashion, but agriculture in terms of settlement history, water management, land they were a specialized northern Levantine tradition. Additionally, I use and tenure, village morphology, and relationship to urban centers. identified a pattern: “garments of their lands” are listed as prizes taken Discussion of ways in which the three representative archaeological with dyed wool, which suggests they may also have been the products projects have been integrated into a transregional design will follow. of the well-known shellfish dye techniques of the northern Levant. These results clarify the economic relationships between the Neo- Tareq Ramadan (Wayne State University), “The Umayyads and Assyrians and the Levant in the Iron Age and redefine the geographic their Administrative Legacy in Jordan: The Numismatic and range over which these fashionable fabrics were made. Paranumismatic Records as Evidence of an Evolving State” The Umayyads, representing the first Arab dynasty of the Islamic Nancy Highcock (New York University), “Identities on the Move: era, constructed a state based out of Damascus beginning in 661 C.E., Material Culture and Mobility in the Old Assyrian Period” yet little is concretely known about how they successfully governed Archaeological studies of mobility in the Ancient Near East have an empire while constituting a small minority of elites. Fortunately, generally focused on the traces left behind by inherently itinerant Umayyad leaders left a major epigraphic imprint behind, particularly groups such as pastoralists and nomads or on raw materials that have in Bilad al-Shamm, which is proving especially useful in interpreting clearly traveled along the routes of long-distance trade networks. the inner mechanics of the state on the administrative level. Modern- This paper will instead focus on merchants, the social actors in such day Jordan, once straddling three of the four early Umayyad territorial networks, and examine the role that the production and consumption divisions (ajnaad) and home to some of the most complete Umayyad of portable material goods played in shaping their identity as members administrative complexes, is also home to a highly accessible array of of professional community that was able to move across political state-sponsored material culture intimately linked to the Umayyad and cultural borders. Through the particular lens of Old Assyrian caliphs and their bureaucrats. These objects, including coins, weights, material culture of the early second millennium B.C.E., this analysis and seals, serve as historical snapshots of a given place and time will demonstrate that personal objects such as weights, dress items, while the messages emblazoned on them attest to the state’s domestic weapons, and seals allowed Assyrian men and women to maintain political and economic policies to varying degrees. Thus, the aim of social structures based on their identification as “sons of Assur” (as

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clearly reflected in the textual evidence) while forging new identities Orit Peleg-Barkat (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) and Yotam and social practices in Anatolia. Furthermore, by discussing the effects Tepper (Israel Antiquities Authority), “Archaeology and Cultural of mobility on merchant material culture, this study will relocate Identity in Rural Sites of Judaea/Provincia Judaea in the Early merchants next to pastoralists and other traveling groups in order to Roman Period: The Case of Horvat ’Eleq” gain greater understanding of how such communities in the ancient Scholars normally agree that while the cities (poleis) of Roman Near East maintained a coherent identity despite being spread across Judaea/Provincia Iduaea, such as Caeasarea Maritima or Beth Shean/ great geographic distances. Scthythopolis, are characterized by ethnic and cultural diversity, rural settlements are characterized by a homogenous population that was Yagmur Heffron (University College London), “Factoids of Old either Jewish or gentile. The Jewish sites are generally identified by Assyrian Visibility: A Historiographical Analysis” scholars as such, according to their characteristic material culture For over half a century, the ruling narrative for the kārum (chalk vessels, “Herodian” oil lamps, locally made pottery, etc.) and period (20th–17th centuries B.C.) has pivoted on the assertion that architecture (ritual baths, synagogues), while non-Jewish sites lack communities of Assyrian merchants in Anatolia are visible to us almost those markers. Nevertheless, we suggest that some sites, especially entirely through the textual documents they left behind, to the extent those situated on the borderline between regions of gentile or Jewish that their existence would never be suspected from the archaeological dominance, cannot be that easily categorized as Jewish or gentile. record alone. This view has been taken as evidence of social strategies This is the case with Horvat ’Eleq in Ramat HaNadiv, situated in the of emulation; informed views on the limits of archaeological evidence southern edge of the Carmel Mountain, between the gentile coastal for detecting ethnicity; and generally cited as an intriguing peculiarity plain and the Menasheh Plains and Galilee inhabited mostly by Jews. of the kārum period. More recently, however, scholars have highlighted The results of the renewed excavations at Horvat ’Eleq, conducted the problematic aspects of this narrative (Stein 2008), hinting that by the authors between 2007–2010, promote a new understanding it may need to be “checked” (Michel 2011). As yet, a systematic of the site that contradicts its previous identification by its former deconstruction of what Lumsden (2008) has aptly called “the mantra excavator, Yizhar Hirschfeld, as a fortified Herodian palace. The site is of the archaeology of the period” has not emerged, but a storm is a multistrata settlement beginning in the Iron Age and fortified at the indeed gathering. This paper, for its part, takes a historiographical beginning of the Hellenistic period. The finds from the early Roman approach to the conventions governing 70 years of archaeological stratum raise questions about earlier conclusions regarding the site, analysis at this key site by considering why certain blind spots came including the identification of its residents as Jewish. In our paper, we to be formed, how factoids of Assyrian visibility came to be formed, would like to present our conclusions and discuss them in the broader why certain blind spots would have been crucial in maintaining the context of material culture and ethnic identity in the rural sites of early narrative, and what made it so tenacious when contradictory evidence Roman Judaea. has been there all along. 3H. Ancient Inscriptions I Louise Hitchcock (University of Melbourne) and Aren Maeir (Bar- Ilan University), “Pulp Fiction or Tangible Connections?” CHAIRS: Heather Dana Davis Parker (Johns Hopkins University) and In this paper we review and consider the relationship between Michael Langlois (University of Strasbourg, Institute University of Mycenaean and Philistine archaeology, outlining the historical and France), Presiding recent treatment of this relationship. We conclude that the polarized views that the Philistines were Mycenaean colonists, or alternatively Douglas Petrovich (Wilfrid Laurier University), “Hebrew as the had no connection with the Mycenaeans, still reifies long held, World’s Oldest Alphabet: Palaeography and Translation of the polarized narratives, while also mirroring the interaction (or in many Proto-Consonantal Inscriptions of Egypt’s Middle Kingdom (Sinai cases, lack thereof) between archaeologists working in Philistia and in 115, Wadi el-Hol 1 and 2, and the Lahun Bilingual Ostracon)” the Aegean. With a handful of notable exceptions, many archaeologists For roughly 150 years, scholars have attempted to isolate the work in one place or the other and remain immersed in the literature of proper Semitic language of the elusive proto-consonantal script, one place or the other. In addition, scholars working in their respective universally recognized as the world’s oldest alphabet. This script is areas tend to find what they are looking for. attested at Egyptian sites such as Wadi el-Hôl, Lahun, and—with the We suggest that the pathway out of these extreme models, one most voluminous amount of witnesses—Sinai’s Serabit el-Khadim. which over-simplifies the Aegean evidence and the other which treats it Until now, these attempts have been largely unsuccessful, although as meaningless, can be achieved by conceiving of the different tribes of the meaning of several Semitic words has been identified. While “Sea Peoples” as already mixed and entangled cultural entities that had drawings and photographs of these inscriptions have been published, preexisting connections with various parts of the Mediterranean and most of the texts have gone untranslated in their various publications. shared an affinity for particular Mycenaean symbols. Understanding the After stumbling across the writing of the word “Hebrews” in a text complex relationship between Mycenaean and Philistine archaeology that features the earliest attestation of a proto-consonantal letter, the requires a broad familiarity with Mediterranean archaeology, scholarly present writer successfully has identified Hebrew as the language of collaboration, methods situated in the study of transcultural and the proto-consonantal script and translated 18 inscriptions of Egypt’s transnational identities, attention to context — looking closely at how Middle Kingdom and New Kingdom eras. Hubert Grimme actually the objects were used — and a healthy dose skepticism about what one proposed in 1923 that Hebrew is the proper language behind the is looking for in order to separate fact from fiction. script, but he could not prove this conclusively, because he transcribed

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some pictographs inaccurately and did not know all of the letters Adam Bean (Johns Hopkins University), “The Inscribed Incense of the first alphabet. This presentation will include electronically- Altar from Khirbet Ataruz: An Update” generated drawings, palaeographic observations, and translations of In 2010, a cylindrical stone altar bearing seven lines of inscribed the proto-consonantal Hebrew inscriptions that date to the Middle text (forming two apparently separate texts) was discovered in the Iron Kingdom—Sinai 115 (1842 B.C.E.), Wadi el-Hôl 1 (1834 B.C.E.), Wadi Age temple complex at Khirbet Ataruz in Jordan during excavations el-Hôl 2 (1834 B.C.E.), and the ceramically datable Lahun Bilingual directed by Chang-Ho Ji. A preliminary analysis of these inscriptions Ostracon (1831 B.C.E.). All of these inscriptions reflect grammatical was presented by Christopher A. Rollston at the 2012 ASOR Annual conventions and orthographic forms that are perfectly in keeping with Meeting. Since that time, analysis of the texts (based on multiple in- an early form of Biblical Hebrew. person collations and extensive photographic documentation including conventional and RTI imaging) has continued in collaboration by Aren Wilson-Wright (The University of Texas, Austin), “A Previously Adam L. Bean, Christopher A. Rollston, P. Kyle McCarter, and Stefan Unrecognized Early Alphabetic Inscription from Egypt in the Wimmer. This paper presents an updated analysis of the inscribed altar Hibbard Collection” concurrent with its forthcoming publication. The Ataruz inscriptions While working in the Hibbard Collection at the Garret- show a script that can be dated to the ninth or eighth centuries (with Evangelical Theological Seminary in the summer of 2013, I came some apparent idiosyncrasies), and are linguistically consistent with across a previously unrecognized early alphabetic inscription that has Moabite. The texts make use of abbreviations and Hieratic numerals important implications for the history and development of alphabetic (and possibly symbols for commodity or measure as well). While much writing. The new inscription appears on the concave surface of a large progress has been made in the decipherment of the inscriptions, due potsherd and consists of three signs, which I identify as zāyin, qôf, and to their laconic nature and imperfectly preserved condition several nûn. Library records indicate that Sir Flinders Petrie excavated the interpretive difficulties remain. sherd somewhere in Egypt and later donated it to the library as part of a larger group of Egyptian artifacts including faience bracelets from 4A. Landscapes of Settlement in the Ancient Near East II Serabit el-Khadem. In this paper, I will introduce the new inscription using Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) technology and offer CHAIR: Jesse Casana (Dartmouth College), Presiding a tentative palaeographical analysis and dating of it. I suggest that the inscription records either the title zaqinu ‘the elder’ or the adjectival Kathryn Franklin (University of Chicago), Anthony Lauricella designation zaqinu “old,” referring perhaps to wine. It thus seems (University of Chicago), and David Thomas (La Trobe University, to have served an administrative or economic purpose. I also plan Melbourne) “Settlement and Water Management Patterns in Spin to bring the inscription to the Oriental Institute prior to the annual Boldak, Afghanistan” meeting for ceramic analysis in order to determine the potsherd’s time Remote survey using high-resolution satellite images allows and place of manufacture. archaeologists to study ancient landscapes in regions made inaccessible by on-going conflict as well as in regions between zones David Z. Moster (Bar-Ilan University), “The Four Lands of Mesha: of better archaeological knowledge, often in river valleys. This paper An Analysis of Jordanian Geography during the Iron Age” presents the results of remote landscape survey in the territory of The Mesha inscription, commissioned by Mesha, king of Moab Spin Boldak (“white desert”) in Kandahar province, Afghanistan. The in the mid-ninth century B.C.E., contains a wealth of geographic studied region crosscuts several environmental zones (desert, alluvial information. According to the legible lines of the text, there were three plain, and hills) and lies within an important corridor of movement “lands” within Moab itself: the land of Madaba, the land of Ataroth, towards mountain passes on the Afghanistan-Pakistan border. The and the land of Dhiban. The goal of this study is to understand what Archaeological Heritage of Afghanistan Mapping Project at the Mesha means by this terminology. What was and what was not the University of Chicago has used modern DigitalGlobe and historical land of Madaba? What was and what was not the land of Ataroth? CORONA imagery to systematically map inhabitation sites, forts, What was and what was not the land of Dhiban? A fourth land, what caravanserais, nomad campsites, qanats, and other water management I shall call “the land of Horonaim,” is not present in the text but can features of various periods in the Registan desert and the Dori River be hypothesized for the last three lines, which are almost entirely valley. We describe and analyze the settlement, fortification, irrigation, broken. This leads to a fourth question, what was and what was not and camping patterns identified in this region and compare them to the land of Horonaim? This study attempts to demarcate the basic patterns identified by a similar remote landscape survey by David areas of these four lands and to place them within the greater context Thomas and Fiona Kidd in a nearby region of the Registan desert. of Jordanian geography during the Iron Age. Because the borders of the lands are not described with any detail in the Mesha Inscription, Maurits Ertsen (Delft University of Technology), “Agencies of the the observations made here are by definition conjectural. However, Assyrian Empire” the underlying premise is straightforward: geographical regions tend The close relation between resource control and empires is well to correspond to the natural features of the land. This premise would studied—with focus on how in the last 5,000 years manipulation of have been especially true for Mesha’s Moab, which was bordered by water resources for food production, transport, and other uses has the Dead Sea in the west, the Arabian Desert in the east, and cut into allowed many different empires to flourish. Ancient states encouraged subsections by deep and wide east-west wadis and canyons. the spread of irrigation systems by exerting power over vast areas and by creating the conditions for the free flow of information on

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technological developments. The Assyrian Empire stands out as the quality now being produced can illuminate previously difficult- one of those ancient states heavily reconstructing its imperial core to-approach aspects of this question: How does settlement structure landscape around modern Mosul as much as regions further away. affect competitive interaction dynamics? This paper presents answers Kings commissioned monumental canals and dams to redirect surface to this question from a spatialized game theoretic perspective with, water in the hinterlands toward the cities. Ancient states are typically importantly, no assumed rationality, using survey data from Tell Brak, studied as entities that managed to create new landscapes as purely Syria. top-down entities. Work within (environmental) history, however, suggests that any colonial project is not something that rolled over James Fraser (British Museum), “A New Model for Understanding passive colonized landscapes and societies. Empire was to be acted the Relationship Between Dolmens, Settlement, and Geology in the out every day and imperial control was shaped by daily actions in Southern Levant in the Fourth Millennium B.C.” government offices and muddy fields. This paper will combine the Although megalithic dolmens are some of the most striking author’s work on 19th and 20th century colonial efforts in Africa and features of the Levantine archaeological landscape, their relationship within the Erbil Plain Archaeological Project (EPAS) to re-assess both with regional settlement systems and the physical landscape is poorly the settlement landscape in the heartland of the Neo-Assyrian Empire understood. This paper argues for a direct correlation between and the methodological consequences of such assessment. Production the distribution of dolmen fields and the spread of late prehistoric of Assyrian imperial space was not stamped out just like that onto settlement sites into previously uninhabited geological zones. During the landscape. Empire was (re)produced in a process of cooperation, the fourth millennium B.C. (Late Chalcolithic–EB I), settlements struggle, conflict, and contradiction—within all possible combinations shifted from the alluvial fans of the Jordan Valley floor to the lateral of human and nonhuman agencies. wadis of the rift escarpment, where communities could exploit newly domesticated, higher-altitude tree crops. Discrete areas of the Marco Ramazzotti (La Sapienza, Rome), “A Neural Spatial Analysis escarpment are dominated by microcrystalline sandstone, limestone, of the Ur and Eridu Subregional Settlement System” and basalt formations that are more conducive to the extraction of The present paper explores the natural and cultural assessments megalithic slabs for above-ground tomb construction, than to the of the subregion between Ur and Eridu through the integrated use of excavation of traditional subterranean shafts. Dolmens are present Geomatic Technologies and Natural Computing. In this approach, near EB I settlements in areas dominated by these formations, and the ecological complexity has almost removed from the undisputed are absent in areas where softer geological strata are found, even if supremacy of an external interpretation, able to be explored through these areas were also settled in the fourth millennium B.C. This model mechanical and linear systems, and the symbiotic relationships implies that dolmens were not part of a vaguely defined “megalithic between Habitat and Biome became the structured matrix of a neural phenomenon,” as commonly described, but are better approached modeling. The artificial neural networks learning of the collected, contextually as part of a complex mortuary landscape, in which above- codified and organized survey’s records and variables displays different ground and subterranean tomb chambers were associated funerary data-mining processes and elaborates multifactorial semantic traditions. hypersurfaces. The computational testing algorithmic procedure of the Ur and Eridu landscape neural model contributes to better Ralph Hawkins (Averett University) and David Ben-Shlomo (Ariel define the settlement dynamics and the adaptive polymorphisms of University), “Settlement in the Jordan Valley during the Iron Age I” the southernmost ecotope of the Marshlands during the fourth and Fifty-one newly discovered Iron I sites in the Jordan Valley third millennium B.C. At the same time, the neural spatial analysis have been discovered and published by the Manasseh hill-country reveals both a complementary epistemic perspective in the recent survey. These include several types: The first consists of simple oval historiography of Settlement Archaeology and a heuristic Artificial compounds, which probably functioned as pastoral tent sites. The Intelligence method to investigate the economic, political, and cultural second is comprised of complex oval compounds, which are larger aspects of the Mesopotamian urban revolution. and have architecture. The third contains an unusual type of site that has been referred to as “sandal-sites.” These have been interpreted as Eric Rupley (University of Michigan), “Games of States: Toward a having functioned as sites for cultic gatherings, but are poor in terms Dynamics of Settlement Structure in Late Chalcolithic Protostates” of finds and architecture. In this region, the area of the southern The 70 years since Willey have given us, globally, a wealth of spatial Jordan Valley, between Wadi Tirzah-Farah and Jericho, is the more data on regional settlement change. These data open new windows remote and less-studied. However, it is also rich with potential for onto periods of radical social invention including, in the Near East, illuminating the early settlement history of the region. In this paper, the Late Chalcolithic transition into states. A key question concerning we will survey some of the sites discovered in the region and explore the evolution of states is: How is the scale of social cohesion increased the possible implications for understanding its settlement in the early alongside increasing diversity of social and economic roles? Traditional Iron Age I. answers focus on elite manipulation of political economy by symbolic invention and information control. More recent answers recognize the driving importance of competitive social interactions enmeshed in reciprocal economic relations. Previous analyses of regional settlement sequences leading to the earliest states identified several general spatial characteristics of early states. Yet, regional settlement pattern data of

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4B. Archaeology of the Black Sea and the Caucasus in Egypt to the Neo-Assyrian Empire in Mesopotamia, but its origins and mechanisms of dispersal throughout the region are poorly CHAIRS: Ryan C. Hughes (University of Michigan) and Elizabeth understood. Morphological analysis of the markings reveals that Fagan (University of Chicago) these artifacts display characteristics that reflect both Egyptian and Mesopotamian types. While difficult to date due to their uncertain Tiffany Earley-Spadoni (University of Central Florida), Roberto archaeological context, the presence of two of these games in kurgans Dan (ISEMO, Rome), Arthur Petrosyan (National Academy of seem to date them to the second millennium B.C.E., a time period Sciences of the Republic of Armenia Institute of Archaeology when seasonal pastoralists seem to have wintered in the Caspian and Ethnography), and Boris Gasparyan (National Academy of lowlands and summered in the highlands to the south. The game of 58 Sciences of the Republic of Armenia Institute of Archaeology and holes may have functioned as a type of common ground that facilitated Ethnography), “Preliminary Results from the 2016 Vayots Dzor interaction between these pastoral groups and those in neighboring Survey Project (Armenia)” lands, as the well-attested presence of Near Eastern artistic motifs This paper will present preliminary results from the inaugural and goods points to interaction with the wider Near Eastern world. season of the Vayots Dzor survey project. The survey area, home to Parallels are drawn with the adoption of senet in Cyprus, to discuss the important Chalcolithic site of Areni-1, has otherwise been little the ways in which games cross cultural boundaries with relative ease, explored for settlement related to later periods, although the region even when there is indirect contact with the cultures from which the boasts a number of Late Bronze and Iron Age fortresses. An extensive games originated. survey is focused upon broad regional settlement in a 25 km2 study area and accomplished by vehicle-based discovery, pedestrian site Hannah Chazin (Stanford University), “The (Pre- and Postmortem) exploration, and drone-assisted reconnaissance in remote, hilltop Social Lives of Herds: A Zooarchaeological and Isotopic Analysis of areas. Surface collection at sites and the documentation of visible Late Bronze Age Pastoralism in the South Caucasus” architecture are particular priorities of the anticipated summer This paper presents an analysis of pastoralist human-animal research. Based upon the achieved results, future work may take the relationships and their political implications for Late Bronze Age form of extensive, transect-based surveys to elucidate smaller-scale (1500–1100 B.C.E.) societies in the South Caucasus. Building from features such as off site residences, pyrotechnic installations and the zooarchaeological and isotopic analysis of faunal remains from defensive walls. excavations in the Tsaghkahovit Plain, this paper explores how the pre- and postmortem social lives of herd animals reflects the political Hilary Gopnik (Emory University), “Moving Up? The Middle to Late organization of social life in the Late Bronze Age. Radiogenic strontium Bronze Age Transition in Naxçıvan, Azerbaijan” and stable oxygen isotope analysis suggest that seasonal mobility was The Naxçıvan Archaeological Project has spent the past three on the small scale, but that there were multiple seasons of animal birth summers investigating the Middle to Late Bronze Age transition throughout the year. Analysis of the faunal assemblages from fortress in the Sharur Valley, Naxçıvan. In the past, this transition has been sites reveals a complicated system in which animals (alive and dead) understood as a shift from small settlements of mobile pastoralists circulated. Together, these results productively expand what is known building kurgan burial mounds, to hilltop fortresses and cemeteries. about Late Bronze Age social organization, and suggest that mobile Our excavations on the Sharur valley floor have revealed a more pastoralists played a key role in shaping Late Bronze Age political life. complex pattern. Here, relatively elaborate Middle Bronze burials were dug directly into a dry riverbed and subsequently built over by Nathaniel Erb-Satullo (Harvard University), “Craft Production substantial Late Bronze buildings and defensive walls. Continuously in Iron Age Fortress Complexes: New Fieldwork at Mtsvane Gora, used cooking pits suggest that the later inhabitants may have been Southern Georgia” aware of the earlier ritual/burial areas. On-going isotopic analyses of The Late Bronze and Early Iron Age in the South Caucasus are animal and human remains reveal different patterns of mobility in characterized by the emergence of fortified complexes following a the two phases, and the ceramic style and fabric suggest changes in period when substantial settlements were scarce. The beginnings transregional interactions. The unusual preservation of these ground- of iron production in these fortress-building societies is poorly level settlements suggests possible new interpretations about the understood, in part because direct evidence is rare. transition to the fortress-based communities of the Late Bronze to In 2015, excavations were begun at Mtsvane Gora, a fortified Early Iron periods. This presentation will discuss the results of our on- hilltop site on a major transportation corridor between the Kura going research. River lowlands and the Lesser Caucasus highlands. Surface collections and excavation uncovered evidence of metal production. Analysis Walter Crist (Arizona State University), “Playing in the Periphery: of production debris suggests that iron production, mostly likely The Game of 58 Holes in Azerbaijan” smithing, and copper-alloy work took place at the site. Preliminary New evidence from the Absheron Peninsula in Azerbaijan radiocarbon dates and ceramic evidence point to a date in the second suggests that Near Eastern games were adopted in Transcaucasia. A quarter of the first millennium B.C., making this some of the oldest series of artifacts, which display patterns of depressions and channels direct evidence for iron production in the South Caucasus. pecked into stone, are strikingly reminiscent of the Near Eastern In summer 2016, further excavations and geophysical survey will game of “58 Holes,” also known as “Hounds and Jackals” in Egypt. investigate the contexts of iron production in more detail. Excavation This game had a long history, spanning from the Eleventh Dynasty will probe the relationship between the metal production debris

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and the wall encircling the hilltop, while geophysical survey will Justin Singleton (Andrews University), “The Cultural Adaptation of examine the spatial structure of the site and determine whether metal a Semipalatial System at Mokarta, Sicily” production was restricted to certain areas or widespread across the The people of Mokarta are known as Proto-Elimi, but who site. This fieldwork will place the evidence of metal production within were the Proto-Elimi of Mokarta? This paper will work toward its social context, illuminating the relationship between producers and identifying the people of Mokarta, Sicily through analysis of their elites during the period of early iron use. household goods and architecture of their huts/village. Additionally, a comparison of these goods and architecture will be made locally, as 4C. Sicily and the Levant well as in the repertoire of the ancient Near East, to better understand their autonomous lifestyle. CHAIR: Elisabeth Lesnes (Andrews University) and Randall Younker (Andrews University), Presiding Giorgia Lanzarone (San Miceli Project, Salemi, Trapani, Italy), “The Sacredness of the Water between Paganism and Christianity: The Lorenzo Nigro (Sapienza University of Rome), “Across the Sea: Movement of a Symbol from the Near East to Sicily” Phoenicians at Motya and Mediterranean Interconnections in the Water and sacredness are a common combination in almost all Second and First Millennia B.C.” cultures and religions in our land; they belong to rituals related to Archaeological investigations by Sapienza University of Rome fertility, purification, and healing. The indispensability of the water for and the Superintendency of Trapani in the island of Motya, western every people contributed to recognizing it as a divine gift. Moreover, Sicily, provided new insights into Levantine and Phoenician expansion Christianity assigned a very important role to water in the liturgy, both toward the west Mediterranean. Early Levantine materials testify to the in the baptismal ceremonies and in the rites of blessing and sprinkling. functioning of sea-routes connecting the Levant, Sicily, and Sardinia in In the early Christian art in Sicily, the symbol of vivifying water the second half of the second millennium B.C., as well as illustrating or the kantharos where birds of all kinds drink, or from which sprout the timing and peculiarities of Phoenicians’ settlement. plant’s boughs, symbolizing life, occurs quite frequently, especially in The excavation of two major religious compounds, the Temple the production of mosaics, both inside religious buildings and private of Baal and Astarte and the Tophet, moreover, allowed for the houses, often in a close connection with the function of some well- investigation of the origins of the settlement, the role of religion in defined liturgical spaces. cultures mixing together, and the relationships with local indigenous But the origin of this symbolism is much older; it was born initially population, the Elymians. in Mesopotamia, during the Akkadian age, originally connected to the Further on, in the seventh–fifth centuries, Motya played a central geomorphology of the region and to the power of the great Sumerian role in the cultural mediation between the Carthaginians and Greeks kings. In this discussion, we intend to highlight the evolution of of Sicily, as thoroughly illustrated by the archaeological record. this symbol and how it has adapted its meaning, in the course of its movement from East to West, from a “pagan” context, to the Christian Rossella Giglio (Direttore del Servizio per i Beni Archeologici culture that adopted it. pressola Soprintendenza per i Beni Culturali ed Ambientali, Trapani, Italy),“Byzantine Presences in Lilibeo” Elisabeth Lesnes (Andrews University and San Miceli Project, The city of Lilybaeum, today Marsala, on the western end of Sicily, Salemi, Trapani, Italy ), “The Village and Basilica of San Miceli in its rose after the destruction of Mozia in 397 B.C. This paper will present Historical and Cultural Context” several examples documented by archaeological research (since 1994) Research in San Miceli (Salemi, Sicily) is a privileged way to during the process of urban transformation, after the destruction contribute to those studies that deal with the spread of Christianity related to the Vandals invasions in the area of Cape Boeo, in Via and its religious structures in Sicily, as well as with the dynamics of Gramsci, in quarries of the Niccolini area, and in the Santa Maria the rural population, in an area of the province of Trapani, where the della Grotta area. Of considerable interest is the case of the two graves, surface surveys have proliferated in recent decades. perhaps venerated, built on the pavement of a major paved artery (the Sicily appears as one of the Italian regions that witnessed the rise Decumanus Maximus), connected to a building with an apse of the of the most ancient Christian communities of the Mediterranean. Byzantine period (sixth–seventh centuries A.D.); defined the Tomb of There is no doubt, based on the evidence of the Christian catacombs Hope (Tomb A) and the Tomb of Life (Tomb B); both tombs have a in Syracuse, that Christianity had gained a foothold on the island by high documentary value for the presence, on the inner walls of each the early third century. burial, of a series of Greek rubricated epigraphs, painted in red and In western Sicily, the affirmation of the new faith would be a bordered by crosses, with references to the theme of Constantine’s bit slower, but the port city of Lilybaeum-Marsala, in contact with cross. neighboring Africa was undoubtedly the first port of Christianity in The existence of a Christian community and the figure of the province of Trapani, at least in the mid-third century. Pascasino, bishop of Lilybaeum in the fifth century, confirms the Lilybauem was a conduit for introducing Christianity inland importance of the city, raised to an episcopal see (as reported in the along the major route that passed through Salemi (Alicia?) and San letter sent by Pope Leo the Great on the 21 October 447 to the bishops Miceli. The fact that archaeological evidence shows that San Miceli of Sicily). was occupied during this time, makes it an intriguing candidate for examining the interaction between the traditional but declining pagan philosophy of Rome with the emerging beliefs of Christianity. The

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existence of an early Christian basilica, dated to the middle of the Gilad Itach (Bar-Ilan University), “The Wedge-Incised Bowl and the fourth century, at San Miceli is a testimony to the eventual dominant Assyrian Deportation” position of Christianity within the western Sicilian hinterland. Several recent studies explore the ceramics of the Assyrian period in the southern Levant, emphasizing the relationship between empire Randall W. Younker (Andrews University), “The Emergence of and local populations in this period. This paper will explore a specific Christian Culture in Western Sicily” ceramic phenomenon and its possible relationship to populations New Excavations at San Miceli (Trapani Province) have revealed deported from Mesopotamia to the southern Levant. a small hinterland settlement near Salemi (probably ancient Alicia) in Since the early 20th century, large and deep bowls with a unique western Sicily. San Miceli had revealed an occupational history from type of wedge-shaped incision have been discovered in excavations in the late third century B.C. through the seventh century A.D. when the the region surrounding Samaria. The bowls are ware typical of the late village was finally destroyed. As early as the third century A.D. the Iron II period in the region, but the wedge-shaped incision is unique. village appears to have been influenced by the newly emerging Christian In 1989, Adam Zertal suggested connecting these bowls to deportees faith. By the fourth century a small basilica had been established along from Mesopotamia brought to Samaria in the Neo-Assyrian period. with a Christian cemetery. The archaeological evidence points to a Since 1989, surveys as well as excavations have discovered more vibrant and relatively wealthy Christian community that remodeled of these bowls both in the region around Samaria and elsewhere in or rebuilt their church twice before its final destruction in the mid- the southern Levant, including Transjordan. These findings allow seventh century. This presentation will discuss the nature of the us to more precisely establish the chronology of these bowls, their emergence and growth of early Christianity in western Sicily based geographic distribution, and the nature of the sites at which they were on, both, the results of the recent excavations in this hinterland village, found. We show that most of these bowls date to the seventh–sixth as well as within the larger context of what was happening at the centuries B.C.E. They are found primarily (although not exclusively) important port city of Lilybaeum and its connections with Carthage, at unfortified single-period rural sites near valleys in the northern Rome, and Syracuse. Samarian highlands, and at a small number of multiperiod sites. Petrographic studies of these bowls show that they were locally 4D. Archaeology of the Near East: Bronze and Iron Ages II produced. We examine the function of these incisions and similarities between them and incised wares found in Mesopotamia. CHAIR: Eric Welch (University of Kansas), Presiding Avshalom Karasik (Israel Antiquities Authority), Ortal Harosch Steven Karacic (Florida State University) and James Osborne (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), and Uzy Smilansky (The (University of Chicago), “Production and Consumption of Cypro- Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “‘Revealing A Palm [Tefach] and Geometric Pottery in the Amuq Valley” Covering The Rest’: On Ancient Measurements, Gender, and The One of the ceramic markers of the early first millennium B.C.E. Laws of Purity in the Production of Iron Age Storage Jars” in the northern Levant and southern Anatolia is the presence of Storage jars were probably one of the most important vessels Cypriot and Cypriot-style pottery including Cypro-Geometric and for ancient kingdoms and administrations. These containers enable Black-on-Red Wares. While Black-on-Red vessels have received the monarchs and their officials to collect and store products that significant scholarly attention regarding their provenience, Cypro- were mandatory for every political entity. In the current research we Geometric Ware is often assumed to have been imported. Findings at have compared hundreds of Iron Age commercial storage jars that sites such as Tarsus and Kinet Höyük have challenged this assumption, are considered to be part of central administrations. From Khirbet however. In this paper we use geochemical analysis to investigate Qeyafa on the edge of Iron II, continuing with the “Hipo” jars of the whether this style of pottery was imported to the Amuq Valley or Israelite kingdom during the ninth and the eighth centuries B.C.E, and locally produced. Excavations conducted by the Oriental Institute’s up to the royal Judean storage jars at the later phases of Iron Age II– Syrian-Hittite Expedition in the 1930s recovered several hundred III. Despite the fact that the various assemblages belong to different examples of Cypro-Geometric Ware from the sites of Tell Tayinat, morphological types, were found at different geographical regions, and Çatal Höyük, and Tell Judaidah. This material was analyzed with have a significant chronological gap between them, it seems that there nondestructive portable x-ray florescence and select specimens were is one quantity that remains almost identical and with a remarkable sampled with instrumental neutron activation analysis. Our findings uniformity. We shall show that this measurement corresponds to the were then compared with archival data from Cyprus, Cilicia, and the ancient measure of the “Tefach”—the hand-breadth of the palm. The Amuq. The results demonstrate that multiple locales, at least one of paper will present the comparative results of the various measurements which is likely to have been within the Amuq, produced the Cypro- and will suggest possible explanations. The unique uniformity could Geometric pottery. Intriguingly, only one geochemical group occurs be the effect of technological and functional constraints, but might at the secondary and tertiary settlements of Çatal Höyük and Tell also be related to issues of gender and ancient traditions of purity and Judaidah. In contrast, the inhabitants of Tell Tayinat, the capital city, impurity. consumed Cypro-Geometric pottery from at least one other source, a likely indicator of wider economic connections for this regional center.

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Nancy Serwint (Arizona State University) and Jimmy Hardin 4E. The Fourth Expedition to Lachish, 2013-2016: A Report on the (Mississippi State University), “The Zoomorphic Head from Khirbet First Four Seasons II Summeily” During work conducted by the Hesi Regional Project at Khirbet CHAIRS: Yosef Garfinkel (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Summeily in July 2011, a cult room was discovered in the course of Michael G. Hasel (Southern Adventist University) and Martin G. excavation. Among the artifacts found, several were key: a kurkar Klingbeil (Southern Adventist University), Presiding altar, a broken chalice, and an adjacent zoomorphic terracotta head. Hoo-Goo Kang (Seoul Jangsin University) and Soonhwa Hong Stratigraphic analysis and the archaeomagnetic record suggest that (Institute of Bible Geography in Korea), “The Area CC Fortifications a conflagration destroyed the cult room about the year 920 B.C.E. at Tel Lachish” Located in southern Israel on the ancient border between Judah and Area CC was excavated for three sequential seasons by the Fourth Philistia, the political and cultural orientation of the site is not certain. Expedition to Lachish and produced tremendous archaeological Detailed study of the animal head during July 2015 and subsequent results. A series of fortification systems from Level I to Level V scientific testing have confirmed that the nearly half life-size head were revealed to confirm the size and feature of the site throughout was crafted from a clay coil technique, anomalous for its time period. its occupation periods. The results indicate that Lachish existed as a Discussion of the technical procedures, the leonine aspect of the fortified city from the Iron Age to Hellenistic period. In contrast to head, and its presence within a religious context allow for greater previous expeditions, it was established that Level I yielded three understanding of the methodologies of the coroplastic arts and the different phases attested by walls of a probable domestic building built likely appearance of lion iconography in the service of cult during the perpendicularly abutting the outer city wall. Level II was destroyed late Iron Age I and early Iron Age II periods on the border of Judah. by a massive conflagration, indicating that the Babylonians destroyed Rami Arav (University of Nebraska at Omaha), “Symbols of the entire city from the gate to the extreme northern end of the site. A Authority; Bethsaida During the Tenth Century B.C.E.” six-meter wide city wall confirmed the size of Levels IV–III. Notably, The level of statehood during the tenth century B.C.E. has been the fortification system of Level V, unknown so far from previous a much-debated issue in the past several years. The opinions vary expeditions, was uncovered for the first time. It was constructed under between claiming that statehood was not established in the southern the stone foundation of Level IV–III and above the destruction layer Levant before the ninth century B.C.E. to a claim that statehood of Level VI. A floor abutting the 3.5 m wide city wall yielded a small reached a full-fledged development already in the tenth century B.C.E. ceramic assemblage consisting of red slipped, hand burnished pottery Situated north of the Sea of Galilee, Bethsaida, which most dates the wall to Iron Age IIA. probably served as the capital of the kingdom of Geshur, discloses Itamar Weissbein (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “The some important archaeological features possible only in established Recently Discovered Late Bronze Age Temple at Tel Lachish” statehood. This presentation points out to some of these features During the 2014-16 excavation seasons of The Fourth Expedition and claims that during the first half of the tenth century B.C.E. the to Lachish a Late Bronze Age temple was unearthed in the northeast kingdom of Geshur was already a state. corner of the site (Area BB). The temple is attributed to Level VI, a The features are: stratum that represents the last Canaanite city at Lachish, and was • Preplanned city dated by D. Ussishkin, from approximately 1200 to 1130 B.C.E. when it • A 4 m wide road leading to the city gate. was destroyed in a large conflagration. This Northeast Temple seems to • A thick and solid city wall. be a secondary temple, while the previously known Acropolis Temple, • A palace, the seat of the ruler excavated by Ussishkin’s expedition, was the main temple of the city In close proximity of the palace and most plausibly under the of that time. As opposed to the Acropolis Temple which suffered aegis of the ruler are the following structures and institutions: from looting, the recently discovered temple is relatively rich in finds. • An impressive city gate that serves not only as an entryway to The new temple and its finds will be presented while focusing on the the city, but hosts the following functions: special metal objects and its pottery assemblage. These finds reflect the • Bullae found in the palace testifying for long and short term culture and beliefs of the temple worshippers and the ritual activity correspondence. that was performed in it. The finds could also shed some light on the • Scarabs and other stamps used by officials at the city gate lives and activity in the temple, and in Canaanite Lachish on the eve of • Long-term trade testified by Cypro-Phoenician vessels. its final destruction. • Granary for the collection and distribution of taxes • A city cult in the form of a very large high place. Igor Kreimerman (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem) and Ruth These features discovered at Bethsaida, date from the tenth Shahack-Gross (University of Haifa), “The Destruction Process of century B.C.E. and are possible only in a full-fledged statehood. the Newly Discovered Late Bronze Age Temple at Tel Lachish” The 2014-2016 seasons of excavations of The Fourth Expedition to Lachish uncovered a new Late Bronze Age temple in Area BB. The temple itself was covered with debris of burnt mud brick, charred organic material and many broken pottery vessels as well as other small finds. Thus, already during the excavation seasons it was clear that

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the temple met a very violent end. Consequently, a research project have never been dated any closer than “before 133 B.C.” or “after 133 that involved an integration of micro- and macro-archaeological B.C.” Using iconography, metrology, a special minting technique that methods was initiated in order to understand the destruction process appears on the coins, and especially archaeological contexts, I suggest a of the temple; the abandonment process before the destruction, the date for the coins that is much earlier than has been envisioned by any possible mutilation of objects, the progress and temperatures of fire other numismatist. And, when the date of the initiation of the minting and the identification of the organic materials that were burnt. This of civic coins becomes clear, the interpretation of the coin types paper will present the results of the study and will compare them to (Herakles and Apollo with a bird) becomes richer and the relationship what is known about the destruction of the Acropolis temple that was between Sardis and its Seleucid rulers shifts subtly. excavated by the previous expedition. Eventually, the data from the other areas that were excavated by all the previous expeditions would Jennifer Gates-Foster (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) be integrated in order to generate a picture of the destruction of the and Caitlin Clerkin (University of Michigan), “A Roman Ritual last Canaanite city at Tel Lachish and try to decide what brought this Assemblage from the Upper Galilee” terminal event. In the summer of 2014, a deposit was recovered from the site of Horvat Omrit in the Upper Galilee that included an unusual vessel Shifra Weiss (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “The Judean with few parallels in published archaeological literature. Found in a Shephelah in the Seventh Century B.C.E. in Light of New Results mixed deposit of likely Late Roman (fourth–sixth century) date in the from Tel Lachish” eastern half of the site, this deposit included 17 fragments of a large The last four seasons of excavations by the Fourth Expedition to handmade vessel that incorporated nine lamp spouts around its rim Lachish challenge previous conceptions regarding Level II of the site. and panels of incised decoration around its outer surface. Although This paper presents the results of the Level II excavations at the site. only partially preserved, this now-restored polycandelon is one of only These results are integrated with results of the past three expeditions. a few examples of this distinctive vessel type recovered from antiquity, This synthesis offers a better understanding of the character of the and one of only a handful with a secure archaeological context. Known Judean city of Lachish in the seventh century B.C.E. The resettlement parallels suggest its use in a ritual context; other examples have been of Lachish after the Assyrian destruction of 701 B.C.E. reflects on recovered from burial caves as well as church contexts in the later this process in the entire region. The settlement pattern of the Judean Roman era. This paper will discuss the possible interpretations of this Shephelah during this period is thus also reconsidered. vessel in relation to the deposit in which it was found, which included several other distinct forms, as well as its analysis in light of other Daniel Perez (University of Nevada, Las Vegas) and Jon Carroll evidence for religious practices at Horvat Omrit in the later Roman (Oakland University), “Mapping and Modeling at Tel Lachish” period. Technological advances in data collection, management, and visualization have notably progressed over the last decade Michael Zimmerman (Bridgewater State University) and Martha in archaeology. Through the expanded use of both aerial and Risser (Trinity College), “A Lamp Manufactory at Caesarea conventional photographic methods, Geographic Information Maritima” Systems, photogrammetry software, and other data modeling Numerous Byzantine lamp fragments, lamp molds, and kiln programs, the adaptation of such advances in data management and wasters were found in Square 19 of Field C at Caesarea Maritima, and visualization have spread throughout various archaeological projects thus the excavators inferred that this area was a site of lamp production around the world. This paper presents the implementation of some in that era. However in a paper presented at the 2015 Annual Meeting of these technological advances at Tel Lachish, comparatively noting of the American Schools of Oriental Research, Kenneth Holum argued the GIS data management and spatial visualization used in the Fourth that the architectural treatises of Julian of Ascalon imposed strict rules Expedition to Lachish in comparison to previous expeditions to about industrial zoning at Caesarea that would have prevented the the site, and how these approaches help in addressing the current establishment of manufactories in the southwestern sector of the city. In expedition’s research design. this paper, I will examine the ceramic, architectural, and stratigraphic evidence from Field C to address a series of questions: Was there a 4F. Archaeology of the Near East: The Classical Periods II lamp manufactory in Square 19 of Field C at Caesarea Maritima? If so, does it predate the architectural treatises of Julian of Ascalon, perhaps CHAIR: Lisa A. Çakmak (Saint Louis Art Museum), Presiding providing evidence of exactly what the building codes were set up to stop? If later, does the presence of a lamp manufactory show that Jane DeRose Evans (Temple University), “Seleucid Sardis: the building codes were ineffective? Or is it possible that fill containing the Problem of Political Control and the Third Century B.C. Mint” debris of a relatively distant lamp manufactory was transported across Although it is well known that the Seleucids struck coins at Sardis the city to Field C? And finally, what does the evidence found in Field beginning in the early third century B.C., continuing through the C at Caesarea Maritima reveal about lamp production in the eastern reign of Antiochus III, the intersection of the official Seleucid issues Mediterranean during the Byzantine Period? and the local bronze coins is not well understood. Since most scholars would argue that the city must be a polis in order to strike coins with the name of the city in the legend, the issuing of the local bronze coins should reflect an important political shift within Sardis. These coins

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Ilan Sharon (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), Jeffrey Zorn 4G. Archaeology of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq I (Cornell University), Rebecca Martin (Boston University), Yiftah Shalev (Israel Antiquities Authority), and Ayelet Gilboa (University CHAIR: Glenn Schwartz (Johns Hopkins University), Presiding of Haifa), “Ekistics at Dor: The Story of a Public Square” Hasan Qasim (Director of Antiquities in Dohuk), “A New Neo- As far as can be ascertained, Bronze and Iron Age urbanism Assyrian Palace at Girê Sêmêl: Rescue Excavations in the Duhok in the Levant lacked the concept of public space. There were royal Region” or administrative spaces whose wide, open courts sharply contrast Rescue excavations conducted by the Directorate of Antiquities with the crowded domestic domain; but these were presumably only of Duhok at the site of Girê Sêmêl in 2011 have revealed unexpected available to administrative staff and to supplicants admitted through evidence of the site’s important history. Girê Sêmêl is a small mound the enclosure gate. Sacred spaces (temenoi), too, belong to the god, not (3.20 ha) located about 16 km to the west of the city of Dohuk along the the public. With the possible exception of gate plazas (at the liminal modern highway leading to Zakho and was settled almost continuously point between urban space and wilderness), there was no space for from the Halaf period to the Islamic epoch. During Saddam Hussein’s the gathering of people and for civic activities. At the other end of regime Sêmêl became a military site and a large communication tower the chronological spectrum, the concept of a congregation—a civic was erected on its summit, the foundations of which destroyed part community which, inter alia, holds joint custody of structures and open of the mound. Today the expansion of the modern town is seriously spaces—is fundamental to Talmudic Judaism and early Christianity. endangering the archaeological site and modern houses have already The publication of Area G at Dor, located in the exact center of partly covered it. the mound, offers an opportunity for a longue durée perspective of the Salvage excavations have partially brought to light the courtyard development of a public space—from domestic use in the Iron Age; of a Neo-Assyrian palace paved with baked bricks and large gypsum to industrial/trash disposal in the Persian Period; to a central street (“Mosul Marble”) flagstones. A reception room with the remains of junction/square fronting a public edifice in the Hellenistic and finally parallel rails probably used to move a mobile brazier opened onto the to a public plaza at the intersection of the Roman cardo and decumanus. paved courtyard. An inscribed baked brick containing three lines of Simeon Ehrlich (Stanford University), “Public, Private, and script mentions a palace built at the site by Shalmaneser III (859–824 Intermediate Spaces in Ancient Near Eastern Cities” B.C.). With the brick, several terracotta models and cylinders seals This paper serves to move discussion of ancient urban plans were also found in the building. beyond binaries of planned vs. unplanned and gridded vs. ungridded Luca Colliva (Missione Archeologica Italiana nel Kurdistan Iracheno cities. It undertakes a functional analysis of the morphological – MAIKI) and Dara al Yaqoobi (High Commission for Erbil Citadel elements of urban plans, investigating how the interactions of streets Revitalization – HCECR), “HCECR and MAIKI Joint Activities on and blocks define public, private, and intermediate spaces. It finds the Erbil Citadel” that classical cities are anomalous in the ancient Near East, owing to Since 2012 the High Commission for Erbil Citadel Revitalization their lack of intermediate, restricted-access spaces between public and (HCECR) and the Italian Archaeological Mission in Iraqi Kurdistan of private spaces. Sapienza, University of Rome (MAIKI), have fruitfully cooperated on By contrast, Mesopotamian and Egyptian cities feature large, the study and enhancement of the Erbil Citadel. This archaeological walled, restricted-access precincts further subdivided into private site, with more than 6,000 years of continuous occupation, is among spaces. Similarly, Islamic cities feature neighborhoods organized the most significant in the region and has been recently inscribed in around branching alleyways, each more restricted than the last and the UNESCO World Heritage List. each serving as an intermediary conduit between public and private The HCECR and MAIKI joint activities center on the analysis of areas of the city. It is only in the classical tradition that intermediate the archaeological data from the citadel and the study of its imposing spaces do not hold together the urban fabric; blocks can be public archaeological stratigraphy. This paper will present the preliminary or private, but are always bounded by public streets. The block is the results of the 2015 and 2016 researches, focusing on the new data defining morphological unit of the classical city, in contrast to the provided by the electrical topographies and the study of the rich precinct or the neighborhood. ceramic collection from the HCECR archaeological excavations of Ultimately, this paper contends that urban form is more about the recently discovered defensive wall of the citadel. The geophysical social relationships than geometric patterning. It is not enough to survey gave significant data about the deep stratigraphy of the tell and identify forms and patterns; we must account for why these forms identified interesting anomalies. The study of the ceramic material arise instead of others. Defining the morphological relationships provided new information on the ceramic production, distribution that govern urban plans helps to clarify the social, political, religious, networks, and imports of the area in Islamic and pre-Islamic periods. economic, and legal forces that constrained urban forms. This in turns aids in understanding the processes whereby certain forms survived Alexia Smith (University of Connecticut) and Lucas Proctor through rigid enforcement while others became more malleable and (University of Connecticut), “Bronze and Iron Age Plant Use in transitioned to other paradigms. Iraqi Kurdistan: Archaeobotanical Results from Kurd Qaburstan and Gund-i Topzawa” The return of intensive archaeological fieldwork to Iraqi Kurdistan over the past several years allows for new insights into ancient plant

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use. This paper presents archaeobotanical data from two dissimilar rubrics of the Deir ‘Alla Plaster Texts (DAPT) may hold important sites, providing information on chronological and regional variation clues to the intended function and purpose of the inscription(s). in agricultural production, pasturing, and fruit use. During the 2014 This paper will focus on the rubric in combination 2 (line 17), and season, Glenn Schwartz’s team excavated 27 Middle and Late Bronze in particular the lacuna in the first half of the line. Despite significant Age archaeobotanical samples from Kurd Qaburstan, a 118 ha walled palaeographic and syntactic difficulties, past scholarship has tended mound located on the Erbil Plain. These samples were preserved via to interpret the rubric as a continuation of the frame narrative in mundane charring and provide support for the widespread use of which the seer Balaam addresses “his people.” However, this paper dung fuel and intensive pasturing or foddering activities. Excavations will propose a new restoration based on close examination of the conducted at Gund-i Topzawa in the mountainous region of Sidekan published photographs and the physical texts, as well as the syntax and between 2013 and 2014 under the direction of Michael Danti as semantics of the line. It will argue that the rubric marks an important part of the Rowanduz Archaeological Program, have yielded 41 transition within the text, and that it directly addresses the implied archaeobotanical samples from a small Early Iron Age domestic audience of the DAPT with an exhortation to heed the preceding structure. These samples were preserved via catastrophic fire and oracle and to preserve it orally. That is to say, there is reason to provide a rare snapshot of household storage activities and fruit use. believe that the material text included explicit instructions for its oral The plant remains from Kurd Qaburstan and Gund-i Topzawa reflect performance. This new proposal is consistent with the view that much different depositional histories. Nevertheless they highlight striking ancient literature existed within an oral-literate continuum, and holds contrasts between plant use in the highlands and the plains and the important implications for the textualization of prophetic utterances foundations of agrarian life during the Bronze and Iron Ages. in the ancient Near East and the function of early literary texts more generally. Kyra Kaercher (University of Pennsylvania) and Katie Downey (The Ohio State University), “Ghabrestan-i Topzawa, an Achaemenid Jacco Dieleman (University of California, Los Angeles), “The Tomb in Iraqi Kurdistan” Materiality of Textual Amulets in the Ancient World” This paper presents an analysis of Ghabrestan-i Topzawa, an This paper investigates the material properties of textual amulets Achaemenid tomb in Iraqi Kurdistan. In the summer of 2013, the from Egypt, the Near East, and the Mediterranean. Textual amulets Rowanduz Archaeological Project, under the direction of Michael are short apotropaic texts inscribed on linen, papyrus, or metal foil, Danti, was called in to investigate a stone-built tomb outside Sidekan, which when folded or rolled and tied with a piece of string were Iraqi Kurdistan. Ghabrestan-i Topzawa was found during a road worn around the neck for protection in life. These artifacts have been widening, when a bulldozer clipped the outside wall. The tomb was found across the region, inscribed in various languages with a variety constructed from large worked limestone slabs and contained two of apotropaic designs. Differences in design and usage between the use-phases separated by a thick sterile matrix. The original phase various regions and across time suggest that the practice started in contained burials that were laid on a packed floor, some articulated, Egypt as early as the Bronze Age and found its way into the Levant and others had been disturbed in antiquity. This burial episode contained across the Mediterranean in the Iron Age. The textual amulets from a large assemblage of pottery, a few items of personal adornment, and Egypt, Ketef Hinnom, and Phoenician sites across the Mediterranean a large amount of animal bones. A radiocarbon date was obtained will be compared to identify commonalities and differences in design from charcoal on the earliest surface and provided a date in the late that might throw light on the question of how these different cultures Achaemenid or post-Achaemenid period (359–389 cal B.C.). After this conceived communication (verbal, visual, and material) as a tool to first use-phase the stone blocking of the entrance was either pushed or influence the course of events. fell inward, and the tomb may have been partially looted. The tomb was then reused for a large number of burials, which were tightly Jessie DeGrado (University of Chicago) and Matthew Richey packed into the tomb in extended positions with the heads to the west. (University of Chicago), “An Inscribed Pazuzu Statuette at the There were no grave goods associated with this phase. This paper seeks Ashmolean Museum” to analyze the tomb, both the human remains and the grave goods, in In 1892, G. J. Chester presented the Ashmolean Museum with order to look at this local late-Achaemenid or early post-Achaemenid a statuette allegedly from San el-Hagar, Egypt. The statuette was first assemblage. Ghabrestan-i Topzawa gives us a look at this extremely published seventy years later by Moorey (1965), who identified the rare assemblage from a sealed Achaemenid context. figure as the infamous Mesopotamian demon Pazuzu. In addition to his striking iconographic attributes, the winged demon bears on his 4H. Ancient Inscriptions II legs a four-line Northwest Semitic inscription, interpretation of which was entrusted, in the statuette’s editio princeps, to G. R. Driver. At the CHAIRS: Heather Dana Davis Parker (Johns Hopkins University) and time, Driver admitted that his understanding was preliminary, owing Michael Langlois (University of Strasbourg, Institute University of largely to corrosion on the statue’s surface. Scholars have since noted France), Presiding the desirability of a reexamination employing modern photographic techniques and more rigorous philological method. We propose to Gareth Wearne (Australian Catholic University), “The Second present a new reading, translation, and discussion of this important text Rubric in the Deir ‘Alla Plaster Texts as an Instruction for the Oral on the basis of unpublished photographs, courtesy of the Ashmolean Performance of the Text” Museum, and summer 2016 collation. As the only Northwest Semitic Since their initial publication it has been recognized that the inscription associated with a Pazuzu representation, this text reveals

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interaction with Mesopotamian demonology in a Northwest-Semitic- provide parallels for the use of ancient and exotic beads in ornaments. speaking context. Given Driver’s and our reading of {ssm} as the first Banded agate and carnelian have significant symbolic value among lexeme of the present inscription, we will also examine proposals these groups and may provide some insight into the patterns found to find Pazuzu or an associate behind the figure “Sisinios” in later in the Tell el-Hesi cemetery. The rigorous methodology developed in Aramaic, Greek, and other sources. this study for the identification and interpretation of curation and/or collection can provide an important model for the reanalysis of other Bezalel Porten (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “Presenting a bead assemblages in West and South Asia. Textbook of Aramaic Ostraca (TAO), Volume 2” Whereas volume 1 (presented at the 2014 ASOR meeting) Jonathan Mark Kenoyer (University of Wisconsin-Madison) and included ten dossiers of clans and prominent individuals, volume 2 Dennys Frenez (University of Bologna), “Production, Trade, and covers forty dossiers (= forty individuals), divided into four groups Reuse of Stone Beads in Oman during the Fourth to First Millennia arranged in descending order, from 25/20 to 7/4 per dossier. Since B.C.E.” most individuals lack patronyms, there are numerous cross-references The study of stone beads from sites in Oman dating from the to persons appearing in volume 1. There are nine tables, five (updated) fourth millennium to the first millennium B.C.E., provide a unique for the processed grains measured by capacity—semolina+flour, perspective on the production, trade, and reuse of stone beads in resh, sifted/crushed grain, grindings, and barley flour; and four for Eastern Arabia. This paper will present the analysis of stone beads containers measured by number—bundles, bales, loads, and a master from a wide range of sites excavated by numerous different teams over chart. While the individual dossiers chronicle personal transactions— the past 30 years. In addition to morphological and stylistic analysis, dated and undated; with or without payee, agent, source, depository, the methodology used for this study includes high magnification signatory, or sealing sign—the tables trace the frequency of eight imaging using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and chemical different commodities. Not only do they reveal scribal practice, analysis of raw materials for sourcing using Laser Ablation Inductively showing how some six recognizable scribes produced chits for one or Coupled Mass Spectrometry (LAICPMS). A variety of stone bead two commodities only, the large number of unidentifiable ones were production techniques are represented in the stone bead assemblages, part of a trained pool of equally skilled scribes. Most significantly, but so far only soft stone beads are known to have been produced in analysis of these tables leads to the conclusion that these chits are Oman during the prehistoric period. Hard stone beads, made from not records of a government taxation system, as some scholars have carnelian, banded agate, jasper, or quartz may have been produced maintained. As we did for volume 1, so here, too, we shall illustrate in adjacent regions such as Iran, the Indus Valley, Yemen, Western these points through photos from the book, with adjacent sidebars. Arabia, Mesopotamia, Egypt, or even Anatolia. The distribution of Links will be provided for the three updated KWIC’s that appear in the specific bead-types and the reuse of beads over millennia, provide CD for volume 1. an important window into the nature of interactions between communities in Oman and adjacent regions during the Prehistoric 5A. Archaeology of Arabia I and Early Iron Age periods. This study has been supported by the Sultan Qaboos Cultural Center and the Department of Archaeology, CHAIR: Michael Harrower (Johns Hopkins University), Presiding Ministry of Heritage and Culture, Sultanate of Oman.

Geoffrey Ludvik (University of Wisconsin-Madison) and Jonathan Matthew Jameson (Bryn Mawr College), “Ubaid Interaction in Mark Kenoyer (University of Wisconsin-Madison), “Bead Curation the Arabian Gulf in the Light of New Research on the Origin and in West Asia: Stone and Glass Beads from the Tell el-Hesi Bedouin Technology of Ubaid and ‘Local’ Pottery from Dosariyah (Saudi Cemetery” Arabia)” The curation or reuse of beads is an important cultural pattern Interaction between Ubaid Mesopotamia and eastern Arabia was documented in many parts of the world. This paper examines a unique first discovered in the 1960s. The drivers for this interaction, and the example of reuse in the bead corpus from the Bedouin cemetery (A.D. effects it had on both societies, is still poorly understood. In this paper 1500 to 1800) at Tell el-Hesi, Israel, excavated by the Tell el-Hesi we present new research on ceramics from the key of site of Dosariyah Regional Project in the 1970s. Using scanning electron microscopy in Saudi Arabia. This research seeks to better understand the economic (SEM) at high magnification and LA-ICP-MS geological sourcing, we and technological impact that this interaction had on both societies. present a detailed analysis of these beads, including their geological Compositional analysis demonstrates a more complicated origin sourcing, manufacturing sequences, and use indicators. Based on for the imported Ubaid pottery than hitherto thought, as well as technology, style, and mineralogy, it is possible to propose regions of new information on the putative “local” Neolithic pottery. Magnetic origin and specific chronological periods during which most of the susceptibility is also used to determine the firing background of both beads were produced. A few of the stone beads appear to have been ceramics. We conclude with some tentative thoughts on the long-term made during the third millennium B.C. and can be traced to areas impact of interaction between a sedentary agricultural society and the as distant as Afghanistan and the Indus Valley region. It is possible Neolithic pastoral communities of Arabia. that some of these beads were passed down as heirlooms, or found fortuitously eroding from ancient sites, or obtained through other mechanisms. Ethnographic observations of traditional jewelry of nomadic communities and some settled groups in West and South Asia

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William Zimmerle (Dhofar University), “The Archaeological of the individual cuneiform signs—are metadiscursive phenomena Biography of Small Bronze Shaft-Hole Axeheads from MAGAN: that shape the communicative function of the inscription. Better An Ethnographic Case-Study on Metal Craftsmanship from the comprehending the inscription’s communicative function, in turn, Musandam Peninsula (Sultanate of Oman) and Ras al-Khaimah allows us to better reconstruct the statue’s historical context. (United Arab Emirates)” The well-preserved cultural community of Musandam today in Rita Lucarelli (University of California, Berkeley), “Ancient Egyptian the Sultanate of Oman provides a unique insight into how the domestic Magical Spells in 3D and the Materiality of the Book of the Dead” manufacturing of small metal tools might have existed in the past. In The textual corpus of the ancient Egyptian Book of the Dead this paper, I will address the archaeological biography of small axe head is mainly known for its attestation on papyrus, while the textual bronze/copper-making within the Musandam Peninsula and apply variants copied on coffins are generally left unpublished or even the evidence found from ethnographic observations there to the types unnoticed. However, it is on tridimensional objects such as coffins of axe heads that were traded and deposited within Bronze Age tombs that one can get a better understanding about the way magical texts throughout the Magan-Iranian-Mesopotamian interaction zone. The are mapped and disposed outside and inside the coffin according to paper will offer an updated catalogue, typology, and chronology on their main protective function of the body, how they interact with the the form and function of small axe heads in the archaeological record accompanying illustrations, and how they are strictly correlated to from the third until the early first millennia B.C. including how their the “architecture” of the coffin itself. In this paper a few 3D models of geometric designs were made and metals forged, while also concluding coffins decorated with Book of the Dead texts will be presented, which the presentation with high resolution photographs from the author’s are kept in the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology. They will ethnographic fieldwork. Finally, a short video will also illustrate the be taken as case studies in order to discuss the materiality of the Book contemporary manufacturing of axe heads (jerz) as an endangered of the Dead. cultural heritage craft in the United Arab Emirates and the Sultanate Jody Washburn (Walla Walla University), “The Family Tomb as an of Oman. Inscribed Artifact: A Material and Spatial Analysis of the Beit Lei Peter Magee (Bryn Mawr College), “Qanat/Falaj Irrigation in the Inscriptions” Longue Durée of Arid Zone Occupation in the Ancient Near East.” Studies of Hebrew epigraphic material often privilege either New archaeological evidence from southeastern Arabia refutes textual analysis (palaeography and content) or contextual analysis the dominant narrative that ties qanat/falaj technology to imperial and (setting and related material culture remains). The complex nature state power in the ancient Near East. Our research indicates that the of the Beit Lei corpus—curses and petitions, images, private, incised initial use of this technology finds its raison d’être in those societies in stone, set in a hewn family burial chamber, lack of identifying that lived in the arid, desert conditions that prevailed on the so-called epitaphs—requires a more holistic approach. Materiality studies call margins of the Near East. It is here that people had lived for thousands for an integration of questions regarding content, setting, relationship, of years developing knowledge and technology that permitted them to and production. This leads to a more nuanced analysis than has thrive where rainfall was minimal and no rivers flowed. The qanat/falaj been offered in previous treatments of the inscriptions. Considering system is perhaps the most compelling evidence of their adaptability the cave as an inscribed artifact with different phases of production and innovation when faced with the challenges that this environment and use opens the possibility of multiple subgroups of inscriptions presented. as well as multiple original purposes for the space and inscriptions. Careful analysis of stroke order, where it is visible, reveals phases of 5B. Materiality of Communication I inscribing and brings up questions regarding the relationship between the inscriptions as well as the relationship between the inscriptions CHAIRS: Emily Cole (Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, and the space. Noting the specific setting of each inscription within NYU) and Alice Mandell (University of Wisconsin-Madison), the tomb antechamber reveals their concentration around chamber Presiding entrances. These examples illustrate the types of questions that come up when applying a materiality approach to the Beit Lei corpus. The Jacob Lauinger (Johns Hopkins University), “The Look and Shape of combination of familiar formulae and drawings in a space that would Things: Extralinguistic Features of the Statue of Idrimi Inscription as have carried connotations of family identity and continuity reveals Metadiscursive Phenomena” the innovative nature of the inscriptions—either as early predecessors The Statue of Idrimi inscription has been dated to the both the to the burial inscriptions common in later periods, or as special beginning and the end of the Late Bronze Age as well as to points in harnessing of the powers associated with writing and tomb space in a between. The lack of scholarly consensus derives, in part, from the time of community crisis. statue’s troubled archaeological context and from the inscription itself, which purports to offer a relatively straightforward historical narrative Catherine Bonesho (University of Wisconsin-Madison), “Aesthetics but may in fact be a pseudo-autobiographical literary construct. In of Empire: The Importance of Presentation in Palmyrene and Latin this paper, I shift focus away from find spot and content and instead Bilingual Inscriptions” onto some extralinguistic features of the inscription. I argue that Scholars have assumed that many Palmyrene Aramaic–Latin these features—the material into which the inscription is carved, bilingual inscriptions consist of unrelated “biversions” rather than the visual arrangement of words on the statue, and the paleography translations because of discrepancies between both (a) the content of

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the texts and (b) the respective formulae employed by each text (e.g., 5C. Archaeology of Israel: The 2011–2016 Excavations at Huqoq Latin dis manibus vs. Palmyrene hbl). However, bilingual inscriptions found throughout the Roman Empire consistently demonstrate their CHAIR: Jodi Magness (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), adherence to the conventions of inscriptional genres and material Presiding presentation. Material presentation of a bilingual inscription indicates Matthew Grey (Brigham Young University), Jodi Magness (University which text was intended to be visually primary, that is, which is of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Shua Kisilevitz (Israel Antiquities meant to be seen most prominently. Multiple features constitute Authority) and Dennis Mizzi (University of Malta), “The 2015–2016 the material presentation, including the relative positioning of the Seasons of Excavations at Huqoq” texts, the presence or absence of a frame around the texts, and the Since 2011, Jodi Magness of the University of North Carolina at overall quality of the script. While visual primacy is not necessarily Chapel Hill has directed excavations in the ancient village of Huqoq indicative of a text’s conceptual priority, when compounded with in eastern Lower Galilee, assisted by Shua Kisilevitz of the Israel other features, it can illuminate the texts’ relationship to one another. Antiquities Authority. The excavations have brought to light parts of Using Palmyrene Aramaic Texts (PAT) 248 and 250 and incorporating the Jewish village of the fifth–sixth centuries and the Ottoman period a visual analysis of the inscriptions, in addition to a close analysis of Muslim village of Yakuk. In this paper, we report on the results of the the texts, one finds that the Latin and Palmyrene Aramaic texts are 2015–2016 excavation seasons, which focused on a monumental, Late related to one another, with each Latin text serving as the source text Roman (fifth century) synagogue paved with extraordinary mosaics. for its Palmyrene counterpart. Moreover, in the case of PAT 248, an The mosaics include the first depiction of a non-biblical story, and analysis of the material presentation can assist in the reading of the the first scene from daily life ever discovered decorating an ancient text: the presentation illuminates the relationship between the Latin synagogue. The synagogue was expanded and reused as a public and Palmyrene texts and offers new evidence for understanding the building in the Middle Ages (12th–13th centuries), when the stylobates Aramaic. and pedestals were lifted a half a meter, and the aisles were paved with Elizabeth Wueste (University of California, Berkeley), “Managing mosaics. Column drums from the synagogue that were used in the Multiple Conversations: The Multileveled Communication of Late medieval building to support the lifted stylobates still preserve their Antique Honorific Monuments and Epigraphy” original painted decoration. This paper provides an overview of these The barriers to understanding the epigraphy of late antique recent discoveries, which shed new light on Galilean Jews and Judaism honorific monuments are high. One must be able to parse the epigraphic against the background of the rise and spread of Christianity. abbreviations, recognize the hierarchy of offices, and understand Martin Wells (Austin College), “The Architecture of the Huqoq the bureaucratic processes involved in granting the monument. The Synagogue” messages are further obscured as the bases themselves are often reused In 2011, the Huqoq Excavation Project began work near a monuments or funerary stelae, and would have stood several bases surface cluster of architectural fragments that suggested the presence deep, topped by similarly reused sculpted bodies and newly carved of a monumental structure close by. Excavation in that area over the portrait heads. Who could possibly have been the intended audience next five seasons revealed the entire east wall, and parts of the south of such visually complicated and coded honors? To declare that the and north walls of a large synagogue building dating to the fifth epigraphy was intended to communicate honors that only other public century. The plan of the building uncovered to date indicates that it magistrates and local elite could appreciate is to dismiss the considerable was rectangular, with the short walls on the north and south sides. effort and expense that went into the erection of the monument as a The inside of the east wall still preserves white plaster. A pi-shaped whole. Only when the epigraphy is reinserted into its original context stylobate carried pedestals with columns decorated with painted of base, body, and head does it become apparent that late antique vegetal designs, creating aisles on the east, north, and west sides. The honorific monuments were communicating prestige, power, and plan, together with in situ architectural fragments, those scattered imperial proximity to several demographics simultaneously. While the on the surface (including a lost fragment reportedly decorated with inscribed base might have only been fully valued by the honorand’s a menorah), and spolia in the modern village houses of Yakuk are peers, the classically sculpted body would speak to a wider cultured typical of Galilean type synagogues. audience, and the contemporary portrait head would be recognizable Even more interesting is the reuse and expansion of the synagogue to the local public with whom the honorand interacted. The written, architecture in the 12th–13th centuries for another monumental public visual, and cultural communicative ability of the monument is stifled building, the identification of which remains unclear. The builders when the epigraphy is studied in isolation. Only the full original reused much of the synagogue, for example, cutting new doorways display context of the honorific monument is able to reveal the varied through the original east wall and making benches out of ashlar conversations it was simultaneously engaged in at multiple levels of blocks. They also reused the entire stylobate, including the column late antique society. bases, raising it to the level of the new floor and supporting it with architectural fragments. This paper will examine the architecture of the Late Roman synagogue and its transformation into this enigmatic medieval structure.

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Karen Britt (Western Carolina University) and Ra’anan Boustan site of Huqoq has played in the creation of a typology and chronology (University of California, Los Angeles), “Recent Mosaic Discoveries of common (local) Galilean pottery and the preliminary results of that from the Huqoq Synagogue: Local and Regional Perspectives” endeavor. Since 2011, the Huqoq Excavation Project has been bringing to light a monumental, Late Roman (fifth century) synagogue paved with Carolyn Swan (University College London, Qatar), “The Glass from stunning mosaics. In fact, mosaics have been found every season since Huqoq” 2012 in all areas excavated inside the synagogue. As in previous seasons, The glass finds from six seasons of excavation at the site of the subject matter of the most recently uncovered mosaics departs in Huqoq (2011–2016) offer good insight into the presence and use of significant ways from the common repertoire of images found in other glass objects during the Late Roman and Early Byzantine periods in synagogues in Galilee. After providing an overview of the mosaics the Galilee region of Israel. Glass artifacts were recovered from village discovered in 2015–2016, we offer preliminary observations concerning contexts as well as from the area of the monumental synagogue. their relationship to the mosaics uncovered in previous seasons, as Inhabitants of the village used glass primarily for domestic dining and well as to comparable material from the surrounding region. The toiletry purposes, and vessel forms and styles reflect repertoires and distinctive character of the Huqoq mosaics challenges conventional tastes characteristic for this region and era. There is also some glass scholarly assumptions concerning the relative uniformity and limited evidence supporting the impression that Huqoq was a prosperous range of imagery used in synagogue mosaics. The Huqoq mosaics village, with rare examples of figural facet-cut luxury glass. Glass also call into question the extent to which overarching programmatic fragments from the synagogue contexts are of particular interest, and principles guided the production of synagogue mosaics or shaped the will be compared with recent examinations of glass finds associated viewing experience of synagogue-goers. On the contrary, especially with contemporary churches and synagogues in the region. when considered in their immediate local context, the Huqoq finds demonstrate just how flexible synagogue mosaics were as a resource 5D. Archaeology and Biblical Studies I for communal self-fashioning. CHAIR: Jonathan Rosenbaum (Gratz College), Presiding Ra’anan Boustan (University of California, Los Angeles) and Karen Wolfgang Zwickel (Johannes Gutenberg-University of Mainz), “The Britt (Western Carolina University), “The ‘Elephant Panel’ from the Land of Geshur in the Light of Settlement History” Huqoq Synagogue: Historical Memory in a Late Antique Jewish The history of Geshur has been heavily debated in recent years Community” (Arav, Pakkala, Na’aman), based mainly on biblical and extrabiblical The 2013–2015 excavations in the Late Roman (fifth century) texts. No consensus has been reached. However, in the last 30 years, synagogue at Huqoq revealed a mosaic depicting a subject that is several surveys and excavations have explored the area. In addition, unparalleled in ancient synagogue art. The mosaic panel displays an the settlement history from the Middle Bronze Age to the Persian enigmatic narrative over three registers of unequal size. Although Period in the Golan territory can elucidate the historical situation. there are no inscriptions identifying the episodes represented, the This paper will combine survey and excavation results with texts presence of battle elephants and period-specific dress sets the Huqoq in order to understand more fully historical developments. While the mosaic apart in the corpus of ancient synagogue art. In all other known area was nearly unsettled in the Late Bronze Age, numerous sites had synagogues, the subject matter depicted in narrative scenes derives been founded in the Iron Age I period. Many of those sites had been from the Hebrew Bible. In this paper, we present what we believe are previously settled in the MBA II period. Many Iron Age I sites were the likeliest interpretations of the events portrayed in this mosaic. abandoned at the end of that period. At the transition from Iron Age I The iconography and composition of the mosaic, when set alongside to Iron Age II, likely to be dated around 950 B.C.E., Bethsaida/et-Tell Jewish and non-Jewish textual traditions suggest that it portrays an and En Gev were developed as fortresses that guarded the roads up historical event, either real or invented, from the late Classical or to the Golan area. The kingdom of Geshur was then included in the Hellenistic periods. The memorialization of a nonbiblical event in a territory of Aram-Damascus. There seems to have been a floruit of synagogue challenges conventional scholarly assumptions concerning settlement activities in the ninth century B.C.E., which came to an end the historical consciousness of Jews in late antique Galilee. We suggest in the eighth century, either due to an earthquake (ca. 760 B.C.E., cf. that Jewish knowledge of and interest in the past were not governed Amos 1:1) or to the Assyrians (733/732 B.C.E.). solely by the reiteration of biblical narrative in liturgy, homily, and art, but also incorporated historical events and figures from the relatively Peter Feinman (Institute of History, Archaeology, and Education), recent past. “Canaanite Myth in the Hebrew Epic: The Elyon Case Study” The discovery of the Ugaritic texts changed biblical scholarship. Daniel Schindler (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), “The Now it was possible to hear the stories of Baal, Asherah, Anat, and even Late Roman and Byzantine Pottery from Huqoq” El from the Canaanite perspective. Biblical scholars quickly identified This paper focuses on the Late Roman and Byzantine (ca. 300– vocabulary, motifs, and stories that seem to have been derived from 700 C.E.) pottery from the site of Horvat Huqoq, in particular, the Canaanite source material. This study will address one specific finds recovered from area 2000 (the ancient village), excavated for four example of an apparently non-Israelite deity in the Hebrew Bible, the seasons (2011–2014). The ceramic data is placed within the context of god Elyon. In the narrative tradition, Elyon appears most prominently Late Roman and Byzantine Galilee and the wider eastern provincial/ in Gen. 14 and in the poetry of Deut. 32. He appears scattered among Mediterranean market. The paper concludes by discussing the role the the psalms with Ps. 82 garnering the most attention. This analysis

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seeks to determine the historical process by which this non-Israelite approach differs methodologically from the functionalist approach deity entered the Israelite tradition. In particular the emphasis will be in interpreting the United Monarchy’s archaeological correlates, on the political context through which this deity assumed a position of with particular attention to the relevance of material factors of the prominence in a tradition of Yahweh and Israel. It will seek to identify archaeological record and their relationship to state formation. both the champions of this deity and those who resented both Elyon and his champions. On the basis of this effort, suggestions will be David Clint Burnett (Boston College), “When the Twain Do Not made for what this means for understanding Israelite history and the Meet: Material Culture and Paul’s Letters” composition of the Hebrew Bible. Imperial cults pose two problems for historians of early Christianity. First, the majority of data related to emperor worship Chris McKinny, (Bar-Ilan University), “Struck Down for Error: is found in material culture, not literary sources. The interpretation A Discussion of Two Early Iron Age Israelite Temples and Their of these materials is difficult and evidence must be set into its Possible Connection to the Movements of the Ark of Covenant in archaeological context and interpreted in its own right before any Samuel” extrapolations about its connections with early Christianity can be In 2012, two early Iron Age temples in the region of Judah were made. Second, imperial veneration was such a diverse phenomenon, discovered. The first of these temples was uncovered at Tel Beth operating at four different levels in the Roman world, that one cannot Shemesh in the Judean Shephelah near the border between the Israelites assume it was monolithic. Consequently, determining the type of and the Philistines. The second temple is from Tel Moza in the Judean imperial cult to which a piece of evidence belongs is necessary for Hill Country near one of the main routes between Jerusalem and the its proper interpretation. This paper highlights these two problems Shephelah/Coastal Plain. According to the excavators, the Tel Beth by examining a particular Pauline text, 1 Cor 8:5, and comparing it Shemesh temple dates to the 11th century B.C.E., and the Tel Moza with evidence for emperor worship in a particular place, Corinth. temple was active from ca. 10th–9th centuries B.C.E. In this paper, I In the process, this paper asks: Were the Julio-Claudian emperors will argue that the presence of these temples should be connected with gods in the Corinth of Paul’s day? The thesis of this presentation is the traditions of the movements of the Ark of the Covenant detailed in twofold: (1) Most of Paul’s converts would not have considered the the book of Samuel. I will argue that the Beth Shemesh temple may be Julio-Claudians gods. (2) Paul does not attempt to relate accurately the associated with the return of the Ark of the Covenant to Israel and the pagan cults of Roman Corinth in 1 Cor 8:5. Rather, his purpose is to subsequent divine execution of some of the city’s inhabitants (1 Sam explicate Christian monotheism in 1 Cor 8:6 and its consequences for 6:11–7:1). Subsequently, I will offer the possibility that the temple from the Corinthians. First Cor 8:5, therefore, is one case in which a Pauline Moza should be linked to the journey of the Ark of the Covenant to text and material culture are not in conversation with each other. Jerusalem in 2 Sam 6:5–11 and, specifically, the “house of Obed-edom the Gittite.” The paper will conclude with a brief discussion of the role Yinon Shivtiel (Zefat Academic College and C.R.C. – the Cave of Israelite cult sites in the formation and preservation of their national Research Center), “Hiding Complexes and Cliff Shelters: Refuge cultural memory. Caves in the Galilee during the Early Roman Period” Two phenomena in the Galilee shed light on the history of Zachary Thomas (Macquarie University), “The Archaeology of the Jewish defense methods during the Early Roman period. The first United Monarchy: Reconsidering Interpretive Frameworks” is the 'hiding complex'. The plans of 70 underground chambers are The archaeological and historical debate concerning the period compared to those of hiding complexes discovered in Judea. The of David and Solomon in ancient Israel has now been ongoing for unique typology of the Galilee underground chambers suggests that over two decades, and caused scholars to seriously reconsider the not all Judean hiding complex criteria can be applied to the Galilee historicity of the biblical text and its relationship to its archaeological complexes. Hence, a broader definition of hiding complexes is correlates. However, the major practitioners in this debate have never needed. The second phenomenon is natural caves modified for human really reflected upon or justified their shared underlying interpretative habitation found at the tops of steep cliffs near Jewish settlements framework, in particular their methodological assumptions about how extant in the Second Temple period, possibly associated with the to interpret the material evidence for the early Iron Age in Israel. Jewish population that participated in the First Revolt. I term this This paper will argue that upon closer examination, this shared type of chamber a 'cliff shelter.' In two of his books Josephus describes interpretative framework is found to be functionalist in nature, in that his activity in the Galilee, where he was sent to make preparations it is preoccupied with material factors and the assumed functional for the Great Revolt including fortifying and defending settlements. role of material remains in the social and administrative system Five such settlements were next to steep cliffs containing karstic caves of an ancient kingdom, not to mention their ability to indicate that inaccessible except through rope descent. The wall plastering together kingdom’s degree of “development” in a distinctly evolutionist sense. with numerous finds helps date the cave modification to the Hellenistic Using the work of David Schloen, this paper will then discuss and Early Roman periods and possibly prior to the First Revolt. My how this functionalist approach is both anachronistic for the ancient research suggests that the Galilean Jews used underground or elevated Near East and inapplicable to Israel’s native social context. Rather, complexes as places of refuge or hiding when they felt a palpable threat Schloen’s model of household patrimonialism and its incorporation of to their lives from the Roman authorities. the symbolic and practical ordering of society in the idea of the “house of the father” will be described as the appropriate framework. This paper will then discuss the primary ways in which taking Schloen’s

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5E. Archaeologists Engaging Global Challenges refugees into northern Jordan, with Za’atari camp located less than 5 km away. Given this complex context, a salient question for an engaged CHAIRS: Catherine P. Foster (Ancient Middle East Education and archaeology becomes how historical understanding might inform Research Institute) and Erin D. Darby (University of Tennessee), sustainable policy solutions for communities like Umm el-Jimal. As Presiding such, restoring the ancient water system for use by local residents is a key goal of the Umm el-Jimal Project and its local partners. This Howard Cyr (University of Tennessee), “Methods for Examining paper will develop an appropriate theoretical framework, report on Social-Environmental Interaction within the Archaeological Record; the project’s planning and recent fieldwork, and explore the challenges An Example from ‘Ayn Gharandal, a Late Roman Fort in Southern and potential for this project’s long-term outcome as a social good. It Jordan” thereby aims to contribute to the growing dialogue of archaeologists The burgeoning stresses placed on society by climate change with living communities and the global challenges we all face. have increased the need for a better-informed body politic. Historical and archaeological sciences and their emphasis on the longue durée Katie Paul (Antiquities Coalition), “New Methodologies in provide invaluable data and unique perspectives concerning human- Visualizing Data: Identifying Patterns and Solutions for Culture environmental relationships through time at local, regional, and global Under Threat” levels. The inclusion of theoretical frameworks such as Resilience Economic and socio-political destabilization sine the Arab Spring theory and Panarchy have strengthened informative, interpretive, has launched an unprecedented acceleration of antiquities looting and and predictive narratives by providing agent-based, environmentally destruction across the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). Using contextualized explanations of social-ecological resilience, innovation, new technologies and methodologies to visualize data has provided and transformation. In recent decades, multidisciplinary research unique insights into patterns that can inform policy solutions in programs such as geoarchaeology, environmental archaeology, combatting destruction of cultural sites and the looting and trafficking and historical and political ecology have not only accentuated the of antiquities to fund that continued destruction. The development interconnectedness of ecological and social systems, but have also of an interactive MENA-wide mapping of not only heritage, but also provided methodological and theoretical frameworks to study terror-controlled regions, primary and secondary sources of terror complex human-environmental interaction within the archaeological funding, and tactics of destruction has provided a new look at patterns. record. Oftentimes, however, the acquisition of environmentally The Culture Under Threat Map was a two-year long project sensitive data is not routinely incorporated into Near Eastern developed to illustrate a regional-scale perspective of heritage losses archaeological research designs. Using recent geoarchaeological to date and threatened areas that remain at risk. This mapping has and paleoenvironmental investigations of the Roman military site allowed us to discern crimes against heritage and reveals that not of ‘Ayn Gharandal, located along the eastern margin of the Wadi only Daesh, but a slew of extremist groups increasingly using heritage Arabah desert in southern Jordan, this paper presents efficient and destruction as a tactic of terrorism. affordable methods to collect and analyze data necessary for site- The Millennium Project emphasizes long-term solutions; these level environmental reconstructions. Ecological data are often absent solutions cannot be understood without broad-reaching examination from historical narratives, leaving researchers to speculate not only of heritage alongside the socio-political landscape of the region at on the significance of changing human-environmental relationships large, including the security threats both within and outside of Iraq and but also on those specific environmental conditions upon which they Syria. Addressing heritage destruction must involve an understanding are based. A better understanding of past environments increases our of threats to national and regional stability. understanding of historic adaptive responses within social-ecological Mapping threats on a MENA-wide scale yields new means of systems and, in doing so, greatly increases archaeology’s relevancy in visualizing the widespread destruction of heritage in relation to known addressing global challenges facing humanity in the 21st century. hot spots of terror holdings, trafficking flows, and demographics of likely offenders, thus providing data toward actionable solutions in Paul Christians (Stanford University), “Restoring Ancient Umm protecting culture under threat. el-Jimal’s Reservoir System: Archaeology, Water, Resilience, and Community Building in Northern Jordan” Øystein LaBianca (Andrews University), “Archaeology Engaging the Water is the second of the UN Millennium Project’s global Anthropocene” challenges for a sustainable future. Yet water resources have been a The Anthropocene is the epoch in human history when the central concern for life in the arid southern Hauran badiya—as in activities of humans begin to alter and eventually “overwhelm the many parts of the Middle East—for millennia. The modern community great forces of nature.” This paper will discuss ways that archaeologists and ancient site of Umm el-Jimal is no exception. One of its major may engage the current discourse about the historical antecedents features is an extensive system of more than 40 reservoirs and channels of and a way forward for humanity in the Age of the Anthropocene. that trapped and stored enough run-off water to sustain the ancient To this end, recent efforts to narrate the past of Tall Hisban from the town’s citizens year-round. However, with the advent of deep drilling perspective of global history will be drawn upon as an illustration. technology in the latter half of the twentieth century, modern Umm Global history is a new kind of history that seeks to crystallize a new el-Jimal’s community and hinterlands increasingly rely on regional narrative of humanity’s past that focuses on the cumulative story of the aquifers being drained at several times their replenishment rate. This impact of humans on the Earth’s ecosystem. The anthropological work crisis has been exacerbated by the influx of tens of thousands of Syrian initiated by the Heshbon Expedition at Tall Hisban already during

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the 1970s and 1980s anticipated the research agendas embodied by complex social structures that these relationships form are organized global history and the Anthropocene. In particular, the crystallization and reorganized through time and manifest as changes in overall of the food systems approach led to pioneering work (for historical social complexity seen in the material remains uncovered through archaeology in Jordan and the southern Levant) in collection, the archaeological investigation of settlements and cemeteries. Using analysis and interpretation of environmental, palaeobotanical, and small-world network analysis, a methodology derived from other zooarchaeological data. During the 1980s, research was expanded to sciences, and estimations of wealth through Gini coefficients, this include geographic information systems’ supported investigation of research shows that social complexity varies regionally, increasing, cycles of environmental degeneration and regeneration of the local decreasing, and cycling through time, contrary to the unilinear environment that pointed to a pattern of cumulative environmental trajectory of increasing complexity often stressed in the literature. degradation linked to long-term cycles of boom and bust in the local food system. Alexander Donald (La Trobe University), “Socio-Political Structure in Late Bronze Age Cyprus: The Evidence from Glyptic” 5F. Archaeology of Cyprus I In the absence of a comprehensible written record from the island itself, the socio-political structure of Cyprus in the Late Bronze CHAIR: Nancy Serwint (Arizona State University), Presiding Age (1650–1100 B.C.E.) remains a subject of some debate. Foreign references to a “Great King of Alashiya” (thought to be the ancient Alan Simmons (University of Nevada, Las Vegas), “No Neolithic Is name for Cyprus) have led some to identify the island as a single an Island: Cyprus’s Role in the Neolithic Revolution” polity. However, the distribution of sites, the lack of a clear settlement The so-called “Neolithic Revolution” first occurred in the Near hierarchy, and inconsistencies in the architectural features of major East around 10,000 years ago, transforming human society forever. coastal centers challenge this notion of centralized rule. This paper For many years, the Mediterranean islands were often considered reconsiders evidence for political relations on the island based upon little more than footnotes to this event. Recent research, however, analysis of over 250 provenanced cylinder seals from the period. Since has demonstrated a Neolithic on Cyprus that is as early as on the cylinder seals were first appropriated from the Near East in the 17th mainland. Kritou Marroutou Ais Giorkis is one of these sites. Unlike century B.C.E., they are thought to have served a potent role in the most contemporary (ca. 7500–8000 cal. B.C.) settlements, it is located signaling of social status and the articulation of a unifying ideology. in the foothills of the Troodos Mountains in western Cyprus, whereas The capacity of cylinder seals to shed some new light on the question others are closer to the coast. These sites, generally referred as Cypro- of Late Cypriot social structure is discussed through close examination PPNB, along with a handful of even older PPNA sites, are important, of glyptic style and deposition. confirming a Cypriot Neolithic far earlier than what was previously documented. Several seasons of interdisciplinary investigations at Caroline Sauvage (Loyola Marymount University), “The Textile Ais Giorkis have revealed a small community with an incredibly rich Industry at Enkomi” assemblage, including some of the largest faunal and chipped stone Textile craft was practiced at all levels of Late Bronze societies assemblages documented on the island. The fauna included limited in Cyprus and was central to the Late Bronze age trade. Enkomi, amounts of cattle, an unusual occurrence since these animals had not throughout its British, Swedish, French, and Cypriot excavations previously been documented until the Bronze Age. Additionally, Ais yielded a substantial number of textile tools from funerary, domestic, Giorkis has unique architecture and some of the earliest directly dated and official contexts. Although these tools represent the perfect domestic plants in the Near East and Anatolia. This paper summarizes assemblage to study and contrast the different types of production our studies at the site, examining its role both in the colonization of the taking place within one of the main trading centers on the island, island and within a larger circum-Mediterranean context. I conclude they have been hardly published. This paper, therefore, proposes to with a brief discussion on the significance of the early Neolithic in compare the industries and their production throughout the city and Cyprus and its relationship with broader events that characterized the in different contexts in order to gain a better understanding of the Neolithic Revolution. textile producers, places of production, and possible finished products.

Laura Swantek (Arizona State University), “The Emergence of Social Simon Jusseret (University of Texas at Austin), Joachim Bretschneider Complexity on Cyprus during the Prehistoric Bronze Age: A Small- (Katholieke Universiteit Leuven), Jan Driessen (Université Catholique World Network Approach” de Louvain), and Athanasia Kanta (Mediterranean Archaeological During the prehistoric Bronze Age on Cyprus, a 700-year period Society), “Renewed Excavations at Pyla-Kokkinokremos (Cyprus): from 2400 to 1700 cal B.C.E., small village-level societies across the First Results from the 2014–2016 Campaigns” island exhibit the unique socio-economic characteristics associated Located 10 km to the northeast of Larnaca, the Late Cypriot with changes in social complexity, such as the amassing of wealth IIC–IIIA (ca. 1230–1180 B.C.) settlement of Pyla-Kokkinokremos and power. This research examines how people form socio-economic represents a key site for the understanding of the end of the Bronze Age relationships across space and time, and through these connections in the eastern Mediterranean region. Occupied only for a few decades are able to exert control of labor, maintain long-distance trade contacts coinciding with the Mediterranean’s “crisis years,” Kokkinokremos and differentially access material and ideological resources, and, as provides a unique opportunity to investigate the material, social, a result, become wealthy and powerful members of society, while economic, and political contexts of a Late Bronze Age community others cannot. The social networks or the arrangements of people into before its final and, to date, unexplained abandonment. Following

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earlier explorations by Dikaios (1952), Karageorghis and Demas (1981– Douglas R. Clark (La Sierra University) and Kent V. Bramlett (La 1982), Karageorghis and Kanta (2010–2011) and Kanta (2012), a joint Sierra University), “The 2016 Excavations at Tall al-‘Umayri, Jordan” project of the universities of Louvain, Leuven, and the Mediterranean The Madaba Plains Project-Tall al-‘Umayri excavations entered Archaeological Society resumed excavations at Kokkinokremos in the their 18th season during the summer of 2016. An extremely well- fall of 2014. Centered on the western, central/northern, and southern preserved Bronze and Iron Age site, ‘Umayri has produced important sectors of the plateau, these renewed investigations have shed new finds from the EB IB (dolmen containing 25–28 individuals), EB III– light on the settlement’s spatial organization and material culture, IV (large unfortified settlement), MB IIC (massive defense system), LB demonstrating the existence of a continuous perimeter wall and IIB (unique temple complex), Iron I (domestic neighborhood), Late the presence of constructions in all sectors of the plateau. Although Iron II (administrative center and domestic sectors), and Hellenistic evidence for metal-working and weaving activities in the northern (agricultural complex). sector of Kokkinokremos suggests a degree of functional specialization Given pressing ongoing issues surrounding private land ownership within the settlement, the widespread character of imported goods of the site, the project faces the possibility of complete closure to future and locally made products highlights the integration of foreign research at this promising archaeological settlement. Thus, objectives elements into local traditions. The discovery of a number of rock-cut for 2016 were urgent and several in number. shafts of various shapes and sizes in all excavated areas indicates that Chronologically organized, objectives include exploration of these structures may have functioned as cisterns or storage facilities the area around the Early Bronze dolmen for evidence of additional and poses, once again, the question of subsistence and landscape burials. The Middle Bronze–Late Bronze transition demands further exploitation in this waterless citadel. investigation in the area of the Late Bronze temple, as do stratigraphic connections among structures from across the Iron I period. So 5G. Archaeology of Jordan I does the southern fortification system, which appears, at this stage, to mirror reasonably closely the already exposed western defenses. CHAIR: Jesse C. Long Jr. (Lubbock Christian University), Presiding The Iron II period continues to pose several questions leading to (1) examining the stratigraphic relationship between structures along the Carroll Kobs (Trinity Southwest University), Gary Byers (Trinity southern escarpment and the southern perimeter wall; (2) completion Southwest University), and Steven Collins (Trinity Southwest of digital mapping of Late Iron II Site 84, an expansive agricultural University), “Early Bronze Age Domestic Structures in Field LA, Tall complex to the south of the tell; and (3) further exploration of Iron el-Hammam, Jordan” II remains (defensive, domestic, public) for evidence of occupation This paper will address the EB III domestic structures and features under Ammonite control, as part of a larger funded collaborative in Area L, Field A (=Field LA; lower city) at Tall el-Hammam, Jordan. project: On the Trail of Ancient Ammonites and Moabites. Excavation began in Field LA during season four (2009) and continued systematically thru the end of season ten (2015). Interpretation is (Rev.) Amanda Hopkins (Madaba Plains Project) and David Hopkins based on the overall architectural layout of the houses in this sector (Madaba Plains Project), “Viticulture on the Rocks: An Investigation of the tall, with evidence of phase separations, coordinated with of Wine Production and Distribution at Site 84” associated ceramics. The presentation also includes the most recent Site 84 is a hinterland site fourteen kilometers south of Amman. architectural drawings and photographs exhibiting the continuity of In 1994, excavation began at Site 84 as part of the Madaba Plains wall placements and a “ring-road” carrying over into the Intermediate Project’s exploration of the rural zone surrounding Tall-al- ‘Umayri. Bronze Age (EB IV). The configuration of this domestic area provides The site’s most prominent architecture consists of a 10 x 10 m insights into Early Bronze Age settlement planning and its relationship rectilinear structure dating from the Late Iron II/Early Persian period to the subsequent Intermediate Bronze Age phase(s). (seventh–sixth century B.C.E.). The surviving foundation, constructed of megalithic boulders, sits atop a hill that slopes gently to the Gary Byers (Trinity Southwest University), Carroll Kobs (Trinity northeast. Surrounding this building are apparent food-production Southwest University), and Steven Collins (Trinity Southwest installations: cisterns, cup holes, basins, pressing surfaces, channels, University), “Intermediate Bronze Age (EB IV) Domestic Structures and reservoirs. The excavation produced an abundant sample of in Field LA, Tall el-Hammam, Jordan” “rural” material culture: seals, beads, grinding tools, whetstones, and This paper will address the Intermediate Bronze Age (EB IV) reconstructable ceramics, notably large pithoi. Excavation and survey domestic structures and features in Area L, Field A (=Field LA; lower results offer parallel sets of data suggesting the function of Site 84 as an city) at Tall el-Hammam, Jordan. Excavation began in Field LA during administrative center. season four (2009) and continued systematically thru the end of season This paper investigates the interrelationship of the rectilinear ten (2015). Interpretation is based on the overall architectural layout of building to the cluster of rock-cut features surrounding it. GIS mapping the houses in this sector of the tall, with evidence of phase separations, examines the positioning of these features and how they constitute a coordinated with associated ceramics. The presentation also includes single entity used for wine production. The material cultural remains the most recent architectural drawings and photographs exhibiting the found within the rectilinear building, including several faience beads continuity of wall placements and a “ring-road” carrying over from and three seals, suggest the social and political importance of both the EB III. The configuration of this domestic area provides insights into rectilinear building and the overall farmstead. Intermediate Bronze Age settlement planning and its relationship to The relationship between the rectilinear building and the rock- the previous EB III phase(s). cut features raises questions about how the rural landscape was

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peopled. This paper will attempt to answer these questions and further 5H. Senses and Sensibility in the Near East I examine archaeology’s ability to articulate both the environmental and nonenvironmental parameters of life. CHAIR: Kiersten Neumann (Oriental Institute, University of Chicago), Presiding Mark Green (Indiana State University) and Gerald Mattingly (Johnson University), “By the Sweat of Your Brow: Quarrying, Elke Friedrich (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “A Semantic Dressing, and Transporting Stone on Central Jordan’s Karak Plateau” Examination of Akkadian Verbs of Perception” Between 1995 and 2014, Karak Resources Project (KRP) Anyone dealing with the fields of senses and sensory perception completed seven seasons of multidisciplinary fieldwork in central from antiquity until modern times will immediately realize that a Jordan. This research team collected data concerning the acquisition hierarchic ranking of senses appears to be the most convenient way and use of natural resources by working on three fronts: (1) excavation to provide an overview of the psychology of perception. This paper at the Iron Age II fort of Khirbat al-Mudaybic (KaM); (2) regional constitutes a chapter of my Ph.D. thesis and seeks to study and to archaeological survey; and (3) regional scientific studies. The Karak present the ancient Near Eastern hierarchy of senses or sensory Project’s agenda includes the study of water resources, flora and fauna, order and the ranking of senses such as smell, sight, sound, taste, soils, and surface geology. KRP is, in several ways, a continuation and touch based on the semantic examination of Akkadian verbs of the 1978–1983 Miller-Pinkerton Survey of the Karak Plateau. of sensual perception. The examined verbs, which date from 1900– Together the two projects have documented 600 archaeological 1000 B.C.E., are mainly taken from epistolary texts, because the use sites; the more recent project recorded most of its new sites in this of everyday language in communication only survived in this form territory’s southeastern quadrant. KRP has excavated for six seasons to some noteworthy degree. However, in addition to the epistolary at KaM, located ca. 21 km southeast of Karak. Because of its strategic texts, other literary sources will be considered as well. My analysis location and architectural features, KaM (which measures 83.5 m first provides a definition of “verbs of perception” and consequently, N-S X 88.75 m E-W) has attracted the attention of many scholars sets forth to list the Akkadian verbs of single sense modalities. A who have traveled through this area. The purpose of this paper is to comprehensive examination and initial semantic study of these verbs combine KRP’s interests in (1) the plateau’s diverse archaeological will follow, which will produce a division of those verbs according sites, especially KaM, and (2) the exploitation of natural resources. The to their respective activity, experience, and copulative components. Karak region contains many sources of basalt, limestone, and chert. Then, I will scrutinize the semantic extensions in reference to other We will present the direct evidence for tools and techniques used to sense modalities, e.g., the case of the word šemû, which may extend quarry, dress, and transport building materials for the construction its meaning to the sensory field of sight. I will also examine Akkadian of Mudaybic and neighboring sites. Textual and artistic sources from adjectives that refer to any primary sensory experience. I will then ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia provide additional insights into these conclude my findings by means of a generalization on semantic change labor-intensive activities. in Akkadian synaesthetic adjectives.

Craig Tyson (D’Youville College), “Central Jordan in the Ninth– Shiyanthi Thavapalan (Yale University), “Colorful Persuasion: Eighth Centuries B.C.E.: Emerging Polities in Competition” Evoking Luxury in Ancient Mesopotamia” The Iron IIB (ca. ninth and eighth centuries B.C.E.) saw the Color was fascinating to the ancient Mesopotamians. They emergence of tribally oriented polities in central Jordan in ways that consciously procured polychrome gemstones, pigments, and dyes, are archaeologically and epigraphically visible. The small polities that often from distant lands and at great cost, in order to beautify emerged in this marginal space would eventually (perhaps inevitably) themselves and enliven their surroundings. The sensory experience of come into conflict with one another. Aspects of such conflicts can color took on new dimensions in the late Bronze Age, as developments be seen in the Hebrew Bible and in the ninth century B.C.E. Mesha in certain technologies for color production facilitated the manufacture Inscription. A more recent addition to our knowledge of the eighth of inexpensive alternatives for traditional colorful materials. Near century B.C.E. comes from the remnants of a nonprovenanced Eastern craftsmen learned how to emulate the visual qualities— octagonal basalt column with seven partial lines of text most likely from glossiness, light-reflectivity, and hue—of rare minerals through glass, Moab. The item is on loan to the Israel Museum from what appears to a substance that could be fabricated in large quantities using locally be a private collection in New York (Ahituv 2003: 9 n. 1; Accession available products. At the same time, advances in glazing, painting, number: 2002.92/1). What is left of the inscription mentions building and dying allowed new types of colorful media to become more widely projects completed using the labor of prisoners, including Ammonite available. This explosion of color in the art, architecture, and fashion prisoners. While the fragmentary nature of the text means that the of the Bronze Age Near East is well documented in the archaeological history behind it cannot be reconstructed with confidence, the brief record. My paper will argue that the written sources mirror this mention of Ammonite prisoners provides a glimpse into what must tendency to use color to evoke precious materials. In Akkadian, the have been ongoing conflicts between the two fledgling polities. After language of color transforms the ordinary and the familiar into an a brief introduction to the text, this paper analyzes the sociopolitical experience of exotic luxury. and economic dynamics of the ninth and eighth centuries B.C.E. Allison Thomason (Southern Illinois University Edwardsville), “The in central Jordan in order to understand clearly the reasons for the Sensory Experience and Biopolitics of Royal Banquets in Assyria” conflict between these small emerging polities just prior to Assyrian Recently, there has been a spate of research about feasting and hegemony. banqueting in the ancient Near East. Often, these studies take the

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approach of political economy, exploring the way that beverages, paper aims to explore to what extent these early synagogue buildings’ foods, and the utensils of commensal banquets take part in the material dimension and related sensory aspects shaped the practices negotiation of wealth and status. This topic, however, is “ripe” for an and experiences of ordinary Jews at street level. In order to achieve this exploration of the sensory experiences of its participants. For the Neo- aim, we will examine how these buildings were integrated within the Assyrian culture, the abundant textual and pictorial information along larger settlement, how accessible they were from the outside, and how with archaeological finds from elite spaces allows an in-depth analysis visible their interior would have been. In addition, to further assess the of how the elite sponsors of banquets attempted to affect the sensory social integration and visual perception of these spaces, we will also experiences of the guests through manipulation of material goods of seek to model daylight condition within these synagogues. both a perishable and nonperishable nature. In this paper, I interrogate Yannis Hamilakis’ concept of biopolitics and sensorial flow to explore 6A. Object Biography for Archaeologists III: A Multivocal Narrative how royally sponsored and provisioned banquets in the Neo-Assyrian (Workshop) period not only displayed status and wealth, but also played a role in the court’s desire to control bodily experience and produce commensal CHAIRS: Nancy Serwint (Arizona State University) and Rick Hauser memories for their banquet guests. (IIMAS - International Institute for Mesopotamian Area Studies; Visiting Research Fellow, Department of Asian Languages and Anne-Caroline Rendu Loisel (University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Literatures, University of Minnesota), Presiding University of Strasbourg), “Meeting the Divine in Rituals: Substances, Material, and Multisensory Experiences in Cuneiform Texts” Sarah Kielt Costello (University of Houston–Clear Lake), “Object Theorized by Artistotle, the five-senses model of modern Western Biography: Materiality” societies may not always be applicaple to other cultures, especially those Object: II. Specialty: Archaeology/Public Humanities. of the ancient Near East. In human experience, senses usually merge As an archaeologist working in an art history program, I move and interact with each other. Inviting modern scholars to cast aside among archaeological methodologies, anthropological theory, and their own bearings regarding perception, a multisensory approach an increasing emphasis on the “visuality” of ancient objects. I have is fruitful and crucial for understanding the significance of cultural added the specialty of “public humanities” to my identification here concepts related to the senses in a community, as the anthropologist to acknowledge that I am increasingly concerned with the interface Joël Candau (2011) has shown. In the cuneiform sources, the efficiency between our academic work and the public. The stories we tell about of the ritual procedure depends on the right manipulation of different the objects we find are, in many instances, the only form of biography objects. With the sensory phenomena they produce, a new atmosphere those objects have in our time. My object biography, therefore, while is created. The place is neither human, nor divine. It is a liminal space focused on the past life of the object, is aimed at interrogating the ways where two realms of different natures meet, communicate, and interact in which institutions mediate between modern audiences and ancient with each other. The ritual scene is then full of sensations: the sounds artifacts. I use traditional archaeological methodology along with an of musical instruments, the sweet-smelling fragrance of cedar doors interpretive theoretical framework that focuses on the materiality of at the entrance of the temple, the shiny colors of precious stones, the the object. Materiality gives an object agency, but it is also the quality brightness of metal objects… The human and the divine bodies are of the object that persists across time, and therefore provides a point of fully solicited, acting on each other thanks to the sensory phenomena. connection to a modern audience. Focusing on ritual texts of the first millennium B.C.E., this paper Massimiliano Pinarello (University College London), “The Perpetual will investigate the role played by substances and materials in various Platypus” ritual procedures. Activating more than one single sense, the ritual Object: IV. The methodology I propose relies on two notions: objects and their sensory properties come together to contribute to a Umberto Eco’s paradox of the platypus (1997) and Awam Amkpa’s multisensory experience. intuition about the state of perpetual becoming (2010). In the search Rick Bonnie (University of Helsinki), “How Would Jews have for meaning of an archaeological object, we need to ask how we Experienced the Early Synagogues?” categorize objects through engaging our modern social reality in Over the last couple of decades, a little over a handful of synagogue place of that which pertained in the ancient world. In the process of buildings dating to the first century B.C.E. and C.E. have been exposed categorization, we can adopt the paradox of the platypus: we may see in the region of modern Israel (e.g.. Masada, Gamla, Magdala). it as made of other animal parts, or other animals made of platypus Scholars focusing on early synagogue buildings have tended to view parts. My recent work on the implements of writing practice in ancient the material world as a coloring picture; archaeology is the picture, Egypt questions the reliability of our perception of past identity and while textual traditions (e.g., Josephus, Philo, NT) provide the colors how that was defined by its original actors. Literacy in itself is not a symbolizing the community’s functioning. This metaphor suggests consistent identity marker. Also, we need to consider another property that people’s lived practices and experiences are detached from the of the archaeological object: its innate ability to be repurposed, hence actual material world—something that somehow already existed in its its constant regenerative life, its perpetual becoming. Unidirectional absence. However, as argued from the recent “material-turn” within object-biography gains only one of many sides of the object’s life. In the social sciences, these building’s particular layout, access routes, and discussing Object IV, I propose to suspend a direct association of decoration played an active role in shaping the senses, perceptions, it with a confined material culture in order to return instead to the and actions of a community. Building upon this line of argument, this object’s cultural materiality. The identification of the object with a

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specific “type/class,” i.e. a structure, risks eclipsing multiple sides of will simulate a museological interpretation of Object IV, considering the historical narrative attached to the object and only imperfectly the implications that its physical and contextual attributes may have determined by its observers. Analysis of visible manufacturing marks on display and publication strategies. My aim is to demonstrate the combined with semantic examination will offer a perspective different importance of the object biography as a technique of analysis when from a traditional approach. constructing and evaluating museum narratives.

Emily Miller Bonney (California State University-Fullerton), Erin Averett (Creighton University), “The ‘Authentic’ and the Digital: “Hiding Small Animals from View” 3D Imaging Technologies and Object Biography” Objects II and III demonstrate how cultures create energetic This paper will explore a ceramic anthropomorphic vessel in the renderings of animals for deposition and not display. Object III form of a nude female figure (ca. 12th–11th century B.C.E.) allegedly depicts the fore part of a small bronze lion, posed as though reading from the site of Marlik, currently housed in the Cleveland Museum of a newspaper, with a tapered base suggesting he was a foundation peg. Art, through the lens of object biography. Given the lack of contextual Momentarily distracted he looks up from his reading, head turned and information, a traditional object biography exploring the ancient uses mouth open but paws still planted on the document with its upturned of this object is not possible. Instead, this paper will focus on how new corner. Is he reading something related to the building under which technologies can provide dynamic ways of looking at the afterlives he came to rest? How much of the inscription is still intact, and what of artifacts. While scientific technologies for such an object might does it say? Was he deposited because they couldn’t find a real lion focus on establishing authenticity given the prevalence of modern to subdue with their construction? He evokes the wild beasts of the forgeries imitating terracotta sculpture from this region, recent Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Near East and perhaps his ferocity applications of 3D scanning and printing offer new ways of interacting served as a proxy for the real thing. Object II, the other quadruped with antiquities. 3D imaging has shifted the conversation from such (?) mystifies. The ear (?) behind the enormous eye suggests a dog as traditional concerns to issues of authenticity in the digital realm. For does the proportion of the girth of the body to the forelegs. But why example, a portable 3D image of a Marlik terracotta is manifestly fake such a tiny canine (or any other animal) in what appears to be marble? when compared to the real object, but at the same time potentially Where was it found and what company was it keeping? Surely there more useful and productive for scholarly inquiry and dissemination. were other objects but what? Like the clay animals from Bronze Age Such technologies create new value for the inauthentic and portable, Crete the style tells us little of time or place. Yet someone was moved and thus extend the life histories of the “original” artifacts, bringing to work a hard stone to create this little critter and produced an image them digitally and tangibly into the 21st century. of alert vitality - mouth open slightly and in a seemingly erect posture. Naturalism mattered. William Caraher (University of North Dakota), “Excavating in the 21st Century: A Fictional Biography Mediated by Technology” Brent Davis (University of Melbourne), “A Temple Foundation Peg” The object under consideration for this workshop is of less In this short workshop presentation, I will discuss Object III, a inherent interest to me than the technological processes necessary for bronze foundation peg for a Hurrian temple. My area of specialty is it to enter the archaeological context; as a result, I will focus on the the archaeology of ritual. My approach to the biography of this object dense network relationships that led to this object’s inventio. Because will be based on its archaeological context, though that context is of the remote, unstable, and still confidential location of the object’s imperfectly known. The presentation will end with a discussion of the penultimate deposition, it was uncovered using remote, automated additional contextual information that would be necessary for creating excavation equipment. The primary tool was the Mini-Rathje Remote a more secure biography of this object. Excavator™ running a prototype of Binford™ 2.0 software. This device provides continuous, near-nanostratigraphic, excavation and on-site, Annelies Van de Ven (University of Melbourne), “The Role of Object real-time, multispectral and XRF recording of both natural clast and Biographies in Museology” cultural artifacts as well as conventional high-resolution photography The biographies of objects are essential to constructing narratives and submicrometer 3D laser scanning. Data from the excavator was in museums. They determine the parameters of possible display uploaded to a private, geostationary satellite positioned both to ensure strategies, and contribute to the structure and content of interactions continuous communication with the remote excavator and to provide between the viewer and the exhibition. However, museums also subnanometer geospatial accuracy. When sensitive contexts were contribute to writing object biographies themselves. The process of encountered, we cooperated with the USAF 183rd Archaeological museological interpretation—the categorization, conservation and Drone Wing from Grand Forks Air Force Base. Pilots stationed in curation of the object within a collection—can add to or alter what is secure locations around the world deployed Global Tourist Class known about the object’s life story. The statue I have chosen (Object IV) drones which enabled us to collect real-time aerial photographs and is interesting because it was discovered in its secondary use in a paved LiDAR imaging. A proprietary suite of software on our CenterTel floor. For a museum professional this provides a challenge. Besides PowerScreen II™ tablets allowed our data collectors to communicate in choosing what physical characteristics of the object to communicate real time with our remote base on a repurposed Russian Ekranoplan. and in what form (labels, catalogues, digital media), you now also have Most of the technologies deployed during the excavation remains two archaeological contexts to consider, the unknown primary context proprietary, but we feel that our project offers a model of remote, that must be deduced from physical features and comparison, as well digital analytic excavation for the 21st century. as the secondary known and recorded context. In this workshop I

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Morag Kersel (DePaul University) “Context Matters: Objects, first millennium C.E. and should be considered part of the uniquely Materiality, and Law” large, predominately basalt, ground stone artifact assemblage As an anthropological archaeologist and someone who thinks excavated at Jezreel to date. The longevity of the use of this space as about materiality and law, I will focus my contribution to the Object an agricultural processing area, along with the size and diversity of the Biography Workshop III on what we know and what we don’t Jezreel ground stone assemblage, illustrates the association of Jezreel know when all we have is the object or a picture of the object. I will and the valley named after it with agricultural plenty from antiquity demonstrate that context matters in creating object biographies. to the present day.

6B. The Archaeology of Feasting and Foodways Elizabeth Arnold (Grand Valley State University), “Animal Production Over-Consumption? How Stable Isotopes of Animal CHAIRS: Margaret Cohen (W. F. Albright Institute for Archaeological Remains can Address These Questions” Research), Deirdre Fulton (Baylor University) and Elizabeth Arnold Stable isotope analyses are well established as a means to determine (Grand Valley State University), Presiding the diet of animals, reconstruct environments, and examine the herd management strategies for domestic animals, as well as the mobility, Tate Paulette (Brown University) and Michael Fisher (University trade, and exchange of animals both within a local economic system of Chicago), “Where the Beer Flowed Like Wine: Brewing and and regionally. In this paper, consideration is given to the question of Intoxication in Bronze Age Mesopotamia” how these techniques can be utilized to identify animal production In Bronze Age Mesopotamia, beer was produced on a massive strategies that may indicate specialized conditions of husbandry and/ scale and was consumed on a daily basis by people across the socio- or care for animals destined from birth for special consumption in economic spectrum. Cuneiform documents provide ample testimony feasts or sacrifices. Feasting is often identified through unique contexts to its political, economic, and cultural importance. Beer was a gift from of consumption and/or distinctive pottery and disposal of remains. the gods, a marker of civilization, a dietary staple, a social lubricant, Can animals raised specifically for feasting consumption be identified a ritual necessity, and a reason for celebration. Why, then, has beer through stable isotope analysis? Data from the archaeological site of left such faint traces in the archaeological record? And how does this Tel Dan, Israel suggests this is possible, as previous isotopic analyses absence skew our understanding of the urban experience and the (Arnold et al. 2015) highlight that while all sheep and goat were raised textures of daily life in ancient Mesopotamia? locally, individuals from the temple/cultic area were raised in the In this paper, we attack this problem of archaeological invisibility immediate area alone. This may suggest that those sold for sacrifice from two angles. First, we discuss the difficulty of identifying were only permitted to be raised in a designated area close to the archaeological evidence for the production and consumption of beer, temple itself. This question will be further explored with data from and we describe some of our own efforts to make progress in this other urban contexts in the Levant. direction. Second, we draw attention to a more challenging issue: the archaeological invisibility of intoxication; that is, the invisibility of Tina Greenfield (University of Manitoba) and Chris McKinny alcohol and its effects. For the Mesopotamians, as much as for us, what (University of Manitoba), “Late Bronze Age Feasting in Canaan: A gave beer its distinctive power and appeal was its psychoactive nature. View from Tel Burna” If we ignore or downplay the intoxicated atmosphere that must have A 13th century public building has been exposed at Tel Burna, pervaded many parts of the urban landscape—that is, if we remove the Israel. Although the architectural remains were buried only a few alcohol from Mesopotamian beer—we are perpetuating a censored, centimeters below the surface, a myriad of interesting finds were sanitized version of the past and failing to adequately appreciate a key discovered that illuminate ritual activity at the ancient Canaanite town. cultural touchstone. Among these finds are cultic-oriented objects like goblets, chalices, cup-and-saucers, votive vessels, and ceramic masks. These artifacts led Jennie Ebeling (University of Evansville), “Wine, Beer, and the Daily us to assume that within this building cultic activity was undertaken. Grind at Jezreel” In this paper, we will present our analysis of various finds in association In 2013, a large and well-preserved example of Frankel’s rock-cut with the faunal remains. Preliminary results from the faunal remains simple treading installation featuring a square treading floor connected suggest that feasting activities were part of the ritual ceremonies that to a square vat was excavated by the Jezreel Expedition team next to took place in a Canaanite town during the 13th century B.C.E. the agricultural fields northeast of Tel Jezreel in Israel’s Jezreel Valley. Among other features associated with this winery complex are some Stephanie Brown (University of California, Berkeley), “Eating Like two-dozen bedrock mortars, cupmarks and other use surfaces on the Elites? Domestic Foodways at Busayra” adjacent limestone outcrop. A review of similar winery installations The site of Busayra in southwest Jordan has long been identified in the southern Levant dating from the Chalcolithic through the as the capital of the Iron Age Edomite kingdom. Previous excavations Byzantine period reveals that most have associated bedrock mortars at the site identified an elite building program that included a and cupmarks, yet archaeologists have done little more than speculate monumental temple and palace, both of which exhibit aspects of about their functions in relation to viniculture or other food and drink Assyrian architectural influence. Recent work at the site, carried out production technologies. In this paper, I argue that these features were by the Busayra Cultural Heritage Project (BCHP), has focused much used to process a variety of agricultural products—including cereals, of its attention on the exploration of domestic life at Busayra in an olives and grapes—from as early as the Natufian period through the attempt to understand the daily lives of the city’s inhabitants.

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The proposed paper will examine the foodways evidence David Vila (John Brown University), “Excavating Abila of the associated with two newly excavated domestic structures at Busayra. Decapolis: The 2016 Season” As an essential cultural element often associated with the household, The 2016 season of excavation at Abila of the Decapolis will mark foodways can inform scholars of the daily choices made by individuals thirty six years of discoveries that have yielded important information within the private sphere. Furthermore, foodways-centered research about the place of Abila in the broader historical and archaeological can be used to explore the ways in which social practice involving contexts of northern Jordan. In addition to the excavated materials the production and consumption of food can be used to establish from the Bronze and Iron ages, the significant Byzantine and Early and strengthen social boundaries that exist between individuals of Islamic materials demonstrate that Abila was an important cultural different social strata, genders, or ethnic groups. The foodways analysis center from early in recorded history up through the middle of the discussed in this paper will focus on three types of archaeological 10th century C.E. and beyond. In this paper I will present an overview evidence—paleoethnobotanical, ceramic, and faunal evidence— of the findings of our 2016 season of excavation. Work during the excavated from the domestic structures at Busayra. The paper will use summer of 2016 will focus on the continued excavation of two of our these data in order to understand the social activities and status of the Byzantine churches (Area E and Area G) and Area B, which has been individuals living within the domestic structures at Edom’s capital city. closed since 2000. In particular, several Arabic inscriptions found during the 2014 season in Area E – one of which mentions a Christian 6C. Reports on Current Excavations—Non-ASOR Affiliated monastery, have led us to re-open our Area B “Early Islamic Period Monastic Complex” in 2016 to see if there is a co-relation between CHAIR: Robert Homsher (W. F. Albright Institute for Archaeological the Arabic Christian inscription and the proposed monastic complex. Research), Presiding Work will continue also in Area E recognizing that structures on the north side of this building may also have served monastic purposes. Robert Homsher (W. F. Albright Institute for Archaeological Research), Matthew Adams (W. F. Albright Institute for Archaeo- Alexandra Ratzlaff (University of Haifa) and Ofra Barkai (University logical Research ), and Yotam Tepper (University of Haifa), “A of Haifa), “A New Byzantine Basilica at Tel ‘Afar, Israel” Preliminary Report on the First Two Seasons of Regional Survey Located approximately 6 km south of Caesarea atop a kurkar hill, Conducted by the Jezreel Valley Regional Project” Tel ‘Afar lies above a small bay. Previous excavations at Tel ‘Afar revealed The Jezreel Valley Regional Project endeavors to study the history a monumental building at the crest of the hill with mosaic floors, of human activity in the Jezreel Valley during all archaeological periods columns, and column bases, as well as other architectural elements by integrating multi-disciplinary approaches toward excavation and and pottery dating from the fifth to early seventh century C.E. Based survey throughout the valley. Connecting major geographic zones, the on these remains, initial interpretation of the building has focused on Jezreel Valley has always been a landscape of critical importance for its function as a wealthy house or seaside villa. This paper will present societies in the region, and consequently contains a rich archaeological new findings regarding the identification of the monumental remains record. Although many parts of the valley have been surveyed or at the site, and a new interpretation of the building as a Byzantine excavated during preceding decades, there remain many gaps and basilica. In support of the new interpretation we will discuss the richly problems in our understanding of the human and natural landscape decorated building, including columns adorned with carved crosses over time. Using a host of remote sensing tools, paleoenvironmental and the architectural plan, which offers the best indication that this study, and innovative data management, this project embraces was in fact a basilica. Following a typical Byzantine plan, the Tel ‘Afar methodological problem-solving as it develops a long-term strategy basilica’s architectural design closely parallels that of the basilicas at for documenting the Jezreel Valley. This paper summarizes the results Dor, Gerasa, Kursi, and even the earliest phase of St. Peter’s basilica of the first two seasons of physical survey (2015-2016), particularly in Rome. Through the reevaluation of the basilica complex we aim to highlighting the challenges, solutions, and long-term goals of the better understand the relationship between such coastal ecclesiastical project. sites and the regional economy as well as to learn how the basilica connected to the ancient seaside and inland road networks. Daniel Warner (New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary), “Is it Just Water? 6 Seasons of Excavations at Tel Gezer Water System” Nicholaus Pumphrey (Baker University), “Tel Akko Total This report is an update on the excavations of the Tel Gezer Water Archaeology Project: Seven Seasons of Excavation and Survey” System after 6 seasons of digging. Additional new materials have been Situated on Israel’s most important natural Mediterranean surfacing to assist in the dating of the water system from the supposed harbor, Tel Akko has been a significant maritime site throughout its “water pool” but also, the team has expanded the excavations to include history. First settled during the Early Bronze Age, the tell served as a new areas on the surface. It is believed there is a connection between major urban industrial center until the receding coastline forced the the massive Canaanite gate and the water system, therefore, the areas then Hellenistic city to move westward. Buried below Akko’s “old” and between the Canaanite gate and the water system (to the North) have “new” cities, the Hellenistic settlement served as the foundations for been opened, as well as, the area between the Canaanite Gate and the the Crusader and Ottoman settlements, which today are recognized massive stone tower (to the West). None of the previous excavations as a UNESCO World Heritage site. The Tel Akko Total Archaeology have opened these areas to settle once for all their relationship to the Project offers a multi-dimensional approach to archaeological water system. These excavations should have a significant impact, we methods of the 21st century, which includes excavation, archaeological trust, on the function of this massive “water system.” survey, an extensive conservation plan, archaeological sciences, a

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community outreach program, and the incorporation of the largely conclusions proposed and presented by William G. Dever in Beyond unpublished finds of M. Dothan’s earlier excavations of Area A/AB/B. the Texst: An Archaeological Portrait of Ancient Israel and Judah This paper will present the preliminary results of the seven seasons of excavation and survey at Tel Akko and the Akko Plain, with a 6E. Archaeology of the Southern Levant focus on: 1) the large-scale Phoenician iron working industrial area of the 7th-5th centuries B.C.E.; 2) our community outreach program CHAIR: George A. Pierce (Brigham Young University), Presiding to Akko’s diverse populations; 3) the application of cutting edge new Casey Sharp (University of Haifa) and Michal Artzy (University technologies including 3D photogrammetry, GIS and LiDAR; and of Haifa), “In the Shadow of Tel Nami: A Newly Examined Middle 4) the results from the project’s pit-testing survey on the tell and the Bronze IIA Settlement on the Carmel Coast” exploration of its hinterland in the Akko Plain. This paper presents a previously unexamined late 19th to early 18th century MB IIA settlement located approximately 700 m 6D. Archaeology and Biblical Studies II southeast of Tel Nami on the Carmel coast of Israel. The site has been Critical Reviews of Beyond the Texts: An Archaeological Portrait of all but destroyed by modern agricultural activity as well as quarrying, Ancient Israel and Judah by William G. Dever but a large amount of ceramics and small finds were salvaged during the 1985–1986 survey of Tel Nami’s hinterland, as well as subsequent CHAIR: Jonathan Rosenbaum (Gratz College), Presiding geoarchaeological research of the area. Following Y. Salmons’s GPR study, it became clear that very little of the site remains, and the Ziony Zevit (American Jewish University), “Dever, Deduction, and current study functionally amounts to a salvage project for an MB IIA the Invention of New Knowledge” site as much as an archaeological survey. The geomorphology of the This review will discuss “deduction” in general and illustrate how area is also presented and reveals how the sandstone Kurkar ridges in it is the analytical method preferred by Dever for reaching conclusions this area of the coast governed the dynamic relationship between Tel in his book. It will also evaluate what Dever considers the realistic, but Nami and its hinterland. Comparable ceramic chronology is derived ultimately limited types of conclusions that the archaeology of things from Aphek-Antipatris, Megiddo, Kabri, Tel Ifshar, Tel Nami itself, can provide historians hoping to write a general, broad-based history and other MB IIA coastal sites of the southern Levant. The assemblage of ancient Israel. includes well-produced local wares as well as imports from coastal Lebanon, Syria, and Cyprus. Finds suggest a small agro-industrial Susan Ackerman (Dartmouth College), “Some Thoughts on W. G. site, which benefitted from the far-reaching trade connections of the Dever’s Beyond the Texts: An Archaeological Portrait of Ancient anchorage at Tel Nami. Petrographic analysis provides additional Israel and Judah” confirmation of local manufacture as well as imports, which include This paper is part of a session responding to W. G. Dever’s Beyond Levantine Painted Ware, Tell el-Yahudiyeh Ware, and an abundance the Texts: An Archaeological Portrait of Ancient Israel and Judah and of Red Slip Burnished Wares. Late Bronze ceramics were virtually will comment on the book from the perspective of biblical studies and nonexistent at the site as well as the coastal survey, which is interesting the study of ancient Israelite religion. considering the heavy LB IIB/III presence at Tel Nami. Ann E. Killebrew (The Pennsylvania State University), “A History of Itzhaq Shai (Ariel University), Chris McKinny (Bar-Ilan University), Ancient Israel and Judah without Texts: A Critique” Matthew Spigelman (Independent Scholar), Avshalom Karasik Beyond the Texts: An Archaeological Portrait of Ancient Israel and (Israel Antiquities Authority), David Ben-Shlomo (Ariel University), Judah is an ambitious endeavor by William G. Dever to compose a Dvory Namdar (Hebrew University of Jerusalem), and Joe Uziel history of biblical Israel and Judah centered on the archaeological (Israel Antiquities Authority), “Two Cypriot Pithoi from Late record. This magnum opus represents the culmination of over a Bronze Age Tel Burna” half-century of the author’s research, fieldwork, public outreach and Excavations and surveys conducted at the site of Tel Burna have mentorship of a generation of scholars and archaeologists. Building on provided significant data on the Late Bronze Age settlement at the site, the premise that objects are truer, or more authentic, than texts, what one of the most significant periods of human activity noted to date. distinguishes this book from other histories of ancient Israel and Judah The major feature discovered thus far from the Late Bronze Age is a is its reliance on archaeology as the starting point and main source large public building where cultic practices were undertaken. Within of primary evidence. In this tribute to Bill Dever and review of his this building, two large pithoi were discovered, which were analyzed “Beyond the Texts,” I critique the book’s main premise that it is possible and found to have been produced in Cyprus. Various analyses were to write a history of Iron Age Israel and Judah based on material conducted (petrography, 3D scanning, NAA, residue analysis) on the culture. I also address the author’s attempts to utilize archaeology pithoi, in order to understand the reasons behind their arrival at Tel as a tool to evaluate and detangle the multiple layers of the biblical Burna and this specific building in particular. This paper will present narrative. the results of the various analyses conducted, as well as ponder on Lawrence Stager (Harvard University), “Archaeology and Biblical their role in Late Bronze Age Mediterranean sea trade and the path History: A Critique of ‘Beyond the Texts’” and reasons that led them to the inland site of Tel Burna. Utilizing the literature of both biblical studies and archaeology, this paper will examine and test the methodology, applications, and

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Phillip Silvia (Trinity Southwest University), “When Data Defy were cut around 1850 and are likely from the Anatolian Black Sea coast. Demagogy: What We Have Learned from Tall el-Hammam and Its The ship’s late 19th century construction gives evidence of continued Neighbors” maritime activity in Akko after the town’s 1840 bombardment, a Pioneers of any great enterprise often take on legendary status period of “decline” traditionally neglected in historical narratives. as the authoritative experts of their field. Such a status is certainly The dendroprovenancing results provide further evidence of the warranted at the beginning stages of said enterprise when their importance of the Anatolian forests as a source of timber for buildings initial research, analyses, and conclusions constitute the only body in, and ships traveling to, Levantine ports in the Ottoman Period. of available information. Over time, the positions proffered by these pioneers become the accepted and traditional points of view that 6F. Yerushalayim, Al Quds, Jerusalem: Recent Developments and are unquestioningly repeated by succeeding generations. Tradition Dilemmas in the Archaeological and Historical Studies from the eventually morphs into demagogy, and anyone who questions the Bronze Age to Medieval Periods I status quo is labeled a heretic and accused of sullying the reputation of the “greats.” When new information comes to light, however, what CHAIR: Yuval Gadot (Tel Aviv University), Presiding should we do with data that defy demagogy? A case in point is the Doron Ben-Ami (Israel Antiquities Authority) and Yana traditionally accepted view of the occupation history of the Middle Tchekhanovets (Israel Antiquities Authority), “Has the Acra Citadel Ghor versus what we have learned from Tall el-Hammam and its Been Discovered in Jerusalem?” neighbors. Author P. Silvia (TeHEP Field Archaeologist and Director The Israel Antiquities Authority’s archaeological excavation in of Scientific Analysis) presents a summary of his research and the Jerusalem’s Givati Parking Lot has apparently led to solving one of implications driven by the data he has compiled. the holy city’s greatest archaeological mysteries: the location of the Owen Chesnut (Andrews University), “The Hellenistic Period at Tall Greek (Seleucid) Acra. Over the past 100 years numerous theories Safut” have been put forth seeking to identify the location of the Acra, the The site of Tall Safut is located 12 km north of Amman in Jordan. famous citadel built by Antiochus IV in order to subjugate Jerusalem It was excavated over ten seasons between 1982 and 2001. During and monitor activity on the Temple Mount. Uncertainty has stemmed those seasons significant remains from the Bronze and Iron Ages were from the paucity of architectural remains that could be traced to the found. No material from the Hellenistic Period had previously been Greek presence in Jerusalem. identified at the site. This paper will examine the sparse, yet important Moran Hagbi (Israel Antiquities Authority), “The Nature of Roman material remains from the Hellenistic Period. The pottery and its Building Projects: A View from the Western Wall Foundations” context will be examined, as will the numismatic finds. These artifacts Recent excavations within the confines of the Jerusalem will then be placed in their regional context and what they have to say Archaeological Park have exposed the foundation courses of the about occupation at the site will be discussed. southwest corner of the Temple Mount and a constructional support Brita Lorentzen (Cornell University), Deborah Cvikel (University system for the Herodian street. The results of the excavations have of Haifa), Sturt W. Manning (Cornell University), and Yaacov shed light on the extent of construction enterprises undertaken in Kahanov (University of Haifa), “Anatolian Forests on the Sea: Jerusalem during the late Second Temple period. These building Dendrochronological Dating and Timber Sourcing of the Akko projects, which continued well into the first century C.E., influenced Tower Shipwreck” the city’s landscape significantly. The excavations provide important During the 18th–19th centuries, Akko was one of the Levant’s key information regarding the preparation and planning of the area prior commercial ports and site of several naval campaigns as the militarily to the laying of the foundations and first courses of the Western Wall, strategic “Key to the East.” Ottoman-era shipwrecks in Akko’s harbor as well as the paving of the street above. As opposed to the portions affirm its maritime importance and provide physical evidence of of the street exposed further downhill and uphill, the support system maritime activity absent from historical records. Dendrochronology here included chambers filled with layers of earth up to six m thick, is a critical tool for dating the physical evidence from Akko harbor’s in order to overcome the drop into the Tyropoeon Valley and create a shipwrecks on a high-resolution time frame, so that they may be raised street level. These thick layers of fill yielded numerous artifacts synchronized with, and enrich, the site’s rich historical record. that attest to the organization of labor and methods entailed in the Dendrochronological timber sourcing (“dendroprovenancing”) construction of the Second Temple street; the exposure of the Western also grants critical new insights into ship construction and timber Wall foundations provides us with an opportunity to study the building procurement. of the wall itself. We present here the first results of the dendrochronological In an effort to consider how the unique nature and topography of analysis of one Ottoman-era ship from Akko, the Akko Tower the city affected the manner in which the planners approached their shipwreck, which is the first shipwreck from Israel to be successfully project, the building project exposed here will be compared to other dendrochronologically dated and provenanced. The ship’s hull monumental constructions in the Roman world. and finds indicate that it was built under the influence of French construction techniques, and it was proposed that the ship was built in the first half of the 19th century. However, dendrochronological analysis of the ship’s ceiling planks and frames show that these timbers

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Helena Roth (Tel Aviv University) and Dafna Langgut (Tel Aviv 6G. Archaeology of Jordan II: Ritual Practices in Ancient Jordan University), “Jerusalem’s Arboreal Environment and Wood Economy during the Early Roman Period” CHAIR: Debra Foran (Wilfrid Laurier University), Presiding Jerusalem of the first century B.C.E.–first century C.E. was a Abelardo Rivas (Andrews University), “Figurines of Jalul Field G: thriving Roman city with its economic, political, and social core What Is Left of Domestic Religion?” centered around the temple. Numerous excavations and detailed The debate as to the nature of small figurines found in domestic historical accounts allow us to reconstruct the social and economic and cultic contexts has scholars proposing a variety of interpretations dynamics of the city. Yet, very little is known about the environment of these artifacts. The suggestions go from toys to the representation adjacent to the city. Only a few dendroarchaeological studies have of local or foreign deities. This also raises the question of how one been conducted thus far, none of which have focused on the Early understands a “cultic” object found in a domestic setting and how Roman period. It is against this background that the wood economy of one interprets a “domestic” object found in a cultic setting. Tell Jalul the city should be explored: Wood, which was mainly collected from is located on the outskirts of Madaba in Jordan and is part of the the forested areas surrounding the city, was essential not only for fuel, Madaba Plains Project. The site has yielded, during the last 10 years but also for construction and tool making. Pyrotechnical industries, of excavations, a number of figurines from Field G which has been evidently operating from within the city, the eternal flame in the identified as a domestic area. The comparative and systematic analysis temple, and domestic ovens all required a large amount of firewood. of these figurines casts light not only on the debate surrounding these The wealthy private and public constructions revealed a wide array figurines and our understanding of the cultural practices present in of high quality building and tool making wood, some imported from Jalul, but also on the local/foreign influences merging at the site. This other regions. paper aims to do a descriptive, comparative, and functional analysis By analyzing large dendroarchaeological assemblages of charred of these figurines by relating them to others found at Tell Jalul and wood from four excavation areas in the lower city of Jerusalem—a other sites in Transjordan and the southern Levant. An analysis of the constructional fill for a street, the content of a wealthy domestic artistic and cultural features represented in these figurines will allow building, the destruction layer unearthed on top of the stepped the identification of their function. street, and the city’s garbage landfill—we will attempt to evaluate how function, wealth, and symbolism have shaped patterns of wood Chang-Ho Ji (La Sierra University), “The Ataruz Inscription and economy, including sources, usage, and distribution. We will also Iron II Temple at Khirbat Ataruz: New Light on Stratigraphy, evaluate how the finds reflect the immediate environment surrounding Chronology, and Cultic Activities” the city and its exploitation during this period. This paper will discuss the stratigraphy and chronology of the Ataruz inscription. In recent excavations carried out at Ataruz in Ilana Peters (Bar-Ilan University) and Ehud Weiss (Bar-Ilan central Jordan, the stratigraphic relations between the area where University), “Food Remains from Jerusalem During the Second the inscription was excavated (Field E) and the early Iron II temple Temple and Its Destruction” on the acropolis (Field A) were examined. After examining the Recent excavations in Areas S and D3 in the City of David have stratigraphic and ceramic details, this paper points out that in the uncovered thousands of plant remains. Excavations in Area S date early–mid ninth century B.C.E. the architecture in Field E was first to 70 C.E., the destruction of the Second Temple, and the Area D3 built as part of the early Iron II temple’s outer courtyard. The area was assemblage, which is from a garbage dump, is dated to the Early rebuilt and redesigned as a sanctuary with a stepped altar after the Roman period just prior to the destruction. Both assemblages shed early Iron II temple and its inner courtyard were destroyed. Two stone light on the food habits and natural environment in Jerusalem. columns/incense burners, one of which was inscribed, stood inside The Area S assemblage, found above an Early Roman street, is this sanctuary building dated to the late ninth–early eighth century rich in both variety and quantity. This assemblage has started to B.C.E. Its ceramic and cultic evidence are reminiscent of the Moabite elucidate the diet of the city’s inhabitants, and includes ancient as sanctuary at Khirbat al-Mudayna. A fireplace inside the sanctuary, well as present-day food items: cereals, legumes, fruits, and oil plants. along with several fire pits around the site, indicates the importance Interestingly, almost no chaff remains were found, which indicates that of fires to the mid-Iron II cultic activities at Ataruz. In the mid–late the high-level end product of food was used in the city. In addition, eighth century B.C.E., the sanctuary was sealed off with walls, and the various wild plants are visible, which gives us a good view of the origin cultic function of Khirbat Ataruz came to an end. of the food plants. The Area D3 assemblage is also rich in variety, and cereals, Annlee Dolan (San Joaquin Delta College) and Debra Foran (Wilfrid legumes, and fruits are present. It also contains a large amount of wild Laurier University), “The 2016 Excavations at the Ancient Town of plants, which affords us an in-depth look at the seasons during which Nebo (Khirbat al-Mukhayyat, Jordan)” the garbage dump was in use. The high quality food plants found in the Khirbat al-Mukhayyat is located approximately 9 km northwest City of David represent a rich assemblage, as would be expected from a of Madaba and has been identified as the ancient town of Nebo. The central city in this time period. Historical sources claiming famine and Khirbat al-Mukhayyat Archaeological Project (KMAP) was established starvation among the city’s population during the days of destruction, in 2012 to investigate the sacred aspect of the landscape around the and the anomaly of contradicting evidence from archaeobotanical site and explore the economic impact of pilgrimage across multiple remains will also be discussed in the presentation. cultural and historical periods. This paper will present the results of

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KMAP’s second season of excavation, which were concentrated on the 6H. Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Study of site’s Late Hellenistic remains. Dress and the Body: Dress and Gender Identity KMAP’s inaugural season of excavation took place in 2014 at which time three fields of excavation were opened. Two of these CHAIR: Megan Cifarelli (Manhattanville College), Presiding fields will form the focus of excavations during the 2016 season. In Cynthia Colburn (Pepperdine University), “Colorful Meaning(s) in Field C West, the discovery of a Late Hellenistic miqveh in 2014 was Bronze Age Men’s and Women’s Dress” of particular importance. This stepped ritual bath does not appear Given its embodied and performative nature, dress, or bodily to be associated with any architectural features. However, numerous adornment, can powerfully communicate social identities, whether wine presses in the vicinity indicate that the site may have had an real or imagined. At the same time, the meaning of dress is also agricultural function at this time. This hypothesis will be further dependent on the community of the lived body and the spaces in explored in the 2016 season, with continued excavation in the area which it performs. As an embodied subject, the dressed body can around the miqveh. convey a multitude of identities that are constantly being negotiated Excavation will also continue in Field B to the south of the site’s within the context of a given society. As both a boundary and a point acropolis. In this area, the corner of a monumental building was of connection, bodily adornment plays a rather complex role in unearthed. The sloping layers of soil outside of, but adjacent to, this constructing social identities. building produced over 20 intact and upright Late Hellenistic cooking It is well known that throughout antiquity certain materials used pots. The excavation units in Field B will be reopened in order to to adorn the body conveyed distinct associations and meanings. In expose more of these cooking vessels and perhaps elucidate the nature this paper I analyze the significance of colors and materials in the of these deposits. bodily adornment of men and women in the Bronze Age Aegean. In Husam Hjazeen (Department of Antiquities of Jordan), “Hercules most societies bodily adornment plays a dynamic role in negotiating Temple (Great Temple of Amman) Marcus Aurelius time (A.D. 161– gender relations, and this appears to be the case in the Aegean Bronze 166)” Age. However, given the lack of textual evidence one has to work The classical city of Amman was built during the Second with from Bronze Age Greece, in this paper I turn not only to the Ptolemaic period (ca. 285 B.C.) and was known as Philadelphia. The archaeological and artistic evidence of dress from the Aegean, but Romans replanned the city and built many monuments. Philadelphia also to contemporary Near Eastern and Egyptian evidence, as well as was meant to be a model Roman city. They built theaters and other evidence from later Greece. Based on this evidence, I glean potential monuments in the center of the city and made use of the acropolis meanings for the color and materials used to adorn the Aegean Bronze (Jabal al-Qala’a) where they constructed many buildings including Age body. the temple of Hercules. The Amman Citadel site (acropolis) is the Kathleen McCaffrey (Independent Researcher), “The Clothes Make largest and one of the city’s most important heritage attractions. the Man: Male and Female Cross-Dressing in Mesopotamia” Its outstanding archaeological and historical architecture make it Wearing the clothing of the opposite sex on stage or as a deceptive culturally significant for Amman. ruse did not affect a person’s gender status in ancient Greece because In 1990–1993, the American Center of Oriental Research gender in that cultural context was understood to be fixed and aligned and the Department of Antiquities implemented nine seasons of with sex (genitalia). This paper proposes that cross-dressing in the excavations in the temple area in order to understand and define the ancient Near East had different conceptual underpinnings. architectural design of the temple, restore the structure, and prepare it Mesopotamian and Ugaritic texts indicate that people in the for presentation to the public. However, this work did not uncover any East had a gnostic understanding of gender, attributing behavioral evidence for a staircase that led to the temple. traits to aggressive or passive essences housed within the material In 2004, the Department of Antiquities decided to complete body. Examples from literary texts demonstrate that cross-dressing in the excavation work at the site, focusing on the southeastern part of the ancient Near East was fraught with consequence. Similar to the the temple in order to understand the significance of the southern transfer of lemuttu in and out of people, gender essence could leak gate, which was exposed, along with the internal corridor, in 2002. from gendered objects (for instance clothing, dress pins, weapons) During the archaeological excavations of 2004, important remains and into people and vice-versa. This conceptual framework explains why foundations dating to the Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods deceptive cross-dressers in the ancient Near East had to wear two were uncovered. One of the important features that was found is the layers of clothing to protect their preferred gender status. staircase that provided access to the Hercules temple from the lower residential area. Neville McFerrin (Sweet Briar College), “Embodied Meanings: Gendered Biases, Semiotic Slippage, and the Functions of Adornment in Achaemenid Persia” The story of fifth-century Greek encounters with Persian dress is a discourse structured around binaries. For Athenian authors, the decorative nature of jewelry makes it more appropriate for women than men, thus bringing the character of the well-adorned Persian man into question. Such dichotomies have proved persistent; the

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biases of modern investigators often resonate with those of the Greeks, and Christians, against a background of the changes that began with preserving distinctions that oversimplify both the complexities of the transition from the Greco-Roman world to that of Christianity and gender identities and the communicative potentials of adornment. the influences that reached it from both East and West. To step away from binary oppositions, this paper suggests a Ancient texts suggest that in many cases the gestures, items of reformulation of the visual functions of dress and its relationship to clothing, and their accessories appearing in the mosaic floors imitated the outward projection of gendered identities. Using the visual and reality, reflecting the accepted forms and appearance of the periods material record of Achaemenid Persia as a lens, it focuses on jewelry during which the mosaics were created. These findings correlate well to explore how space is defined visually, comparing the reduplicative with archaeological discoveries of woven fabrics and dress together, communications between spatial mediations on the body and in confirming the accuracy of the depictions of clothing and their architecture to consider the ways in which stone, fabric, and metal accessories appearing in the mosaic floors. This paper focuses on the serve to reinforce and highlight boundaries, thus acting as visual terminology, typology, iconography, the adoption of both Western and and material fortifications of individual agency. This approach Eastern influences, and the attitudes of ancient and modern writers to suggests that gender is enacted rather than encoded, and it considers clothing and appearance. the body as a space of negotiation, with meaning evolving from experience predicated on sensory perception. Rather than asking what 7A. Career Options for ASOR Members: The Academy and Beyond I adornments signify, attention is given to what they do, privileging the individual’s sensorial relationship with the body as an essential CHAIR: Susan Ackerman (Dartmouth College), Presiding component of gender identity and highlighting the visual boundaries John Paul Christy (American Council of Learned Societies), created by dress as key elements in the outward projection of this “Extending the Reach of the Humanities Ph.D.” personal experience. In this presentation, I review recent initiatives aimed at mitigating Maura Heyn (University of North Carolina at Greensboro), “Dressed the challenges facing humanities Ph.D.s who seek careers outside of by Whom? Interpreting Agency and Identity in the Costume Choices the professoriate. These include programs sponsored by universities for Palmyrene Women” and scholarly societies, as well as the American Council of Learned This paper addresses the function of female portraiture in Roman Societies Public Fellows program, which is entering its sixth year. provincial society, looking in particular at the funerary portraits from Drawing on data collected in the first five years of the Public Fellows Palmyra, a thriving caravan city in the eastern empire. There is an program, I discuss how the skills acquired in the course of advanced intriguing switch in attributes that occurs in the Palmyrene portraiture research and teaching in the humanities can support a professional in the mid- to late-second century C.E., when the women cease to hold narrative that speaks to employers in a variety of contexts. the spindle and distaff and instead bedeck themselves with increasing Frederick Winter (F. A. Winter Associates), “Looking Beyond the amounts of jewelry. Scholars in the past have equated this transition Campus for Career Options in the Humanities, Archaeology, and with the emancipation of Palmyrene women, but this seems unlikely. Ancient Near Eastern and Mediterranean Studies” It has long been established that female portraiture is not a reliable The era in which advanced degrees in the humanities were indication of the roles of women in ancient society. Rather, it reflects perceived as leading exclusively or even predominantly to tenurable societal mores, creates or solidifies group identity, and functions teaching or research jobs in the academy has long since passed. as an advertisement of proper dress and comportment, but the These jobs still remain, but many of the tenure-track jobs have been question remains: Did the women in ancient Palmyrene society have replaced with low-paid contingent or adjunct positions, and even if any agency in the manner in which they were portrayed? Did they they had not, traditional academic positions are simply not present in “bedeck themselves” or were they “bedecked?” Can we talk about a sufficient numbers to accommodate the current generation of degree female identity that is communicated via the portraiture? Does female holders. National foundations with interests in the humanities and portraiture function differently from that of males? This paper will even federal granting agencies, most notably the Andrew W. Mellon incorporate theories about identity and agency in the funerary sphere Foundation and NEH, have recognized this trend with funding streams in order to answer these questions and to reflect on the function of to investigate and support nonacademic career tracks, and even the female portraiture in the Roman world. vocabulary of higher education has changed to reflect the breadth of Aliza Steinberg (Independent Researcher), “Gender, Status, and “alt. ac.,” initially understood as campus-based nonteaching positions, Dress Code as Reflected on the Mosaics Pavement within the but now more broadly construed as nonacademic or alternative, career Historical-Geographic Area of Eretz Israel toward the End of Late options, and the new genre of “quit lit” or testimonials from former Antiquity” academics who have left the academy. The speaker, who began his Clothing constitutes an element pertaining to the material career as a traditional, tenured faculty member with a Ph.D. in classical culture, enveloping the individual’s body and serving as a sort of archaeology, will discuss his own transition out of the academy and “second skin.” As depicted in the mosaics that decorated houses and into the federal government, where he served as a program officer in places of worship in Late Antiquity, it reflects gender, social norms, multiple federal agencies before retiring a few years ago to open his aesthetic aspects, and functions of men, women (and children). These own higher education consulting firm. The presentation will address images enable examination of the role and status of these figures in his career path as well as national trends in nontraditional humanities society among a multicultural population comprising pagans, Jews, hiring.

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Michael Smith (Lower Colorado River Authority), “Cultural alternative career path to the traditional scholarly route consider a Resources Management: Reconciling Past and Future” career in scholarly publishing? As a long-term publisher who began as a While progress marches ever forward, professionals within Syro-Palestinian archaeology student, I point out several advantages to Cultural Resources Management (CRM) endeavor to record, evaluate, this option: the lack of need for a Ph.D., ability to work with ideas, and and preserve our history before it is lost. This year marks the 50th applicability of many types of skills. Disadvantages include the salary, anniversary of the United States’ enactment of the National Historic the limited geographical locations, and the frustration of starting Preservation Act, which recognized an awareness of our national all over. Anthropologists and archaeologists are uniquely suited for heritage and the need to protect it. This legislation created the National scholarly publishing because of the similarities of the publishing Register of Historic Places (NRHP) and, as a result, the field of CRM. process to traditional ethnographic and archaeological fieldwork. Job CRM specialists work to ensure that various entities comply with federal opportunities exist not only in more traditional publishing houses, and state antiquities regulations. Thus, they interact closely with state but in universities, government, and cultural resource management and tribal archaeologists and historians, as well as clients, contractors, firms. Younger scholars should assess their level of commitment to and landowners, whose focus is typically more on their present and archaeology, and recognize the limits of working in the business world, future than someone else’s distant past. A full-time and often fast- before embarking on a career change. paced profession, CRM offers fieldwork and reporting opportunities throughout the year, as well as a crash course in project, time, and 7B. Maritime Archaeology fiscal management. The field employs a wide range of specialists, including archaeologists (both terrestrial and nautical), historians, CHAIR: Caroline Sauvage (Loyola Marymount University), Presiding architectural historians and historic architects, artifact analysts, and Marine Yoyotte (IFAO), “Ancient Fluvial Harbors in Late Bronze Age conservators. The presenter began his career in CRM after focusing on Egypt: A Major Interface between Terrestrial and Maritime Roads” the Old World in academia for 12 years, and has spent the last 15 years In Egyptology, even though the Nile constitutes the main travel trying to catch up in the New World. He has found CRM to be a career route, it is only with recent geoarchaeological studies of the evolution that can range from fun and fascinating to challenging and horribly of the Nile that interest in fluvial harbors has considerably grown. This frustrating … but one that is always very rewarding. theme is of primary importance in Egyptian maritime archaeology Suzi Wilczynski (Dig-It! Games), “From the Known to the Unknown: because it helps to reconstitute the landscape during antiquity as Utilizing Archaeology in Software Development” a whole, and to show that fluvial harbors are often located at the What do the study of archaeology and educational software crossroads of terrestrial routes leading to the sea, or directly nearby it. development have in common? Ostensibly, not much; however with Among the issues raised by fluvial harbors is the existence further scrutiny, surprising similarities appear. At its core, archaeology of a harbor implementation strategy. While Late Bronze Age (i.e., is a process of creative problem solving, analyzing patterns and data, New Kingdom: 1550–1069 B.C.) fluvial Egyptian harbors are being making connections, and communicating clearly and concisely— examined in Thebes and the Delta, harbors between them have yet skills that translate to numerous other fields including software to be sufficiently studied. This paper will discuss the entrance of development. The skills developed through the study of archaeology, the Fayyum through the fluvial harbor of Mi-wer (modern Gurob). such as the ability to analyze large amounts of information and the Closely connected with the presence of a royal Harem, this harbor desire to search for answers to complex questions, have helped me could have been used as a mooring place for the royal family and its build a company with a growing catalog of best-in-class K–12 learning court, as a stopover for the Fayyum strategic zone and as a transit point games, many of which focus on archaeology. for military campaigns. Hence, its location is not trifling as it is situated Bringing archaeology into the K–12 classroom provides an near the Bahr Yussef (a canal derived from the Nile), enabling one to important opportunity for students to see clearly the value of studying navigate to Memphis, or to reach the Libyan desert and the caravan the past. The study of archaeology is a powerful tool to help students roads. Finally, Egyptian fluvial harbors are an emerging subject for understand diverse topics, including culture, government, belief ancient Egypt and the Near East, leading to the crucial question of systems, and societal development. Our goal is to introduce elementary networks and mobility. and middle school students to ancient civilizations in a way that is Ehud Arkin Shalev, (University of Haifa), Ayelet Gilboa (University meaningful and understandable within their lives and to truly engage of Haifa) and Assaf Yasur-Landau (University of Haifa), “Coastal children in the science of archaeology. We seek to educate children and Underwater Bronze Age Assemblages from Tel Dor” about civilizations and cultures in an immersive way that goes beyond This paper presents new and unpublished coastal and underwater what they can experience from a textbook or film. Bronze Age assemblages from Tel Dor. We focus on finds originating As my journey illustrates, there are numerous creative ways to from two areas: the well-built ashlar stone walls at the south bay, use archaeological learning outside the traditional academic path. In currently partially submerged under the sea and interpreted by Avner this presentation I will discuss that journey and investigate the ways Raban as Late Bronze and Iron Age quays; and the massive walls in in which my study of archaeology has helped me build award-winning the “Love Bay” in the immediate vicinity of the current coastline, educational games. interpreted by Raban as Middle and Late Bronze Age architecture. Mitchell Allen (Mills College), “Scholarly Publishing as an To date, a large part of the ceramic assemblage from these two areas Archaeological Career” remains unpublished, including a number of Middle and Late Bronze Should junior scholars and graduate students interested in an Age imported ceramic wares. 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conducted by the University of Haifa yielded further evidence for to have a different sail-plan from those of earlier times because they Bronze Age activity in the bays of Dor; this includes pottery, some of often have a small square sail rigged near the bow called a spritsail. which is imported, as well as possible Bronze Age anchors. We shall, The significance of the spritsail ceased to be appreciated in the early in this paper, combine new and unpublished underwater evidence for nineteenth century soon after it became obsolete. Previous analysis maritime activity in Dor during the Bronze Age with a reexamination has often incorrectly assumed the spritsail to be a small foresail. This the chronology of coastal structures, in order to advance our paper draws on iconography, ancient texts, and modern experience to understanding of the nature of maritime interactions and coastal discuss the role of the spritsail, especially as it assisted Roman period infrastructure in the second millennium B.C.E. ships to sail to windward. It is argued that its purpose and origin are different from that of the foresail. Its legacy is that it made Roman Linda Hulin, (University of Oxford) and Senta German (Montclair period ships as maneuverable and as capable of sailing to windward as State University), “Down to the Sea: Mariner Networks in Ports ships ever were, possibly to the end of the age of sail itself. across the Late Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean” The Late Bronze Age was an international age, and ample textual, 7C. Archaeology of Iran I iconographic, and material data attests to the large-scale movement of goods around the eastern Mediterranean. Numerous port sites CHAIR: Holly Pittman (University of Pennsylvania), Presiding have been investigated, with the focus upon entrepôts as points of movement of goods and people into the wider, terrestrial landscape. Fereidoun Biglari (National Museum of Iran), “Middle Paleolithic The Down to the Sea project, however, adopts a mariner’s perspective, Assemblage Variability in Zagros: New Evidence from Kermanshah and views coastal sites as points of stability within a mobile maritime and Isfahan” landscape. Middle Paleolithic assemblages of the Zagros are often described Historical and sociological studies of early modern to present- as homogeneous. These assemblages, which are mainly from caves day ports document the existence of sailors’ quarters, often restricted and rockshelter sites, were the basis for defining Zagros Mousterian, to the fore and near shore. In these areas, establishments emerge featuring an industry characterized by intense core reduction and tool where sailors can rest and socialize. We argue that sailors’ retouch is reflected in the small size of exhausted cores and heavily quarters can be identified in the archaeological record by the relative retouched tools. New assemblages from recent excavations and diversity of ceramics in otherwise nonelite areas and in the presence surveys, however, are beginning to reveal typo-technological variation of small portable items that constitute sailor’s trade. The initial results in Middle Paleolithic industries of the Zagros. Here I present a number of our investigations into material from port sites in Crete and Cyprus of new Middle Paleolithic assemblages from two different regions of are presented here. the Zagros, including a group of cave and rockshelter sites located on the inner slopes of the Zagros, near the Zayandeh-Rud River and a Giorgos Bourogiannis (Museum of Mediterranean and Near Eastern number of cave and open-air sites in the high intermontane valley Antiquities), “From Almost Null to Plenty: Evidence for Seaborne of Kermanshah in the western Zagros. These new assemblages show Connections in the Southeast Aegean during the Early Iron Age” higher degrees of variability that are reflected in both technological Our knowledge of the Early Iron Age Aegean has been and typological aspects of the industries. These new finds and recent significantly improved during the past two decades. New fieldwork, evidence from other regions of the Zagros show that the Zagros Middle new publications, and the organization of numerous international Paleolithic industries are not as homogenous as previously thought. conferences and museum exhibitions have contributed to the better understanding of this critical period. What has become clear is Morteza Hesari (Esfahan University) and Sepideh Saeedi that seaborne connections that linked the Aegean to the eastern (Binghamton University), “New Perspectives on the Proto-Elamite Mediterranean have been a chief component of this process and Territory” that they contributed decisively to the Aegean recovery from the Scholars define the Proto-Elamite phenomenon by the appearance collapse of the Late Bronze Age socioeconomic structures. Although of Proto-Elamite writing, the first form of local writing in Iran, on we have not yet achieved a complete understanding of this period, tablets in many cases together with specific types of management tools particularly of the earliest Early Iron Age stages, recent publications , over a vast geographical territory across the Iranian plateau. Different indicate that maritime contacts between the Aegean and the rest of explanations have been offered to account for this spread and the shift the Mediterranean did not remain idle for long. This paper aims to from a Mesopotamian-oriented culture during the earlier period (Late investigate evidence of maritime connections between the Early Iron Uruk/Susa II) to a predominantly Iranian-oriented culture during the Age southeast Aegean and the eastern Mediterranean and to outline late fourth and early third millennium BCE. However, up to now most how these connections gradually developed from the first unsystematic of these explanations have concentrated on the recovered material exchanges of the 11th century B.C., to the dynamic cosmopolitanism culture from Fars in the southern part of the plateau and Khuzestan of the seventh and sixth centuries. Discussion will include pottery on the southwest. New discoveries from sites on the northern fringes finds, inscriptions, and cultic evidence. of the plateau depict a fresh and more complete picture of this enigmatic phenomenon. The new excavations and surveys conducted Christopher Davey (Australian Institute of Archaeology), “Sailing to in the settlements that contain the material culture of this horizon Windward in Roman Times: The Spritsail Legacy” have significantly added to our knowledge about its formation and The iconography of Roman period merchant ships reveals them spreading processes. In this paper we present some of the newly

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discovered evidence from these sites, including but not limited to: in Iran, it certainly also contains many questions. The Archaeology Sofalin, Shoghali, Ozbaki, Gholidarvish and compare them with our of Iran session is an excellent opportunity to share and discuss these older understanding of the presence of this cultural horizon in the results and questions and to receive feedback on this review. center and northern parts of the Iranian plateau. This paper is divided into three parts: a brief introduction of the newly studied sites in the Tobin Hartnell (American University of Iraq), “The Identification of northern part of the central Iranian plateau, the relationships that Ayadana (Ritual Places) in Achaemenid Persia (550–330 B.C.)” existed among these settlements, and an overview of this period in Āyadana (cult places) appear to play an essential, if uncertain, this region role in the royal rituals of the Achaemenid state. Scholars such as Lecoq have argued that the paucity of evidence for the ritual places Kyle Olson (University of Pennsylvania),“Three Narratives, Three implies that āyadana are not places at all but rites. The Babylonian Approaches: Trade, Exchange, and Interaction in Third Millennium version of Darius’s Behistun inscription does refer to bītum (temples), Iran” but Herodotus (1.131) denied the existence of temples in Persia The Royal Cemetery at Ur. The Astarabad Treasure. The Fullol (southern Iran). Other classical authors, like Dino of Colophon, imply Hoard. What do these three finds have in common? All lie along the alternatives like open-air sacrifice on hilltops rather than fixed places route that is purported to have brought lapis lazuli from its source of worship. In sum, there is no clear identification of āyadanas as (Sar-i Sang) to Sumer and beyond during the third millennium. places of worship to date. Accordingly, these finds, among many others, have been used to This paper will propose an alternative solution by identifying argue for the existence of an extensive long-distance trade network the āyadana as a ritual place of water designed specifically for the during this time. But answers to the questions of exactly when, how, performance of sacrifice and libation. In particular, this paper will and by whose agency these materials circulated so widely have largely argue that the Achaemenid basins, either embedded in monumental remained elusive. Several models and metaphors have been proposed dam constructions or enclosed within paradises, served as one form as solutions, or at least as heuristics, to resolve this problem, including: of āyadana. Some monumental dams in Fars (ancient Persia) appear the prehistory of the Silk Road, World Systems Theory, and Interaction to be constructed first and foremost as ritual places, rather than as Spheres. While each of these has its own concerns and relative merits, economic infrastructure. These dams or basins purify or otherwise all share in common a desire to “connect-the-dots-on-a-map.” While sanctify water before their use in paradises or other ritual settings. A these models have been used to illuminate certain aspects of third close examine of these monumental structures can both resolve the millennium trade, exchange, and interaction, other aspects have apparent conflict between Herodotus model of open-air worship and remained obscure. For example, given technological and climatic Darius model of āyadana. Other Achaemenid rituals of water will be constraints on travel during the third millennium, which routes were considered in order to propose that these basins as central to political likely to have been taken? To what degree do material parallels found patronage of ritual. over great geographic distances actually index significant interaction? Is there a way to empirically substantiate the analytical categories 7D. The Iron Age I in the Levant: A View from the North commonly found in the literature? This paper explores the possibilities of answering these questions by scaling down the geographic scope CHAIRS: Hanan Charaf (University of Paris I) and Lynn Welton of analysis and through a combination of regional scale seriation and (Oriental Institute), Presiding typology, elemental analysis of ceramics, and GIS-based techniques. Sara Pizzimenti (Sapienza University of Rome), “The Iron Age I at Benjamin Mutin (Harvard University), “Southern Iran in the Second Karkemish: New Results from Areas C, G, and S” Millennium B.C.E.” During the 2011–2016 campaigns, one of the main aims of the The third millennium B.C.E. in southern Iran and Pakistan Turco-Italian Archaeological Expedition at Karkemish, directed is characterized by the rise and fall of major Bronze Age urban by Prof. Nicolò Marchetti (Alma Mater Studiorum–University of civilizations including the Indus Civilization in Pakistan and the so- Bologna), was to extensively expose the Bronze and Iron Age town called Halil Rud (or Jiroft) Civilization in southeastern Iran. Little is in order to understand the urbanism of the site and to better define known as to the following millennium, particularly in southeastern the patterns of its material culture. New archaeological data for the Iran, where, in fact, archaeological deposits currently dating to the Iron Age I occupation have been brought to light in three excavation second millennium B.C.E. were excavated at a single site, Tepe Yahya, areas: in the Lower Palace, in areas C and S, and in a deep sounding a site investigated by C. C. Lamberg-Karlovsky and his team in the in area G at the southern foot of the acropolis. This paper presents 1970s. These deposits include successive architectural layers and an a detailed analysis of the stratigraphic sequence and of the pottery abundant ceramic assemblage, all assigned to Tepe Yahya Period IVA. seriation for the Iron Age I strata, with the aim to contribute to a better This paper presents the main characteristics of the second millennium understanding of this key period at Karkemish and in the northern B.C.E. in southeastern Iran, with a focus on the evidence from Tepe Levant. Yahya. This presentation is based on the totality of available collection Doga Karakaya (University of Tübingen) and Simone Riehl of objects and archives in the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and (University of Tübingen), “Agricultural Patterns at Tell Tayinat and Ethnology at Harvard University and is complemented by a review of Beyond: The Archaeobotanical and Stable Carbon Isotope Evidence” the evidence dating to this millennium in southern Iran. While this Current archaeobotanical research plays an integral role in paper aims at providing new and updated insights as to this period

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comprehending the agricultural economy of ancient Near Eastern Iron Age, ancient Kumidi became a village, albeit extensively and societies. Available archaeobotanical data from Late Bronze and Early densely settled, struggling with its new position in the Beqaa valley Iron Age sites in the northern Levant is relatively scarce, despite the and the region of Upper Galilee. The extensive excavations of both the long history of archaeological research in this region. Nonetheless, universities of Saarbrücken and Freiburg give preliminary answers ongoing archaeobotanical investigations at Tell Tayinat aim to reduce about the nature of the Iron Age in the southern Beqaa. By viewing this information gap in the northern Levant. the available data (architecture, pottery, small finds, etc.), this paper This paper reviews available archaeobotanical data in order to follows diachronically the site’s specific settlement history of collapse identify any contrasting patterns which may help in determining (LBA II) and persistence (Iron I) as well as decline and abandonment changes in the nature of agricultural production and management (Iron I–II). methods during the Late Bronze–Iron Age transition. We also evaluate the stable carbon isotopic evidence from Tell Tayinat and 7E. Object, Text, and Image: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Seals, other geographically neighboring sites to explore any recognizable Sealing Practices, and Administration II trends of increasing aridity in the region. Through integrating new archaeobotanical and stable carbon isotope results from Tell Tayinat, CHAIRS: Oya Topçuoğlu (Oriental Institute, University of Chicago) we want to contribute to a more complete picture of the regional and Sarah J. Scott (Wagner College), Presiding patterns in crop husbandry and palaeoenvironmental conditions of Vanessa Boschloos (Ghent University; Royal Museums of Art and the northern Levant during the period under consideration. History, Brussels), “What’s in a Name? An Interdisciplinary Look Eric Jensen (University of Arkansas), “Destruction, Recovery, and at Identity Reflected by Egyptian and Egyptianizing Seals in Syro- Renewal: The Late Bronze to Iron Age Transition at Tell Qarqur” Mesopotamia and the Levant” While only a limited exposure of the terminal LB IIB phase has yet As current scholarship on glyptic is increasingly addressing issues been accomplished at Tell Qarqur, Syria, the excavated remains have relating to identity, the question has only sporadically been dealt with provided much information concerning local subsistence practices, as in studies on Egyptian and Egyptianizing seals in ancient Near Eastern well as aspects of material culture shared by the inhabitants at Qarqur contexts. These are traditionally approached from an art historical, an with settlements in the surrounding regions. When these data are archaeological or, when bearing inscriptions, from an Egyptological viewed in contrast to the Iron I levels that follow, sharp differences point of view. In the past two generations, this has resulted in the are observable. Between the Late Bronze and Iron I, reliance on a development of reliable typological sequences for certain periods, in balance of perennial orchard crops and annual wheat harvests shifts the identification of iconographical and symbolic transfer processes to an almost exclusive dependence on wheat species, with faunal between Egypt and neighboring regions, and in more methodological evidence between the two periods demonstrating a decline in the approaches when using these objects as chronological markers or as presence of domesticate species matched by a simultaneous rise in the evidence of intercultural contacts. Research on identity as reflected by exploitation of local wild special sources. A marked change from the these seals is, however, confronted with the fact that textual data is ceramic forms and decorative styles of the LB IIB to those of the Iron often lacking: whereas some bear private names and titles, the great I occurs at Qarqur, despite no stratigraphic indication for a period of majority are decorative and anepigraphic and few have sealed objects abandonment in the occupation of the settlement. Instead, a reduced that mention the name of their owner. area of activity within the settlement is accompanied by a steep decline This paper focuses on this issue by considering Egyptian and in architectural complexity. The inhabitants’ ability to adapt to and Egyptianizing glyptic evidence from Bronze and Iron Age Syro- recover from these economic and subsistence perturbations attests Mesopotamia and the Levant, more specifically the most ubiquitous to the local population’s resilience, and eventually sets the political category, scarabs. Case studies will demonstrate that the combination stage for Qarqur’s economic renewal and settlement expansion in the of archaeological (context), art historical (imagery), and technical subsequent Iron II period. (object) perspectives allows exploring concepts of personal and cultural identity as expressed by scarabs, whether or not textual data Elisabeth Wagner-Durand (Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg), is available. Whereas inscriptions, the archaeological context, and the “Rural Peace After City Life? Kamid el-Loz During the Iron Age” associated finds offer insights into the identity and status of the seal’s It is well known that the site of Kamid el-Loz, ancient Kumidi, final owner, stylistic and iconographic preferences in the seal’s imagery had been a flourishing city, governed by a palace and built around a may reflect the original client’s individuality or cultural identity. prominent temple area during the Middle and Late Bronze Ages. Shaken by several disasters during times of political “global” interaction, the Katrien De Graef (Ghent University), “Seals on Heels: The Sealing small but strategically situated city fully recovered and reinvented itself Practice of Female Economic Actors in Old Babylonian Sippar” every time but the last. During the Iron Age, Kumidi reshaped itself Ongoing research on the role of women in the Old Babylonian as a settlement of rapid building sequence, including stone- and mud economy showed that nadītu women were particularly present in this brick-built buildings (houses and stone corrals), but lacking any Iron domain during the reigns of Sîn-muballiṭ and Hammurabi where I graves. Since the temple and palace left their traditional locations their active participation in the economy nearly equals that of men (De occupied for hundreds of years, and since no such functional building Graef, in press). Initially predestined to be keepers and enlargers of the could have been identified yet in other places of the site, the question family estate, some of these women clearly became first rank economic arises whether during the transition from the Late Bronze Age to the players, developing their own estate alongside the family estate.

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This paper investigates the sealing practice of female economic witnesses, judges), the cities where they are active, their writing styles actors in sale, lease, and loan documents from Old Babylonian Sippar or even the nature of written texts and, in some cases their handwriting. in order to shed light on their agency. Although their agency is not the During my stay at the Oriental Institute of Chicago, the sigillographic result of their own free choice—their family decides to invest them with criteria turned out to be a very precious tool in the identification of the these roles—the unintended result is empowerment of these women as homonymous scribes since I was able to integrate the image pictured top-class economic players. A key question is therefore whether and as an additional bit of information and to identify unpublished seals. to what extent they merely acted on behalf of their families or also This paper concerns the scribes Taya without patronym (69 acted in their personal capacity. One of the indicators is their sealing texts) and Taya son of Apil-Sîn (79 texts). Thanks, among others, practice: Do they have and use their own seal or do they seal with to the observations of the seal impressions, 29 tablets from the 69 the seal of a male family member such as their father or brother? If written by Taya without patronym could be attributed to the son of they have and use their own seals, do these seals reflect their identity, Apil-Sîn, because they had a seal in common with him. This paper gender, professional affiliation and/or social status? also highlights the practice of sharing seals among individuals and the use of a specific seal according to the cities in which the scribe worked Gregg Jamison (University of Wisconsin-Madison), “Inscribed during his career. Unicorn Seals of the Indus Civilization: A Diachronic Comparative Study of Style, Technology, and Socio-Political Organization” 7F. Yerushalayim, Al Quds, Jerusalem: Recent Developments and The Indus or Harappan Civilization (2600–1900 B.C.E.) Dilemmas in the Archaeological and Historical Studies from the represents one of the world’s earliest urban societies, and its earliest Bronze Age to Medieval Periods II manifestation in the south Asian subcontinent. Among forms of diagnostic Indus material culture, perhaps none are more emblematic CHAIR: Doron Ben-Ami (Israel Antiquities Authority), Presiding than inscribed seals engraved with the unicorn motif. Traditionally described as highly standardized in form and execution, recent Ortal Chalaf (Israel Antiquities Authority) and Peter Gendelman research demonstrates the unicorn icon is stylistically diverse. Some (Israel Antiquities Authority), “The Dynamic Nature of the Ayyubid of this diversity is patterned and represents important cultural Settlement in Jerusalem: A View from the Western Wall Plaza” practices related to seal production techniques. This paper focuses As noted in various historical sources, the establishment of Islamic on the organization of Indus unicorn seal production and its institutions and settlement within the Jerusalem city walls began relationship to the social, political, and economic systems in which immediately after it was conquered by Salah al-Din in 1187 C.E. The they were made and used. Using complementary analytical techniques desire to resettle the city is explicitly expressed in various documents including experimental and ethnoarchaeological studies focusing on that call for the establishment of homes within Jerusalem. As part of replication, and formal analysis of archaeological materials, it has this wave of settlement, the Moor’s neighborhood was founded in been possible to fingerprint stylistically distinct groups of seals that order to accommodate North African immigrants in Jerusalem. likely represent the products of different artisans and workshops. Despite the historical evidence, little is known archaeologically Though seals were used as symbols of wealth and power and served of Ayyubid Jerusalem. To date there has been a lack of significant crucial administrative functions, the identification and distribution archaeological remains attributed to this period, partly due to the short of distinct stylistic groups suggests that production was undertaken period of Ayyubid rule, which lasted for only about 70 years. Over by multiple artisans and workshops, within and among different sites; the past three years, the Israel Antiquities Authority has conducted and was more variable than previously thought. The data indicate that excavations in the Western Wall Plaza, where a portion of an Ayyubid although seal production and use was regulated by elites, it was not neighborhood was exposed. The finds include several domestic centrally controlled in one center or by one centralized authority. This structures preserved to a height of up to 2.5 m, with four distinct supports a decentralized or city-state model of social and political phases, indicating the rapid and dynamic development of Jerusalem organization and control, unique compared to contemporary polities in this short period. The vast exposure of the various phases of the in ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt, and among the world’s earliest Ayyubid settlement enabled the development of a clear classification urban societies more generally. of Ayyubid material culture, which is distinct from the preceding Crusader and subsequent Mamluk periods. This paper will present the Véronique Pataï (Université Lumière Lyon 2, Laboratoire finds of the excavation and reflect on the relevant historical records in Archéorient), “Texts and Seal Impressions at Nuzi: the Case of the order to define the character of the Ayyubid settlement of Jerusalem. Scribe Taya Son of Apil-Sîn” In the publications of the Nuzi tablets, the impressions of seals Johanna Regev (Dangoor Research Accelerator Mass Spectrometer are almost never represented. Despite the studies conducted by E. Radiocarbon Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of Science) Porada (1947) and D. Stein (1987: 225-320 and 1993a and b) this lack and Elisabetta Boaretto (Dangoor Research Accelerator Mass of information leads to some difficulties when we turn to the issue of Spectrometer Radiocarbon Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of identifying the individual using a seal. Science), “Microarchaeologically Sampled Radiocarbon Dates from The prosopographic study of the Nuzi scribes highlights the the City of David Excavations” presence of many homonyms. In my Ph.D. research which focuses on Over the past two years, several areas in the City of David a group of twelve scribes, I use several criteria to distinguish between (Jerusalem) have been excavated with the specific aim of building a the various homonyms such as comparing their contacts (employers, radiocarbon-based chronological backbone for Jerusalem from the Early Bronze Age to the Roman period.

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The strategy to define the context quality for 14C dating is based valleys to the southwest of Jerusalem, it took the region centuries to on the microarchaeology tools that were applied while excavating recover from the destructive Babylonian invasions of the early sixth with the on-site laboratory. FTIR, microscopy analysis, phytoliths century. Most recent population estimates for the peak population concentration, pyro-features, sediment composition integrated of Achaemenid Judah have been, therefore, quite modest. Jerusalem with the archaeological findings were used for context evaluation. was limited to the confines of the City of David (approximately 4.4 ha, The research has concentrated on three areas with different depositional excluding the Temple Mount). The town seems to have consisted only natures, requiring tailored sampling methodology. of a village and a small sanctuary. Slow growth characterizes most of The first area, the Givati Parking Lot, allowed dense 14C sampling the Persian period and the Hellenistic era. If, as some argue, the early from identified in-situ contexts in superimposed layers. Such sampling political and administrative capital of Neo-Babylonian jurisdiction in enabled us to overcome wiggles in the calibration curve, reducing Yehud was Mizpah and the later political capital (at some point) in calibrated age ranges for the Hellenistic period. Persian times was Ramat Rahel, this evidence compels us to revisit In the second location, Area E, previously excavated by Y. Shiloh, the biblical literature relating to the Persian period (e.g., Haggai, the dating strategy was tailored to excavate the remaining baulks. Zechariah, Ezra-Nehemiah, Chronicles), in which Jerusalem occupies Microarchaeology tools are essential to provide 14C samples and a most privileged place. What should one make of the apparent information on levels that can be securely linked to recently published disjunction between the material remains and the literary remains? macroscopic finds. Such questions will be addressed in the second part of my paper. For the third location, the Gihon Spring Fortifications, radiocarbon sampling was undertaken beneath the tower. Several 7G. Archaeology of Jordan III: Material Culture of Southern Jordan levels were characterized with microarchaeological tools from which 14C samples were recovered for the chronological sequence. CHAIR: Craig A. Harvey (University of Michigan), Presiding In this paper, we will present our field methodology and share Craig A. Harvey (University of Michigan), “The Military Camp Wall our preliminary results. Integrating microarchaeology proxies into Paintings from Humayma (Ancient Hauarra), Jordan” radiocarbon chronology research prove to be essential in order to One would not expect to find elements of Roman opulence in a obtain a solid, absolute dating for the City of David. military establishment at edge of the Roman Empire. Nevertheless, Joe Uziel (Israel Antiquities Authority) and Nahshon Szanton (Israel excavation within the praetorium (commander’s house) in the early Antiquities Authority), “Absolute Dating of the Spring Tower and its second century fort at Humayma has uncovered evidence of luxurious Implications on the Fortification Systems of Jerusalem in the Bronze living, including a hypocaust-heated dining room, mosaic floors, and Iron Ages” and decorative wall paintings, along with high-class glassware and Over 150 years of explorations in Jerusalem have exposed evidence of fresh oysters. The wall paintings, extant only in fragments, many important and monumental structures spanning a period of depict figural motifs, architectural elements, and panels of simulated almost 4000 years of the city’s human activity known through both marble veneering bordered by red lines. A detailed study of the wall archaeological and historical data. One of the earliest of these structures painting fragments has not only clarified the types of marble and is the tower surrounding the Gihon Spring, which provided protection decorative stone depicted in the paintings, but has also enabled the to Jerusalem’s primary source of water. Initially dated to the MB II reconstruction of large sections of the wall program. In turn, this based on ceramic evidence, architectural style, and its relationship reconstruction has permitted the identification of numerous local and to other features of the period, the absolute dating of the feature was non-local parallels, revealing that the Humayma wall paintings are undertaken as part of the radiocarbon dating presented here by J. situated firmly within the common visual language of the region and Regev and E. Boaretto in order to fine-tune the period in which it was the Roman Empire. The wall paintings, although certainly designed built and used. The exposure of the northeastern corner of the tower, for the enjoyment of the commander, were also visible to those being built on an earth fill, enabled the sampling of the sediments beneath entertained in the praetorium including members of the local elite. In the tower, providing precise data for the dating of this structure. The addition to discussing the program of these wall paintings and their current paper will reflect on the implications of the radiocarbon dating parallels, this paper will also consider what messages they presented of the tower and present new thoughts on Jerusalem’s fortifications to the local elite, who themselves had similarly decorated residences. surrounding its perennial water source during the Bronze and Iron Given the scarcity of wall paintings in this region, particularly those Ages. from military camps, this material represents a significant contribution to our understanding of the representation of Roman elite culture in a Gary Knoppers (University of Notre Dame), “Jerusalem in the provincial military context. Persian Period: A Disjunction between the Archaeological Finds and the Biblical Literature?” M. Barbara Reeves (Queen’s University), “Humans, Animals, and My presentation has two parts. The first section reviews recent Gods in Humayma’s Hills: The Petroglyph Corpus” archaeological and epigraphic finds relating to Jerusalem and the The archaeological site of Humayma, in southern Jordan’s Hisma region of Yehud during the Persian period. Of particular interest is desert, retains traces of human occupation spanning thousands of the impoverished and underpopulated condition of Jerusalem and years. Excavations and surveys over the past three decades have Yehud throughout the Achaemenid era. Although there is evidence focused on many aspects of this site’s occupation, revealing a great of continuous occupation at some sites within Benjamin and in the deal about its Upper Paleolithic, Epipaleolithic, Nabataean, Roman,

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Byzantine, early Islamic, and later phases. One aspect of Humayma’s Zurraba kilns in nearby Wadi Musa, which produced NPFW, were archaeological remains that has, however, received only passing likely used at least into the fourth century. However, the publication scholarly attention is the site’s petroglyphs. After the chance discovery of Nelson Glueck’s Khirbet et-Tannur material suggests that NPFW in 2012 of a petroglyph interpreted as depicting a Roman religious might be found in greatest concentrations at religious or sacred sites, ceremony, the Humayma Excavation Project conducted an exploratory as Dekorphase 4 was especially well represented there. As the et- survey in 2014 on the sandstone ridge on which that petroglyph was Tannur material mainly ranges from ca. 100 B.C.–A.D. 300, it provides found. Over four days more than 150 petroglyphs were found on that an interesting comparison for the Petra North Ridge material, despite ridge and on two adjacent raised sandstone landmasses. The purpose a lack of knowledge regarding Glueck’s collection methodology. of this paper is to provide an introduction to the humans, animals, Additionally, the comparison further complicates our understanding and gods represented in this corpus of Humayma’s petroglyphs and of the use of certain ceramic forms in domestic and non-domestic to discuss their form, location, phasing, and possible meaning. The contexts. corpus includes depictions of humans worshipping and hunting, riders on horses and camels, wild and domesticated animals, human David Graf (University of Miami), “The Revision of a Nabataean footprints, and abstract symbols. These images, carved over thousands Inscription from Ba’aja (I) near Baidha” of years by the humans utilizing Humayma’s raised ridges and hills, The new Pétra: Atlas archéologique et épigraphique. Vol. I. De Bab provide both glimpses into the minds of Humayma’s past occupants as-Siq au Wādi al-Farasah (Paris 2012) by Laila Nehmé represents and another tool for exploring Humayma’s long occupational history. the first installment of a new corpus of Nabataean inscriptions for Petra. But new Nabataean inscriptions continue to emerge in the Petra Leigh-Ann Bedal (Penn State Behrend) and Pamela K. Koulianos region, such as those I published recently from Wadi Museimir in the (Hillsborough Community College), “In Small Things Assembled: Wadi Arabah. Recently, a new inscription was found north of Petra in A Late First-Century B.C.E. Assemblage beneath the Petra Garden the area of Baidha. It is fragmentary, representing only a greeting and and Pool Complex” the first name of an individual, but the patronym is lost. It appears to be The Petra Garden and Pool Complex is laid out on the southern associated with hydrological works in the region and a sluice gate for a terrace at the heart of the Nabataean capital city. This urbanparadeisos water channel. It offers not only a new name to the Nabataean Aramaic was one component of a major building program attributed to Aretas corpus, but a contribution to the engineering skill of the Nabataeans. IV (9 B.C.E.–40 C.E.). The dating of the creation of the monumental garden and pool complex early in his reign is due in part to the date 7H. Art Historical Approaches to the Ancient Near East II of an assemblage of pottery and small finds found as a single deposit along a water channel that underlies the leveling debris (Phase II) for CHAIR: Allison Thomason (Southern Illinois University Edwardsville), the garden layer. The deposit, therefore, preexisted the construction Presiding of the garden. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the deposit’s Stefanie Elkins (Andrews University), “The Khirbet ‘Ataruz Iron IIA contents, including, pottery, oil lamps, figurines, items of personal Cult Stand” adornment, coins, and a beautifully carved stone cup, as a unique Located in Jabal Hamidah, in Jordan, Khirbat ‘Ataruz has become assemblage of late first century B.C.E. material culture excavated in a site of great importance with the discovery of a temple complex Petra. The assortment of restored Nabataean fine ware (painted and dating to the late Iron Age I and early Iron Age II periods. Under unpainted) and common ware vessels is the only published single the direction of Chang-Ho Ji from LaSierra University, this site cache of pottery from a clear stratigraphic context dating to this period has produced an array of cultic artifacts that is providing a clearer in Petra. understanding of the religious practices of Iron Age Transjordan. Sarah Wenner (University of Cincinnati), “The Ceramic Corpora of During the 2001 excavations, pieces of two model shrines and one Petra North Ridge’s Nonelite Tombs” cult stand were found on and around an offering table in the main In 2012, the Petra North Ridge Project began excavation of sanctuary room. Subsequent seasons revealed more pieces that were nonelite tombs and domestic structures. After three field seasons, it is only later discovered to be part of the largest of the three objects—the now possible to examine the ceramic corpora from lower-status shaft- cult stand. cut tombs, dating from ca. 100 B.C.–A.D. 100. Initial results suggest The study and conservation of the ‘Ataruz cult stand is important that specific, uncharred cooking and drinking vessels were included as it combines unique and rare elements, including two male figures in tomb contexts. Additionally, the dating of some Nabataean Painted holding what appear to be sacrificial animals, making it one of the Fineware (NPFW) cups can be further refined. Finally, the tombs most complete and significant examples of an early Iron Age II cult contained far greater quantities of NPFW than the adjacent domestic stand. complexes dating to the first–fourth centuries. However, less than 50 This presentation will offer an art historical analysis of the sherds of Dekorphase 4 (ca. 150/200–400) were identified in both ‘Ataruz cult stand as well as an account of its restoration. Due to its tombs and domestic contexts, in comparison with over 1,000 sherds size and prolific decoration, this artifact will provide deeper insight of both Dekorphases 3b (ca. 70–100) and 3c (ca. 100–150/200), into the ancient concept of aesthetics symbolism and how these design suggesting that the NPFW tradition declined dramatically by the start elements made their way into Transjordan during the Iron Age. The of the third century. iconographic elements also have implications for our understanding of This conclusion seems untenable when considering that the az-

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the religious practices at ‘Ataruz as well as in the greater Transjordan art of following kings, such as the reliefs of Seti I of the Nineteenth region. Dynasty at the Temple of Amun at Karnak. This paper will address the significance of the sun disk image and its importance to the rest Moise Isaac (University of California, Los Angeles), “Iconization in of the art of the Amarna period, specifically the representation of the Neo-Assyrian Representations of Israelite and Judean Exiles” Aten. It will investigate the uses of this image by examining the art of The palace reliefs of Tiglath-Pileser III and Sennacherib, two several reigns of the New Kingdom to find known attestations of this prominent kings of the Neo-Assyrian Empire during the eighth particular variation of the sun disk. Finally, this paper will attempt to century B.C.E., depict the displacement and exile of Israelites from hypothesize why this image, which occurs in the art of the “heretic” their homeland of Ashtaroth and Judeans from Lachish respectively. king, continued to be used after his erasure from written records. This paper draws on the anthropological theory of iconization in examining the representations of north Israelite and Judean identity 8A. Career Options for ASOR Members: The Academy and Beyond II in Neo-Assyrian palace reliefs. Differentiating elements between the two groups will be highlighted and conclusions drawn about their CHAIR: Emily Bonney (California State University, Fullerton), meaning and construction in Neo-Assyrian elite space. Presiding

Tracy Spurrier (University of Toronto), “Battles in the Bedroom, Geoff Emberling (University of Michigan), “Ways to Work in Demons at the Door, and Horses in the Hall: An Access Analysis Archaeology: Shifting Perspectives” Study of Various Themes Depicted in the Reliefs of Sennacherib’s Tenure track positions are rare in archaeology, and not likely ‘Palace Without a Rival’” to become more abundant. There are, however, many other paths in In the early Iron Age, Assyrian kings established hegemonic the field. This talk will center on my work as a curator and museum control over much of the ancient Near East through intimidation, director, and will also highlight my activities as an entrepreneurial military superiority, and domination. To document their rise to power, archaeologist. the kings recorded their own events and activities in relief art carved on stone slabs that decorated their palaces. Each king’s relief program Susan Braunstein (The Jewish Museum), “The Archaeologist as was a unique account of the political environment and individual Curator” propagandistic agendas of their particular reign meant to impress At this session, I will share my experiences as an archaeologist in and intimidate contemporaries, as well as to immortalize the king for the museum field, where I have worked for my entire career. I began as future viewers. a volunteer even before I went to graduate school. Even though at the The precise relief placement within the architectural layout of time I hadn’t necessarily expressed a preference for academia versus the palace was designed to act as a narrative, guiding visitors through museum work, job opportunities offered first at The Brooklyn Museum an arrangement of rooms with content they were allowed to access and then at The Jewish Museum in New York proved engaging and dependent on their status. Though a broad range of scholarship exists fulfilling. Being a curator encompasses the study, maintenance, and discussing relief content and audience, many theories tend to be development of collections, and the presentation of a broad range speculative and supported by subjective data. In my research, I examine of subjects to a variety of audiences through exhibition, lectures, room accessibility and palace permeability through the application and publications. Curatorship combines a number of skills. One of architectural space syntax models in order to assign each room a first has to be completely rigorous in the scholarship that goes into numeric classification. I apply the room data to the associated reliefs, all aspects of the work. The art of exhibition presentation must also thus turning art into quantifiable data that can be used to evaluate be mastered—how to engage the audience through design, text, and differential access. interpretive devices. Finally, one should know about object handling This paper focuses on one dataset from my on-going dissertation and conservation so as to understand the principles of collection research: the relief program in Sennacherib’s Southwest Palace at preservation and safe display. While graduate training provided the Nineveh. I assess the viewership intensity and intended audience, scholarly groundwork and the ability to “read” objects, much of my and purpose for creation of particular themes and events depicted in museumship was learned on the job as I came up through the ranks. Sennacherib’s reliefs, offering insight into the mindset of the king and At The Jewish Museum, my focus has expanded beyond the ancient his particular program of propaganda. Near East to include decorative arts through the contemporary period and from all lands where Jews have lived. This has provided a long, Emily Drennan (Brown University), “The Life-Giving Sun Disk: fascinating view of the multiple evolutions of a single cultural group Amenhotep IV and Beyond” that is continually reinventing itself. The image of the sun disk with a uraeus on either side and a series of ankhs hanging between them appears during a brief period Jack Green (Corning Museum of Glass), “Building a Career in in the reign of Amenhotep IV of the Eighteenth Dynasty. It can be Museums: Opportunities and Challenges” seen on one of the king’s blocks from Karnak. It is well known that In this panel session, I summarize my career to date, including the building projects and statues of Amenhotep IV as well as most personal observations on museum careers within the UK and US. elements of his religion were systemically destroyed and rejected, Museum careers can be as highly valued as tenure-track faculty as well as purposefully forgotten. However, this particular sun disk, positions, and provide opportunities to develop innovative research, with a new addition of was scepters, can be seen once again in the publication, and outreach initiatives. An underlying challenge of

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museum work is maintaining a scholarly profile (and fieldwork) types of career opportunities available in both the public and private that contributes to institutional goals, while focusing on collections sectors. and exhibits, visitors and staff, and fundraising needs. My museum career began as a volunteer and led to studies of unpublished material 8B. Bioarchaeology of the Near East I in the British Museum during my graduate studies at the Institute of Archaeology, University College London. Following my Ph.D. (2006), CHAIR: Lesley A. Gregoricka (University of South Alabama), and while working on the White-Levy supported Tell es-Sa‘idiyeh Presiding Cemetery Publication project, I took up the position of curator for the Sean P. Dougherty (Milwaukee Area Technical College) and Akira ancient Near East at the Ashmolean Museum, University of Oxford Tsuneki (University of Tsukuba, Japan), “The Pašittu-Demon among (2007). This introduced me to the intellectually stimulating, creative, the People: Infant Mortality and Maternal Health in Neolithic Syria” collaborative, and gratifying process of curating a new gallery. I then The injurious effects of the agricultural transition on health have took up the position of chief curator at the Oriental Institute Museum been well documented. However, contributions from the Near East are of the University of Chicago (2011). There were opportunities to relatively uncommon. Excavations at the Pottery Neolithic cemetery carry out research and curate, although work was more staff- and at Tell el-Kerkh in northwest Syria provide an opportunity to study project-driven. I also engaged in cultural heritage, contemporary art, the effects of the agricultural transition in this less examined region. and community outreach projects. In 2016, I took up the position The skeletal sample consists of 258 individuals, 237 of which were of Deputy Director of Collections, Research, and Exhibitions, at the associated with the Pottery Neolithic. The mortality profile reveals Corning Museum of Glass, New York. Alongside initiatives related high infant mortality, with 40% of the sample dying before the first to its permanent galleries and collections, I plan to develop traveling postnatal year. As first year postnatal survivorship is often predicated exhibitions, academic engagement, and heritage projects. upon maternal health during the gestational period, the sample was Sarah Kielt Costello (University of Houston-Clear Lake), “The Long examined for any patterns of morbidity apparent among females. and Winding Road While common indicators of ill health, such as cribra orbitalia, porotic I am currently in a tenure-track art history position, but am hyperostosis, and periostitis were observed within the sample, they simultaneously developing a museum-based project involving research, were generally infrequent, and more often associated with males or teaching, a conference, and a planned gallery reinstallation. While this nonadults. Thus, there is no direct skeletal evidence that would suggest project does compete with my research and teaching time, the work that female or maternal health was particularly poor relative to males. is valued at my academic institution, since it provides visibility to the Nevertheless, the high frequency of early infant death observed at Tell university and also creates opportunities for our students. In my paper, el-Kerkh, while perhaps expected for the period, does strongly suggest I will discuss how a seemingly winding path, from archaeology to the presence of multiple stressors of maternal health, such as limited anthropology to art history; from stay-at-home mom to mom-away- dietary resources and, perhaps more importantly, culturally embedded in-the-field; and from long-term adjunct to tenure-track, has in fact expectations of high fertility. brought me back to the very questions and topics that have interested Brenda J. Baker (Arizona State University) and Katelyn L. Bolhofner me since graduate school. By embracing unexpected career turns, I (Arizona State University), “Archaeological and Historical Evidence also found unexpected opportunities. of Leprosy in the Circum-Mediterranean Region” Jeanne Marie Teutonico (Getty Conservation Institute), “Careers in Recent DNA research on Mycobacterium leprae has suggested a the Conservation of Cultural Heritage” link between Middle Eastern and medieval European strains of the The world’s cultural heritage is extremely diverse in expression, pathogen. This suspected connection requires a critical review of scale, and materiality. Equally diverse are the knowledge and skills the archaeological and historical evidence of leprosy throughout the required to conserve this heritage in ways that are sustainable and Near East and circum-Mediterranean region. Leprosy is suggested by meaningful for future generations. Of course, conservation does some to have occurred in the Near East as early as 2700–2300 B.C., involve the repair and retention of physical fabric, but not divorced but this contention is problematic. In this paper, purported cases from a consideration of the cultural, social, and political forces that and recent bioarchaeological research on leprosy in the region are both created it and continue to affect the way it is valued, cared for, and reviewed. Frequent explanations for the spread of leprosy throughout used. If anything, the risks to heritage have only become more acute in the Mediterranean region, including conquests of Alexander the Great recent decades through factors such as conflict and political instability, (356–323 B.C.), movement of Roman Imperial soldiers (264 B.C.–A.D. rapid urbanization, climate change and diminishing resources for 11), and travels of the Crusaders (A.D. 1095–1291), are evaluated. heritage conservation generally. Finally, social attitudes toward those afflicted are examined. Miller and By its nature then, conservation is an interdisciplinary Nesbitt’s (2014) review of historical documentation from the Byzantine undertaking that requires technical and scientific skill but also the Empire indicates that leprosy sufferers were not reviled but were ability to work across boundaries, to communicate with a variety of thought to have been blessed. In Cyprus, historical records concerning audiences, and to arrive at negotiated solutions. This presentation will leprosy also demonstrate that stigma and forced segregation are recent discuss the various professional profiles involved in the conservation phenomena. This work contributes to understanding the evolution of both built heritage and museum collections, the background and and dissemination of the pathogen, and the social attitudes toward academic training required to achieve recognized competence, and the afflicted individuals outside northern and western Europe.

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Lesley A. Gregoricka (University of South Alabama), Jaime Ullinger Susan Guise Sheridan (University of Notre Dame), Jorge Rivera (Quinnipiac University), and Susan Guise Sheridan (University of (University of Notre Dame), and Katherine Portman (University Notre Dame), “Status, Power, and Place of Burial at Early Bronze of Notre Dame), “Bioarchaeology of Prayer: Repetitive Motion Age Bab adh-Dhra‘: A Biogeochemical Comparison of Charnel Disorders Associated with Excessive Genuflection at the Byzantine House Human Remains” St. Stephen’s Monastery, Jerusalem” Early Bronze Age Bab adh-Dhra‘ is well known for the appearance Previous bioarchaeological analysis of the lower limbs of of rectilinear charnel houses during EB II–III (3100–2300 B.C.) in adult monks from Byzantine St. Stephen’s in Jerusalem supports association with the site’s walled settlement and presumably larger, a biomechanical model for excessive kneeling. Squatting facets of more densely settled population. The relationship among the hundreds the talus, tibia and femur; calcaneus, tibia, femur and innominate of individuals contained within these structures is an important but musculoskeletal markers (MSMs); and degenerative joint disease of poorly understood component of Early Bronze mortuary ritual. It the lower limb clearly point to highly repetitive deep flexion of the hips, has been posited that different charnel houses may represent kin knees, feet, and toes of these monks. Regional Byzantine liturgical texts groups whose living members vied for status and power within this provide a possible cause–genuflecting several hundred times a day. urban center, in part by using the burial structures themselves as Prior detailed analyses of adult vertebral Schmorl’s nodes (thoracic: symbols of ancestral authority. If these charnel houses reflected social n=386; lumbar: n=454), osteoarthritis (cervical: n=321; thoracic: status within Bab adh-Dhra‘, it follows that their members may have n=302; lumbar: n=270), and lipping (cervical: n=160; thoracic: n=322; engaged in disparate activities. Here, the hypothesis that differences lumbar: n=587) showed no significant upper body involvement. This in mobility and dietary intake characterized the inhabitants of these study analyzed features of the upper limb, including lipping of the different structures because of social status was tested by examining costoclavicular ligament attachment and pectoralis major origin on the strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and carbon (δ13C) isotope values from human the clavicles (n=143), humeral MSMs (n=98) associated with deltoid dental enamel from two charnel houses: A22 (n=14) and A55 (n=7). and pectoralis major muscle insertions, and proximal and distal ulnar Individuals interred in A22 displayed strontium (0.70826 ± (n= 66) and radial (n= 58) involvement. Costoclavicular ligament 0.00013, 1σ) and carbon (-13.5 ± 0.3‰, 1σ) isotope values that differed attachment pathologies were scored visually, as well as mapped using significantly (Sr: U=74, z=-1.8, p=0.03; C: U=84.5, z=-2.6, p=0.005) a Microscribe for Procrustes analysis of shape variation (n=96), to from those housed in A55 (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70834 ± 0.00002; δ13C = -13.1 test whether they were using their arms to rise from a flexed position. ± 0.3‰). These preliminary findings suggest that the people within The combined results showed greater involvement of the right arms, A22 consumed a more variable diet and may have engaged in a more associated with protraction of the shoulder and abduction/medial mobile lifestyle, supporting the hypothesis that these charnel houses rotation of the humerus (p>0.05), along with pronation of the forearm. may represent distinct social and/or kin groups. These results indicate that the monks were using their right arms to rise from the near kneeling position repeatedly, thus adding to the Kirsi O. Lorentz (The Cyprus Institute), “Complex Ancient reconstruction of genuflection. Knowledge of Human Anatomy: Revolutionizing Our Understanding of Chalcolithic Mortuary Practices in Cyprus” 8C. Archaeology of Iran II This paper focuses on the revolutionary changes in our understandings of Chalcolithic mortuary practices in Cyprus produced CHAIR: Holly Pittman (University of Pennsylvania), Presiding by the first-ever detailed positional analyses of human skeletal remains conducted on the island. This research took place at the Chalcolithic David Stronach (University of California, Berkeley), “Lost or Found? cemetery site of Souskiou-Laona. The development and execution of The Missing Face of Cyrus the Great” detailed recording, recovery, and analytical methodologies resulted For well over a hundred years, ever since the first serious in the discovery of previously unknown and complex manipulations archaeological activities began to be take place at Pasargadae, the of human bodies and remains, as well as in the discovery of highly capital and last resting place of Cyrus the Great (reigned 559–530 complex anatomical knowledge in the past. The rocky outcrop of B.C.E.), there has been a lively interest in trying to discover the way Souskiou-Laona contains Middle Chalcolithic bottle-shaped rock-cut in which the founder of the Achaemenid empire might have chosen shaft tombs, with burial layers containing multiple individuals. The to represent himself. Unfortunately, however, all attempts to find final deposits as recovered archaeologically point to the intentional an answer to this question have proved—until very recently—to be placement and arrangement of human skeletal remains and body unsuccessful. In the doorway reliefs of Palace P, for example, the most parts in various stages of decomposition to form highly organized and complete representation of Cyrus (who is identified in associated patterned bone stacks, accompanying one or more fully articulated, cuneiform inscriptions as “Cyrus, the Great King, an Achaemenid”) intact skeletons. The bone element and body section placement within is not preserved to more than waist height. Also, a popular belief bone stacks is highly patterned, with reoccurring features throughout that the four-winged guardian genius that stands in a doorway relief the cemetery, and thus it is interpreted as governed by consistent rules. at Gate R could be a representation of Cyrus is far from convincing. Further, these patterns in bone stacks, and the placement of extra No Achaemenid king is known to have been portrayed with a short limbs or extra bones on the corresponding limbs of the articulated beard, let alone with the wings of a supernatural being. But thanks individual skeletons, would have required, and thus indicate, a highly to a fresh examination of evidence from (1) the Cyrus Cylinder, (2) detailed knowledge of human skeletal anatomy. various doorway reliefs at Pasargadae and (3) the rock-cut relief of Darius I at Bisutun, a convincing case can now be made to suggest that

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Cyrus favored an already long-familiar, Assyrian-related type of “royal Mohammad Esmaeil Esmaeili Jelodar (University of Tehran), visage” that came to be echoed throughout the rest of the Achaemenid “Identification of Mahrūbān Port on the Northern Coast of the period. Persian Gulf” The Islamic records testify the efflorescence of maritime trade of Emily Wilson (University of Chicago) and Shannon O’Donovan Iranians in the Persian Gulf, which has been rooted in the Sasanian (Independent Scholar), “Itinerant Iconography: Travel and the period. The presence of important ports such as Obolla, Mahrūbān, Individual in the Persepolis Fortification Archive” Gonāveh, Sīnīz, Najirom, and Siraf on one hand, and the hinterland This paper uses machine learning data mining and network centers of Arrajān, Bishapur (Bay-Šāpūr) and Firouz Abad on the other, analysis techniques to examine the interplay between text and seal testify to this claim. Mahrūbān port, which is discussed in this paper, image in the Persepolis Fortification Archive (PFA). The archive was in commercial relations with other regional and interregional comprises thousands of tablets that record storage, taxation, and ports and centers, and was also connected closely with Sasanid-Islamic disbursements of food, livestock, grain, and other commodities to centers like Arrajān in hinterland. This port is situated 10 km from the people around the region of Persepolis between the years 509–494 port of Deylām. Before our excavations, what we knew about this port B.C.E. These tablets not only contain this extensive transactional was restricted to some early Islamic resources and occasional hints information—written in both Elamite and Aramaic—but are also in Schwarts’s and Rawlinson’s accounts. The sources pointed to the impressed with both the seals of the individual and the seals of the importance of Mahrūbān in maritime trade with centers in east Africa, various offices working under the royal aegis. Data mining allows for the Oman Sea, and Indochina. Information presented in this paper the quick processing of this data, unveiling relationships not otherwise comes from two trenches excavated at Mahrūbān in 2009. Trench A apparent via more traditional methods. and Trench B were opened at the center of the port and on the coastal This paper specifically looks at glyptic iconography, type of terrace. Ceramic comparisons show similarities between the recovered seal, and sealing practices within this archive through the medium assemblage and those from Suhar in Oman, Ra’salkhaimeh in the of travel to provide a holistic understanding of itinerant individuals Emirate, and Susa and Siraf. Ceramic analyses of characteristic and groups in the Achaemenid Persian Empire. Where possible, we specimens, such as Ware, Torpedo Jar, Turquoise-glazed Ware, and triangulate this information with the transactional data of the texts, Celadon, suggest cultural contacts between Mahrūbān with inland which gives specific insight into the individual sealers—their names, centers and ports around the Indian Ocean, the Oman Sea and even their destinations, and their purpose for travel—thus allowing for an China during the late Sassanid period to the fourth century A.H. intimate glimpse into seal usage. By tracking and considering these seal impressions and texts 8D. Recent Discoveries from the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon together, we populate the area around Persepolis with people, the time of year they traveled, their destinations, and the people and offices CHAIR: Daniel Master (Wheaton College), Presiding with which they interacted as they acquired supplies on their journeys. Adam Aja (Harvard Semitic Museum), “Ashkelon’s Philistine Mehrnoush Soroush (New York University), “Archaeological Cemetery” Research in the Urban Landscape of Askar Murkam, the Misr of Excavations within the Philistine Pentapolis settlements have Khuzistan” revealed a myriad details regarding the daily life of the Iron Age people Several major Early Islamic towns and cities fall under the that settled there, but have failed to identify any formal burial grounds category of Amsar (sing. Misr), i.e., military encampments which were for these new settlers—until recently. From the 2013 through 2016 developed into permanent settlements. As such, these sites would be seasons, the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon successfully excavated the best places to investigate the history of early Islamic urbanism. the first known cemetery of the Philistines. Despite the relatively Askar Mukram was founded as a Misr in the seventh century and small excavation area, the high density of burials produced a large grew to become a substantial city in northern Khuzistan in the Early number of individuals. While many graves were damaged in antiquity, Islamic period. Despite the fact that the city has been described in undisturbed remains revealed a variety of burial practices ranging all Early Islamic geographical accounts of the region, and despite the from cremation through built stone chambers containing multiple fact that the ruins of the city are conveniently located near one of the interments. Only a few meager grave goods typically accompanied main modern roads, it is surprising that no comprehensive study of individuals, but some exceptional burials included weaponry and the urban complex has ever been conducted. In addition, historic jewelry. This paper presents an overview of the cemetery’s discovery, aerial photos and CORONA imagery preserve landscape features such layout, and stratigraphic complexity, while illustrating representative as hollow ways and relict canal systems that might be related to the examples of each burial type. activities of the once glorious Early Islamic city. This paper present the preliminary results of a landscape study that seeks to use the data from Janling Fu (Harvard University), “Identifying a Philistine Burial survey, remote sensing, and textual sources to reconstruct the urban Assemblage in The Iron IIA–IIB at Ashkelon” landscape of Askar Mukram. While significant work has been done on burial practice in the southern Levant (e.g., Bloch-Smith 1992), to date little had been known securely about Philistine burial practice (though cf. Culican 1973, Ben-Shlomo 2008, 2012). The discovery and subsequent excavation of a cemetery at Ashkelon offers the opportunity to investigate for the

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first time a clearly identifiable Philistine cemetery with its associated on calibrated dates was modeled using Oxcal software. The results help burial practices. This paper discusses issues of a ceramic corpus or to refine the chronology of the Philistine cemetery of Tel Ashkelon. assemblage associated with the inhumations. While a wide range of burial practices was uncovered, some differentiation was variously 8E. Object, Text, and Image: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Seals, observed in the patterning between the Iron IIA and IIB. Following Sealing Practices, and Administration III an initial discussion of this patterning, the paper will then broaden the analysis by considering relevant comparanda, for instance that from CHAIRS: Oya Topçuoğlu (Oriental Institute, University of Chicago) the cemeteries at Ruqeish and Azor, in order to offer a preliminary and Sarah J. Scott (Wagner College), Presiding typology for Philistine mortuary assemblage during these periods. Katherine Burge (University of Pennsylvania), “Maintaining Sherry C. Fox (Eastern Michigan University), Kathryn Marklein Imperial Ties: Networks of Interaction in Northern Mesopotamia (The Ohio State University), Rachel Kalisher (New York University), Post-Shamshi-Adad” Marina Faerman (The Hebrew University of Jersusalem) and Patricia This paper examines the degree to which networks of political and Smith (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “The Contextual Study economic interaction developed during Shamshi-Adad’s hegemon were of the Human Skeletal Remains from the Philistine Cemetery at maintained after his death. In the early second millennium, Shamshi- Ashkelon” Adad gained political control over northern Mesopotamia, creating During the past three field seasons (2014-2016) of the Leon an important but short-lived territorial state, the capital of which was Levy Expedition to Ashkelon, under the aegis of the Harvard Semitic established at Tell Leilan (Shubat-Enlil/Shekhna). After his death, Museum, human skeletal remains have been excavated from the area northern Mesopotamia reverted to a number of small independent known as N5 that represent what is believed to be a Philistine Cemetery. states. The eastern Lower Town Palace excavated at Tell Leilan has To date, very little about what is known about the Philistines comes yielded a diplomatic archive dating from around 1750 B.C., only a few from the Philistines themselves in the form of their human skeletal decades after Shamshi-Adad’s death, which documents the final three remains. The research that has been undertaken during the past three rulers of the city. By this time, Shekhna’s kings controlled only a small years will provide a better understanding of who this much maligned part of the Khabur valley, although they conducted campaigns to the group of people was and from where they originated. A contextual south and east and negotiated multiple treaties ensuring diplomatic study, such as the one undertaken here, sheds light not only on the and economic relations. Some 200 impressed clay sealings found demographic data derived from the human remains with regard to the alongside this archive serve as the principal dataset for this paper. The age, sex and stature of the individuals recovered from the cemetery, glyptic on these sealings, which includes foreign iconography, are used but information about their health and disease from paleopathological to model networks of cultural influence, which are then compared to analysis, as well as non-metric analysis that may impart some genetic models of interaction described in the texts as well as data derived information about these people. The methodology employed in this from neutron activation analysis of tablet and sealing clay. This paper study included criteria from established bioarchaeological protocols aims to show that the political and economic networks co-opted or and standards. In addition to the biological profile, the careful negotiated under Shamshi-Adad were maintained to some degree by excavations undertaken at N5, allowed for interpretations of the burial subsequent political authorities. This work demonstrates the benefit customs of the Philistines. A great deal of variation can be discerned of using a network approach in investigations of imperial interaction, from inhumation burial to cremation burial among those buried given the capacity of network models to evolve according to temporal in area N5. Although this research is ongoing, despite some poor parameters. preservation of the material and occasional disturbance of the burials Emmanuelle Honoré (McDonald Institute for Archaeological in antiquity, a great deal has been learned about the Philistines. Research/St. John’s College), “A Chronological Perspective on the Bridget Alex (Harvard University) and Elisabetta Boaretto Evolution of the Manufacture of Cylinder-Seals and Sealing Practices (D-REAMS Radiocarbon Laboratory, Weizmann Institute of at the Dawn of Writing at Uruk-Warka and Susa” Science), “Radiocarbon dating of human remains from Ashkelon The excavations made in Uruk-Warka (Eanna) and Susa (Acropole Iron Age” 1) have provided two main corpuses for the study of early cylinder-seals We present the results of direct radiocarbon dating of human and and sealing practices in the southern Urukian sphere. The comparisons faunal remains from the Iron Age cemetery of Tel Ashkelon, Israel. of the conditions for their emergence and early development on Three preliminary samples (2 human, 1 goat) produced radiocarbon both sites bring a rather complicated picture, especially in terms of dates dispersed between 1300-800 calBC. It was unclear whether chronology. This paper will highlight the challenges that arise from the difference in radiocarbon dates is due to the true ages of the the comparison of the glyptic assemblages from those two type sites. It samples or the influence of marine diet on radiocarbon content. To could lead either to reconsider the chronology of the Eanna deposits better constrain the age of human burials and estimate the input of and discuss the opportunity to place it one step back compared to marine resources, we measured radiocarbon and stable isotopes Susa, or to revise slightly the scenario of the early developments of in additional samples. Eleven human and 4 faunal samples were cylinder-seal glyptics and the role of both sites in this scenario. chosen for analysis based on context and preservation state, which was evaluated by percent insoluble fraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry of the collagen. The effect of marine resources

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Vera Müller (Austrian Academy of Sciences, OREA–Institute of Luc Watrin (GREPAL), “Decoding the Seal Impressions from Oriental and European Archaeology, Department Egypt & Levant), Cemetery-U at Abydos (Egypt): Urukian Influences and Local “The Diversity of Sealing Practices in the Tomb Equipment of the Developments Between 3300 and 3150 B.C.” First Dynasty King Den at Abydos/Egypt” From 3600 to 3400 B.C., predynastic imagery burgeons on Building the hallmark of the First Dynasty in Egypt at the decorated pottery in the Egyptian Nile Valley. Around 3300 B.C., beginning of the third millennium B.C.E. in many respects, the the Egyptians seem to develop their imagery on new objects. reign of king Den also delivered the largest range in sealing designs Mesopotamian motifs are evidenced on prestige goods in the graves in this era. Preserved mainly in the form of impressions on a variety of leaders in the Abydos region in Upper Egypt. Among the funerary of stoppers and closures applied to different kinds of ceramic and furniture, jar labels seem to be locally inspired and hold the earliest stone vessels, bags and boxes, the preserved designs give important hieroglyphic signs. Seal impressions were also found, made on Nilotic insights into the administration of commodities that have in large- clay, with lively decorations or geometrical motifs. This glyptic was scale been deposited in tombs of the elite. The majority of designs refer attached to a piece of fabric on storage jars that contained wine—an to administrative titles, offices, estates, and names of officials together exotic liquid in Upper Egypt between 3300 and 3150 B.C. In this paper, with that of the reigning king, but there are also a few seals that in cultural traits from Uruk in Abydos glyptics will be highlighted. The addition depict commodities. While specific seals can be attributed to hypothesis is made that some seal impressions could mention the origin specific commodities, not all commodities deposited have been sealed. of the labelled goods with specific symbols or toponyms referring to This leads to the interesting question of in which way the unsealed the Nile Delta. It could suggest that the hundreds of wine jars from possessions were administered by the royal offices. the U-Cemetery elite graves at Abydos have not been imported from Another category of seals consists of depictions of the king different parts of Palestine with the sealing made at a border-post in performing a range of rituals that were only to a small portion Gaza, but maybe from the Delta region. As it is evidenced for other accompanied by hieroglyphic inscriptions. Especially these seals have times, these sealings seem to have been put on the jars when they were been very finely cut and usually scrolled on tiny closures so that only closed down near the production place. Yet, the Delta is a place where sections of the seal have been depicted. This leads to the question of traces of viticulture have been evidenced as early as the beginning of how important the complete representation of the image was in reality the fourth millennium B.C. (e.g., Buto I), a pivot region where many for the sealing practices. experimentations and cultural transfers happened.

8F. GIS and Remote Sensing in Archaeology Maria Victoria Almansa Villatoro (Brown University), “Six Recently Uncovered Egyptian Scarabs at Ayamonte (Spain): Eastern CHAIR: Kevin Fisher (University of British Columbia), Presiding Fascination in the Westernmost Phoenician Necropolis” This paper sets out to study the six Egyptian-like scarabs that have Alon Shavit (The Israeli Institute of Archaeology), Yuval Gadot been found in Ayamonte (Huelva province, southwestern Spain). Nine (Tel Aviv University), and Hai Ashkenazy (The Israeli Institute of Phoenician tombs have been uncovered since 2010 in the site of la Archaeology), “GIS Reconstruction of Ancient Lod Settlement Hoya de los Rastros, with six burials each containing one Egyptian Patterns” scarab, dating to the eighth/seventh century B.C. Two of these The city of Lod lies along the bank of the Ayalon River between the scarabs present carved hieroglyphs on their reverse with no linguistic slopes of the central mountain range and the coastal plain. The city has meaning, and therefore they were intended to invoke the protective constituted an important crossroads since the dawn of history. Despite qualities of powerful ideograms like Ra or Maat. The third scarab bears its rich heritage, most of the archaeological knowledge regarding the the name of the king Khafra. The fourth scarab has a carved human city is based on salvage excavations. These excavations were carried figure wearing an atef crown (a nonmummiform Osiris or a king out throughout the city in accordance with development projects wearing the atef?), a clear flail, and a possible crook. Thefift h artifact is rather than on the basis of a research program. In order to understand a Menkheperre Scarab with a standing human figure, which possibly the size and nature of the city of Lod in different periods we produced represents Thutmose III next to his cartouche. The sixth scarab bears a GIS map which, for the first time, presents all the excavation and the private name of Ptahhotep. The study of these scarabs found in survey results conducted in the city. The research is based on the situ is important to an understanding of the functionality of Egyptian results of 49 excavations conducted since 1951 and covers an area of objects in the Phoenician colonies: they were probably viewed as nearly 10,000 square meters. Additional data were integrated from 22 luxury items belonging to the Phoenicians themselves rather than survey sites as well as 30 historic structures. traded with native people. The presence of one Menkheperre scarab is Based on the analysis of the archaeological remains and the indicative of the widespread fabrication and diffusion of these scarabs location of the excavations, their size, and the various periods they eight centuries after Tuthmose III’s rule. Finally, the Ptahhotep scarab were inhabited, we were able, for the first time, to reconstruct the is especially interesting due to the extreme rarity of Late Period private settlement patterns of the city in each period as well as its spatial name scarabs outside of Egypt, which makes it a unique object in the settlement processes throughout history. According to our data, Lod is Western World. the only city in the ancient Near East that was inhabited during every archaeological or historical period from the Pottery Neolithic period to present time.

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Georgia Marina Andreou (Cornell University), “Coastal Erosion Christopher Fletcher (University of Arkansas), “Trade and Transport Management in Archaeology (CEMA): Recording Rapidly Vanishing in the Dead Cities” Antiquities in a GIS Environment” Despite the relative notoriety and incredible level of preservation Previous topographic, engineering, and to a lesser degree of the Dead Cities of Syria, fundamental questions of economic and archaeological research on the coastal environment of the island of subsistence viability remain unanswered. Based on the apparent Cyprus has demonstrated that erosion affects coastal site preservation wealth of ancient residents, some scholars have argued that these and threatens information regarding past trade and maritime sites relied on intensive olive monoculture to mass export olive oil to activities. The constant deterioration of coastal sites creates a urban centers, evidenced by innumerable large olive presses found potentially substantial disturbance to exposed archaeological contexts. in and around the Dead Cities. However, others have argued that This situation places significant stresses on local governments and the Dead Cities are simply the best preserved elements of the larger archaeologists to rapidly monitor deteriorating cultural heritage and settlement system in the region, and were mostly likely home to largely rescue information vital to future research. Based on this evidence, self-sufficient small scale agriculturalists, supported by evidence for we could argue that coastal erosion is a key factor when assessing the widespread cultivation of grains, fruit, and beans. degree to which a coastal site was used as a harbor, anchorage, landing This paper tests the logistical viability of olive oil transportation point and/or point of contact. from the Dead Cities to the distant urban centers of Antioch and In this paper we present a new research methodology employed Apamea. Utilization of Raster GIS and remote sensing data allows by CEMA, the coastal erosion management in archaeology project. for the reconstruction of the physical and social landscapes of Late CEMA is an interdisciplinary research initiative undertaken by Roman Syria. Least Cost Analysis techniques produce a quantitative archaeologists and geographical scientists from Cornell University. and testable model with which to simulate and evaluate the viability Through our collaborative effort we record the coastline of south of long distance olive oil trade. This model not only elucidates our central Cyprus with unmanned aerial photography every six months. understanding of the nature of long distance trade relationships We are also recording and geo-referencing eroding archaeological in Syria, but also provides a methodology for investigating ancient sections and subsequently compare imagery for calculations of annual exchange systems elsewhere in the world. Furthermore, this project land-loss in a geographic information systems environment (ArcGIS). allows for the generation of new information regarding sites that are Within the same environment we classify and compare satellite currently inaccessible to researchers. photography to examine the diachronic impact of erosion on coastal cultural heritage. Our data collection and comparison form the basis of an unprecedented record of coastal Cypriot antiquities, including Austin Hill (University of Connecticut) and Morag Kersel (DePaul photography, 3D models, and site risk assessment reports. University), “Drones and Looting: Site monitoring at Fifa, Jordan” Over the course of four years we have utilized low cost drones Anthony Lauricella (University of Chicago), Kathryn Franklin to monitor ongoing looting at the Early Bronze Age mortuary site of (University of Chicago), and Emily Hammer (University of Chicago), Fifa, Jordan. Drones provide an ideal tool for recording the landscape “Spatial and Temporal Analysis of Looting Patterns in Afghanistan at a high resolution enabling detailed change over time detection. using Satellite Imagery” They allow us to document the ongoing damage to this important Analysis of spatial and temporal patterns in looting and cultural heritage site. Over the course of our four seasons, we have destruction at archaeological sites has recently become a focus of utilized 5 different drones and our workflow has evolved. This paper multiple research groups monitoring cultural heritage preservation will highlight the challenges inherent in using these systems as well as in conflict zones, especially in areas controlled by the Islamic State the results that demonstrate their utility. in Syria and Iraq. In this paper we systematically analyze spatial and temporal patterns of looting and destruction in regions of the Islamic 8G. Archaeology of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq II Republic of Afghanistan. The study is part of a broader initiative by the Afghanistan Archaeological Heritage Mapping Project at the Oriental CHAIR: Kyra Kaercher (University of Pennsylvania), Presiding Institute of the University of Chicago and presently focuses on Jesse Casana (Dartmouth College) and Claudia Glatz (University provinces of Afghanistan in which Taliban control has been strong over of Glasgow), “Exploring Settlement and Land-Use History in the the last decade. We present the results of monitoring a set of previously Borderlands of Mesopotamia: Archaeological Survey in the Upper known archaeological sites and additional sites discovered through the Diyala/Sirwan River Valley, Kurdistan Region of Iraq” analysis of aerial and satellite imagery. Using the time depth provided Since 2013, the Sirwan Regional Project has worked to document by high-resolution, time-stamped DigitalGlobe images as well as the rich and largely unexplored archaeological landscape of the CORONA and other historical satellite images, we investigate looting Upper Diyala/Sirwan River Valley and its tributaries, a study area and other forms of destruction at these sites. We examine spatial and encompassing diverse environmental and topographic zones. This temporal patterns of looting and destruction in relationship to changes paper compares and contrasts the settlement and land-use histories in the political and military situation in Afghanistan. Additionally, of the upland Zagros foothills and the lowland middle Diyala basins we discuss how these remote assessments of destruction fit within a in three distinct phases: the Neolithic/Chalcolithic, the second larger project of collaborative data collection in support of long-term millennium B.C., and the Parthian/Sasanian period. In early prehistoric preservation of the archaeological heritage of Afghanistan. periods, the southern basins produce a robust record of occupation

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indicating close ties with Hassuna, Halaf, and Ubaid cultures, while industrial expansion and urban sprawl, poses an even greater danger upland plains were sparsely settled and show a largely local material in many regions. This paper will discuss the current challenges faced culture assemblage with connections to the east. In the second by heritage managers in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, who have faced millennium B.C., the region became the focus of contestation and many of the same challenges in times of prosperity as well as austerity. conquest by surrounding imperial powers, but the spatial organization of settlement in rain-fed uplands and irrigated lowlands remained 8H. Archaeology of Lebanon distinct, even as the artefactual assemblage from both areas shows influence from southern Mesopotamia. By the Parthian and Sasanian CHAIR: Helen Dixon (University of Helsinki), Presiding periods however, the agricultural landscape was transformed through Hermann Genz (American University of Beirut) and Alison Damick the construction of large-scale irrigation works, corresponding to (Columbia University), “Renewed Excavations at the Early and a historic peak in settlement density, preserved today as extensive Middle Bronze Age Site of Tell Fadous-Kfarabida (Lebanon): Results ruins and relict field systems. The differing trajectories of change in from the 2014 to 2016 Seasons” settlement dynamics and land-use practices illustrate the complex The excavations conducted at Tell Fadous-Kfarabida between ways in which environmental constraints, agricultural technologies, 2004 and 2011 have provided fascinating insights into the development and prevailing political economies intersected in shaping the cultural and function of an early urban settlement on the Lebanese Coast. landscape. In 2014 excavations were resumed with the aim of providing Florian Janoscha Kreppner (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität information on hitherto little understood aspects of the site, particularly München), Andrea Squiteri (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität in terms of its earliest occupation and the settlement’s broader layout München), Tina Greenfield (University of Manitoba), and Karen and organization across the site area. Work was conducted in three Radner (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München), “Peshdar areas. In Area II, which was the main focus of research between 2004 Plain Project 2015: Investigating the Assyrian Province of the Palace and 2011, the remaining parts of the public/administrative Building Herald on the Frontier to Iran” 4 were excavated, and below it earlier levels reaching back into the This paper presents the results of the first excavation season at the fourth millennium B.C.E. were explored. Neo-Assyrian sites of Gird-i Bazar, a shallow mound of 1.5 ha, located In order to expand our knowledge of the layout of the early urban near the more impressive site of Qalat-i Dinka, in the Peshdar Plain, site, two new areas were opened. In Area III, located on the south slope Sulaymaniyah province, Iraqi Kurdistan. The investigation of these of the site, a monumental Middle Bronze Age structure and a large sites is part of the Peshdar Plain Project, directed by Karen Radner chamber tomb were discovered. Area IV, located at the eastern edge and Janoscha Kreppner, and conducted under the auspices of the of the tell, provided evidence for the Early Bronze Age fortification Raparin Antiquities Directorate with the support of the Sulaymaniyah system with a monumental gate. Antiquities Directorate. The project aims to uncover the ancient history This presentation will summarize the main discoveries of the of this area with a focus on the ninth–seventh centuries B.C. It was 2014–2016 seasons. inaugurated in 2015 after a 725 B.C. tablet was found on the surface of Tomasz Waliszewski (University of Warsaw), “Jiyeh (Porphyreon) Qalat-i Dinka, indicating this area was part of the Neo-Assyrian Empire and Chhim: Recent Research on Rural Settlements in the Sidon and possibly is to be identified with the Province of the Palace Herald, Hinterland” on the border with the kingdom of Mannea (Radner 2015). C14 dates Jiyeh (Porphyreon) and Chhim, two important and exceptionally confirmed the Neo-Assyrian chronological horizon. As part of this well-preserved rural sites in southern Lebanon, have been researched project, an integrated and holistic protocol for sampling and analyzing in-depth thanks to excavations conducted in recent years by a bioarchaeological data was implemented in order to recreate human joint Polish-Lebanese expedition. Ancient Porphyreon was a large and animal interaction, with a specific focus on the Neo-Assyrian village situated on the coast, north of the Phoenician city of Sidon. period within the larger Iraqi Kurdistan landscape. Furthermore, this Stratigraphy of the site extends from at least the eighth century B.C.E. project offers the chance to study the local pottery development, and to the seventh century C.E. Chhim, located in the mountains a few provide a chronological anchor that can help synchronize the western kilometers east of Jiyeh (Porphyreon), revealed a sanctuary from the Iranian pottery cultures with the Neo-Assyrian material. This is also a Roman period, a Christian basilica, a residential area, and numerous salvage project in an area undergoing rapid economic development, oil presses. Analysis of both sites leads to the conclusion that both which often causes damages to its archaeological heritage. sites contrasted significantly in building traditions, with Chhim more Allison Cuneo (Boston University), “From Prosperity to Austerity: attached to traditional forms of construction and Jiyeh more open to Cultural Heritage Management in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq” contact with other coastal Mediterranean settlements. Research also Cultural heritage has been an important facet of Iraqi society allowed a better understanding of the local economic system, with and politics from before the establishment of the modern nation- villages such as Porphyreon on the one hand providing for the city of state, and today Iraqis consider it a valued resource of national Sidon, and on the other hand mediating the exchange of goods with importance. Decades of armed conflict and civil unrest have inflicted rural settlements, such as Chhim, scattered across the mountainous severe damage to Iraq’s tangible cultural heritage, while looting and hinterland. the illicit antiquities trade remain a major concern for archaeologists References: working in Iraq. Unregulated development, primarily agricultural and Waliszewski, Tomasz, and Mariusz Gwiazda. “Porphyreon

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Through the Ages: The Fading Archaeological Heritage of the 9A. Methods of Historiography in the Study of Ancient Israel and Lebanese Coast”. Journal of Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology & the Levant—Joint Session with SBL Heritage Studies 3 (2015) 330–48. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/ jeasmedarcherstu.3.4.0330. CHAIRS: Matthew J. Suriano (University of Maryland) and Lauren Waliszewski, Tomasz, and Urszula Wicenciak. “Chhim, Lebanon: Monroe (Cornell University), Presiding A Roman and Late Antique Village in the Sidon Hinterland”. Journal of Ron Hendel (University of California, Berkeley), “Cultural Memory, Eastern Mediterranean Archaeology & Heritage Studies 3 (2015): 372– the Exodus, and the Conquest of Canaan: Biblical Archaeology in a 95. http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/jeasmedarcherstu.3.4.0372. New Key” Hélène Sader (American University of Beirut), “Wine Industry at The study of cultural memory attends to the intersections of Iron Age Tell el-Burak?” history, folklore, literature, and the social imaginaire. It is a study of Tell el-Burak is a site on the Lebanese coast, 9 km south of a culture’s fashioning of its past, rather than a reconstruction of past Sidon. The last excavation seasons (2011–2015) focused on the Iron events as such. Archaeology has a key role in this pursuit, since the Age settlement (eighth–fourth centuries B.C.E.) that is located on materiality of the past is central to cultural memory. This includes the the southern slope of the site. Among the important finds were an cultural meanings of domestic objects, architecture, cuisine, political enclosure wall, a cultic installation, and three main buildings. In one of organization, and landscape. As examples of the role of archaeology in the latter two large storage rooms, at least 67 amphorae broken in situ the study of cultural memory, I will address the biblical Exodus and were found. Outside the enclosure wall and southeast of the buildings the conquest of Canaan. a large, plastered basin was exposed on the lower edge of the slope. James Osborne (University of Chicago), “In Big Things Remembered: This paper will present the latest archaeological features exposed in Memory and Countermonumentality” 2015. It will then attempt to draw some conclusions about the nature Studies of ancient memory, or the past in the past, have of the activity that took place on the site in the light of the recently been proliferating dramatically in recent years, attesting to the exposed basin, the palaeobotanical data, and the analysis results of the excitement the topic has inspired among archaeologists. Because amphorae contents. The presented evidence as well as a comparative deliberately constructed (or preserved) monuments tend to last for survey of installations from other Iron Age sites leads to the suggestion disproportionately long periods of time relative to other categories of that industrial activity linked to wine production may have existed on material culture, and thereby often find themselves in social contexts Tell el-Burak. quite removed from their original construction, monuments and Jack Nurpetlian (American University of Beirut), “Coin Finds from monumentality have featured prominently in these discussions. This Ancient Beirut: The Wadi Abu Jmil District” paper explores the various ways that archaeologists have deployed This paper presents 2,410 coins collected during the rescue monuments to substantiate larger theoretical claims pertaining to excavations conducted between 1994 and 2013 in downtown Beirut memory. I argue that, much like James Deetz’s “small things forgotten,” as a consequence of the post-civil war reconstruction effort in the monuments, or “big things remembered,” can sometimes serve as Lebanese capital. The interpretation of the coin finds retrieved from convenient entry points into understanding the nature of social stratified layers and corresponding features has shed new light on structure and cultural values, and how these change over time. This coin circulation in ancient Beirut and the region. The study has also is all the more so when monuments have departed from their original provided a better understanding of the social, economic, and historical social contexts due to the passage of time and become stranded phases of the city throughout the ages, spanning from the Hellenistic in a foreign time (and often, place). In particular, I focus on how period to the Byzantine era. monuments “out of place” become embroiled in what some scholars Previously, the coins collected from the Souks area, comprising have called countermonumentality, or attempts to grapple with the domestic and private sector of ancient Beirut, have been studied objectives typically outside the purview of traditional monumentality. and published. The current study presents coins from the Wadi Abu The paper begins with a detailed analysis of the Jackson-Lee monument Jmil district, represented by the hippodrome, baths, and theater, in Baltimore, a memorial to Confederate generals from the American thus the public heart of the city. The combined data from both areas Civil War, and then considers ways in which the lessons learned from has contributed to a more comprehensive understanding of coin that monument—and its subsequent countermonument—might be production and circulation in ancient Beirut and a better glimpse of applied in the ancient Near East. daily life in the city. Deirdre Fulton (Baylor University), “Memorializing Sacrifice in Text and Artifact” Ancient Near Eastern texts, including the Hebrew Bible, are full of significant moments of sacrifice. Yet when one examines the southern Levantine archaeological record, remnants of animal sacrifice reveal different patterns of behavior, specifically how these moments were memorialized. In this paper, I will examine the textual memory of sacrifice in relationship to the memory of sacrifice in the archaeological record. I will specifically consider the question, “What does sacrifice

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look like?” Through the interplay between textual and archaeological explore social, cultural, and environmental conditions to help create a memory, I will discuss the varied nature of sacrifice and its complexity biological profile for ancient populations. in the archaeological landscape. Nicholas Herrmann (Texas State University), Despo Pilides Anne Katrine de Hemmer Gudme (University of Copenhagen), (Cyprus Museum), and Yiannis Violaris (Cyprus Museum), “Material Memories: Ensuring Divine Remembrance in the “Bioarchaeological Studies of Hellenistic to Roman Period Tombs Pentateuch and in Aramaic Dedicatory Inscriptions” from the Ayioi Omoloyites Neighborhood in Nicosia, Cyprus” In the dedicatory inscriptions from Mount Gerizim, there is Commingled human skeletal remains are frequently encountered repeated mention of ‘good remembrance,’ which is requested in return during the investigation of Hellenistic (310–30 B.C.) to Roman (30 for the gifts dedicated to the deity. In this respect the inscriptions from B.C. to A.D. 330) period rock-cut tombs in Cyprus. In this study, Mount Gerizim pick up a version of a dedicatory formula which is we examine the human remains recovered from a series of tombs well-known in Nabataean sanctuaries and in sanctuaries in Palmyra, recorded in Nicosia’s Ayioi Omoloyites neighborhood, located just Hatra, Assur, and Sumatar Harabesi, where the phrase “for good south of the Paphos Gate along the Venetian walls. We present our remembrance” and the more common “may he/she be remembered methodological approach to these collections, which stems from for good” is widespread. This focus on divine remembrance in a ritual recent analytical advances for dealing with commingled remains from context is reminiscent of a number of Pentateuchal passages, where both archaeological and forensic contexts. Using a modified version of ritual objects and actions are described as “reminders” that are to be Knüsel and Outram’s (2004) fragmentation zonal coding system, we put in front of the deity in the adyton. In this paper, the relationship detail the results of our work highlighting the integration of spatial and between materiality and divine remembrance in the Pentateuch and quantitative methods. Preliminary results from three Ayioi Omoloyites in the “remembrance inscriptions” is explored and it is argued that tombs (Tombs 47, 48, and 49) are discussed. In total, 986 elements a combined analysis of inscriptions and text is a mutually fruitful have been inventoried with 89, 148, and 731 elements from Tomb 47, enterprise where the two groups of material each are able to enlighten 48, and 49, respectively. Minimum Number of Individuals estimates us about the other. based on zonal scores and demographic parameters will be presented and discussed relative to the three tombs. In addition, oral health and 9B. Bioarchaeology of the Near East II dental morphology traits are compared to recent health studies and biodistance research on Hellenistic and Roman burial samples on CHAIR: Lesley A. Gregoricka (University of South Alabama), Cyprus and beyond. Specifically, we compare dental morphological Presiding trait frequencies from 110 individual teeth to a series of Hellenistic- Roman and Venetian tombs recorded in the Malloura Valley south Kristina Reed (La Sierra University) and Karimah Kennedy- of Nicosia. Implications of these biodistance relationships will be Richardson (University of California, Riverside), “Aging Ancient discussed relative to historical data concerning Cypriot population Human Remains from the EB IB Dolmen at Tall al-‘Umayri, Jordan movements and regional interactions from the Hellenistic to Venetian During the 1994 excavations at the Madaba Plains Project site Period. of Tall al-‘Umayri a megalithic dolmen dating to the EB IB (ca. 3000 B.C.E.) was unearthed in Field K. One of a handful of known intact Daniella Tarquinio (Quinnipiac University), Jaime Ullinger dolmens found in the Levant, this dolmen contained the remains of (Quinnipiac University), Gerald Conlogue (Quinnipiac University), approximately 20+ individuals, faunal remains, and grave goods. A and Ramon Gonzalez (Quinnipiac University), “A Radiological and joint project involving La Sierra University, University of California Macroscopic Reassessment of Pathology in Skeletons from Tell el- (UC) Riverside, UC Irvine, UC San Diego, and UCLA is conducting Hesi” multi-disciplinary research on the dolmen’s human remains involving Excavations from 1977 to 1983 at Tell el-Hesi uncovered an archaeology, bioarchaeology, aDNA, and C14 dating. In the process Ottoman-period (ca. 1400–1800 C.E.) cemetery with over 400 of determining the minimum number of individuals, sex, and burials. Most of the individuals were reburied after excavation, but pathologies, the problem of assessing age has presented itself. The Tall the archaeological team curated approximately 50 partial skeletons al-‘Umayri collection has fused long bones that appear to be adult yet for further investigation. A medical doctor working with the project, they are small and petite, and large long bones with visible fusion lines Dr. Kenneth Eakins, provided osteological analysis. In 2015, new that are assuredly not subadult, making it difficult to confidently assess techniques were utilized to assess previous pathological descriptions. age using the usual indicators. Of the partial skeletons available, eight individuals were chosen for By comparing Tall al-‘Umayri with other comparative sites, such further examination based on macroscopic examination of possible as Bab adh-Dhra‘ which recorded a similar age- and sex-estimation pathology identified in the original publication. The presence of healed, difficulty, we can determine what skeletally defines an individual as healing, active and/or woven bone was observed macroscopically subadult or adult and what identifies “childhood” in a skeleton and along with X-rays and CT scans in four of the eight skeletons. The assign ages to individuals. We also want to take into consideration other four samples had markings and damage more likely due to the effect nutritional deficiencies, diseases, and work-related stress animal manipulation and/or other taphonomic factors. Of those with have on a skeleton that may affect bone growth and maturation. The pathological lesions, differential diagnoses were also altered using these remains from the Tall al-‘Umayri dolmen present an opportunity to new approaches. For example, a cranial sample previously identified as having a case of tuberculosis was given a probable diagnosis of

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eosinophilic granuloma. This research highlights the importance of effectively had little impact on the lived experience aside from the repeated study of pathological indicators, especially as new technology possible reassignment of daily chores. becomes available. 9C. Israel’s Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective Kathryn E. Marklein (Ohio State University) and Sherry C. Fox CHAIRS: Thomas Schneider (University of British Columbia), (Arizona State University), “Between the Red River and Pontic Way: Larry Geraty (La Sierra University), Thomas E. Levy (University of Bioarchaeological Research in the Roman Period Black Sea Region, California, San Diego), and Brad C. Sparks (Archaeological Research Turkey” Group, Los Angeles/San Diego) Until recently, bioarchaeological studies in Turkey have primarily focused on western and southwestern region expanses. In the Black Thomas Schneider (University of British Columbia), “The Names of Sea region, bioarchaeological research has been virtually absence Moses: Assessing Their Meaning and the Exodus Narratives” from archaeological corpuses and research projects. As an economic It has become common opinion that the name “Moses,” explained highway throughout history, this region has experienced major by a popular etymology in the Hebrew text, is an Egyptian name from sociopolitical, and accompanying sociocultural, transformations with the root msj, “to give birth,” either the shortened form of a sentence the introduction and departure of various empires and ruling powers. name like Ramose, “(a statue of) Ra has been created,” or the word Specifically, during the Roman period (first century B.C.E. through msw, “child.” It will be shown that this interpretation cannot be upheld fourth century C.E.), annexation of the Black Sea region increased and that alternative options need to be considered. Beyond the proper trade and cultural interactions with the western provinces. In addition name preserved in the biblical text, some of the exodus narratives to the transport of people and goods was the transport of pathogens. At preserved in Classical sources contain other names for Moses, such the necropolis of Oymaağaç, the presence of several mass graves attests as “Tisithen” in Chaeremon. This paper will look at the etymology of to the local community’s probable exposure and susceptibility to one these names within the context of the narratives that preserve them, or more of these pathogenic agents. Comparing the human remains and demonstrate their significance for the history and growth of the from these catastrophic mass burials with individuals from the more exodus theme. attritional, multigenerational graves allows us to identify possible Alison Acker Gruseke (Yale University), “Moses the Mesopotamian: biological and cultural factors, which contributed to increased risk of The Birth of Moses, Social Space and the Formation of Israelite mortality. Overall, current bioarchaeological work on human skeletal Identity” remains from Roman period mass and multigenerational burials at Past attempts to locate Israel’s Exodus within a secure historical Oymaağaç-Nerik provides the first comprehensive study of human framework have been—and remain—fraught with both fascination behavior, as well as local effects and responses to Roman rule, within and difficulty. Proposals for the literary development of the canonical the ecological, sociopolitical, and cultural landscape of northern Book of Exodus, problematic already in Wellhausen’s day, have Turkey. proliferated, and traditional source critical methodologies have ceded Margaret A. Judd (University of Pittsburgh) and Allison Gremba heuristic space to newer proposals in which the number, character, (University of Pittsburgh), “Hear No Evil: Middle Ear Disease among and date of traditions and literary sources differ substantially from the Byzantine Monastics at Mount Nebo, Jordan” scheme originally conceived in the documentary hypothesis. Middle ear disease (MED) is a common human affliction that Not under debate, however, is the importance of the exodus may result in hearing impairment and disability, notably hearing loss, in the formation of Israelite identity: the ideological centrality of which may inhibit communication, learning, and lower productivity, Israel’s emergence from oppression and its birth as a people stand depending on social circumstances. Temporal bones from adult males virtually unopposed—twinned certainties afloat on a sea of questions. (MNI=43) communally interred in the Robebus Chapel crypt at Mount Frequently adduced also is the story of Moses’s birth as an adaptation Nebo (Jordan) were analyzed by visual, endoscopic, and microscopic of the cuneiform narrative about Sargon of Akkad, a third millennium investigation for evidence of MED. Mastoid hypocellularity (47%), monarch whose memory became paradigmatic for Mesopotamian ear ossicle osteonecrosis (33%) and stapedial footplate fixation (SFF, kingship and, through the canonization of the Sargon oeuvre overall, 2.8%), indicated that MED was present. The two individuals with for Mesopotamian identity as well. According to this transcultural SFF most likely experienced severe hearing loss, while those with transmission history, hybridity underlies Israelite unity. other indicators of MED would experience slight to moderate hearing As a way forward, the current proposal places the transmission of loss. Under most circumstances, hearing loss could pose problems the Sargon Birth Legend amidst the post-722 refugee crisis. Employing for the individual and their many social relationships. However, for recent geographical and space critical modes of inquiry, it takes those committed to Christian monastic life, this was not the case. seriously the physical displacements that characterize the Moses birth Christian monasticism, known for its devotional serenity and strict story and proposes the nexus of place and identity as a productive observation of silence to avoid the excesses and potential harmfulness vantage point from which to explore the meaning and durability of of unnecessary conversation, provided a unique social context where this narrative. The disruptions of Israelite society under Assyrian hearing played little if any role in daily practice; communication hegemony are represented in spatial terms, with narrative movements relied on non-audible cues, such as hand signals, nods and other through physical space representing shifts in social identity amidst gestures. Hearing loss, whether due to disease or aging, may have gone looming threats of extinction. completely undetected by the affected individual and their peers, and

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David Falk (University of British Columbia), “Ritual Processional 9D. Glass in the Ancient Near East Furniture as Context for the Ark of the Covenant: An Egyptological Perspective” CHAIRS: Katherine Larson (Corning Museum of Glass) and Carolyn Scott Noegel published a paper in Israel’s Exodus in Swan (University College London–Qatar) Transdisciplinary Perspective that suggested that the ark of the Andrew Shortland (Cranfield University),Katherine Eremin covenant developed out of a context of Egyptian sacred barques and (Harvard Art Museums), Patrick Degryse (Katholieke Universiteit the fertility rites of the Ptah-Sokar-Osiris cultus. Noegel’s suggestion Leuven), Susanna Kirk (Cranfield University) and Marc Walton that the ark has an Egyptian origin is not new, having originated at (Northwestern University), “The Origins of Glass: The Near East or least as early as Vigouroux in 1926, and Noegel interacts well with the Egypt?” biblical literature and competing theories, but has sparse engagement Glass first occurs on a regular basis in the archaeological record of with the Egyptian material. My Ph.D. research laid the foundation for both Egypt and the Near East from the sixteenth century B.C. onward, advanced iconographic study and proposed an improved theoretical but the exact geographical source for the discovery of glassmaking framework for studying ritual processional furniture, i.e., furniture remains a question of debate. The traditional view is that glass that has a religious purpose and is taken on procession or parade. manufacture and working was discovered in the Near East, but this has That previous research found that ritual processional furniture could been heavily influenced by evidence from the single site of Nuzi (near act as sacralizing converters that transcended liminal thresholds, modern Kirkuk, Iraq). This paper discusses new analyses of glass from taking profane objects and ritually transforming them into objects fit Nuzi and elsewhere in the Near East, and from contemporary Egyptian for ritual service. This paper builds upon that previous work and will sites, including Malkata and Amarna. It uses the more modern dating compare the ark’s iconographic features and ritual aspects with the of strata at Nuzi, combined with research into the glassworking three classes of Egyptian ritual processional furniture (chests, barques, technologies employed. This shows that the Nuzi glassmaking is not and palanquins). The paper attempts to derive a deeper understanding only later than described in most conventional histories of glass, but of the ark of the covenant as a kind of ritual processional furniture the technology is also distinct from Egyptian glassmaking. The Nuzi and finds that its proposed Sitz im Leben is congruent with the glassmakers were consciously copying Egyptian trailed and marvered archaeological record. vessels, but had a limited color palette and relatively poor command of Manfred Bietak (Austrian Academy of Sciences), “Sojourn and glassworking, rather than leading the way in this style and technology. Exodus from an Egyptological Perspective” The evidence of where the earliest glass might have been produced will The repetitive settlement of immigrants of the ancient Near East be reexamined showing that Egypt has at least as much a claim as the in the border regions of the eastern Nile Delta brought about Semitic Near East. toponyms in Egyptian frontier territory such as the Qantara region Eduardo Escobar (University of California, Berkeley), “Glass- and especially the area of the Wadi Tumilat. These Semitic toponyms Making as Scribal Craft” were used even by the Egyptian administration and can be taken as Cuneiform technical recipes—including Assyrian and Babylonian evidence that such regions were settled by Semitic speaking people. tablets that provide detailed instructions for producing glass that Some of these toponyms seem to go back to the time when the Hyksos imitates precious stones—present an untapped resource for the ruled, but most of them date to the Ramesside period. The question is study of early technical language, as well as conceptual discussions now who were these people that created these toponyms? This paper of technical knowledge. While previous studies have emphasized the will take into account archaeological and geographical evidence to practical content of cuneiform procedural recipes and have attempted approach this question. to reproduce Assyrian glass from the instructions contained therein, Brad C. Sparks (Archaeological Research Group, Los Angeles-San I will argue that the central aim of the glassmaking texts is ultimately Diego), “Exodus Historicity: Beginning a Reevaluation” linguistic: glassmaking recipes are the products of a scribal matrix and New developments affecting the question of the historicity of the only indirect windows into ancient craft. Exodus were presented by a diverse group of international scholars This paper will analyze the ways in which cuneiform glassmaking and scientists at the UCSD Exodus Conference in 2013. Old and new recipes can be utilized to examine scribal attitudes toward technical evidence of Egyptian texts and iconography uncovered in the last few knowledge. Rather than separating theory from practice—or in decades call for a major reevaluation of the historicity of the Exodus. the Classical sense, episteme from techne—the corpus of technical New scientific techniques of cyberarchaeology and computer modeling texts includes technological knowledge among the scribal crafts. enable the formulation and testing of physical models of the parting of Furthermore, lexical evidence suggests that scribal knowledge and the Red Sea and tsunami generation from the volcanic eruption of the technical knowledge are epistemically equivalent. Methodologically, island of Thera. Recent work on a possible Hyksos connection with the these early procedure texts may inform discussions of later intellectual Exodus pushes the date back to the time range of the Thera eruption. A traditions, including alchemical texts in particular, and, more generally, methodology of evaluation of historicity will be presented. the intersection of text and practice that characterizes the creation of a technical manual.

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Julian Henderson (Nottingham University), Simon Chenery (The Character Recognition. In order to propose exciting new possibilities British Geological Survey, Keyworth) and Jens Kroeger (Retired in language research, my paper will consider the technologies available from the Museum for Islamic Art in Berlin), “New Evidence for and how these can utilize advanced imaging techniques, while Glass Production and Trade on the Middle Eastern Silk Road” presenting brief illustrations of their direct applications to problems Our investigation is the first broad survey using major, minor, in Egyptian language. and trace element analysis of 8th–15th century C.E. plant ash glass from the Middle East across a 2000-mile stretch from Egypt to Nathaniel Greene (University of Wisconsin-Madison), “On the northern Iran. This area was part of the ancient Silk Road that Persistence of Tradition: The Impact of Late Bronze Age and Early extended from the Middle East, through central Asia to China. Up to Iron Age Epigraphic Evidence on Understanding Early Levantine now, some compositional distinctions have been identified for such Cultural Development” glasses, mainly using major and minor element oxides and radiogenic The composition and growth of the texts of the Hebrew Bible is isotopes. Our new trace element characterization is for glass an issue suffering from a limited data set. Scholars have undertaken a found in selected cosmopolitan hubs, including one where there is variety of approaches, attempting to triangulate dates of composition archaeological evidence for primary glass making. It provides not only and redaction for classical Hebrew texts. Opinions and conclusions far clearer provenance definitions for regional centers of production abound, each with their merits and flaws. Among them are those in the Levant, northern Syria, Iraq, and Iran, but also for subregional who wish to downdate biblical texts, particularly within the so-called zones of production. This fingerprinting is provided by trace elements Deuteronomistic History. Often, this is done on the basis of epigraphic associated with the primary glassmaking raw materials used: ashed finds hailing from an Iron Age cultural milieu in concert with relevant halophytic plants and sands. Even more surprising is a correlation and concurrent material culture. Some suggest that certain written between some of the subregional production hubs and the types of genres (like narrative) were not available to early Iron Age Levantine glass vessels with diagnostic decoration apparently manufactured scribes because their training had not yet equipped them to compose in or near the cosmopolitan hubs where the glass was found, such such materials. Such an approach, however, does not adequately as colorless cut and engraved vessels (in Iraq and Iran) and trail- account for the full breadth of data at our disposal. Simply put, a decorated vessels (in the Levant). This therefore provides evidence for lack of hard, textual data attesting to Iron Age Canaanite narrative centers of specialization. Our trace element characterization provides traditions does not immediately suggest that such a tradition had not a new way of defining the Silk Road by characterizing the glass that yet developed. This paper will assess Late Bronze Age and Early Iron was traded or exchanged along it. Taken together these data provide a Age epigraphic remains as products of the technology of writing and new decentralized model for ancient glass production. literacy during this time period. Further, it will consider the ways in which this technology could have spread throughout the Levant 9E. Ancient Texts and Modern Photographic and Digital and, concomitantly, been used to carry various aspects of Levantine Technologies cultural traditions to scribes in later periods. Finally, it will assess possible means by which the Iron Age Phoenician script could have CHAIRS: Christopher Rollston (George Washington University) and become “standardized” and how such standardization could impact Annalisa Azzoni (Vanderbilt University), Presiding the development/formation of local traditions behind such biblical characters as Saul. Christian Casey (Brown University), “New Frontiers in Language Research” Michael Langlois (University of Strasbourg), “Mobile Multispectral RTI and other imaging techniques have provided a wealth of new Imaging of Ancient Ink Inscriptions” information to scholars of the ancient Near East. While their benefits Reading ancient inscriptions is often challenging, especially when to archaeologists and art historians are often readily apparent, their the ink has faded away. Several techniques can be used to maximize value to linguists may be difficult to recognize. Many of the inscriptions the readability of such inscriptions; my paper focuses on multispectral being recorded using these new methods have long been available in imaging, and more specifically mobile multispectral imaging. Based published facsimile form, so it is not entirely obvious why a linguist on experiments made on dozens of ostraca from various locations would require a more detailed version of these inscriptions. Nor is it (notably Aramaic ostraca found during excavations in Maresha), I will immediately obvious that such sophisticated technology offers a better compare my results with previous similar experiments and discuss method for recording new inscriptions for the purposes of language methodological issues. research than any low-tech approach. However, along with these imaging techniques, advances in Annalisa Azzoni (Vanderbilt University), “New Readings from the Machine Learning offer exciting new tools to students of ancient Persepolis Fortification Archive” languages. RTI images, while lacking the sophistication of laser scans, The photographic recording of the Persepolis Fortification can still be manipulated to produce three-dimensional renderings of Archive tablets at the Oriental Institute in collaboration with the West inscription surfaces. These models can then be used to automate the Semitic Research Project serves the dual purpose of documenting task of producing the familiar sort of facsimile, or they can be used in the archive and helping the reading of the tablets. The enhanced even more advanced ways, some of which have never been formally photographic techniques have been invaluable, particularly for tablets proposed. For example, surface renderings of ancient Egyptian that are difficult to read with the naked eye due to their varied state inscriptions might provide the source data for a new sort of Optical of preservation, the writing technique, and the condition/color of the

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writing surface. This paper will present an overview of recent readings, Lucas Grimsley (Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary), mostly from the Aramaic monolingual tablets, known as PFAT, and Laura Swantek (Arizona State University), William Weir (University illustrate how these techniques have been instrumental in the effort of of Cincinnati), Christopher Davey (University of Melbourne), and reading and translating the data offered by this unique archive. Thomas Davis (Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary), “The Preliminary Results of the Fifth Season of the Kourion Urban Space 9F. Archaeology of Cyprus II Project” This paper will present the preliminary results of the Kourion CHAIR: Nancy Serwint (Arizona State University), Presiding Urban Space Project’s (KUSP) fifth season of excavation and geospatial survey on Cyprus. The goal of KUSP is to better understand the cultural Pamela Gaber (Lycoming College), “The 2015 Season of the and socio-economic changes that took place during the fourth–sixth Lycoming College Expedition to Idalion, Cyprus” centuries A.D. within cities on Cyprus, specifically through the The Lycoming College Expedition was in the field from June 22 excavation of Kourion, a city whose occupation was punctuated by to August 7, 2015. Work concentrated in the city sanctuary below a devastating series of earthquakes in the late fourth century, clearly the west acropolis palatial complex. In 2012 and 2013, we found the marking the transition from the Late Roman to the Early Christian earliest use levels of the temple, ca. 1200 B.C.E. This very early place periods. The focus of this paper will be on the 2016 excavations of a large, of worship may have been in with Late Bronze Age industrial works. possibly elite, collapsed structure displaying similar characteristics to To complete the work in the center of the sanctuary area, the focus other buildings destroyed by the fourth century earthquake and its of worship, we removed the last unexcavated material in front of the temporal and contextual relationship to previously excavated structures oldest altar in the temple. While the material to the south of the altar within the city of Kourion. Attention will be placed on understanding dated to the 11th century B.C.E., the material to the north revealed the pottery and other materials found within this collapsed building extensive renovations in the Hellenistic period. for contextual analysis with assemblages from other structures within The 2015 season removed remaining baulks in the western end of the city, specifically the Earthquake House. Further, the results of the the complex, continued two squares in that area, excavated Hellenistic use-wear analysis and reconstruction of pottery found dumped in a and Roman levels to the east and north in the sanctuary, and uncovered room abandoned sometime in the early second to third centuries will a series of floors dating to the Classical period, thus “filling in the be presented. Additionally, the preliminary results of our geospatial blank” in the chronological sequence of temple use, extending from survey in conjunction with the Cyprus University of Technology will 1200 B.C.E. to 700 C.E. be presented as we test noninvasive techniques to better understand Perhaps the most startling find was the discovery of the Roman the urban and natural landscape of Kourion. entrance to the sanctuary at the extreme western end of the excavated area, bringing the known extent of the city sanctuary at Idalion to 24 Ann-Marie Knoblauch (Virginia Tech University), “Plaster Casts of m x 42 m (We still do not have the eastern entrance to the temple). Cypriot Sculpture in 19th Century Collections” In 1887, Edward Robinson, then in charge of the Classical R. Scott Moore (Indiana University of Pennsylvania), “Late Roman Collection at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts, selected and purchased D or Cypriot Red Slip: An Examination of Form 11” plaster casts for display at the Slater Memorial Museum, part of the A question that has been recently resurrected is whether the campus of the Norwich Free Academy in Norwich, Connecticut. Such widely traded Late Roman fine ware currently known as Cypriot Red cast collections were popular at the time, seen as appropriate teaching Slip Ware is perhaps misnamed and should instead be referred to by its aids for Classics and fine arts students. Robinson assembled a collection original name of Late Roman D, which would reflect more accurately of approximately 150 mostly ancient casts, many of which are still on the lack of certainty over the location of its manufacturing centers. display today. Along with the “greatest hits” of ancient sculpture from While recent archaeological work in southern Turkey has discovered a major European museums, Slater’s collection includes nine works number of production sites for the ware near Gebiz (32 km northeast of Cypriot sculpture from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, part of of Antalya), chemical analyses of vessels discovered on Cyprus appear the Cesnola collection. These are the only objects from an American to indicate a production site of Cypriot origin on the west coast museum in the Slater cast collection. This paper investigates how these between the cities of Paphos and Polis. The location of the modern Cesnola casts made their way to the Norwich collection, arguing that town of Polis tes Chrysochou, built upon the ancient site of Marion/ in the late 19th century, when Cypriot antiquities formed the vast Arsinoe, only 260 km southeast of Antalya and immediately adjacent majority of the Metropolitan’s ancient collection, selling casts could to the hypothesized region of Cypriot manufacture, permits the site’s legitimize the New York museum in its early years. The Metropolitan ceramics to make useful contributions to this discussion. An analysis Cypriot collection had further need for legitimacy, as some of the casts of the Cypriot Red Slip Ware/Late Roman D forms discovered during for sale were from statues implicated in a contemporary libel case excavations in the town of Polis, and, in particular, an examination of in which Cesnola’s restoration techniques were called into question. some of the less common shapes such as forms 8 and 11 can help shed The court case made nearly daily headlines in New York in the early some light on the manufacture and movement of this Late Roman fine 1880s. Circulating plaster casts of the Cesnola Cypriot collection to ware by differentiating between the CRS/LRD ceramics imported from be displayed in regional and university museums beside casts of southern Turkey and the ones produced locally. This, in turn, helps masterpieces of ancient art lent additional credibility to a collection illuminate both the trade circulating locally within Cyprus and the publically damaged by scandal. commerce imported from Turkey to the northwestern coast of Cyprus.

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9G. Antioch: A Legacy Excavation and Its Afterlife Asa Eger (University of North Carolina, Greensboro), “Transformations of Urban Space in Antioch from the Hellenistic to CHAIRS: Andrea U. De Giorgi (Florida State University) and Alan Crusader Periods: The Pilot Project of Sector 17-O” Stahl (Princeton University) Presiding Since 2011, work has been underway on the further publication of the Princeton excavations at Antioch (1932–1939). An international Alan Stahl (Princeton University), “Antioch: A Legacy Excavation team includes both scholars who are working on the material and and Its Afterlife” archives and members from the Princeton community who have The excavations at and around Antioch-on-the-Orontes led by enabled access, funds, and space for the project to exist and continue. Princeton University began in 1932 and constituted one of the most Sector 17-O, excavated in 1937, was designated as a pilot area of the ambitious and potentially productive undertakings of classical and larger project and chosen because it was not published, did not possess medieval archaeology of the twentieth century. During the large- any mosaics, and is supposedly located at the crossroads of the city, scale excavations carried out from 1932 through 1939, a vast number at the edge of the Forum of Valens. It also has a long stratigraphic of objects were found, thousands of photographs and drawings were record of the city’s occupation and therefore acts as a microcosm of made, and a large number of archival records were produced. In 1939 larger urban transformations. 17-O began as a public space in the the transfer of Hatay Province in which Antakya (ancient Antioch) Late Hellenistic with a nymphaeum that was restored and continued is located from the French Protectorate of Syria to the Republic of into the Early Roman period into the second through third centuries. Turkey, and the outbreak of World War II the same year, brought a Around the fourth through sixth centuries, a series of shops on a sudden end to the excavation. Most of the finds and records were sent small side street off the cardo appeared that grew into two courtyard to Princeton, but only three volumes of postwar publications were houses with attached shops on side streets by the 11th century. In added to the three provisional volumes of reports published during the Crusader period, these houses were reused and subdivided and the excavations. became more industrial in nature with a kiln for ceramic production. In recent years, scholars have been reexamining the records of The 17-O project harnesses new studies on ceramics, glass, and small the excavation and the artefacts, maps, and photos associated with finds and situates these back in stratigraphic context using the archived them. This paper will serve as an introduction to the ASOR sessions notebooks, maps, and photographs. The transformations of this on Antioch, presenting the original goals of the excavators, the area are representative of shifts in Antioch and follow the trajectory problems they encountered on the site and at their home institutions, documented in other Greco-Roman cities, such as Alexandria. and the results as published by the original participants. It will then outline the work currently under way and the prospects of deriving Ani Eblighatian (University of Geneva), “A Tale of Antioch-Salamis: new information relevant to the interests of today’s archaeologists and What The Lamps May Reveal about These Two Cities” historians from this excavation of seven decades ago. This paper illustrates a comparative study of the lamps found during the excavations of Antioch (1932–1939) and preserved at the Gunnar Brands (Martin-Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg), Princeton Art Museum, with their parallels from the excavations “Antioch Revisited: Early Excavations and New Surveys” of Salamis (1952–1974) in Cyprus. The comparison is based on the The French-American expedition to Antioch (1932–1939) has typology and the iconography of the selected lamps, in order to left us with more questions than answers. In particular, topographical understand the influences between these two cities during the Roman questions still loom large. Starting in the 1980s, however, occasional and Byzantine periods. This study is a part of my doctoral dissertation steps were taken to fill with these gaps. Yet it was only through in progress at the University of Geneva under the supervision of a multidimensional archaeological survey (2002–2008), the first Professor Lorenz E. Baumer. A study season at Princeton University systematic project in the city since the 1930s, that all the data from provided me access to 700 lamps of the Princeton collection as well the site were garnered and reassessed in order to reexamine the city’s as the documentation of the Antioch excavations. My dissertation is historical topography between Hellenism and late Antiquity. This about the question of the Christianization of the daily life in Syria from research makes it now possible to formulate a new theory on the the second to the sixth century A.D. by studying the iconography of genesis of the Hellenistic city, one that firmly situates the “Orontes the lamps within their archaeological context. island” in space and ultimately provides a new chronology for the city walls; archival work is equally key to clarifying these topographical Brian Muhs (University of Chicago) and Tasha Vorderstrasse issues. The 1930s excavations’ diaries and logbooks are a trove of (University of Chicago), “A Funerary Association at Antioch: information; their critical analysis, now well under way, offers not only Contextualizing the Mnemosyne Mosaic” a valuable complement to the new topography, but also corroborates This paper will place the Mnemosyne mosaic from a Late Roman our understanding of both urban development (Forum of Valens, and tomb at Antioch in its historical context. It has been suggested that extension under Theodosius II) and single monuments. Lastly, these this mosaic, which comes from a tomb in the necropolis to the south documents shed new light on Antioch as a city of the arts through a of the city, depicts a funerary association. In addition to examining the variety of media, not least mosaics and sculpture. archaeological context of the mosaic, looking at the tomb specifically as well as other tombs in this necropolis, this presentation will examine the evidence for funerary associations and their development through time. Further, it will look at how this mosaic can be compared to other depictions in different media that show funerary banqueting and how

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the material at Antioch fits into wider trends. It is hoped through this Jarrad W. Paul (University of Melbourne), “The Leg Bone’s comparative approach that we will begin to understand better how this Connected to this Whole Zone: What Worked Bone Can Tell Us mosaic fits into mortuary rituals at Antioch and throughout the Late About Early Farming Communities in Northwestern Anatolia and Roman world. the Surrounding Region” The Neolithic way of life spread across the Near East, Anatolia, 9H. Prehistoric Archaeology and Europe through a complex series of trajectories involving people, animals, and material culture. An essential item in the Neolithic CHAIR: Yorke Rowan (University of Chicago), Presiding toolkit was animal bone worked into tools and objects. This paper addresses the worked bone, and antler, items during the Neolithic Yorke Rowan (University of Chicago), Gary Rollefson (Whitman period (7000–5500 B.C.E) in northwest Anatolia and the surrounding College), Alexander Wasse (University of East Anglia), Morag region. A typological analysis of the recently excavated material at Kersel (DePaul University), and Austin Hill (Dartmouth College), Uğurlu, on the island of Gökçeada, will serve as a focal point in a larger “Excavation and Survey in the Wadi al-Qattafi, Jordan: Results of the cross-cultural investigation of key sites north, south, east, and west of 2016 Season” the site. Work in this region is growing but lacks a systematic review In this paper, we summarize the results of investigations at Mesa and detailed examination of worked bone between sites. This much- no. 7, one of the numerous basalt-capped mesas along the Wadi al- needed inquiry centers on variations between tool types reflected Qattafi in the Black Desert of eastern Jordan. One other structure was in local adaption of generally homogenized forms. Overcoming excavated in 2011 by our team at Maitland’s Mesa (No. 4), one km terminological inconsistencies will also be identified as a major hurdle south, which revealed a Late Neolithic structure (SS-11) on the lower in this type of research. Results have shown an overall consistency in slopes. In 2015 we selected a similar structure covered by collapsed groups of bone tools, highlighting extensive connectivity in the region. basalt slabs on the southern slope of M-7 for excavation. Here we Variations on a site-by-site basis, however, reflect the social reality discuss the completion of those excavations and associated structures, faced by prehistoric agents at individual sites. This project is based on compare the recovered artifact inventory with the material from the my graduate dissertation on bone tool studies in Neolithic Anatolia, 2011 season, and summarize the aerial mapping of this mesa and the and the northern Aegean. Future research should concentrate on the surrounding buildings and features. role of these vital prehistoric tools within the larger material cultural Kathleen Bennallack (University of California, San Diego), Ian Jones record. (University of California, San Diego), Mohammad Najjar (JoScapes, Amman, Jordan), and Thomas E. Levy (University of California, Qader Ebrahimi (Tabriz University) and Michael Danti (American San Diego), “How Green Was My Valley: New Insights into the Late Schools of Oriental Research–Cultural Heritage Initiatives), Neolithic of Jordan” “Introduction to Hasanlu VII Period” After the discovery that most Jordanian “megasites” were Starting the Hasanlu Project in the southern Urmia Lake basin at abandoned between the Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic and the Late Iranian Azerbaijan (northwest Iran) is the beginning of archaeological (Pottery) Neolithic, where those people went, why, and how they studies in northwest Iran. In the Hasanlu archaeological sequence, survived afterward have been defining questions for researchers of the seventh period yielded material between the Pisdeli period (Late the Late Neolithic. Recent research in Jordan has shown that in the Chalcolithic) and Khabure Ware (Late Bronze Age). It should be noted seventh and sixth millennia (cal) B.C. numerous sites, some of them that the Hasanlu VII matrial synchronizes with the Kura-Araxes very densely settled, were founded in what are now arid and sparsely communities’ emigration into northwest Iran. Our knowledge for this inhabited regions, raising the question of how the settlers survived and period is inconsiderable compared to other periods in northwest Iran. why they would choose such inhospitable locales. The environment In this paper we attempt an overview of this period and present a map seems to have changed drastically in the intervening millennia, of the Hasanlu VII people’s cultural zone. however, and the quantity and density of recently-discovered Late Neolithic sites in the currently-arid regions of Jordan indicate that Joshua Walton (Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon), “The Late the ancient environment in what we now think of as the “periphery” Chalcolithic–Early Bronze I Transition on the Southern Levantine was capable of supporting many more people practicing more Coast: New Data from Recent Excavations by the Leon Levy diverse lifeways than it does now, and may not have been peripheral Expedition to Ashkelon” to anything. Combined with new Late Neolithic research projects The transition from the Chalcolithic to EB I along the southern in central Jordan, the Jordanian eastern deserts, and the Negev of Levantine coast is poorly understood both in terms of its date and Israel, this project shows that it seems time to overhaul our thinking its material culture correlates. Salvage excavations conducted in the on the Late Neolithic in the Southern Levant. This paper will present Ashkelon region have revealed greater continuity than previously preliminary results from test excavations of a large Late Neolithic site thought between the material culture of the Chalcolithic and EB I in the Faynan region of southern Jordan, as well as an environmental along the southern coastal plain. While excavations show settlements and archaeological survey, as a test case for how these now-arid regions identified as EB I through radiocarbon dating, these settlements may have supported dense populations in antiquity. contain material remains traditionally associated with the Chalcolithic period and lack signs of prior occupation. These discrepancies have

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called into question the ability to differentiate between these two Seeking for possibilities to approach this desideratum, a field periods based solely on material culture. survey season was conducted which was aimed to study “naturally Further analysis of the material from the Ashkelon region is preferred zones.” Preferred zones were defined by specific conditions essential to solve this problem. Previously, the earliest occupation of Tel that favor sedentary life and promote agriculture. Hence, a GIS-based Ashkelon had been dated to the Chalcolithic period based on limited, predictive modeling was created, based on criteria that cover aspects unstratified, ceramic evidence. No architecture pre-dating the Middle such as sweet water supply, geomorphology, topographical conditions, Bronze Age fortifications had been excavated, although significant and strategic advantage. Based on these data, the field survey was amounts of EB III pottery were found in fills. New excavations by the conducted and it combined modern prospection techniques such as Leon Levy Expedition have uncovered more datable assemblages that geo-statistics, Aerial Imaging and 3-D landscape modeling. further our understanding of this transition. The presence of extensive These highly promising investigations will help to gain insights EB I remains on the tel itself in the form of numerous storage pits into third/second millennium sedentary life in the Fujairah Mountains demonstrates the participation of the tel in broader regional dynamics. and into the life of the people who were settlers and suppliers in the These pits resemble the transitional Chalcolithic–EB I remains regional networks. at Afridar and Ashkelon-Barnea, both in terms of their material culture and the C14 dates. These findings allow, for the first time, an Eva Kaptijn (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences), Wim Van understanding of integrated regional settlement patterns linking the Neer (Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences), and Achilles tel and its surroundings. Gautier (Ghent University), “Between Fishers and Pastoralists: Animal Exploitation at ed-Dur (U.A.E.)” Alison Damick (Columbia University), “Preliminary Analysis of The early first millennium C.E. is still a poorly understood the Microbotanical Remains from Early Bronze Age Tell Fadous- period in southeast Arabian archaeology. Only a few sites dating to Kfarabida, Lebanon” this period have been discovered. Much of our knowledge is based This paper presents preliminary results of the analysis of on the extensively excavated sites of ed-Dur and Mleiha (U.A.E.). phytoliths and starch grains from Early Bronze Age occupation While the site of ed-Dur was already excavated in the late 1980s levels at Tell Fadous-Kfarabida on the north-central coast of modern and early 1990s, its faunal assemblage had only been succinctly and Lebanon. Sediment samples were collected across a wide range of incompletely analyzed and presented. Within the scope of the project activity areas and contexts, but this paper will focus primarily on the “Belgian Archaeological Expeditions to the Orient: Heritage in Federal results of samples deriving from storage and hearth contexts. Tell collections,” funded by the Belgian Science Policy Office, the faunal Fadous-Kfarabida is a relatively small early urban settlement (only ca. assemblage of ed-Dur has been studied in more detail. This new study 1.5 ha) but evidence from ten years of excavation suggests that it held a provides interesting results on the faunal economy of the early first significant administrative role in the agrarian economy of the Lebanese millennium C.E. and subsistence at the coastal site of ed-Dur. coastal plain. The microbotanical data allow for a reconstruction of This paper will discuss the animal exploitation and subsistence which plants were being used at this site, as well as a preliminary practiced at ed-Dur and attempt to place this in its wider regional reconstruction of how plants were being stored and distributed context. The exact character of ed-Dur is still debated. Opinions for use across the site over time. This contributes significantly to range from it being a site with a mainly religious function that was our understanding of early urban use and administration of the only seasonally visited by pastoral people to a permanently inhabited environment in third millennium B.C.E. Lebanon. port involved in trade and seafaring. What light the faunal assemblage can shed on this question will be reviewed. Finally, the relationship 10A. Archaeology of Arabia II between ed-Dur and the contemporary site of Mleiha will be examined from a faunal perspective. CHAIR: Peter Magee (Bryn Mawr College), Presiding Jennifer Swerida (Johns Hopkins University), “House and Household Kristina Pfeiffer (German Archaeological Institute, Berlin), “Where in the Umm an-Nar Period” Are The Settlements? A Survey in the Emirate of Fujairah” Building on foundations established by the author in the In the Emirate of Fujairah the archaeological remains of the late ASOR 2015 Annual Meeting, this paper considers the Umm an- third and early second millennia B.C. are predominantly characterized Nar evidence of the physical house and the social household it by large and elaborate T- and U-shaped tombs. These were probably represents. Household archaeology is a multifaceted and ever-growing used during a long time span and contained a high number of subdiscipline focusing on ancient domestic remains and their manifold individuals. The type, size, and construction techniques of the tombs socioeconomic implications. Among its many strengths, household indicate that they were the results of collaborative work and were used archaeology provides scholars with a remarkably flexible array of field by communities with a common cultural background. methodologies and interpretive theoretical lenses. Early Bronze Age Interestingly, this good state of findings is the opposite of the scarce settlements of the Oman Peninsula have so far only rarely received the archaeological situation regarding to settlements dating between the detailed attention necessary for a household analysis. Using the results late third through mid-second millennia that have virtually not been of recent survey and excavation at the UNESCO World Heritage Site of found yet. It is therefore mostly unclear how and where people lived, Bat, this paper discusses how the principles of household archaeology how the communities were organized socially, and how subsistence can best be adapted to fit the unique archaeological environment of the was ensured.

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Oman Peninsula and used to shed light on as-of-yet unseen aspects of people’s quotidian lives, consist? This study looks at the various social Umm an-Nar society. groups of which a household was composed. This includes children, adults, elderly members, and if there were extended family households Abigail F. Buffington (The Ohio State University) and Michael and how entertainment within these social groups related to the Harrower (Johns Hopkins University), “A Phytolith Reference larger village/tribal unit. Objects found help us correlate to which Assemblage for Agriculture in Al-Dhahirah, Oman: Results from social group a toy, e.g., belongs. But, merely because we associate say the ArWHO 2015 Field Season” a spinning top as being a child’s toy does not mean that this was true This paper presents analysis of phytoliths extracted from 34 in the past, just as it is not entirely true today. There was an overlap sediment samples collected during the 2015 Archaeological Water in usage. Culture is learned, including forms of amusement, and this Histories of Oman (ArWHO) project field season. Samples were begs the question: How did children in particular learn to play with collected from the surface of archeological sites, dating from the a given object or objects? Was there cross-cultural transmission? Neolithic to Islamic periods, as well as a variety of current and former Neither children nor grandparents, however, spend all their leisure agricultural fields and a few nonagricultural control samples. time playing. This research looks into how else people made use of Agriculture across the Oman Peninsula relies on the date palm their spare time. We are the product of those that have come before (Phoenix dactylifera) as an anchor species, but relatively little evidence us. It is important to know how (dis)similar we are from our ancestors of this plant, or other cultivars, has been recovered from archaeological and learn as much as we can about the past to better know who we contexts. Owing to often-poor preservation of charred seeds and are, where we are, and to where we are going. Religion was part of plant parts in the region’s sediments, ancient crops have often been people’s lives. Does this extend to games, too? We learn that everyone, identified solely on the basis of imprints in pottery or mud brick. everywhere needs a respite. Particularly from a botanical point of view, the transition between late Neolithic forager-herders and Bronze Age agricultural communities is Darren Ashby (University of Pennsylvania),“Beer for Ningirsu: thus poorly understood. Date and cereal phytolith remains have been Archaeological Evidence for Brewing at Tell al-Hiba, Ancient recovered from a few studies in the region, but the understanding of Lagash” phytolith assemblages and associated plant communities is still in its This paper presents the material evidence for brewing in an Early infancy. To assist in examining ancient crop agriculture in Southeast Dynastic III (2600–2350 B.C.E.) building from Tell al-Hiba, ancient Arabia, this paper analyzes phytolith assemblages to help establish a Lagash, and discusses the similarities and differences between the baseline reference essential for studies in archaeological contexts. brewing practices known from textual sources and those identified in the structure. In 1975, the Al-Hiba Expedition, led by Dr. Michael Harrower (Johns Hopkins University), Ioana Dumitru Donald P. Hansen, uncovered the remains of a multiroom building (Johns Hopkins University), Smiti Nathan (New York University), with a large oven, ceramic vats, and a baked brick basin, which the Abigail F. Buffington (The Ohio State University), Hélène David- excavators identified as a brewery. This building is located in the area Cuny (Independent Scholar), and Alexander Sivitskis (Johns of the Bagara, a temple complex dedicated to the god Ningirsu, and Hopkins University), “The Archaeological Water Histories of Oman is adjacent to another building that should be identified as a temple (ArWHO) Project: Results of Archaeological Survey and Satellite based on its form and contents. Imagery Analysis” The importance of beer in the political, economic, and social Water has played an undeniably important role throughout the life of Early Dynastic southern Mesopotamia is well known from human past across the Near East, yet the specific role of water in textual and visual sources. In contrast, archaeological evidence for the historical transformations, including the origins of agriculture and production and consumption of beer is very fragmentary. Textual and rise of complex polities, remains a point of wide uncertainty and visual sources from the state of Lagash, which included Tell al-Hiba, debate. This paper reports key results of NASA-funded research on document the involvement of temple households in the production ancient water histories, including fieldwork across the Al-Dhahirah and consumption of beer in a variety of contexts. The building from Governorate of northern Oman. These investigations have led to Tell al-Hiba serves as a complement to these other sources and it the discovery of numerous Paleolithic, Neolithic, Bronze Age, Iron expands our knowledge of brewing practices in antiquity. Age, and Islamic Era sites that greatly clarify long-term histories and geographies of the area. We also report results of innovations in Reed Goodman (University of Pennsylvania), “Modelling the satellite imagery analysis, including evapotranspiration mapping, and Cultural Landscape at Lagash in the Bronze Age” semiautomated detection of copper resources and irrigation-impacted Physical and social events have recreated the landscape of sediments. southern Iraq throughout its history. It follows that this emergent nature poses a problem for archaeological reconstruction: How do we 10B. Archaeology of Mesopotamia recognize and explain dynamic processes from a static material record? Agent-based modeling is one solution. Using prior survey data, time- CHAIR: Lauren Ristvet (University of Pennsylvania), Presiding series satellite imagery, and bathymetric simulation, this paper offers a model of intrasite change at the ancient city of Lagash, modern Rebecca Nicole Reeves (University of Central Florida), “Daily al-Hiba, during the Bronze Age. Specifically, the model explores Respites: We All Need Them” not the growth of a city, but the ebb and flow of proximate marsh Of what did entertainment in the ANE, especially as concerns in villages, negotiating recurrent floods and dry spells over the course

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of millennia. The results, first, provide an alternative characterization From 2008 to 2010 the Oriental Institute excavated the site of of early Mesopotamian urbanism at Lagash, but they also suggest Tell Zeidan, Syria, providing as-of-yet unseen evidence for a shift in an intersection of circumstances and strategies, in which a changing patterns of material culture that occurred during the LC 1 phase in physical, social, and political setting demanded adaptive responses the Balikh valley. This paper presents a new synthetic analysis of the from local communities. More broadly, the paper confronts a long- LC 1 as key to understanding the development of social complexity, held notion of Sumer as a superimposed but materially recoverable using evidence from Tell Zeidan to test the hypothesis that a diffuse “palimpsest,” waiting to be unearthed and understood. Instead, the leadership structure, opportunist economies, and improved social paper acknowledges and attempts to theorize the role of a volatile—and reflexivity replaced Ubaid-period systems. often archaeologically invisible—environmental niche, and therefore The paper concludes that the LC 1 was a period marked by argues for the need of dynamic models to establish new baselines and localized responses to gradual decline in socio-economic support for conceptual frameworks for an archaeology of wetlands and marshes, Ubaid political structures. These responses established a new paradigm not cities and states. of inter-regional differentiation that helped foster the development of formal social stratification evidenced by later societies. Paul Zimansky (Stony Brook University), “Ur’s Akitu, Tell Sakhariya, and GA.EŠ” 10C. Archaeology of Monasticism In Ur III Period, the New Year’s festival of the moon god Nanna was the most important event on the southern Mesopotamian cultic CHAIRS: Asa Eger (University of North Carolina-Greensboro), calendar. As part of it, the divine image was transported from Ur by Darlene Brooks Hedstrom (Wittenberg University), and Fotini boat to nearby GA.EŠ where various rituals were performed. Although Kondyli (University of Virginia) Presiding this site indisputably lies somewhere near Ur, there is no agreement on its precise location. This contribution reviews the textual evidence for Sarah Craft (Florida State University), “Monasteries, Pilgrimage, structures and other material evidence that one would expect to find and Settlement Patterns in a Late Antique Landscape” in an excavation GA.EŠ, and argues that they are consistent with what Late antique monasteries, like pilgrimage destinations, were a Stony Brook excavation recovered from the site of Tell Sakhariya in important points of intersection for multiple different spheres a five-week excavation in 2012. It was in many ways a very peculiar and trajectories in the early Christian world. Not only were they site with a surprising number of inscriptions of the Ur III and Isin- demonstrably integrated into the economic landscape and a relatively Larsa period, and very little evidence of permanent settlement. While permanent component of the inhabited landscape, they also saw a the case for identification with GA.EŠ remains circumstantial, the stream of visitors—some local, some long-distance—who occupied archaeology of the site in these and subsequent periods is interesting the physical space of the monastic complex, albeit briefly, but with for the light it sheds on Ur’s hinterland. profound notional as well as material impact. Like other forms of late antique settlements, monasteries were both conceptually and spatially Elizabeth Stone (Stony Brook University), “New Excavations at Ur” discrete areas of the landscape while also an inextricable part of it, The first season of a new program of excavations at Ur, Iraq was in connected both physically and notionally to the wider world through the field between October and December 2015. The aim of this program productive activities, religious activities, and travel infrastructure. is to further investigate domestic housing in the AH area, with the aim In this paper, I will examine posited monastic settlements in the of collecting data which would permit a comparison of daily life dating late antique landscape of Cilicia and Isauria in southern Asia Minor to both Ur III and Isin-Larsa periods of occupation. Four trenches as fundamental parts of the settlement pattern of the late antique were explored, two beneath areas already excavated by Woolley (under landscape. Arguments against identifying these sites as monasteries 1 Baker’s Square and Niche Lane) and two in new areas (one west and point towards villa or palace designations, raising the question: How one north of the excavated area). The excavations within the remains do we distinguish, archaeologically, between a monastery, a villa, of Woolley’s work penetrated down to Ur III levels in both areas, and and a settlement? How are those distinctions impacted by temporary reached Akkadian material in one, but were restricted in area due populations, like pilgrims? Drawing upon comparative examples to the higher architecture. New excavations explored late Isin-Larsa of monasteries in Asia Minor, Egypt, and the Levant, I will discuss levels. Data recovered include ceramics, animal bones, plant remains, Cilician and Isaurian examples of known and potential monastic sites objects of various kinds, cuneiform tablets, and the first piece of ebony as part and parcel of the impact of late antique monasticism on broader found in southern Iraq. patterns of settlement and movement.

Michael Fisher (University of Chicago), “The Development of Social Jordan Pickett (University of Michigan), “The Hydraulic Context of Complexity During the Late Chalcolithic (LC) 1 Period (ca. 4500- Monasticism in Late Antique Palestine” 4200 BC) at Tell Zeidan, Syria” The built environment of late antique monasteries is too often Until recently, the LC 1 period had been relegated to being viewed in scholarship through a lens darkly which emphasizes physical either the retrograded end of the Ubaid or a prologue to the LC 2. and spiritual separation both from urban settlements and broader Results from recent excavations in Upper Mesopotamia now permit trends in the history of society and technology. One recent alternative a fuller assessment, indicating a rise to prominence of ceramic mass trajectory in scholarship has assessed the integration of late antique production. However, alongside that change, many other facets of monasteries with rural productive and economic landscapes. This Mesopotamian society also underwent transformations. paper offers another alternative perspective, namely an assessment of

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the hydraulic landscapes and architecture of monasticism in fourth explores the archaeological evidence of Byzantine-period monastic and early fifth century Palestine. Utilizing hydraulic technologies complexes seen through the lens of long-term historical structures. traditionally associated with the Nabateans and villa rustica—large- Analysis of the long-term life of monastic complexes will reflect on scale rainwater catchments, diversions, dams, water-mills, cisterns, the impact they bore on the natural environment. Moreover, when and reservoirs—monasteries like Khirbet ed-Deir made the Judean observed through the lens of long-term structures, the archaeology desert a city. But, to follow the inversion popularized by D. J. Chitty of single monasteries displays the qualities of a complex texture and borrowed from the Desert Fathers, the city also became the forming an eccentric built environment. The Middle Byzantine period desert: monastic water technologies were exported back to cities like constitutes the presentation’s main chronological focus with the city Bosra, Jarash, and Caesarea Maritima in the course of the fifth and of Constantinople representing the starting point. Archaeological sixth centuries, where they became a standard component of episcopal analysis will also extend to the vicinities of the capital city, to the church complexes and thereby contributed to the changing image and Marmara seashore, and to some of the Aegean islands. function of the late antique city. 10D. New Research in Pre-Islamic Central Asia Giorgos Makris (Columbia University), “Making a Connection: Interaction between Monasteries and Environment in Byzantine CHAIRS: Jeffrey Lerner (Wake Forest University) and Charlotte Thrace” Maxwell-Jones (The Asia Foundation), Presiding The purpose of this paper is to examine the interrelationships between monastic communities and landscape (natural and manmade) Jeffrey Lerner (Wake Forest University), “The Silk Road Fortresses of in the region of Thrace, the western hinterland of Constantinople, the Vakhan Valley” from the 11th to the mid-14th centuries C.E. Material culture The Vakhan Highway, or Great Buddhist Road, situated along the and literary sources inform us that between the Byzantine capital Pianj on the upper reaches of the Amudaria, was one the main roads and the inner Balkan Peninsula a dense nexus of interconnected that ran through the western Pamir until the Arab conquest. It stands monastic settlements developed that conformed to their surrounding out for the cultural and historical role it played as a crucial link in the environment and permeated both rural and urban landscapes. transasiatic route allowing travelers to pass through western China in However, the political and spatial demarcation of Thrace among three the north and Afghanistan and India in the south. A series of fortresses modern nation-states (Bulgaria, Greece, and Turkey) has acted as an line the bank of the Pianj in modern Tajikistan. The region long obstacle that hampers the study of settlement patterns in the medieval populated by Saka tribes may have been part of the twelfth satrapy of period. By transcending these national boundaries, I will focus on the the Achaemenid Empire. types of location selected for settlement and sites of daily activities, Fortresses, like Yamchun, perhaps built during the Greek- such as agricultural production, building practices, and interregional Baktrian Period served as a bulwark against nomadic tribes migrating contacts. My methodology brings together the systematic analysis of southward. While the region remained part of the Greek-Baktrian textual and archaeological records with the results of my own surface kingdom either by conquest or by alliance, most of these castles appear survey, covering primarily eastern and western Thrace. This paper to have been constructed in the first century B.C.E. by the Kushans, but will showcase that the investigation of the monasteries’ whereabouts not against the possible encroachment of the nomadic Saka, but against pertains to the reasons for their longevity and prosperity. Ultimately, a more powerful foe, the Han Chinese. Only after peace negotiations my intention is to contribute to a broader picture of monastic life cycle between the Kushans and the Han General Ban Chao broke down and topography in the southeast Balkans, one that is not dominated by at the conclusion of the first century C.E. and with Chinese troops the presence of cultural magnets like Mt Athos, but rather incorporates amassing on the borders of the Pamir in Eastern Turkestan were the the less-known, modest and ever-common monastic settlements of Kushans compelled to move into the Tarim Basin. In doing so, not the hinterland. only did the Pamir remain in the control of the Kushan Empire, but this action also serves as the first historically attested use of the Vakhan Alessandra Ricci (Koç University), “The Byzantine Monastery’s Highway in antiquity. ‘Long Durée’: Natural Environment and Physical Spaces” Canon 24 of the Council of Chalcedon (451 C.E.) stipulates that: Emily Hammer (The University of Chicago) and Anthony Lauricella “Monasteries once consecrated in accordance with the will of the bishop (The University of Chicago), “Pre-Islamic Fortresses of the Balkhab are to remain monasteries in perpetuity and the effects that belong to River Valley (Northern Afghanistan)” them are reserved to the monastery, and they must not be turned into In this paper we describe and analyze the particularly varied secular hostelries.” The impression the Canon conveys is that already and dense landscape of forts/fortresses and fortified citadels in by the middle of the fifth century, interests behind the foundation of the Balkhab river valley of northern Afghanistan. Settlement here monasteries might have been unrelated to the alleged sacredness of the generally follows the various shifting channels of the river as well as site. Another important impression is that the role of bishops might artificial canals that cut through the desert. Published data, especially have been an important one, trying to prevent independent monastic Ball and Gardin’s Archaeological Gazetteer of Afghanistan (1982), foundation attitudes. In terms of the built environment, Canon 24 did describes many of the large sites in the region, but dozens of smaller, also imply that the monastic physical space was meant to be regarded undocumented fortresses and citadels dot the landscape. Our research as such “in perpetuity.” Thus, the Canon may have paved the way uses modern and historical satellite imagery to locate and categorize for what might be called the monastery`s “long durée.” This paper these structures. Many of these sites may be provisionally dated on the

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basis of architectural and taphonomic comparison to excavated sites Charlotte Maxwell-Jones (The Asia Foundation), “Greek Material and on the basis of their spatial association with geomorphologically Culture at Ai Khanoum and Bactra” dated water channels. Study of the distribution and spatial patterning Ai Khanoum, Afghanistan has yielded some of the more surprising of these forts not only fills the gaps in our knowledge of the region and and clearly Hellenistic material ever found in Central Asia, despite not its changing settlement patterns, but also allows us to track changes in being a capital city. Bactra, the Achaemenid and Hellenistic capital of various pre-Islamic polities’ maintenance of territorial control along Bactria, has also produced Hellenistic material, but the differences are the inhabitable corridors of the shifting river valley. striking. Specifically examining the ceramic remains of Bactra and Ai Khanoum, both published and in museum holdings, this paper Wu Xin (University of Pennsylvania), “Investigating the Transition presents a picture of two different manifestations of Hellenism in from the Achaemenid to the Hellenistic Period in Central Asia: Central Asia. Kyzyltepa as a Case Study” Bactra, the more cosmopolitan city, larger and almost certainly Alexander the Great’s invasion of Central Asia in the fourth more diverse in population, lacks many of the high quality Greek style century B.C.E. marks a turning point in the region’s history. In the wares found at Ai Khanoum. In fact, the Ai Khanoum ceramics fit longue durée approach, the arrival of the Greeks meant novel and very well into the broader koine of Hellenistic material culture and stimulating developments for the local inhabitants, transforming would be at home in Syria, the Levant, or Anatolia. Ai Khanoum the region, especial Bactria, into a zone of interaction between the has high-quality black-slipped graywares, mold-made bowls, affixed Mediterranean world and the East. Yet, the immediate impact of decorations, and numerous fishplates and kraters. Bactra, on the Alexander’s invasion is still subject to much debate, because what other hand, lacks these higher quality goods, and although there are precisely occurred in Central Asia after the fall of the Achaemenid rare examples of fishplates, there are no mold-made bowls or affixed Empire remains largely unknown. decorations, and overall no evidence of the high-quality sympotic Recent excavations at Kyzyltepa, a site established during the vessels found in such abundance at Ai Khanoum. These disparities, Achaemenid Empire and abandoned in the early Hellenistic epoch, however, need not indicate that Bactra had a smaller Greek population, allows us a glimpse into this little-known “transitionary” period and was less wealthy, or less connected with long distance trade. It likely helps to bridge the gap between these two eras. In order to place in points, rather, to a better-integrated Greek population and different context the changes wrought by the Greeks in Bactria, this paper will manifestations of Greek identity. examine the rise of Hellenism throughout Central Asia, including its impact on the steppe.

Fahim Rahimi (National Museum of Afghanistan), “Museums of 10E. Archaeology of the Natural Environment: Archaeobotany and Afghanistan: Preservation, Presentation, and Future Plans” Zooarchaeology in the Near East For more than three decades, the continuous state of warfare in Afghanistan has completely destroyed every facet of the country, CHAIRS: Madelynn von Baeyer (University of Connecticut) and including the country’s rich cultural heritage. Throughout this time, Melissa Rosenzweig (Miami University) I have been a witness to the wholesale loss of Afghanistan’s music tradition, festivals, theater, and of course the country’s museum Madelynn von Baeyer (University of Connecticut), “It Takes a collections, which have been looted and deliberately destroyed. Village (to Harvest a Crop): Plant Use during the Late Chalcolithic Monuments that had lasted millennia have been the target of rocket at Çadır Höyük, Turkey” attacks, especially those that date to the pre-Islamic period, while This paper presents archaeobotanical data from the Late archaeological sites have become a source of booty. Yet, amidst the Chalcolithic archaeobotanical assemblage at Çadır Höyük, a mounded destruction the National Museum of Afghanistan still survives and site on the north central Anatolian plateau with almost continuous its caretakers and curators persist in conserving and exhibiting the occupation from the Middle Chalcolithic through the Byzantine precious few collections. Their shared optimism looks forward to period. Architectural and metallurgical evidence indicate that during better days. the Late Chalcolithic, Çadır was developing as a regional rural center, The National Museum of Afghanistan is charged with which makes it an ideal site to study the role that households occupied administering all the museums throughout the country. The museum’s during emerging systems of social hierarchy and complexity. This own holdings have survived well enough to showcase how the country paper will focus on both descriptive and quantitative preliminary data has affected and shaped many Euro-Asian civilizations throughout from samples dating to around 3600 B.C.E. from a communal cooking ancient history. Afghanistan has played a pivotal role in acting as the area at Çadır. This analysis will examine how plant remains can inform nexus linking the myriad societies of the Middle East, Central Asia, studies on household subsistence economies, organization of labor, South Asia, and the Far East, all of which are represented in the National and differences in plant use between households. Museum’s collections. Although the museum has been severely damaged, its holdings in recent years have grown exponentially. So Andrew T. Creekmore III (University of Northern Colorado), “The too, have the methods of preservation, which have likewise improved Specialized Animal Economy at Early Bronze Age Kazane Höyük, immeasurably. This paper will emphasize the museum’s current status, Turkey” including its holdings, and plans for the museum’s future and those This paper examines the animal economy at Kazane Höyük, a around the country. 100 ha Early Bronze Age urban center located in the Harran Plain,

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Turkey. This research is significant because it adds to comparative food stores that were recovered from EB III levels support this event. data on faunal assemblages from urban centers in upper Mesopotamia The thousands of barley grains (Hordeum vulgare) and lentils (Lens and furthers the picture of regional differences in animal exploitation culinaris), as well as significant quantities of emmer wheat (Triticum that may be connected to environmental, economic, or socio-political dicoccum), common pea (Pisum sativum) and chick peas (Cicer factors. On the basis of faunal analysis from the citadel and outer arietinum) attest to the agricultural nature of the region and the vital town I conclude that Kazane had a highly specialized animal economy role of storage in urban environments in early complex societies. with a narrow focus on sheep and goat, supplemented by cattle. This This paper compares the archaeobotanical assemblage from Khirbat distribution lacks the percentages of pigs often found at contemporary Iskander with assemblages from other EB III sites in the region in order sites in the southern parts of the Jazira, and the percentage of wild to gain a better understanding of the implications of the destruction animals often found at contemporary sites in the Northern Jazira and of food resources and the role of the agricultural economy at the end the Euphrates Valley in Turkey. This pattern may indicate a local pattern of the EB III period. of animal exploitation in the Harran Plain, or an intrasite pattern of consumption in the presumably institutional or elite contexts sampled Louise Bertini (American University in Cairo), “Changes in at Kazane. Considered by body parts, the faunal assemblage indicates Environment and Caprine Husbandry Practices Using Linear butchering and consumption of animals in the area of the sample Enamel Hypoplasia (LEH): The EB III–IV Transition at Khirbat contexts. Storage facilities, settlement patterns, and site sustaining Iskander” areas indicate that Kazane practiced intensive agriculture. The animal Ancient civilizations in the Near East reached a zenith during economy likely dovetailed with crop production by grazing herds on the first centuries of the third millennium B.C. At the end of the ample crop stubble and in the nearby highlands. millennium, a sudden collapse struck the Early Bronze Age civilization of the Levant. This widespread event of civilizational decline affected Sarah E. Adcock (University of Chicago), Josh Cannon (University of societies in Jordan where settlement size reduction and abandonment Chicago), and Benjamin S. Arbuckle (University of North Carolina are evident in the archaeological record. As Khirbat Iskander is one of at Chapel Hill), “(Ursa) Major Findings in the Bronze Age: The Roles the few sites in Jordan that remained occupied throughout EB III and of Bears in the Ancient Near East” IV (ca. 2600–2000 B.C.) periods, the faunal material provides a unique In this paper, we examine both zooarchaeological and textual opportunity to view the transition and/or cultural continuity at one evidence to explore the relationships between humans and bears during site. This paper will thus explore caprine husbandry practices through the Bronze Age in the ancient Near East. Humans and bears have had a analysis of the dental defect, Linear Enamel Hypoplasia (LEH). LEH is long history of interaction, and bear remains are consistently present, a defect in teeth caused by physiological stresses encountered during though in small quantities, at Bronze Age sites. However, little work dental development. As there are no data that describe the prevalence has been done to synthesize this evidence or to consider the various of LEH in Jordanian animal material, this research aims to establish roles bears may have played (e.g., entertainment, status symbol, ritual the frequency of LEH in the archaeological remains of caprines from element). Focusing particularly on Anatolia and Mesopotamia, we the site of Khirbat Iskander. This established baseline would then be survey the zooarchaeological literature for evidence relating to general plotted against the chronology of caprine tooth formation, which will health, demographics, the representation of elements, and skeletal be used to interpret possible regional climatic changes at the end of the processing. We then place this evidence in relation to references third millennium B.C. from textual sources. For example, are the skeletal parts that appear in the zooarchaeological record limited to those that we might expect Tiffany Rawlings (SUNY College at Brockport), “A Preliminary to see still attached to bear skins? Or were whole animals present at Look at the Zooarchaeology of the Roman Period Occupation at Bronze Age sites? How might this evidence relate to texts that suggest Humayma, Jordan” the presence of live bears in royal courts? By combining these lines The site of Humayma, or ancient Hawara, is located in the of evidence, we illuminate a neglected aspect of human-animal Hisma desert of southern Jordan. The site of Humayma is the largest interactions during the Bronze Age. Nabataean and Roman period site in the region, and as such it is an important source for reconstructing ancient culture and diet. The Jennifer Ramsay (SUNY College at Brockport) and Geoffrey Hedges- Roman period fort (E116) at Humayma dated from the early second Knyrim (University of Connecticut), “Evidence of Destruction at the century through the early fifth century C.E. has been excavated on End of the EB III Period at Khirbat Iskander: An Archaeobotanical and off for the last 25 years. This presentation provides a preliminary Perspective” analysis of the zooarchaeological remains recovered from the fort The Early Bronze Age site of Khirbat Iskander is located on and a contemporaneous period mud brick structure (E128) at the the central plateau, approximately 24 km south of Madaba, Jordan. site. Comparisons are drawn between the faunal assemblages from Excavations at the site over the years have focused primarily on each structure, which provide clear markers of “Roman diet” (pigeon, the fortified EB III city remains and the transition to the EB IV Columba sp. and pig, Sus scrofa), including evidence of imported and/ agricultural settlement. The well-known and much debated collapse or “luxury” animal species and animal products (leopard, Panthera or abandonment of the early cities at the end of EB III has been pardis; ostrich, Struthio camelus; and various imported fish species, documented at many sites in the Levant and is evident at Khirbat including parrot fish,Scarus sp.). The results of this study provide a Iskander as well. Excavations of building collapse document the greater understanding of the role and influence the Roman military destruction at Khirbat Iskander and large quantities of carbonized had on the remote borders of the empire.

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10F. Technology in Archaeology: Recent Work in the Archaeological geological samples from the region allowed us to constrain basalt Sciences deposits that potentially served as raw material. These rocks, located on the so-called “Korazim Basalt Block” south of Hazor, were sampled CHAIR: Andrew J. Koh (Brandeis University), Presiding in detail and analyzed, and the geochemical compatibility of the vessels’ primary extraction site with these basaltic rock field samples Jody Michael Gordon (Wentworth Institute of Technology), Erin was tested. Our presentation shows that the artisans of the Hazor Walcek Averett (Creighton University), and Derek B. Counts workshop preferred raw material from a specific, but distant, source. (University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee), “Mobilizing the Past: A It is possible that Hazor controlled this specific basalt source because Review of Current Developments in Mobile Computing and Digital of its material properties for vessel production even though other Workflows in Near Eastern Archaeology and Beyond” suitable sources can be found closer to the site. In February 2015, a workshop on the current state of mobile computing in archaeology and the future of digital archaeological Brady Liss (University of California, San Diego), Thomas Levy workflows—entitledMobilizing the Past—was convened at Wentworth (University of California, San Diego), “Get to the Copper! Using Institute of Technology. The workshop’s purpose was to bring together XRF to Explore Copper Smelting Practices at Khirbat al-Jariya, pioneers in archaeology and computing to discuss the development Faynan, Jordan” and use of mobile device technology to advance digital archaeology, Recent excavations by the Edom Lowlands Regional Archaeology i.e., fully digital recording systems aimed at creating born-digital Project (ELRAP) at Khirbat al-Jariya (KAJ), an Iron Age smelting data in the field in ways that advance projects’ research agendas. center in the copper-bearing Faynan region of Southern Jordan, aimed Archaeologists working at sites around the globe, including those in to explore the diachronic narrative of metal production over the site’s Israel and Cyprus, shared their insights and critiques on digital field occupational history. KAJ, located approximately 3 km from the famed recording techniques, tools for on-site spatial and imaging analysis, Khirbat en-Nahas, is a roughly 7 ha site characterized by collapsed workflows, student pedagogy, as well as systems of data management architectural features and large slag mounds still visible on the surface, and long-term curation. attesting to its significance as a copper production site. These renewed This paper’s goal is to share the workshop’s results in order to excavations investigated the site’s abundant metallurgical remains by challenge Near Eastern archaeologists to think about how mobile excavating a test probe into one of these slag mounds on the southern computing workflows impact the practice and interpretive value of edge of the site. This small window, a 1 x 1 square meter sounding archaeology. Papers presented at the Mobilizing the Past workshop excavated to bedrock, provided a complete picture of copper smelting brought to light the pros and cons of converting to digital or “paperless” activity over the site’s history. In order to supplement archaeological workflows, and also the issues and challenges that will likely dominate excavation in examining the metallurgical narrative, slag samples the discourse on future attempts to digitize archaeological data “at were collected from stratigraphically controlled contexts (from both the trowel’s edge” including: time management, cost, data quality and within the probe and other contexts) to be subsequently analyzed with quantity, systems’ design, usability, and interpretive power, and data X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) Spectroscopy. Analyzing the elemental democratization. Overall, this paper sheds light on the best practices contents of the slag samples over the chronological scaffold provided in mobile computing in archaeology that emerged from the workshop by excavation allows for a diachronic comparison of these elemental and emphasizes their potential to improve current archaeological concentrations. In turn, the XRF results provide additional and practices. invaluable insight beyond the macroscopic record in exploring the copper smelting activities. Together, the excavated material culture Tatjana Mirjam Gluhak (Johannes Gutenberg University), Danny and analytical results provide the necessary foundations to reconstruct Rosenberg (University of Haifa), and Jennie Ebeling (University of the metallurgical narrative of KAJ. Evansville), “The Provenance of the Iron Age Basalt Vessels from the Workshop at Tel Hazor: Results from a Comparative Geochemical Bruno Soltic (Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary), “A Look Study of Basalt Vessels and Geological Samples” from Above: The Comparison of UAV Photography through Three The discovery of a basalt vessel workshop at Iron Age Tel Hazor Seasons at Tel Gezer (2014–2016)” (Area M) offers a rare opportunity to characterize the production The past decade has seen a revolution in aerial photography. The of basalt vessels during the first millennium B.C.E. To enable a presenter is a staff member at the Tandy Excavation at Tel Gezer and reconstruction of the distribution of basalt vessels produced at the has assisted in the transition to the use of unmanned aerial vehicle Hazor workshop, and determine the provenance of the basalt used (UAV). This paper will initiate a discussion on the use of UAVs in there, geochemical analyses of vessel preforms or rejects and geological aerial photography by examining several UAVs that have been used on field samples are essential. We present the results of a geochemical the field: Dji Phantom II with Gopro, Dji Phantom II Vision + (2014), study conducted in 2014 and 2015 of vessel preforms as well as Dji Spreadwing (2015) and Dji Phantom 3 Professional or newer field samples from basalt sources near Hazor. The evaluation of the (2016). The pros and cons of the use of UAVs will also be discussed by geochemical data of the vessel preforms showed that the raw material comparing the cost, transportation, and quality of the picture. for the great majority of them was procured from one specific, as yet unknown, extraction site. The comparison of the geochemical composition of this unknown extraction site with geochemical data from previously collected

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Bradley Erickson (UNC-Chapel Hill), “Stepping into the Past at Bet depicting grotesque and frightening imagery, such jewelry miniatures Alpha: Exploring Research Methodology and Pedagogy with 3D presented a skin-to-skin relationship between wearer and miniature Modeling and Virtual Reality” that was more performed than experienced, creating a “second skin” Recent interest in digital humanities has given rise to research of protective barriers that was visible primarily to (and designed to methods that allow for immersive, pluralistic explorations into protect against) the prying gazes of an external audience. the past. This paper presents a 3D, navigable model of the ancient Through these three case studies, this paper will establish touch- synagogue of Bet Alpha to demonstrate the benefit 3D modeling offers based and skin-centered analyses as a productive research methodology archaeologists in conceiving how ancient peoples experienced their to understand the complex and variable affect of miniature objects. art and architecture. The Bet Alpha model will be used to explore synagogue-seating capacity, the archaeoastronomy of synagogue art Melissa Cradic (University of California, Berkeley), “Scents and and architecture, and the visual-effect of dynamic lighting upon the Sensibility: The Sensorial Roles of Lamps in Funerary Rituals during building’s mosaic floor. the Second Millennium B.C.E” In addition to the exploration of research questions, 3D modeling Lamps played significant sensorial and symbolic roles in Canaanite also proves useful pedagogically. With the use of a simple, affordable funerary practices, especially those that took place in chamber tombs virtual-reality viewer, such as Google Cardboard, an instructor (rock-cut, cave, and masonry-constructed), where lamps were most can take his or her students on a first-person journey through frequently attested during the Middle and Late Bronze Age. These antiquity. This presentation will display the value of 3D modeling distribution patterns have important implications concerning the on the aforementioned areas of synagogue research as well as the sensory experience of body disposal in reused burial chambers. In pedagogical benefit of modeling and exploring ancient environments many cases, funerary participants would have encountered earlier in virtual reality. deposits including human remains in various stages of decomposition. Concerning methodology, the Bet Alpha model was produced What were the sensorial roles of lamps in funerary rituals? using a combination of drafting software (AutoCAD), 3D modeling Unlike the bowls, jugs, and jars that comprised the remainder of the software (3DS Max and Blender), structure-from-motion software ceramic assemblages, lamps were not used for serving or storing food (PhotoScan) and video-game editing software (Unity3D). The final and liquid offerings. Instead, lamps served fundamentally different model was then exported and loaded onto two platforms: first, a web functions during the final stages of the funerary sequence that server so that it could be accessed and explored via a first-person allowed mourners to invoke specific deities such as Shapsh, to purify playable character by anyone with an active Internet connection; and, and prepare the burial space, and to mark the closure of the tomb. second, it was loaded onto the website SketchFab, which allows anyone Many lamps deposited inside and outside burial chambers had traces with a virtual-reality viewer to explore the model in 360 degrees. of soot, indicating the ephemeral use of light and possibly aromatics during and following interment. This paper analyzes the olfactory and 10G. Senses and Sensibility in the Near East II visual roles of lamplight in funerary rituals, as well as other evidence for anointing and perfuming corpses, focusing on the experiential CHAIR: Kiersten Neumann (Oriental Institute, University of Chicago), and symbolic implications of scent and illumination in the context Presiding of second millennium B.C.E. chamber tombs. This approach sheds new light on the meanings of these sensorial experiences in Canaanite Stephanie Langin-Hooper (Southern Methodist University), death and burial practices. “Miniatures at the Multiple Intersections of Vision and Touch: Seals, Figurines, and Jewelry in Hellenistic Babylonia” Helen Dixon (University of Helsinki), “Perfuming the Dead: This paper explores the nuanced possibilities made available Evidence for the Use of Aromatic Oil and Resins in Phoenician using a combination of visual and tactile perspectives to analyze the Mortuary Practice” miniature objects of Hellenistic Babylonia. Although these miniatures The smells associated with the interment of the human dead all have strongly visual components, the quality of miniaturization in the Iron Age Levant are perhaps not an enticing research topic at (which makes tactile interactions both accessible and intriguing) first glance. But in the central coastal Levant (collectively referred to suggests touch-based analysis as particularly advantageous for as “Phoenicia”), evidence from funerary inscriptions, ceramic vessels this corpus of material. The first of three case studies addresses the buried with the dead, and the physical remains of elites all point to the tactile effects and reactions of figurine materials (clay, stone, bone, use of perfumed oils and oleo-resins during mortuary rituals including and metal). All these materials pinpointed human touch as the “life- the preparation of the body. Perhaps the most obvious explanation giving” nexus of user-figurine interaction, thus situating figurines for these measures is a practical one: to mask the scent of a decaying as intimate participants within the human social world. The second corpse for the benefit of those present at burial, since myrrh, bdellium, case study analyzes Hellenistic Babylonian stamp seals and signet and other strong scents made up the funerary olfactory repertoire. rings. The nature of these miniatures as surfaces will be shown But the scented oils seem to have developed other cultural meanings to have prohibited meaningful tactile engagement, thus limiting as well, perhaps accumulating several symbolic associations over the user engagement to a “skin deep” level of pseudointimacy that was course of the Iron I–Hellenistic periods (ca. 1100–300 B.C.E.). appropriate for an individual’s public signatory device. The third case In particular, by the second half of the first millennium B.C.E., study explores jewelry miniatures, which were intimately touched but aromatic oils seem to have been used to attempt the embalming of rarely seen by their users, who wore them on the neck and face. Often certain royal persons (the remains of the Persian period King Tabnit

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of Sidon are our best preserved example), and so may have become rituals focused on provisioning the dead that were materialized by the associated with preservation of both the physical and unseen aspects abundance of ceramics as grave goods. of deceased in other social strata. In this sense, I explore the possibility that smaller quantities of these perfumed unguents could have been Amanda Wissler (Arizona State University), “Exploring Personhood used in acts of “symbolic mummification,” and weigh this suggestion in Predynastic Egypt” against the prevailing interpretation of small juglets in Phoenician Anthropological studies of identity and social structures are often graves as representing libations for the dead. complicated by a Western emphasis on individuality. Personhood has been offered as a way to explore such ideas without imposing this Lissette Jimenez (San Francisco State University), “The Sixth Sense: bias and approaching from an emic perspective. While definitions Multisensory Encounters with the Dead in Roman Egypt” vary, personhood is a socially constructed concept based on cultural While image and representation have always played a central requirements of what it means to be a “person.” A society’s assessment role in the commemoration of the dead in ancient Egypt, ritual of its members is accessible through mortuary practices, providing a funerary practices were often multisensory experiences comprised suitable method for addressing personhood in the past. Extant textual of an intricate combination of visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory, and and art historical data from dynastic Egypt elucidate the ancient olfactory senses. A proper funerary ensemble, coupled with the burial Egyptian concept of personhood but provide conflicting views on landscape, facilitated active tactile encounters between the living whether children were considered to possess it. This paper seeks to and the dead and were critical for the revivification of the deceased add to this dialogue by exploring whether subadults were granted in the afterlife. The combination of textual, archaeological, and personhood in Predynastic Egypt by examining differential mortuary visual material evidence reveals that the ritual practice of celebrating practices between adults and subadults. Single vs. multiple interment, the dead included offerings, feasting, dancing, and the recitation of differences in grave goods, burial location and orientation are assessed magical spells. This paper investigates the multisensory experience in Predynastic Cemetery N7000 at Naga-ed-Dêr. Results demonstrate of funerary practices in Roman Egypt and explores the experiential some differences in mortuary treatment between subadults and adults, encounters between the material and temporal realms of the living and notably in single vs. multiple interments, suggesting that their status the dead. Painted portraits and shrouds attached to the mummified as “people” was different from adults. These findings have implications remains of the deceased, magical texts, ritual offerings, and the for our understanding of identity in ancient cultures and how religious landscape of the tomb indicate that the practices of commemorating and social beliefs affect conceptions of the self. the deceased established participatory relationships where the living could experience and see the dead. Tasha Dobbin-Bennett (Oxford College of Emory), “‘He Who Is Green of His Flesh’: Reinterpreting the Green-Faced Osiris” 10H. Theoretical and Anthropological Approaches to Archaeology I Working on the hypothesis that certain stages of decomposition were an essential part of the ancient Egyptian postmortem (re-) CHAIR: Leann Pace (Wake Forest University), Presiding creation process, my research proposes that the progression of decomposition was carefully managed by members of the embalming Tara Ingman (Koç University), “Changing Funerary Rituals and sphere. Furthermore, the process of decomposition was identified in Metal Grave Goods in the Late Bronze Age at Tell Atchana, Ancient the ritually important texts that accompanied the body of the deceased. Alalakh” Therefore, I argue that managed decomposition, in conjunction with mummification, is a key element in the transformation of the deceased Metals were used as markers of wealth and status in funerary into an Osirian figure. practices across the ancient Near East as early as the beginning of the In ancient Egyptian funerary art, one of the defining characteristics third millennium B.C., when the “Royal Tomb” at Arslantepe, with of the mummiform Osiris, is his green/black face. Traditional its rich metal assemblage, was constructed. Throughout the third approaches link the green color with the god’s role in rejuvenation millennium B.C. and into the first half of the second millennium and rebirth, effectively associating him with the green growth that B.C., metals were used across the Near East to indicate both status occurs after the inundation. However, I suggest that the attribution and identity, as seen from the Early Bronze Age “Royal Tombs” of of green skin to Osiris may reflect a complex interplay of observation, Alacahöyük and the so-called “warrior burials” of the Early and religious significance, and theological rationalization. By examining Middle Bronze Ages. This practice of signaling identity and wealth ancient Egyptian medical and religious texts, alongside a forensic with metals continued into the Late Bronze Age, although the form anthropological approach, I argue that as Osiris is the deceased of the metal grave goods shifted from weapons and symbolic objects corpse par excellence, his role as a corpse might offer an alternative to smaller, more personal objects—in particular, jewelry. The metal interpretation for the green skin color. grave goods at Tell Atchana are taken here as a case study, where a Soon after death, the deceased’s skin tone, in particular the shift in funerary rituals is visible during the Late Bronze Age, and face, lips, and genitalia, begins to display a distinctive greenish tinge, especially in Late Bronze II. The burial practices at the site at this which is clearly observable to the naked eye. Therefore, the positive time changed dramatically, and analysis of the metal grave goods association between Osiris, the green color of his skin and/or flesh, demonstrates an increasing emphasis on individual, personal identity and post-mortem decomposition may have set up an important in funerary practices, marking a sharp departure from the traditional prerequisite that helped fulfill the deceased’s ultimate transformation into an Osirian being.

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Susan Braunstein (The Jewish Museum), “Children and Bangles in interaction. This Zagros Interaction Sphere facilitated the distribution the Late Second Millennium B.C.E. Southern Levant” and exchange of desired resources while maintaining social ties across Study of the burial data from the southern Levant during the LB dispersed communities inhabiting different ecological zones. These IIB/Early Iron Ages suggests that the majority of bangles found in highland-lowland interactions characterize an alternative development funerary contexts in which age or sex of the deceased was identified of social complexity within this mountainous landscape resulting in were associated most frequently with children, and secondarily with the formation of indigenous polities and ethnic identities well known females. They apparently donned bangles as early as infancy and from Early Dynastic and Akkadian historical sources. wore them continuously until reaching some state in early adulthood, probably beginning around age thirteen. These observations led to the Holly Pittman (University of Pennsylvania), “Mesopotamia and the exploration of what socially constructed circumstances might have Iranian Plateau: Separate but Equal Partners in the Bronze Age of limited bangle-wearing primarily to children, and why some children Exchange” were found with them and others were not. Recent anthropological This paper examines the long-distance interaction between the and archaeological studies on defining childhood and children’s varied city states of southern Mesopotamia and the highland communities roles, as well as information gleaned from ancient Near Eastern texts, of the Iranian plateau beginning in 2900 B.C.E. and increasing in suggest that children may have been perceived in a number of ways intensity through the second half of the third millennium B.C.E. in the southern Levant, differentiated from each other through such Finds from excavations at Konar Sandal South in the Halil River characteristics as age group within childhood, gender, marriage status, Valley in the Iranian province of Kerman establish that Mesopotamian class, and economic function, whether as laborers, servants, or slaves. merchants traveled to resource-rich zones of the plateau to participate Various hypotheses were tested with the archaeological evidence, in an already existing and robust highland system of exchange in including vertical and horizontal social distinctions, the need for precious materials and worked commodities. The actual presence of amuletic protection, the mother’s status within the household, and Mesopotamians on the plateau allows for a reconsideration of the roles in ritual, as well as issues of control and ownership such as slavery, process of the consolidation of Mesopotamian kingship and social betrothal, and maintenance of virginity. Whatever their symbolism, hierarchy through the acquisition of status markers, giving powerful the physically palpable and visually prominent bangles likely served agency to the highland communities who have, up until now, been the to remind the wearers of their roles and status while affecting others’ passive suppliers to a superior culture. This allows a reconsideration of behavior toward them. the logic behind the construct of the so-called “Intercultural Style” soft stone objects found in temple contexts of Mesopotamia. An alternative 11A. Locating Mesopotamian Civilizations in Highland-Lowland interpretation of these exotic objects is presented that is consistent Encounters with the reconsidered relationship between the highland Iranian plateau and lowland Mesopotamia in the Early Bronze Age. CHAIRS: Claudia Glatz (University of Glasgow) and Matthew Rutz (Brown University), Presiding Claudia Glatz (University of Glasgow) and Jesse Casana (Dartmouth College), “Degrees of Separation: Geographical and Cultural Steve Renette (University of Pennsylvania), “The Zagros Interaction Connectivity in the Zagros-Mesopotamian Interface” Sphere at the Beginning of the Bronze Age” Conceptions of the self are founded on the distinction from an During the Late Chalcolithic (ca. 4500–3100 B.C.E.), “other.” A multitude of geographical terms, for instance, express the Mesopotamia and its neighbors became increasingly entangled binary oppositions of settlement and varying types of hinterlands both economically and culturally. Interaction during this time was in Mesopotamian texts. The imagination of urban and early state organized through a network of colonial enclaves and diasporas communities in lowland Mesopotamia, however, was also predicated reaching from the Mesopotamian lowlands into the surrounding on a more distant, highland antithesis. Knowledge of this highland resource-rich highlands. Following the collapse of this exchange other—experiential, mythical, and deliberately distorted—provided network, the region underwent dramatic changes leading to increased Mesopotamian political regimes’ imperial ventures with prestige and regionalization and ruralization. Scholarly discourse posits that only legitimacy. after centuries of isolation and impoverishment there came a phase Research to date has focused primarily on the rhetoric of highland of renewed social complexity and interregional interaction visible in alterity that has helped construct both ancient and modern notions of Mesopotamian urban centers during the Early Dynastic III period Mesopotamian civilization. In this paper, we take an archaeological (ca. 2500–2300 B.C.E.). However, while distinct cultural zones during approach to exploring diachronically questions of the degree, nature, this early period display only very little contact in material culture and mechanisms of highland-lowland interaction and separation. (especially ceramic traditions), limited evidence of shared glyptic Drawing on results of the Sirwan/Upper Diyala Regional Project traditions and occurrence of metals and stone artifacts do suggest in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, this paper presents a landscape- continued interregional exchange. based investigation of settlement dynamics, material culture, and Based on new evidence from work at Kani Shaie in Iraqi Kurdistan the logistics of movement in the region. Examining evidence from and a reappraisal of evidence from Early Bronze Age sites in the Zagros the Upper Diyala in relation to the neighboring western Zagros region, this paper argues that the distinct cultural zones of the Ninevite Mountains, the Sharezor Plateau, and the lower Diyala Plains, which V, Scarlet Ware, Godin III, and Hasan Ali traditions between the Tigris collectively formed part of a series of major north-south and east- River and the highest reaches of the Zagros chains maintained periodic west communication corridors that included branches of the later Silk

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Routes, we offer a long-term perspective on cultural connectivity and such stone objects held at the Assyrian court in the framework of the remoteness in the Mesopotamian-Zagros interface. Assyrian imperial ideology.

Matthew Rutz (Brown University), “Imagined Mountains of 11B. Materiality of Communication II Babylonia: Education and Commemoration” Cuneiform texts from southern Mesopotamia’s early historical CHAIRS: Emily Cole (Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, periods provide a rich corpus of material for exploring the highland- NYU) and Alice Mandell (University of Wisconsin-Madison), lowland nexus in ancient southwest Asia. Although quite varied in genre Presiding and geographic distribution, the textual record typically conveys only a limited perspective on the unrecoverable totality of lowland-highland Eric Wells (University of California, Los Angeles), “Recontextualizing interactions, namely, the view of the socio-political elite inhabitants Religion: Depicting Local Practice on Votive Stelae in New Kingdom of city-states and territorial polities of the southern Mesopotamian Egypt” alluvium. While decidedly one-sided, these sources provide a point Despite appearing side-by-side, the religious text and imagery of access for interrogating the culturally laden array of representations found on ancient Egyptian votive stelae have traditionally been of mountains, mountainous regions, and their inhabitants. In this studied separately from one another. Furthermore, few attempts have paper I investigate the various views found in the written record by been made to contextualize devotional texts and their associated attending to the archaeological and historical contexts in which the material culture in their Sitz im Leben. It is important to note that texts were produced. First, focusing in particular on the third and early individuals did not need to display their identity when engaging in second millennia B.C.E., I briefly survey the prominent literary topoi, votive practices. Individuals offered food, incense, libations, or other historical episodes, and epigraphic/iconographic landscapes that shed objects to the gods. Even when an individual chose to create a stela, light on long-term trends in how mountainous regions and their it did not need to contain any information regarding the donor to be populations were imagined by the political actors and their scribes in ritually effective. Therefore, when a votive stela included text or images early Babylonian states. I then look in specific at the ways in which describing their donor, it can be understood as an overt attempt to early second-millennium educational practices at sites such as Nippur create a lasting, material form of self-presentation (communicating and Ur created geographic knowledge. By treating textual remains identity, status, privilege, and religious access) that would be displayed as material culture it is possible to ground the ancient production to the larger community in a specific religious context. Individuals in of literature in practices of cognitive socialization. I conclude by ancient Egypt created objects that were intended not only to serve a considering the ambivalence expressed in early Mesopotamian ritual function, but were also meant to simultaneously communicate commemorative practices, such as the use of year-names and the the prestige and social status of the owner. By recontextualizing votive production of monuments in urban and mountainous landscapes. stelae in their native setting and focusing on variation, it is possible to recreate, in a limited sense, local habitus. This methodology allows Andrea Squitieri (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München), us to see how men of different social groups (as well as women and “Neo-Assyrian Stones and Mountains: An Indestructible Link” children) co-opted religion as the primary venue for social display, In the Neo-Assyrian period (ca. 900–600 B.C.E.), the Assyrian and demonstrates that identity was formed through different forms of Empire’s sourcing and use of stones as raw materials for royal materiality not just the written text. buildings, architectural decoration, and portable prestige objects such as vessels allows for a privileged way to investigate the relation Foy Scalf (Oriental Institute, University of Chicago), “The Pragmatics between the lowlands of the Empire’s heartland and the highlands in of Interment: How the Placement of Funerary Papyri Embodied the its northern and eastern frontier zones as encounter and interaction Divine in Roman Egypt” rather than opposition. Stones were in most cases sourced from specific This paper argues that the placement of Demotic funerary mountains during mining expeditions organized to supply the imperial papyri in Roman period burials embodied the communication of two artisans with suitable materials; these expeditions constitute direct goddesses before the divine tribunal on behalf of the deceased owner. encounters with the highland regions and with the people inhabiting The limited space in group burials of Roman Egypt forced individuals them. Moreover, the Assyrian king’s divine inspiration is credited in to strategize new ways to incorporate the necessary ritual symbols into inscriptions with supplying the location of the particular mountains their mortuary repertoire. Papyri inscribed with anonymous Demotic from where the stones originated. Unlike other raw materials such as funerary prayers were placed near the head and feet of the body, metals or timber, the exact origin of stones is habitually mentioned presumably included within the mummy wrappings. The anonymous in texts and therefore their link with the highlands surrounding the prayers refer to the deceased in the third person and are addressed to lowlands in the Empire’s core region is prominently commemorated. Osiris. Although the prayers’ reciter(s) is not explicitly revealed, the Such textual references indicate that, even after being worked into a position of the papyri in the burial near the head and feet recreate the final product, stones kept their connection to the mountain regions positions of Isis and Nephthys in the funeral par excellence of Osiris, they originated from and therefore represented a bridge between allowing us to identify the speakers as the two mourning goddesses who highland and the lowland realities. In this paper, I will offer several are symbolically present at the owner’s funeral in perpetuity through examples of worked stones used at the Assyrian imperial court, in their words inscribed on the papyri. Confirmation of this identification particular vessels, whose origins can be inferred from texts and/or can be made through two unpublished papyri in the Louvre. This geological identifications. I will highlight the symbolic meanings that practice, therefore, materialized a set of associated cultural symbols by

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inscribing Egyptian religious prayers from the contemporary Demotic studying occurrences of these glosses, layers of textual transmission corpus onto papyri and interring them with the dead. The use of can be revealed. Demotic signaled that the prayers represented an actual oral discourse of funeral participants, who reenacted the mythological precedent of Marian Feldman (Johns Hopkins University), “Inscribing Cosmic Osiris’s burial and mourned as the goddesses on behalf of the papyrus’s Space on the Babylonian Map of the World” owner. The so-called Babylonian Map of the World—a unique tablet excavated at the Babylonian site of Sippar and generally thought to Emilia Mataix-Ferrándiz (University of Southampton, ERC Roman be a sixth century B.C.E. copy of an earlier (eighth/seventh century Mediterranean Ports), “Rethinking the Roman Epigraphy of B.C.E.) tablet—bears a rendering of ostensibly real and cosmic space Merchandise: A Metapragmatic Approach” in diagrammatical map form along with inscribed literary texts. On Inscriptions held on commercial objects (amphorae, barrels, etc.) the obverse, the inscription has a mythological aspect, mentioning refer to the products and to the parties involved in their production, ruined cities, a vast sea, the god Marduk and legendary figures such commercialization, and distribution, and need to be studied in relation as Utnapishtum and Sargon. The reverse text mentions eight “regions” to the legal schemes applicable in commerce. This investigation allows and their measurements along with four quadrants that appear to refer them to be associated to broad categories, such as property, liability, to the diagram on the other side. This paper presents a preliminary or obligation. However, they appear shortened, or written in a careless exploration of the Babylonian Map of the World, considering in way, thus being recognizable only by people working in the commercial particular the notions of space and spatiality as it is defined and created context. This lexicon facilitated a remote dialogue between producers, through inscribed word and incised diagram, such as how geometry intermediaries, and consumers, as well as established a communication functions in Babylonian conceptions of cartography and cosmogony. code understandable inside the commercial world where these objects How does “real” space exist alongside “unreal” space? How do space were employed. The relation among these inscriptions, which concern and time function in both map and texts, and what is the relationship, different data, such as weight, the name of the seller, controlling marks, if any, between the texts and the imagery? and so forth, hides behind the phenomena of a political economy, monopolies, ownership, or liability coming from the agreements 11C. New Light on Persian Period Judah: The Archaeological held among parties. One of the elements that speaks most strongly Perspective to a relatively high level of integration of the Roman Empire is the commerce performed along different shorelines. Long distances and CHAIR: Oded Lipschits (Tel Aviv University), Presiding cultural differences point to the fact that there might have been some Oded Lipschits (Tel Aviv University) “New Light on Persian Period common practices involved in developing such commercial networks. Judah–The Archaeological Perspective: Judah in Transition from the Some of these common practices are reflected on these commercial Persian to the Hellenistic Period (General Introduction)” inscriptions on objects. Consequently, a metapragmatic revision The 205 years between 539/538 and 333 B.C.E., the so-called of what these inscriptions mean in their particular context helps us “Persian period,” are a well-defined period from the historical point understand many traits of trade, because they describe these actions of of view. This period has a clear starting point, when Cyrus the Great exchange in the writings. conquered Babylon, and it ends with the time when the Persian Empire M. Willis Monroe (University of British Columbia), “Looking fell into the hands of Alexander the Great’s army. For Judah, these Through the Cracks: Tracing Damage on Cuneiform Tablets” dates mark the period of the “Return to Zion,” and the beginning of the Mesopotamian scribes copying from cuneiform tablets often Persian/Achaemenid period is also the time when, according to the noted where damaged sections of the source text prevented them biblical descriptions, (some of) the Judeans deported to Babylon fifty from transmitting the text accurately. They marked these “damaged” years before, were allowed to return and to build the Second Temple in Jerusalem. This is the beginning of the Second Temple period in sections with the gloss “ḫi-pi₂” or “break.” Occasionally some of these glosses were suffixed with a temporal adjective “new” or “old” the history of Judah. Scholars dealing with this period emphasized the indicate a secondary level of damage tracing back at least one source place of it as the single most important period for the development of earlier. By analyzing these glosses and their position within texts the Jewish thought and practice from antiquity to the present. physicality of the transmission of knowledge can be traced. This type Bearing in mind the importance of this period, its uniqueness of analysis is particular useful when texts have been excerpted and and the many different processes that took place during these 200 reformatted in late copies. Glosses marking previous damage can be years, and the many Biblical texts that were written and edited in used to reconstruct the format and layout of source texts for which Judah, this session will explore some basic archaeological questions the original formatting is lost. An example of this can be found on regarding the understanding of the material culture of this period, and one tablet of the Late Babylonian microzodiac texts, where an added this time—especially: Are there indications in the material culture for section preserves six columns of text. Some of the columns found in changes that took place in the transition from the Persian to the Early the middle of the current text preserve “break” glosses for the ends Hellenistic period? of the line for the majority of entries suggesting an original location on the edge of a tablet, an area with common damage. The “break” glosses on cuneiform tablets preserve an aspect of the materiality of knowledge transmission often not mentioned by the scribe. By

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Noa Shatil (Tel Aviv University), “The Persian and Early Hellenistic Judah in this era was influenced by large-scale historical events: Pottery from Tel Azekah (Israel)” the struggle of the Persian empire to maintain its control over the In the renewed excavations at Tel Zakariya, which is identified southern Levant; the conquests of Alexander the Great; and the wars with biblical Azekah, initiated in 2012 by the Lautenschläger-Azekah between the Ptolemaic and Seleucid dynasties for sovereignty over the expedition, a comprehensive stratum from the Persian and early region. An examination of the changes in settlement patterns in Judah Hellenistic period, was revealed. The remains from this stratum within this wider context enables us to discuss the extent to which include two dwelling complexes (areas W1 and S1), and a burial (area large-scale historical events and changes of the central rule impacted S2) which yield a large pottery assemblage. the lives and spatial organization of the local residents of the province In this paper I will present the pottery assemblage from the of Judah. Persian and early Hellenistic periods which came from those areas, including a large number of complete vessels, mainly storage jars, Jose Balcells (Badè Museum, Pacific School of Religion, Berkeley), which mark the abandonment of the dwelling complex in area W1. “Household and Family Ritual and Religion in Persian Period Tell An assemblage with complete vessels is a rare phenomenon in inland en-Nasbeh” sites of the Persian and early Hellenistic periods in Israel, which makes Tell en-Nasbeh constitutes an important and strategic site in Judah the assemblage from Azekah important to the understanding of the in its Babylonian-Persian period phase, Stratum 2. The Tell en-Nasbeh material culture of those periods. excavations, which took place from 1926 to 1935 by the late William By comparisons of the pottery from Azekah, and other sites in Badè, offer a unique view into a well-preserved site that may have served the lowland and the hill country that yielded well-dated pottery from as a regional capital during the Babylonian through the early Persian the Persian and early Hellenistic periods, it is possible to date the period. The broad exposure of Stratum 2 contributes significantly to different subphases of the Persian-early Hellenistic strata in Azekah. researching and better understanding family and household ritual In addition, pottery comparisons to different sites will help to clarify and religion, especially since the pillared house is the only building the understanding of the everyday life and the cultural identity of the type at the site in this phase. The author will suggest categories and settlers of Azekah in those periods. typologies for archaeology of ritual and religion for Stratum 2 based on his study of the original documentation from the Tell en-Nasbeh Débora Sandhaus (Tel Aviv University and Israel Antiquities collection in comparison with evidence for ritual at other Judean sites. Authority), “Pottery Horizons in Judah: Toward a New Understanding This stratum provides a representative archaeological phase that lasts of the Transition between the Fourth and Third Centuries B.C.E.” through the end of the early Persian period, and gives the unique The transition between two conquering forces, the Persian and opportunity of investigating ritual objects in their contexts in domestic the Hellenistic empires, is well documented in the historical record. An structures from the stratum. This paper will focus on the research of understanding of the impact of these events on the local communities Persian period ritual artifacts from the Nasbeh collection at the Badè and the common people, however, should focus on the archaeological Museum of Biblical Archaeology in Berkeley, and will identify possible record. locations at Tell en-Nasbeh where the author suggests that family and The difficulty with the identification of the transition between household ritual and religious practices were likely to have taken place. these periods lies in the attribution of critical loci to one or another of the phases. The absence of destruction layers makes the investigation 11D. New Insights into the History of Sepphoris from the Sepphoris even more challenging. Regional Project In light of recent large-scale excavations in the lowlands (Shephelah), new insights can be derived both from the stratigraphy CHAIRS: Eric Meyers (Duke University) and Carol Meyers (Duke and the pottery. First steps towards the definition of distinctive pottery University), Presiding forms on the basis of well-stratified contexts have recently been Benjamin Gordon (University of Pittsburgh), “A Fortress on the undertaken, and preliminary results will be presented in this lecture. Western Summit? A New Look at the Development of Sepphoris On the basis of these results, a new perspective on the transition is under Royal Judean Auspices” offered. Thick wall foundations exposed in the 1990s in Area 85.3 on the Nitsan Shalom (Tel Aviv University), “Changes in Settlement western summit of Sepphoris were initially identified as the remains Patterns in Judah between the Persian and Hellenistic Periods” of a Seleucid or Hasmonean fortress. In this paper, I will argue that The subject of the transition between the Persian and Hellenistic these foundations supported not a fortress but a domicile that was part periods in Judah has been poorly researched. However, recent of a sprawling quarter constructed under royal Judean auspices in the excavations and the new publication of past excavations, with Herodian period. The project erased most of the earlier superstructure assemblages dated to the fourth and third centuries B.C.E. (e.g., Tel on the site. The new domicile in Area 85.3 contained three ritual Azekah, Khirbet Qeiyafa, Ramat Rahel, the Ramat Bet Shemesh sites, baths quite unlike others on the summit, resembling instead the and Lachish), have shed new light on the material culture of this standard Jerusalem-type bath of the Herodian period. This is one period. Reexamination of past excavations and surveys in light of new of a few similarities between the Sepphoris remains and those of archaeological knowledge enables us to create updated pictures of the contemporaneous Jerusalem residences. Furthermore, in its orientation settlement patterns in Judah in the Persian and Hellenistic periods, and general layout, the structure parallels a house immediately to its compare the two, and discuss the differences between them. north, exposed by the Michigan excavations in the 1930s and marked

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by its peristyle courtyard. To the west of these domiciles, over a dozen that appear to have become prevalent throughout much of ancient row houses, more modest in size and appointment, cascade down Mediterranean by the first century C.E. the slopes of the summit. Orthogonal streets and alleyways divide the houses; one shared property line extends over a length of 60 m. Chad Spigel (Trinity University), “Synagogue Seating and the Jewish Diagnostic material excavated under floors and in foundation trenches Population of Sepphoris” reflects the earliest horizon in Roman Galilean ceramics. While it is The recent and upcoming publications of the Duke University possible that the quarter was developed during Herod’s reign, it seems western summit excavations provide a great opportunity to take a more likely that it was constructed during the period of rule of his son fresh look at the history of Sepphoris. Specifically, in this paper I will Antipas, as part of a new vision for the city and its economy. explore how demographic questions and demographic data be used to sharpen our understanding of Jewish worship practices in late-antique Sean Burrus (Duke University), “Household Goods and Cultural Sepphoris. The presentation will begin generally, with a discussion of Exchange at Roman Sepphoris” synagogue seating capacities and their status as demographic data. Excavations on the western summit of Sepphoris in the 1980s and The focus will then shift to the Byzantine period synagogue building 1990s uncovered a wide range of household goods, personal effects, and in Sepphoris and how the archaeological remains can be used in other small finds that provide insight into the wealth of the quarter and conjunction with various demographic considerations (e.g., sex ratios its interaction with intraregional trade networks in the Galilee. Only a and age distributions) to provide a nuanced picture of both who may few such items—for example, the pair of small bronze figurines of Pan have worshiped within the synagogue building and how they may and Prometheus discovered in a cistern on the summit in 1985—are have worshiped. Finally, I will use the seating capacity data from this widely known. In this paper, I present an analysis of the household particular synagogue building to help answer several questions about goods and small finds from the summit excavations, including an the wider Jewish population of Sepphoris. For example, what does the overview of the character and nature of significant household tools seating capacity of the Byzantine synagogue building suggest about the and implements, personal effects, and jewelry. Placing the evidence role of synagogues as regular places of worship for Jews living in late- from Sepphoris in context with profiles from other sites in the region, antique Sepphoris? And, how do the archaeological remains from the I argue that the household goods and small finds of the summit western summit, where there is no evidence of a synagogue building, demonstrate significant interaction with intraregional trade networks, affect our understanding of synagogue worship in the city? reaching a climax in the Late Roman period. This conclusion confirms the picture painted by imported wares and oil lamps. I also consider 11E. Archaeology of the Crusaders and Their Neighbors evidence for the manufacture of household goods and goods for trade uncovered at the excavation, including a significant cache of metal CHAIRS: Tracy Hoffman (Independent Scholar) and Tasha tools as well as a possible glass workshop, concluding that a small glass Vorderstrasse (University of Chicago), Presiding production industry existed at the site, late in the Byzantine period. Tasha Vorderstrasse (University of Chicago) and Asa Eger Alan Todd (Coastal Carolina University), “The Social Functions of (University of North Carolina, Greensboro), “Between Byzantium, Feasts: Evidence from Unit II and the Dionysos Mansion” the Crusaders, and the Islamic World: Medieval Settlement in the Excavations by Duke University on the western summit Qoueiq Valley” of Sepphoris have uncovered a number of remains relevant to This paper will examine the Middle Islamic period evidence understanding practices that defined Jewish daily life during the late from the 1970s Matthers survey of the Qoueiq river valley, located Second Temple and early rabbinic periods. These remains include the to the west of Aleppo. The Qoueiq area was a contested region, archaeological correlates of Jewish domestic feasts, arenas consisting which, although it was primarily under the control of various Islamic of meaning-laden practices that can help us better understand the dynasties, was also contested in this period by the Byzantines and the development of Jewish society in antiquity and the formation of Jewish Crusaders. This paper will examine the evidence for settlement in identities. My paper will explore what this material evidence can tell us the 12th/13th centuries and demonstrate that while Aleppo was the about how Jews who inhabited the western summit of Sepphoris used dominant settlement in the region, various towns and villages played domestic feasts to establish and reify a shared class membership while an important role in the local economy, mainly through pottery constructing social hierarchies vis-à-vis fellow dining participants. I production that was then traded throughout the region. This will then will also discuss the architectural remains from the House of Dionysos, be contrasted with settlement from the nearby Antioch region and the providing a thick description of the feasts held there, as well as the massif Calcaire (limestone hills) in the same period to have a better social effects on the Jewish population of Sepphoris regardless if a Jew understanding of settlement across North Syria. or gentile built and/or occupied the building. My conclusions about Ian Jones (University of California, San Diego), Kyle Knabb (Ben- the material remains from Sepphoris will be informed by the insights Gurion University), Mohammad Najjar (JoScapes), and Thomas of anthropologists and ethnographers studying feasts across cultures Levy (University of California, San Diego), “Fatimid and Crusader and time, archaeological evidence for Jewish feasting practices from Settlement in Southern Jordan: Neither Fatimid nor Crusader?” other sites in Roman Palestine, scholarly investigations into the textual Archaeologists tend to discuss settlement in southern Jordan evidence attesting to Jewish domestic feasting practices, and recent during the late 10th–12th centuries A.D. in terms of political control discussions about the functions of Greco-Roman banquet practices by the Fatimid and, later, Crusader polities. Geographies and narrative

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historical sources of the period, however, portray a more complex subfloor fill from the courtyards. The vitreous material from this area scenario, in which this external political control was limited and is the most coherent assemblage from the Islamic period at Ashkelon. local tribal groups maintained significant autonomy. Archaeologists In this paper I consider the assemblage from the Fatimid and face difficulties in addressing this complexity, however, as the small Crusader courtyards and installations in Grid 47, focusing on the number of excavations at late 10th–12th century sites in the region major decorative styles and vessel types represented in the collection. I limits our ability to discuss identity, and the dating of ceramics of the argue that the collection is useful for understanding and contextualizing period—particularly those of the 11th century—remains problematic. changes in local preferences for a series of decorative styles. Finally, In this paper, we present an argument-based analysis of material I place this assemblage within the context of other Crusader-period collected during a survey of Wadi al-Fayd, west of Shawbak, that “tribal” assemblages from Palestine, arguing that the Fatimid and Crusader settlements of this period can be identified through consideration assemblages at Ashkelon can help us understand changing economic of archaeological, geographical, and historical data. Although the and cultural connections within the region and with major centers of previously mentioned difficulties remain, we suggest ways in which power outside Palestine. this method can be extended to previous work in other parts of southern Jordan. While some sites certainly relate to the Fatimids John Marston (Boston University), Kathleen Forste (Boston and Crusaders, we suggest that others—including several that have University), and Deidre Fulton (Baylor University), “The Animal been excavated—are likely to be “tribal” settlements, and discuss and Plant Economies at Islamic and Crusader Ashkelon” the implications of this both to our understanding of the 10th–12th In this paper we explore shifts in foodways and agricultural century archaeological landscape of southern Jordan and the political production at Ashkelon between the Early Islamic and Crusader landscape of the southern Levant more broadly. Finally, we present periods, primarily through the analysis of botanical and faunal remains. several suggestions for future research on this period. We hypothesize that there are changes in the spatial organization and availability of labor and resources in these production economies as a Michael Fuller (St. Louis Community College), “Crusader Burials result of dramatic political and demographic changes between these and Material Culture from Area C at Caesarea Maritima” two periods. Faunal remains provide evidence of changes in animal A number of significant Crusader burials were excavated by the husbandry and butchery practices, while botanical remains indicate Joint Expedition to Caesarea Maritima (1971–1987 and 1993–1996) in shifting practices in both field crop cultivation and arboriculture. Area C. The project was directed by the late Robert J. Bull with field We use these economic datasets to explore the cultural geography of supervision by Edgar M. Krentz. One of the most interesting Crusader production landscapes in and around Ashkelon. burials was a woman associated with scale armor and a shield. More Changes to certain animal husbandry practices, specifically than 350 skeletons were uncovered from Area C; examples of combat culling changes with regard to species and age of the selected animals, wounds to the arms, legs and cranium were noted in a summary of the suggest a trend toward less productivity in the Crusader period when fieldwork. compared to the Early Islamic period. These changes are also reflected Caesarea came under Crusader control in 1101 after the city in the butchering, portion selection, and meat preparation, indicating was captured by a Genoese named William Embriaco. King Baldwin a change in the demographics of Ashkelon from the Early Islamic to of Jerusalem granted Caesarea as a fief to a Frank named Eustace the Crusader period. Granier. The city was captured by Arab forces in 1187 after Saladin’s A notable reduction in arboriculture between the Early Islamic victory at the Horns of Hattin. The walls were pulled down and the and Crusader periods at Ashkelon can be attributed to widespread city remained largely abandoned until 1228 when work began during Crusader destruction of agricultural lands in the periphery of the Fourth Crusade to rebuild the city walls. Saint Louis (French King Ashkelon between the First Crusade of 1099 and Ashkelon’s conquest Louis IX) oversaw and participated in the completion of the new walls in 1153. Orchards were not replanted in similar numbers during in 1251–1252. Mamluk Sultan Baybars captured the city in 1265 and it Crusader control of the city. We suggest these changes reflect shifting remained desolate after that time. risk tolerance between the Islamic and Crusader periods.

Robyn Le Blanc (University of North Carolina, Greensboro), “The 11F. Developing Isotopic Investigations in the Near East & Caucasus Glass from Crusader Ashkelon” I: Environment, Diet, and Mobility Between 1985 and 2013, over 50,0000 sherds of vitreous material small finds (individual pieces, whole vessels, and cached collections) CHAIRS: G. Bike Yazıcıoğlu Santamaria (Independent Researcher) and were discovered and collected by the Leon Levy Expedition to Maureen E. Marshall (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Ashkelon (Israel). The glass from the Islamic period levels at the site Presiding (roughly the 6th–13th centuries C.E.) was the largest and most varied from the collection. Unfortunately, most of the Islamic period material Hannah Lau (University of California, Los Angeles), Kelly J. was found in mixed secondary contexts, including robber trenches and Knudson (Arizona State University), “Herding Practices at Halaf massive foundation fills. A notable exception is the collection from the Domuztepe: Implications for Mobility, Cooperation, and Emergent Fatimid and Crusader-period courtyards in the area around the earlier Political Complexity” Roman senate house (Grid 47). Vitreous material was recovered The Late Neolithic Halaf period is one of critical importance for from several pits, silos, sumps, and a large wine basin, as well as from understanding the emergence of political complexity in the ancient Near East. The nature of political complexity and its implications

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for Neolithic peoples’ mobility during this time is, however, poorly Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, Germany. The results show understood and strongly contested among scholars. This study that during the Early Bronze Age in Anatolia there was an incredible combines zooarchaeological and biogeochemical analyses (87Sr/86Sr, degree of homogeneity in dietary habits both at an intra- and intersite δ18O and δ13C) from teeth from domesticated animals to examine and regional level, and across the millennium of the Early Bronze Age ancient herding practices at the Late Neolithic site of Domuztepe with diets being predominantly terrestrial C3 based. Furthermore, the (ca. 6000–5450 cal. B.C.E.) in southeastern Turkey. Biogeochemical results suggest that we can now begin to discuss an “Early Bronze Age indicators of animal mobility provide proxies for the movement package” with regard to food resources. of their human caregivers and, when combined with paleodietary evidence and population data from zooarchaeological analyses, Selin E. Nugent (Ohio State University), “Isotopic Perspectives on elucidate the scale at which villagers cooperated in their management Transhumance and Landscape Use in Middle Bronze Age Naxçıvan, practices. This study evaluates Neolithic peoples’ animal management Azerbaijan” practices for daily subsistence and for large feasting events at the site. How do pastoralists navigate their environment and how do they Faunal data from the site’s three feasting assemblages, when compared engage in mobility? Tracing the mobility patterns of pastoralists is to its quotidian subsistence system, provide a means of assessing critical for illuminating life ways and the cultural landscapes occupied resource and labor coordination among inhabitants by elucidating the and shaped by the mobile Middle Bronze Age (2400–1500 B.C.) animal management strategies employed by Neolithic agropastoralists populations of the South Caucasus. This paper investigates patterns of 87 86 18 in these different consumption settings. Such coordination has transhumance and landscape use through Sr/ Sr and δ O isotopic implications for reconstructing the political economy and emerging analyses of human remains excavated in Middle Bronze Age contexts political complexity of the wider region during the Late Neolithic. of Naxçıvan, Azerbaijan. In order to investigate recurrent mobility on a narrow temporal scale, this research employs a sampling strategy Benjamin Arbuckle (University of North Carolina at Chapel adapted from faunal intratooth sampling approaches used to identify Hill), David Meiggs (Rochester Institute of Technology), Cheryl individual recurrent mobility in zooarchaeological populations. A Makarewicz (Christian Albrechts University Kiel), and Aliye Öztan longitudinal series of human dental enamel samples was collected (Ankara University), “Isotopic and Zooarchaeological Approaches along the third molar of each adult individual. Resulting 87Sr/86Sr to Reconstructing Land Use and Mobility at Chalcolithic Köşk and δ18O values reflect enamel mineralized every three–four months Höyük, Turkey” during three years of development. Results are compared to established In this paper we combine isotopic and traditional environmental bioavailability of 87Sr/86Sr and δ18O in Naxçıvan, zooarchaeological datasets to reconstruct land use and mobility at allowing for seasonal estimation of elevation and geographic locality Chalcolithic Köşk Höyük, Niğde, Turkey. In particular we focus on for each individual. This research is part of a broader ongoing study of evidence for mobility associated with sheep and goat herding as well pastoralism of the region in the Middle Bronze Age. The consideration as wild equid hunting. By combining demographic and biometric of collaborative investigations of mortuary space, domestic contexts, data along with strontium, carbon, and nitrogen isotopes we are and animal mobility, in relation to human transhumance, thus situates able to define the use of the local landscape in terms of hunting and the role of mobility in shaping the cultural and political landscapes of herding practices and their seasonality, as well as monitor changes in the region. these land use practices through time. We suggest that in the earliest occupation of the settlement (late seventh millennium B.C.) lowland David Meiggs (Rochester Institute of Technology), G. Bike Yazıcıoğlu and highland areas were used separately for herding and hunting but Santamaria (Independent Researcher), and Pınar Ertepınar that this partitioned land use system changed significantly in the later (Utrecht University), “Strontium Isoscapes in Central Anatolia: 87 86 levels (fifth millennium B.C.). Archaeological Implications of Bioavailable Sr/ Sr Isotope Ratio Benjamin Irvine (Freie Universität Berlin), “Multi-Isotopic Distributions” Investigations of Diet in Anatolian Early Bronze Age Populations” Because of their ubiquity and geographic variation, strontium This talk is the result of research as part of a doctorate focusing on isotopes have found substantial utility as archaeological proxies for examining the dietary habits of several Early Bronze Age (3000–2000 various aspects of prehistoric mobility and economy, particularly B.C.) populations in Anatolia. The investigated sites are from different with human and faunal skeletal remains. A necessary aspect of such environmental regions and consist of Ikiztepe (north Anatolia, Samsun studies has been to characterize and distinguish local and regional region, on the Black Sea coast), Titriş Höyük (southeast Anatolia, variation in biosphere strontium. But a growing body of research Urfa region), Bademağacı (south Anatolia, Antalya region), and suggests biologically available strontium isotopes arise from complex Bakla Tepe (southwest Anatolia, in the Izmir region). This research is contributions of bedrock geology, geomorphology, vegetation incredibly significant as it is the first time that quantitative scientific type, and potentially exogenous (aeolian) input. Further, because methods have been employed to address questions and hypotheses strontium isotopes in skeletal remains reflect an individual’s dietary about dietary habits in the Early Bronze Age period of Anatolia, and calcium budget in a given ecological context, the “local” signature is the first project of its kind both in terms of methodology and scale. for a given archaeological sample inevitably shifts depending on the Analysis of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) was frame of reference of a particular study. While recent research clearly employed on bone collagen from ca. 200 human and faunal osteological underlines the value of multiproxy approaches, we focus here on samples taken from the anthropology lab of Hacettepe University, collaborative efforts to characterize strontium “isoscapes” in central Ankara Turkey, and was conducted at the Max Planck Institute for Anatolia, and examine their implications to investigate prehistoric

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societies. In particular, we will examine the use of such isoscapes and and connections between these cultures, and highlights the importance call for greater sensitivity to the scalar nature of cultural factors such as of understanding the significance of these changes in chronology land-use patterns, seasonal mobility, and food procurement strategies for examining development in the southern Levant. This paper will when determining and interpreting “dietary catchment areas.” After present an overview of the evidence for changing the conventional having considered the variables that contribute to complexity in dating for the Middle Bronze Age and discuss the implications of strontium isotope signatures and define people’s engagement with the these chronological changes for establishing synchronisms between environment at a local scale, we will discuss the utility of large-scale Egypt and the southern Levant. Finally, the paper will analyze the environmental characterization and predictive modeling for studies significance that these changes in chronology and connections hold of production systems, migration, and immigration patterns in the for the archaeology and history of the southern Levant in the Middle archaeological record. Bronze Age.

G. Bike Yazıcıoğlu Santamaria (Independent Researcher) and Steve Falconer (University of North Carolina - Charlotte) and Pat Maureen E. Marshall (University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign), Fall (University of North Carolina - Charlotte), “New Radiocarbon “Eurasian Archaeology Isotope Research Group: Goals, Perspectives, Sequences at Tell Abu en-Ni‘aj and Tell el-Hayyat, Jordan, and Their and Suggestions” Implications for Bronze Age Chronology” This final presentation of the Developing Isotopic Investigations in Excavations at the neighboring agrarian villages of Tell Abu en- the Near East and Caucasus Session, introduces Eurasian Archaeology Ni‘aj and Tell el-Hayyat, Jordan have revealed stratified evidence of Isotope Research Group (EAIRG), a network of researchers who utilize occupation through EB IV and the Middle Bronze Age, respectively. isotope biogeochemistry in their archaeological research projects We present Bayesian analyses of more than 35 AMS dates from in Eurasia. As developing the EAIRG into a collaborative research seven architectural phases at Tell Abu en-Ni‘aj and four phases at platform is among the objectives of our sessions, this paper is a call Tell el-Hayyat that document the full spans of EB IV and the Middle for active participation of researchers to begin setting short-term and Bronze Age in the northern Jordan Valley. Our results show that long-term goals that are of common interest, such as establishing data- EB IV occupation at Abu en-Ni‘aj began no later than 2500 cal B.C. collection standards, addressing methodological challenges particular and continued until just before 2000 cal B.C. Middle Bronze Age to the region, and bringing existing datasets together in compatible settlement at Hayyat began shortly after 2000 cal B.C. and continued ways on a single platform, etc. We will summarize the practical steps until ~1500 cal B.C. These results bolster arguments that the beginning we have taken so far toward the first goal of the research group; that is, of EB IV should be revised two or more centuries earlier, affirm an the creation of an accessible resource base that provides systematically Early Bronze/Middle Bronze transition ~2000 cal B.C., detail the managed and updated, reliable information on completed and developmental relationship between the Middle Bronze Age temple ongoing research projects, publications, published datasets, and range sequences at Hayyat and nearby Pella, and show the Middle Bronze of themes investigated through isotopic analyses in the Near East and Age ending no earlier than 1500 cal B.C. in the northern Jordan Valley. Caucasia. Then, we will open the forum to a moderated discussion in order to identify collective research goals, research priorities, and the Felix Höflmayer (Austrian Academy of Sciences), “A New Middle organizing principles of the research group. Bronze Age Chronology and its Implications for Egypt and the Levant” 11G. The Middle Bronze Age in the Southern Levant Revisited: Recent radiocarbon evidence challenges the Middle Bronze Age Chronology and Connections I chronology of the southern Levant. Radiocarbon data from sites such as Tell el-Burak (Lebanon) or Tel Kabri (Israel) point to a significantly CHAIRS: Felix Höflmayer (Austrian Academy of Sciences) and Susan higher dating of Middle Bronze Age phases. Currently, Tell el-Dab‘a Cohen (Montana State University), Presiding (Egypt) in the eastern Nile Delta is one of the key sites that has been used to propose a low Middle Bronze Age chronology. However, the Susan Cohen (Montana State University), “Reevaluation of radiocarbon sequence published for this site challenges the excavator’s Connections between Egypt and the Southern Levant in the Middle historical dates and is in agreement with the high radiocarbon dates Bronze Age” for Tell el-Burak and Tel Kabri. The Middle Bronze Age in the southern Levant has long been a This paper summarizes current radiocarbon evidence for the period subject to chronological debate, discussion, and dissension. Middle Bronze Age southern Levant, discusses proposed archaeological Despite the common use of conventional dates and correlations, there synchronisms with the Egyptian historical chronology, and provides a is in reality little consensus regarding the dates for either the beginning coherent chronological framework based on radiocarbon data for the or the end of the period, with the result that its duration also remains Middle Bronze Age eastern Mediterranean. in flux. Such chronological imprecision also results in an equal lack of clarity regarding the synchronisms and connections between the Sturt Manning (Cornell University) and Brita Lorentzen (Cornell southern Levant and the regions and cultures around it, particularly University), “Middle Bronze Age Anatolian Dendrochronology and in regard to ancient Egypt. The increasing availability of radiocarbon Levantine Chronology” dates from secure stratigraphic locations, and the absolute chronology Very recent work has established a revised and robust near- that results from them, however, now emphasizes the need to absolutely placed Middle Bronze Age tree-ring chronology from reevaluate the traditional and conventional synchronisms, contacts, several sites in Anatolia. This chronology revises/replaces previous

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statements. It was achieved through the integration of tree-ring, Sharon Mattila (University of North Carolina at Pembroke), “A radiocarbon, and historical information and forms a new and Hellenistic–Early-Roman Samaritan Archaeological Land Survey independent basis to Middle Bronze Age chronology. Of especial Reinterpreted in Dialectical Comparison with Documentary Land interest, it provides a basis for dating (and resolving disputes over the Surveys and Declarations from Egypt and the Dead Sea” dating of) associated historical records from, and related to, the Old On account of the highly influential “peasant” model of ancient Assyrian world due to links between specific Assyrian officials and rural socioeconomic relations, it is often simply assumed that large rulers and tree-ring samples at Kültepe and Acemhöyük in Turkey. estates belonged to the urban elite on the one hand, whereas most We review this new tree-ring chronology, its basis, and the changes villagers owned or leased small subsistence-level holdings on the from previous assumptions (and why these changes are necessary). other. Thus, the presence of a large mansion and agricultural complex We then consider the relevance of this new robust timeframe from near Hellenistic–Early-Roman Qarawat bene Hassan in Samaria has Anatolia, and thence the Assyrian-Babylonian worlds, to chronology led to the conclusion that Shimon Dar’s archaeological survey data of and to chronological debates in the Levant and the east Mediterranean over 600 plots of land near this village afford “smoking-gun” evidence in the first half of the second millennium B.C. In particular: we look at that it was all Herod’s royal land, or at least a large private estate, leased the dating of the Santorini/Thera volcanic eruption, the dating of the out in equal parcels to tenants. Middle Bronze Age strata at Tell el-Dab‘a, and dating of the Middle When, however, one analyzes these Samaritan data by instead Bronze Age/Late Bronze Age transition in the Levant. comparing them dialectically with what we learn from documentary land surveys and declarations of roughly the same period, not only 11H. Theoretical and Anthropological Approaches to Archaeology II from Egypt, but also from the Babatha archive, a very different interpretation results. CHAIR: Emily Miller Bonney (California State University Fullerton), First, large agricultural complexes are often mentioned near Presiding Egyptian villages; but their owners did not generally possess all the land near them. Second, the Ptolemies did not monopolize the large Rick Hauser (IIMAS - International Institute for Mesopotamian Area majority of the land in Egypt, and thus much of it was not royal Studies; Visiting Research Fellow, Department of Asian Languages land. Third, holdings, often even modest ones, were fragmented into and Literatures, University of Minnesota), “The Archaeological sometimes numerous small plots that were frequently not adjacent one Artifact as Actant” to another, and individual holdings varied substantially in size. The This paper will underline the importance of performance in our Samaritan plots were far from equal in size and were juxtaposed in a understanding of the meaning of the archaeological object (see Jane very irregular pattern, all of which suggest that they, likewise, did not Bennett’s Vibrant Matter). How can we adumbrate “performance” in belong to one single large estate. a past time, so that it might inform our understanding of material culture (in our case, the excavated artifact)? Michele Rau (Independent Scholar), “Neuroarchaeology and “Music,” as a category of experience, belongs in this liminal Levantine Architecture: Human Neurology as a Tool in the category—a kind of “neither/nor” state that resides somewhere in Interpretation of Architecture” the shared consciousness of those who have witnessed the making Recent trends in social science theory stress the “embodied” or heard the product of the making—or who somehow memorialize nature of the human experience: the inherent interconnectivity of or fashion a “container” for the “music.” Think “theatre.” Think also environment, body, and mind. Yet what constitutes the “mind” is “ritual reenactment.” rarely explicitly examined. Human neurology is potentially a powerful How might this category inform and change the meaning of the tool for the interpretation of the social significance of architecture. artifacts we excavate? Consider—an immaterial subject generated However, proper use of this tool requires a thorough understanding of by someone who is absent, the exact nature of which we can only the “metaplasticity” of the human mind; meaning that brain function approximate, recreating it in “our mind’s eye.” is not genetically hard-wired, but is subject to the interaction of factors After all, we posit distinct moments of “making” along an including neurology, culture, time, imitation, and material engagement. imagined production sequence (Leroi-Gourhan’s chaîne opératoire) The field of neuroarchaeology has used a rapidly expanding body from origin to the present moment. This calculated remaking is at of evidence produced by technologies such as functional magnetic the very heart of an important act of commemoration—our present resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) memory of evanescent performance. to aid in understanding the mind’s metaplasticity. In this paper, I will Is this “imagined making” part of the “readable” biography of summarize pertinent techniques and evidence and demonstrate how objects from a distant time? Usually, such investigation is consigned to they can contribute the neurological piece of the puzzle to the study some trash-heap of “imaginings”, things that are simply unknowable. of ancient architecture. Specifically, I will compare and contrast gate I am wondering if this is not a convenient excuse, an embrace of the architecture in the northern versus southern Levant during Iron Age traditional, the tried-and-true, as opposed to an adventurous quest for II (ca. the 11th–8th centuries B.C.E.), with a sidewise look at possible new ways of reading the archaeological record? connections to contemporary temple architecture.

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Philip Johnston (Independent Scholar), “Fragments of Identity: directly benefit archaeologists seeking to adopt high precision aerial Ceramic Analysis, Production, and the Phoenician-Iberian Colonial scanning in their projects. Encounter” My paper explores how production can help us understand the Stephen Batiuk (University of Toronto) and Timothy Harrison societies and economies of the western Phoenician colonial diaspora (University of Toronto), “The Computational Research on the (ca. 825–550 B.C.E.). Previous research has used consumption Ancient Near East (CRANE) Project: Large-Scale Data Integration, activities as a window onto social aspects of Phoenician colonial Analysis, Visualization, and Models for Data Sharing” interactions, and relied on exchange as the primary tool for studying The Computational Research on the Ancient Near East (CRANE) the ancient economy. Production practices have been marginalized in Project is an interdisciplinary collaboration undertaking the integration this previous work, however, despite their importance in daily life and and analysis of data from a number of archaeological projects working in local and regional exchange. This paper theorizes production using within and beyond the Orontes Watershed of the northern Levant a comparative framework that combines postcolonial perspectives, within a single computational framework. The project aims to facilitate economic anthropology, and social learning theory. The framework the analysis, modeling, and visualization of the interrelationships is applied to the activities of Phoenician and indigenous potters in between social, economic, and environmental dynamics at various the Bay of Cádiz (Spain), using a chemical and petrographic analysis spatial and temporal scales in order to address questions about the rise of ceramics from the site of El Castillo de Doña Blanca. A close and development of complex societies in this important region. For reading of the data, with an eye toward technological practices and four years, the project has focused on the incorporation of data from colonial dynamics, sheds new light on the production of Phoenician, a number of archaeological excavations and surveys in southeastern indigenous, and mixed/“hybrid” pottery in the Bay of Cádiz, and on Turkey and northern Syria with the goal of developing new tools for the relationships between the region’s different potter communities. In integrating and analyzing the often-disparate data sets. We have now closing, I will consider how seemingly modest colonial transformations begun to more robustly develop tools for interpreting and visualizing during Phoenician times would propel Cádiz/Gadir to a dominant the results of these new integrated datasets, improve ways to share data position on the Mediterranean stage in the Classical era. among the various researchers of the CRANE Research Environment, as well as to serve as a data aggregator for projects such as ASOR’s 12A. Cyber-archaeology in the Middle East Today Cultural Heritage Initiative. This presentation will summarize the results of our most recent efforts and outline future directions. CHAIRS: Thomas Levy (University of California, San Diego) and Neil Smith (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology), Sandra Schloen (University of Chicago) and Miller Prosser Presiding (University of Chicago), “More Than Just a Pretty Geodatabase: Spatial Data Integration Using the Online Cultural and Historical Neil Smith (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology), Research Environment (OCHRE)” Mohamed al-Farhan (King Abdulaziz City for Science and Most archaeologists have a GIS toolkit tucked into their back Technology), Ahmad al-Hasanat (King Abdullah University of pocket for capturing the spatial components of an archaeological Science and Technology), Mohamed Shalaby (King Abdullah project. Raster images, DEMs, aerial photographs, and 3D models, University of Science and Technology) Luca Passone (King Abdullah often combined with stone-by-stone, feature-by-feature shape files University of Science and Technology), and Thomas Levy (University of units of excavation, record excavation progress from both the of California, San Diego), “New Approaches to UAV-Based Aerial bird’s-eye view and the seat-of-the-pants view. A geodatabase can Scanning of Cultural Heritage Sites in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia” manage such data and can provide tools for productive analysis and The rapid and extensive digital documentation of cultural heritage visualization. But what if the collection and management of geodata is now being made possible through the use of unmanned aerial were to be fully integrated with other more traditional forms of data vehicles and photogrammetry. However, to fully realize the potential capture and analysis? Using the Online Cultural and Historical of this technology and achieve the accuracy required in archaeological Research Environment (OCHRE) as a case study, we will illustrate how documentation, all aspects of the scanning process have to be carefully the tight integration of geodata with both temporal and artifactual controlled. In this paper, an integrated hardware and software approach data (ceramics, bones, small finds, etc.) can aid the process of data is presented that enables rapid scanning of complex archaeological sites collection and greatly enrich the outcomes. at subcentimeter precision and without occlusion or distortion. By using a combination of noninvasive aerial and terrestrial 3D scanning Sandra Whitcher Kansa (Open Context/The Alexandria Archive techniques, the approach is demonstrated from work over three years at Institute) and Eric Kansa (Open Context/The Alexandria Archive the Saudi Arabian UNESCO cultural heritage sites of Al-Hijr (Ancient Institute), “Open Context Turns Ten: A Retrospective” Dedan, Madain Saleh), ad-Dariyah and Al-Balad (historic Jeddah). A In 2003, with support from the William and Flora Hewlett major obstacle faced for each of these sites was their sheer size and Foundation’s Open Educational Resources program, the Alexandria complexity. Each site provides unique challenges in how UAVs and Archive Institute (AAI) began research and development to time-of-flight laser scanning were integrated. The project has resulted demonstrate an online archive of open access archaeological data. in massive datasets and groundbreaking software just to manage and Two years later, the AAI launched the first iteration of Open Context, visualize it. This paper presents the results, methodology, learned best featuring data from several key sites in the Near East. This paper practices, and an integrated software and hardware approach that can discusses the evolution of Open Context over the past ten years. Though

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the original concept was to demonstrate the feasibility of hosting selective use of cultural elements borrowed from the imperial core and diverse archaeological datasets in a single online platform, over time, other provincial centers, integrated with local materials, construction Open Context has become a “data publishing service” that puts more techniques, and objects deriving from the indigenous society. emphasis on documentation, peer review, and integration with other web-based resources. We discuss these developments, which were Jonathan Greer (Grand Rapids Theological Seminary), “Bones and both in response to our understanding of evolving scholarly needs as the Bible: Recent Zooarchaeological Research from Tel Dan and well as changes in web technology applications and social media. We Implications for Biblical Studies” highlight key policy changes, in the government and in professional This paper reviews the results of recent analyses of faunal societies, which have impacted the discipline’s attitudes toward data. remains from the Biran excavations and the renewed excavations Finally, we discuss Open Context’s place in the burgeoning ecosystem (2005–2016) and suggests ways in which these results contribute to of archaeological data. This retrospective allows us to step back and discussions related to ancient Israelite history, society, and religion. view the dynamic landscape of archaeological data, and to see that Specific contributions are suggested for discussions of the origins of it is constantly changing. Data management can never be static, but Israel, foodways and cooking processes, the socio-economic profile requires continuous and long-term investments and intellectual of the early monarchy, and the religion of the kingdom of Israel as it commitment to adapt to changing needs and circumstances. compares and contrasts with that of Judah. Levana Zias (Hebrew Union College, Jerusalem), “From High Place 12B. The Tel Dan Excavations at Fifty to No Place: Tel Dan in the Hellenistic and Roman Periods” CHAIRS: David Ilan (Hebrew Union College, Jerusalem) and Jonathan In the years that followed the Iron Age, the thriving urban center Greer (Grand Rapids Theological Seminary), Presiding at Dan was considerably reduced. Nevertheless, the sacred precinct appears to have persisted well into the Persian and the Hellenistic David Ilan (Hebrew Union College, Jerusalem), “Tel Dan: New periods. Perhaps the sanctity of the site saved it from total collapse and Insights from the Last 10 Years; the Early Bronze and Middle Bronze abandonment. Ramparts, an Unfinished Iron Age Gate, and an Eighth Century B.C. Occupation of the Sacred Precinct at Dan is presented by two Earthquake” construction phases: one from the Persian\Early Hellenistic periods Excavations and research carried out between 2005 and 2016 have of the late fifth–early fourth centuries B.C.E. and a second phase of the answered a number of questions left by Avraham Biran’s excavations, Seleucid dynasty during the third–second centuries B.C.E. While in which culminated in 1999. This paper will present these findings as the earlier phase, the temple and the altar were still active and enclosed follows: (1) The relationship between the Early Bronze and Middle within a temenos wall, in the second phase, they were extended, Bronze fortifications is now better understood: there was an interim although it appears that these additions were never completed. The (MB I) phase between the two; (2) The outermost Iron Age (tenth site was abandoned sometime in the second half of the second century century B.C.E.) gate discovered in 1993 can now be understood as B.C.E. never having been finished; (3) Evidence for an earthquake of the Cultic activity at the site was renewed during the Roman period eighth century B.C.E. was uncovered in two new areas at the center (mid-second century C.E.), though it seems that the city did not of the site; (4) A dense stratigraphy of the tenth–eighth century has return to its former position in the settlement system. The abrupt been documented, removing any doubt about the site’s continuous disappearance of the site’s cultic hegemony should be seen on the occupation in the Iron Age II. background of the establishment of the flourishing sanctuary of Pan at the nearby city of Paneas/Caesarea Philippi. The high place at Dan was Yifat Thareani (Hebrew Union College, Jerusalem), “Physical now obliterated in its entirety. Several agricultural installations were Manifestations of an Imperial Enclave: A Neo-Assyrian Governor’s found, which suggest that Dan had now become a small village. Residence at Tel Dan” In the lack of archaeological evidence for the destruction of Dan it Creation of imperial space in antiquity was achieved by territorial would appear that the site was totally deserted by the fifth century C.E. expansion, followed by processes of consolidation: an administrative provincial system was set up with power in the hands of imperial 12C. New Light on Old Collections officials, conquered towns were reorganized, and strategically-located centers were built. CHAIR: Patrick Degryse (KU Leuven) and Andrew Shortland Following the conquest and annexation of the Hula Valley by the (Cranfield University), Presiding Assyrian Empire in the eighth century B.C.E., a new settlement system was put in place, with the Assyrians choosing Dan to fill the role of Patrick Degryse (KU Leuven), “A Lost Metal/A Metal Lost: Antimony regional center. Under Assyrian rule, the city experienced a rapid Through The Looking Glass” recovery, becoming even more populous. New residential quarters Antimony (Sb) is considered a rare metal, sparsely found in were constructed and an imperial edifice was built. the archaeological record. However, it was widely used for several Analysis of the architectural plan and material culture assemblage millennia as the material to opacify or decolor glass, color glazes, and from Building T1-3/1 attests to the physical manifestations of Assyrian as a metal for copper alloying. In this way, from the Late Bronze Age to dominion in the provinces, especially a lifestyle reflecting “imperial the Greco-Roman period, Sb spread through the entire known world. enclaves.” This involved an awareness of the local environment, the So far, Sb remains an understudied metal. Questions concerning

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the raw materials used (native Sb, stibnite, etc.), their location of Dennis Braekmans (Leiden University/Delft University of extraction (the western Mediterranean, Taurus, or Caucasus) and the Technology), Joseph Greene (Harvard University, Semitic Museum), exact processing technology remain largely unanswered. Nevertheless, Brien Garnand (Howard University), Lawrence Stager (Harvard tracking the occurrence and use of Sb through time and space University, Semitic Museum), and Patrick Degryse (KU Leuven), offers unique perspectives on the invention of early copper alloys “Ubiquitous Ceramics in Unique Museum Collections: The and vitreous materials. In this paper, newly developed Sb-Pb-Sr-Nd Integration of Past and Present Archaeometric Analyses” isotopic methods are presented as a way to study the origin of the Many museums host large collections of ceramic materials from earliest glass, glaze, and Sb-rich alloys. The (nondestructive) analysis past excavations. These collections often represent material from major of objects kept as curiosa in several museum collections allows us to reference sites and are therefore key assemblages for future research. map the spread and use of Sb. The use of Sb in metallurgy and for This paper explores the longue durée potential of the ceramic collection making vitreous materials can be compared. Changes in the ore in the Semitic Museum, Harvard University, from the ASOR Punic sources used can be due to changes in a supply chain, or be due to Project (1976–1979) at Carthage (Tunisia). By integrating carefully or influence technological developments. In this way, using innovative documented excavation data and past ceramic analyses with current, techniques on old collections, we can not only understand how and state-of-art analytical techniques, we can follow new avenues of why Sb moved between the first complex societies, but also how and research. We focus here on the ancient mercantile harbor of Carthage, why craft specialization occurred through the Bronze Age world and constructed during the late fourth/third century B.C.E. south of the how it continued into the Iron Age and Greco-Roman times. Punic city and adapted to both commercial and environmental needs. Since the eighth century B.C.E., Carthage served as an important David Shlugman (Cranfield University) and Andrew Shortland center within the large commercial network of Phoenician colonies (Cranfield University), “Using CT to Image and 3D Print Cuneiform in the western Mediterranean. The Carthaginian ceramic assemblage Tablets without Removing Them from Their Envelopes” provides a key to answering questions about changing economic and Cuneiform tablets are occasionally found preserved in the clay social systems, especially regarding the diachronic adaptation of new envelopes in which they were sent. These envelopes served at least technologies and the impact of mass production and trade. Ultimately, some of the same roles as envelopes today - they protected the contents this study will generate a better understanding of technological and kept the text from unauthorized eyes. While most envelopes found innovation and material connectivity between major port cities and complete have been broken to remove the tablet, some are preserved regional/local production centers, as well as an understanding of in museums with the tablet, unread, inside. This paper reports a study Punic and Roman economic conditions. on using various types of X-ray Computed Tomography (CT) to image the tablet inside the envelope without breaking it. It details the best Eric Kansa (Open Context, San Francisco), Brien Garnand (Howard techniques for this work and some of the procedures required. It goes University), and Joseph Greene (Harvard University, Semitic on to discuss the 3D printing of the images to allow the display of the Museum), “Carthago Reciperanda Est: Online Data Publication of tablet and the complete, unbroken envelope side-by-side. the ASOR Punic Project Excavations at Carthage” Controversies surrounding the historicity of ritual infanticide Marc Walton (Northwestern University), Kathy Eremin (Harvard have divided Phoenician studies, but this debate has raged in the Art Museums), Andrew Shortland (Cranfield University), and absence of reliable data, since over a century of excavations at dozens Georgina Raynor (Harvard Art Museums), “Reconstructing the of tophet precincts have produced few preliminary reports and no Social and Ethnic Identity of Ancient Roman Egyptians through the final publications. Phoenician ritual practices present interpretive Analysis of Their Mummy Portraits” challenges since archaeological evidence is inherently fragmentary Roman-Egyptian portraits created in Egypt from the first through and often ambiguous. Moreover, archaeological research methods, the third centuries A.D. are often considered to be antecedents of particularly excavation, are typically destructive. In order to encourage Western portraiture. Painted on wooden panels, often using wax as greater reproducibility of archaeological interpretations, especially on a binding media, these visages of the dead were originally attached to topics as contentious as possible Punic child sacrifice, archaeologists mummies prior to burial. Here we present the results from a multi- should aim to disseminate primary evidence and documentation as institutional collaboration (Harvard, Northwestern, and Cranfield) comprehensively as possible. in which a number of these portraits were scientifically studied with This paper describes how online data publication can help put the aim of reconstructing their color palette and painting style. A debate about Punic child sacrifice on a stronger foundation of evidence. nondestructive, noninvasive analysis strategy guided the removal Using Open Context, an archaeological data publishing service, detailed of discrete microsamples for more detailed analysis. Analysis of the data documenting osteological evidence, taphonomy, stratigraphic samples by the three institutions revealed a rich palette of both organic context, and material culture will be available for researchers to revisit and inorganic pigments that included a variety of iron earths, red lead, interpretive claims. To facilitate comparison with other Punic tophet indigo, and Egyptian blue. The specific information obtained about assemblages, we will also discuss some of the intellectual challenges painting methods and the overall distribution of pigments produces inherent in promoting wider interoperability, especially with regard groupings of portraits made of similar materials and has led to the to data modeling and documentation. In making these data available, identification of ancient workshops and the hand of specific artists. this paper highlights how data dissemination can and should play a greater role in scholarly communications in archaeology.

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Véronique Van der Stede (Royal Museums of Art and History, Krystal V.L. Pierce (Brigham Young University), “Gender as a Life Brussels) and Possum Pincé (Ghent University), “Hidden Heritage: Cycle Process: Predynastic Cemetery N7000 at Naga-ed-Der in Opening Up and Restudying Collections from Old Belgian Egypt” Excavations in the Near East” Although research on the Egyptian Predynastic Period (ca. Many archaeological collections, both material and archival, from 4500-2950 B.C.E.) has formerly centered on examining increases in excavations carried out in the Near East remain in the storerooms social complexity and the formation of the dynastic state, a few recent of museums and research institutes. Although these collections are studies have examined the relationship between gender and social sometimes the only remnants of now disappeared or inaccessible status, especially in comparison with later Egyptian history. Because heritage, they are often not studied to their full potential. Generally, archaeological material is mostly limited to mortuary contexts for this these collections were (succinctly) studied at the time of excavation, period, these analyses consisted of comparing the differences between now many decades ago, but archaeological knowledge and techniques the quantity and quality of grave assemblages of males and females. have progressed and important new information can be gained In this study, the role of gender in the Egyptian Predynastic Period is from restudy. Furthermore, these collections are often under threat; examined using a theoretical model of gender as a life cycle process. writing is fading, portions get misplaced and lost, preservation state Gender, a culturally and personally defined identity, is malleable deteriorates and shortage of storage capacity sometimes results in throughout a lifetime and is intimately tied to aspects of aging as an drastic measures. individual progresses through stages of physiological development The BArEO project (Belgian Archaeological Expeditions to and social age classes. Changes in gender roles throughout the life the Orient. Heritage in Federal Collections), funded by the Belgian cycle may be represented by modifications in appearance, expectations Science Policy Office, focuses on these old archaeological collections. about appropriate behavior, divisions of labor, and social ceremonies. The first aim is to valorize these collections by opening them up to For example, the advent of puberty might be celebrated in a “coming- both scholars and wider public through digitization and online of-age” ritual and marked by variations in the adornment of males and presentation. Secondly, it attempts to gain further knowledge by females, while infants might be viewed as genderless, with little or no reexamination of the collections using new techniques. One of the new differentiation between the sexes. This paper will examine the human lines of inquiry is the investigation of a set of 1000 pre-Islamic sherds remains and material culture from Cemetery N7000 at Naga-ed-Der from 47 Iranian sites collected by L. Vanden Berghe in the 1950s using in Egypt using a theoretical model of gender and the life cycle in order handheld X-ray Fluorescence (hXRF) spectroscopy and thin section to determine how the relationship between gender and age intersected petrography. This paper will present the manner in which the BArEO across the lifetime of an Egyptian in the Predynastic Period. project tries to valorize these collections by making them accessible as well as present the results of the new investigations. Saana Svärd (University of Helsinki), “Arabian Queens: Constructs of Gender and Ethnicity in the Neo-Assyrian Empire” 12D. Gender in the Ancient Near East The study will explore the Neo-Assyrian (911-612 B.C.E.) textual and iconographical evidence for queens from “Arabia” (to use Assyrian CHAIR: Stephanie M. Langin-Hooper (Southern Methodist terminology imposed upon certain mostly nomadic groups). The Neo- University), Presiding Assyrian texts give the title šarratu to these women. This title occurs otherwise only as an epithet of female deities, never, for example, as Laura Mazow (East Carolina University), “Combat or Weaving a designation of Assyrian or other non-Assyrian queens. I argue that Swords, and the Complexities of Reconstructing Gender in the it refers to a concept of foreign ruling femininity, “a female kingship” Bronze and Iron Age Levant” which was very different from other forms of femininity constructed The existence of weaving swords in the Bronze and Iron Age in Neo-Assyrian texts. Levant is hinted at in both the textual and archaeological records. King Assurbanipal’s (668-630 B.C.E.) campaign against the Furthermore, weaving swords as grave goods would fit the generally Arabians is especially relevant to this argument. Its narrative is accepted pattern of weaving tools in association with female burials. presented in royal texts and on reliefs in Assurbanipal’s palace. It Yet when swords have been found in graves with positively identified requires an explanation that Assyrians, who are noted for their females, the deceased have been described as ‘warrior women’ or the enthusiastic depictions of cruelty against their enemies in reliefs, burial reinterpreted so as to disassociate biological sex and gender. In show violence against women only in this instance. The violence is recognizing the use of weaving swords in the Bronze and Iron Ages, gender specific, portraying Assyrian soldiers slitting open a woman we may find additional previously identified weapon swords whose and pulling out a fetus. This is also interesting from the point of view form better fits a weaving function. In this paper I argue that our lack of Assyrian hegemonic masculinity, a part of which was killing male of understanding of weaving technologies combines with our hasty enemies, not women and children. This performance of masculinity and often uncritical assignment of gender categories to see a martial no doubt relates to the way Assyrians perceived the femininity of quality in all depictions of ‘swords’. Arabian women. This case study gives ample opportunity (not realized in earlier research) for an intersectional study of Assyrian constructs of femininity, masculinity, ethnicity, and social rank. I suggest that they were anomalous to Assyrians, as they were perceived as females, but simultaneously associated with male attributes of kingship.

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Brandelyn M. Andres (Arizona State University), “Expressions palace on the plateau dating from at least the reign of Aretas IV. This of Power: The Appropriation of Royal Masculine Iconography by evidence thus begs the question of the current association of the Ad- Dynasty 18 Egyptian Queens” Deir Monument with Obodas I. There is a relative paucity of archaeological evidence and academic attention regarding the nuanced roles of queenship within the political S. Thomas Parker (North Carolina State University) and Megan system of ancient Egypt. This is not to say that Egyptian queens are A. Perry (North Carolina State University), “Uncovering Petra’s without representation in current scholarship; however their presence Nonelite Population: The 2016 Season of the Petra North Ridge is generally limited to descriptions of their affiliations with sons and Project” husbands. Aside from the parallelism theory of Lana Troy, there Although Petra has witnessed excavation for nearly a century, has not been a concentrated attempt to link these women within a most prior research has focused on monumental structures associated wider contextual framework that would explain how they were able with its urban elite. This project focuses on Petra’s largely neglected to communicate visible and active agency, as a unique expression of nonelite population through excavation of a cemetery of simple rock- political power, within a system that was strictly conceptualized as cut shaft tombs and “ordinary” domestic structures. Prior seasons in masculine. 2012 and 2014 examined five such tombs and portions of four domestic As an initial exploration of this complicated topic, the focus of complexes. Plans for the 2016 field season include excavation of three this paper is limited exclusively to the examination of imagery that more shaft tombs, which thus far have yielded rich artifactual as well as links codified masculine iconography pertaining to kingship to its bioarchaeological remains, further excavation of a domestic complex increasingly common appropriation by queens. This is most readily opened in 2014, and a new excavation area of another apparent evident in Dynasty 18, a rare moment in Egyptian history where domestic complex just outside Petra’s city wall (now securely dated by queens enjoyed an unparalleled level of administrative participation the project to the turn of the second century A.D.). The shaft tombs and influence. An interpretation of this strategy of appropriation were in use between the first century B.C. and first century A.D., going indicates that in many instances during this time period, female out of use about the time of the Roman annexation of Nabataea in political power may have rivaled, or even surpassed, that of the king’s. 106 A.D. Three of four domestic complexes were founded in the first Such appropriation of masculine kingship imagery was a continuation century A.D. (i.e., when the cemetery was still in use). Two of these of a strategy that was institutionalized, in part, by the female king were in turn abandoned when built over by construction of the city Hatshepsut. wall. The third complex was founded soon after the annexation and remained in use until the late fourth century. The fourth complex is 12F. Reports on Current Excavations–ASOR Affiliated tentatively dated to the 1st century and also remained in use until the late fourth century. Both were apparent victims of the 363 earthquake. CHAIR: Jack Green (Corning Museum of Glass), Presiding The domestic areas are yielding great insights into daily life among Petra’s nonelite population. Cynthia Finlayson (Brigham Young University), “The Coins of Ad- Deir: New Numismatic Evidence from the Ad-Deir Plateau at Petra, Jesse Long (Lubbock Christian University), Suzanne Richard Jordan” (Gannon University), Marta D’Andrea (Sapienza University of This paper presents new information concerning the numismatic Rome), and Rikke Wulff-Krabbenhöft (Uppsala University), evidences emerging from renewed scientific research on the Ad-Deir “Expedition 2016 to Khirbat Iskandar, Jordan” Plateau. During the 2013–2016 excavation and conservation efforts The 2016 campaign to Khirbat Iskandar continued work in of the on-going Ad-Deir Monument and Plateau Project, just over Area B on the northwest quadrant of the mound, the location of 200 ancient coins were retrieved from the clearances of the western the EB IV public building and the EB III tower with accompanying temenos entrance to the Ad-Deir Monument as well as Cistern B just to fortifications. A primary goal this season was to expose more of the EB the north of the monument itself. This collection represents the largest III settlement, including the early, possibly prefortification, Phase E comprehensive numismatic grouping ever retrieved from the Ad-Deir that was uncovered in 2013. Along the western boundary, we exposed Plateau via scientific archaeological excavation, and thus puts forward more of the new EB III perimeter wall which was also discovered in new information concerning the occupation sequences and potential 2013, in order to clarify its relationship with earlier Phase D structures functions of the Ad-Deir Plateau itself. Significantly, the coinage of and with the later, “rubble-filled” fortification wall. To clarify the EB Aretas IV (reigned 9 B.C.E. to 40 C.E.) dominates this collection, III/EB IV transition at Iskandar, we renewed excavation in Area C to but a possible coin of Aretas II (reigned ca. 103–96 B.C.E.) was also the southeast. Excavation there allowed us to expose more of Phase I retrieved. Additional coins from the later Nabataean kings, Malichus and earlier materials, to test the hypothesized transitional EB III/EV II (reigned 40–70 C.E.) and particularly Rabbel II (70–106 C.E.) IV phase on the site. To further illuminate the relationship between were also recovered. While Nabataean coins were almost exclusively EB IV Phases A and B, in Area B we continued excavation in squares found in the temenos slot entrance to the Ad-Deir Monument with opened in 2010 and 2013. This strategy clarified our overall view of the no Byzantine examples yet identified, the eastern cliff Cistern B to the EB IV A and B settlements in preparation for a Final Report on the north of the monument contained predominantly later coins from the Early Bronze IV Area B Phases A and B. Preliminary results continue reigns of Constantine I and Constantius II. This paper discusses the to underscore the significance of Khirbat Iskandar as a major Early probable reasons for this distribution of numismatic evidence and Bronze Age site on the Central Transjordanian Plateau. suggests further evidences for the presence of a Nabataean summer

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Jennifer Gates-Foster (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill), Shlomit Bechar (Hebrew University), “The Middle Bronze-Late Daniel Schowalter (Carthage College), Michael Nelson (Queens Bronze Transition: Architectural Evidence from Tel Hazor” College, CUNY), Benjamin Rubin (Williams College), and Jason The transition between the Middle and Late Bronze Age is the Schlude (College of St. Benedict/St. John’s University), “Omrit first transition in archaeological periods that is based on historical Settlement Excavations: Report on the 2014–2016 Seasons” events. The traditional date is attributed to the expulsion of the Hyksos The Omrit Settlement Excavations are in the midst of a five -year from Egypt and the beginning of the New Kingdom (approximately planned excavation of the evidence for occupation around the Roman mid 16th century B.C.E.). Recently, the date of this transition has Temple at Omrit in northern Israel. been challenged. It was suggested that this date should be later and be Clear evidence for occupation in the Roman, Late Roman, ascribed to the conquest of Canaan by Thutmosis III (approximately Byzantine, and Mamluk periods had been identified by the temple first half of the 15th century B.C.E.). excavation project, but the OSEP is providing much more specificity Tel Hazor, the largest Canaanite city in the southern Levant and context for those periods and also extending the range of during the second millennium, may shed light on this debate. During occupation back to the Hellenistic period, and ahead to Ottoman this time both the acropolis and the lower city were occupied and the times. settlement covered an area of approximately 80 hectares, consisting of For example, excavation and analysis of critical deposits during cultic and public structures, as well as domestic buildings. This paper the 2015 season have revealed that the construction of a large stoa will present the urban changes at Hazor starting in the Middle Bronze building lining the approach to the temple should be dated no earlier Age (Strata XVII–XVI on the acropolis and 4–3 in the lower city) than the third century C.E., and that the north end of that stoa was and ending in the LB IIa (Stratum XIV on the acropolis and 1b in the built over an earlier occupation layer, likely dating to the late first or lower city). It will be shown that the major architectural differences early second century C.E. in the city occurred between the LB I and IIa, thus strengthening the Most evidence for the Late Roman and Early Byzantine period suggested later date of the transition to the Late Bronze Age. occupation suggests that the community was engaged in various types of agricultural production and perhaps even distribution. There Katharina Streit (The Hebrew University of Jerusalem), “A are also both architectural indications and artifacts that attest to a Maximalist Interpretation of the Execration Texts – Archaeological Christian presence at the site. and Historical Implications of a High Chronology” Since their initial publications by Kurt Sethe (1926) and George 12G. The Middle Bronze Age in the Southern Levant Revisited: Posener (1940) different historical interpretations of the Execration Chronology and Connections II Texts (ET) have been suggested. While the historical dating remains subject to debate, for the Berlin group a date in the late 12th or early CHAIRS: Felix Höflmayer (Austrian Academy of Sciences) and Susan 13th Dynasty has been suggested, while the Brussels group was Cohen (Montana State University), Presiding dated to the early 13th Dynasty. Thus, the ET were synchronized with the Middle Bronze I (IIA) of the southern Levant according to Assaf Yasur-Landau (University of Haifa), Eric H. Cline (George the traditional chronology. The maximalist interpretation (Albright, Washington University), and Andrew Koh, (Brandeis University), Rainey and Redford) suggested that the cities listed in both the “The Relative and Absolute Chronology of the Kabri Palace and the Brussels and the Berlin group reflect a historical account of the urban Chronology of Aegean-style Wall Paintings in the East” landscape of the southern Levant, while the minimalists (Weinstein, The wall and floor paintings of the Middle Bronze Age palace of Cohen, Ben-Tor) questioned the descriptive value of the ET. Several Tel Kabri belong to a small group of Aegean-inspired palatial art in the sites listed in the texts have not been fortified, or not even settled eastern Mediterranean. Other examples include Middle Bronze Age during the Middle Bronze I (IIA). Instead, it was argued that the ET paintings from Alalakh, and the Late Bronze Age examples from Tel might reflect the political reality of the southern Levant from an earlier el Dab‘a and Qatna. period, i.e. the Early Bronze Age (Ben-Tor), or should be regarded as The Kabri wall paintings all belong to the penultimate phase of more abstract, reflecting a general political relation with the region, the palace, phase DW 4, while the floor in hall 611 was used also in the without any geopolitical value (Weinstein, Posener, Cohen). latest phase, phase DW 3. Ceramic typology, both local and imported, The new radiocarbon based chronology might have significant suggests that both DW 3 and DW 4 should be associated with the MB implications for the interpretation of the ET. While earlier II period. In addition, a set of radiocarbon dates of phases DW 4 and interpretations believed that the ET, if at all, reflected the landscape of the later DW 3 provides a framework for the absolute chronology of the Middle Bronze Age I (IIA), the new chronology would place the the last two phases of the palace. ET well into the Middle Bronze II (IIB). This paper examines the sites This paper will present the insights gleaned from the combination listed in the ET in light of this new chronology and suggests that the of relative and absolute chronology on the appearance of Aegean-style ET could reflect the urban landscape of that period. art in the Levant, and its relation to contemporary Aegean and Near Eastern chronologies.

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12H. Theoretical and Anthropological Approaches to Archaeology with differing temporalities and relationships to their surroundings. III Drawing on the works of Edward Casey, I characterize roads as “intraplaces” and “interplaces,” places within places and the places CHAIR: Leann Pace (Wake Forest University), Presiding between places. Roads merge the liminalities of spatial betweenness and movement. Desert roads, layered with another sense of liminality Neil Erskine (University of Glasgow), “Religiosity in the Iron Age through their marginal and arid setting, thus generate a tension Negev: A Deleuzo-Guattarian Approach to the Archaeology of between connectivity, movement, rurality, and place. I suggest that the Religion” ritual practices at Horvat Qitmit and Kuntillet ‘Ajrûd derived much of Theoretical archaeological methodologies designed to analyze their potency from these senses of liminality, each in their own distinct religious activities, and their transmission through time, are thoroughly way. underdeveloped. The historical preeminence of textual evidence has left scholarship of ancient Near Eastern religions distinctly elite- Vanessa Juloux (École Pratique des Hautes Études), “For Modeling focused and in particular need of a theoretical revolution. However, Power Relationships between Animated Entities in Ancient the field has traditionally treated theory-laden approaches with some Literature: Framework of Deontic Power” suspicion. Much of this suspicion may be justifiably rooted in the lack Could deontic power (DP) be relevant for studying power of methodological clarity presented by archaeologists when moving relationships (PRs) between animated entities (AEs) in narrative between excavated data and theoretical frameworks: a problem largely corpora, and for highlighting their agency? For John Searle, DP allows the result of borrowing theories directly from anthropologists without to adjust relationships between people, according to the categories reformulation with specifically archaeological research in mind. of deontic “function-status” right and obligation: an entity X has the Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari, who are virtually unknown in right to act toward an entity Y, the latter has the obligation to accept. archaeological contexts, present two concepts that provide a potential However, does it means that X is active and Y is passive, especially solution to this problem: the fold, which describes the internalization regarding the PRs, and the organizational structure of AEs in narrative of interactions between persons and with the world, and the rhizome, story? which represents the complex network of experiences that comprises Some of Searle’s deontic phenomena (e.g., duties, responsibilities, human thought and understanding. Together these allow the sanctions) are significant indications for identifying the agency of an consideration of specific persons with specific artifacts, structures, and AE (to be able to act, the desire to act, and the power to act); as such, environments and their continually developing relationships through agency would be a concept that can be applied to understand PRs time. In doing so folds and the rhizome create a clear bridge between between AEs. archaeological data and culture, transmitting theories already familiar By classifying verbs according to the semantic fields of DP, and in archaeological literature such as Bourdieu’s habitus and Giddens’s to key elements (e.g., sphere, context), I highlight how AEs interact in structuration. order to analyze their active or passive status, their level of involvement Using religiosity in the Iron Age Negev as a case study, this paper and to show their agency. uses these Deleuzo-Guattarian concepts to illustrate the reflexive As a sample, I will focus on the Cycle of Ba‘lu from Ugarit, taking processes through which religious meaning is created and sustained into account past and current socio-political environments that display in a landscape and demonstrates a new methodology that can move common features with the studied text. between data and theory with ease and clarity. Can DP be a useful approach to model PRs between AEs of ancient societies corpus for ethno-anthropological purposes? And if Andrea Creel (University of California, Berkeley), “Movement, so, what would be the appropriate common criteria between societies? Connectivity, and Senses of Liminality: Meshworking and Networking ‘On the Road’ in the Iron Age II Southern Levantine Fredric Brandfon (Expedition to the Coastal Plain of Israel), “Black Drylands” Box Wars: The Use of Cognitive Archaeology and Mentalities to The seventh century B.C.E. site of Horvat Qitmit in the Negev Understand Famine in Iron Age II Israel” and the eighth century B.C.E. site of Kuntillet ‘Ajrûd in the Sinai are In 1946, R.G. Collingwood (an archaeologist, historian, and traditionally discussed in terms of Yahweh-Asherah worship, ethnic philosopher) raised an issue that remains a concern for students of identity, and the political developments of Judah and Edom. In the ancient world: How much of our understanding of ancient history this talk, I blend Tim Ingold’s concept of the “meshwork” and Carl depends on knowledge of the mental state of past individuals and Knappett’s treatment of networks and suggest that these sites are groups? Processual archaeologists responded to this question by best interpreted through the lens of an arid and marginal landscape, claiming that culture was extrasomatic, and could be studied without inhabited largely by pastoral communities of various mobilities, with reference to constituent features of the human mind. Postprocessual a particular and specific history distinct from other Near Eastern archaeologists developed theories, such as structuralism, which claimed landscapes and communities. I specifically characterize this region and to allow access to the mind’s workings. Cognitive archaeologists, by its communities as imbued with overlapping and intersecting senses of defining the mind as inclusive of primary archaeological data, i.e., liminality—powers of transitioning and ambiguity—that are born out objects, claimed thereby to study the mind directly. And students of of movement and mobility, aridity, marginality, and betweenness. mentalities attempted to sketch maps of a culture’s underlying concepts As such, I also interpret these sites within their particular and values. This paper concerns the last two theoretical approaches, contexts as sites of roadside ritual at specific points in the landscape history of mentalities and cognitive archaeology. It is a case study

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concerning the development of urbanization in tenth–ninth century Dewatripont 2004) as an analytical tool for investigating the relative B.C.E. Israel. It will show how through the use of both idealistic (history proportions in which economic and psychological incentives factor into of mentalities) and materialistic (cognitive archaeology) theories, organizing and performing real property contractual arrangements in claims about urbanization and the regional administration of Iron Age ancient Babylonian and Assyrian society. The present paper applies polities in Israel can be supported and understood. Reference will be quantitative BCT constructs of individual decision making and loss made to prior understandings of the development of urbanization, aversion (Tversky and Kahneman 1991) in a comparative analysis of including, but not limited to, the work of Frick, Finkelstein, Faust, and real property contracts sourced from two collections: 1) the University Herzog. The paper will propose a new and additional understanding of Pennsylvania Museum collection of Old Babylonian (OB) contracts based on urban storage and distribution of food in response to famine excavated from Nippur and 2) the Neo-Assyrian (NA) legal documents and the threat of famine. from the Kouyunjik Collection of the British Museum. A synchronic (or snapshot) BCT analysis of real property contractual arrangements Lennie Jones (University of Florida), “Applying Behavioral Contract from the OB period is compared to an identical analysis from the NA Theory to Real Property Transactions in the Ancient Near East” period in order to observe a range (as was limited by the availability The distinction between the legal concepts of “purchase” and of/and accessibility to the data) of contractual behavior attributable “acquire,” often neutralized in modern western legal discourse, was to variations in spatial, temporal, and cultural contexts. Results of the significant in Babylonian/Assyrian contractual arrangements, where analysis shed new light on how the distinction between “purchase” “purchased and acquired” (za-rip la-qe) is explicitly stipulated in and “acquisition” served as a primary incentive both for breaches of hundreds of transactions for real property recorded in Akkadian. contract, and for decisions to lease as compared to decisions to sell This paper proposes behavioral contract theory (BCT) (Bolton and property in ancient Babylonian and Assyrian societies.

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 181 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting Poster Abstracts

Georgia Andreou (Cornell University), Kevin Fisher (University of tools, such as those used for butchering, may have occurred early in the British Columbia), Catherine Kearns (University of Chicago), Sturt EB (after the introduction of a soft bronze alloy) or only occurred later Manning (Cornell University), Thomas Urban (Cornell University), and is associated with a hard tin-bronze metallurgy that developed in “The Kalavasos and Maroni Built Environments Project 2014–2016: the later EB. Microscopic butchering marks on faunal remains from Integrated Approaches to Late Cypriot Urbanization and Regional the EBI site of Nahal Tillah in central Israel are evaluated to determine Landscape Change” if the primary butchering tools were made of chipped stone or metal. The Kalavasos and Maroni Built Environments (KAMBE) Project analyzes the development of urbanism, social change, and constructed Gabrielle Borenstein (Cornell University), “New Directions: Results landscapes during the Late Cypriot (LC) period (ca. 1700–1050 from the 2016 Season at Gegharot” B.C.E.) in south-central Cyprus. In its first phase (2008–2013), In 2002 the joint Armenian-American Project for the Archaeology KAMBE explored variant patterns of settlement growth through and Geography of the Ancient Transcaucasian Societies (Project an interdisciplinary framework of geophysical and archaeological ArAGATS) began a systematic investigation of the Bronze Age methods, and argued for locally contingent developments of social occupation at the site of Gegharot located in the Tsaghkahovit Plain inequalities and urban environments during the transformative LC of central Armenia. The excavations that followed revealed impressive period. Since 2013, the project’s methods have integrated a more early and late Bronze Age strata on the west terrace, west citadel, and east expansive array of high-resolution geophysical, remote sensing, and citadel of the hilltop site. After fifteen years of continued operations in excavation techniques in order to investigate the making of cityscapes these areas, the project retains a comprehensive—albeit incomplete— at multiple scales, from monumental installations to regional networks. understanding of the site’s natural and built environments. In 2016, Over the last three years, fieldwork has attended to the spaces within the team was tasked with the decision of how to proceed: where to dig and surrounding two urban centers, Kalavasos Ayios Dhimitrios and and how to dig. This poster explores various methods of engaging in the Maroni Complex, in order to analyze both (re)configurations of informed excavation. It evaluates key criteria for selecting the location the urban fabric as well as to consider wider shifts in regional land use. and techniques of fieldwork particularly at previously excavated This poster presents these methods, such as electromagnetic induction sites. Using the 2016 season at Gegharot as a case study, this poster (EM) and cesium magnetometry surveys, aerial photography, considers the differential benefits of ground penetrating radar (GPR), photogrammetry, excavation, and paleoenvironmental analyses. test trenches, and strategizing from preexisting data. By showcasing KAMBE’s findings, which include the identification and excavation the key findings from and preliminary interpretations of the T38 of previously unknown structures as well as the study of the material operation, it reveals the benefits of non- and minimally invasive culture and spaces of monumental buildings, provide exciting new sampling techniques. data for the analysis of Late Bronze Age social change and constructed Vanessa Boschloos (Royal Museums of Art and History), Athena Van landscapes. We argue that combining such varied methods allows for der Perre (Royal Museums of Art and History), Hendrik Hameeuw more critical, multiscalar interpretations of prehistoric urbanization (Royal Museums of Art and History), “New Light(s) on the Brussels and settlement dynamics. Egyptian Execration Figurines” Jeremy Beller (University of Victoria), Haskel Greenfield (University The Egyptian Execration Statuettes project at the Royal Museums of Manitoba), “Butchering Technology during the Early Bronze Age of Art and History in Brussels is involved in the development of a I: An Examination of Microscopic Cut Marks on Animal Bones from multispectral, multidirectional and easily transportable imaging Nahal Tillah, Israel” system, the Multispectral Portable Light Dome (MS PLD), in It is commonly assumed that the introduction of bronze collaboration with the Digital Lab and ESAT-VISICS (KU Leuven). metallurgy, which signals the beginning of the Bronze Age (ca. 3500– The system creates multispectral 2D+ images of small, decorated (and 1200 B.C.E.) of the southern Levant, is associated with a shift in the raw often fragile) artifacts in order to reduce their future handling. The material technology used in daily life from stone to metal. However, texture/color values on these 2D+ and 3D models are interactive data there are two major changes in bronze metallurgy that occur: the based on a recording process using infrared, red, green, blue, and introduction of bronze as a soft alloy (<5% tin) and the introduction ultraviolet light spectra. Recent tests show that the system can also be of a hard alloy (10% tin). The former occurs during the beginning of used for an initial identification of pigments/materials. the Bronze Age, while the latter occurs during the later EB III and The poster presents preliminary results of the case study, the is not widespread until the EB IV or MB. The question is when does Brussels execration figurines (Middle Kingdom, ca. 1900 B.C.). The the introduction of bronze technology affect quotidian activities, such surface of these clay figurines is covered with hieratic inscriptions in as animal carcass butchering? Furthermore, does the introduction of red ochre or black ink, listing names of foreign countries, places, and bronze automatically trigger a shift in butchering technology, or is it enemies. These objects are crucial primary sources for our knowledge slightly or even significantly delayed until higher quality and harder of the political geography of the Near East, and represent prime (hence sharper) alloys (e.g. bronze-tin) are available? It is unclear if the cultural heritage artifacts. Their study is mainly hampered by a poor advent of bronze automatically signals the decline in use of stone. This state of conservation and by the only partial preservation of the ink study tests whether the adoption of metal technology for utilitarian traces.

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The MS PLD imaging system offers an approach that requires to a vessel and introduces a nuanced perspective on accurately minimal handling but delivers maximal output for research and distinguishing technique. conservation purposes. In addition, the system presents itself as a user- friendly tool and is transportable to any collection or excavation. David Falk (University of Liverpool), “Groundhog: A Computer Test The project is financed by the Belgian Science Policy Office/ Laboratory to Validate Chronological Hypotheses” BELSPO (BRAIN-be BR/121/PI/EES; IAP VII/14: Greater Many new approaches to ancient Near Eastern chronology have Mesopotamia). the appearance of soundness but have escaped critical review because of difficulty negating chronological hypotheses. It would be intuitive Annie Brown (University of Manitoba), Haskel Greenfield (University to think that the increase in available synchronisms would lead to a of Manitoba), Aren Maeir (Bar-Ilan University), “Sweating the Small convergence of scholarly consensus; however, the net effect has been Stuff: Heavy Fraction Collection and Analysis from Early Bronze that ever more new alternative chronologies are being proposed. Tell es-Safi/Gath” The problem is that the number synchronisms and chronological Most modern excavations intensively collect data from floatation, permutations (at least 2 x 1012) have become so plentiful that no including both light and heavy fractions. While the light fraction human researcher can explore every possibility. (floated) is usually extensively analyzed by archaeobotanists, the The solution to this problem is to use a computer system to heavy fraction (or microresidue) is often ignored or minimally assist the researcher. Groundhog is a program suite and computer examined since it requires intensive efforts at the microscopic level to architecture designed to be a test lab to validate specific questions recover and identify the remains. In recent years, a few studies have regarding chronology. The importance of this work goes beyond merely demonstrated the utility of intensive examination of the heavy fraction deriving a new set of dates or error rates, but instead establishes a new from archaeological sites as a means for investigating behavior on the methodological baseline from which chronology can be performed microscopic level. When collected systematically across floors within a by showing that chronological theories are indeed falsifiable when house or building, the analysis allows for the identification of different placed in a broader historical context. Groundhog has the ability to activities that are often less visible with macroscopic remains. take king lists and synchronisms from across the ancient Near East This poster will describe and document the goals and collection and apply pattern-fitting algorithms to show whether such hypotheses methods, and present some preliminary analysis of the heavy fraction are valid. For the first time, chronological hypotheses can be tested from the excavations of the EB III non-elite residential neighborhood in accordance with the interdependent nature of the known data to being excavated at Tell es-Safi/Gath, located in central Israel answer basic questions of consistency. overlooking the coastal plain. The poster will show how the results from heavy fraction analysis may significantly contribute to our Jonathan Ferguson (University of Toronto), “Man and the Land: GIS understanding of early urban lifeways among the urban non-elite. Analysis of the Wadi ath-Thamad Project Regional Survey” The Wadi ath-Thamad Project is a collaborative archaeological Lydia Buckner (Mississippi State University), Dylan Karges program in central Jordan. Its primary focus has been the excavation (Mississippi State University), “IIB or not IIB … Complications in of an Iron Age fortified town and a Nabataean residence at Khirbat al- Distinguishing Burnishing Techniques” Mudayna ath-Thamad, but the project’s Regional Survey has explored Distinguishing the burnishing technique in Iron II pottery and documented over 150 sites in the Wadi ath-Thamad and adjoining assemblages is extremely significant as it provides the lynchpin for watersheds. The human presence in the wadi system is attested from dating vessels and strata to the Iron IIA. Though red-slipped, hand- Palaeolithic lithic scatters to modern Bedouin camps, with homesteads, burnished surface treatment is not the only diagnostic pottery feature fortifications, cemeteries, field terraces, and other sites marking the of the Iron IIA, it has provided a less ambiguous trait than various intervening millennia. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) vessel forms. The ceramic assemblage often provides the initial, and software and other data sets, these sites can be situated in the broader sometimes only, means for dating strata, and while sites with Iron IIA landscape and interpreted in their ancient spatial context. Using assemblages are immediately thrust into the ongoing chronological queries such as elevation and visibility, the sites from each period can debate, the accuracy of distinguishing the burnish is of great be compared to see how the use of the landscape changed over time. importance. For example, the topographic location of small Iron Age fortifications Though it may seem like a black and white issue, this poster will can be queried through the use of viewshed and intervisibility analyses illustrate the implications of internal vessel location and sample size to investigate their suitability as watchtowers. Finally, the densities of a sherd upon its description. The vessel form and the location of and types of sites show how the human occupation of the Wadi ath- the sherd within it, directly impacts the size of the sample needed Thamad and the use of its resources have changed through the ages. to accurately distinguish the burnishing technique. Through documentation of experimental reconstructions of vessels with both Elizabeth Gibbon (University of Toronto), “Community Integration hand and wheel-burnishing, grey areas within the vessel will be and Social Networking: Understanding the Spread of Transitional identified as problematic in distinguishing the burnish, thus requiring Halaf Ceramic Styles in Late Neolithic Upper Mesopotamia” a larger sample size. The purpose of this project is to investigate the social network Experimental Archaeology provides a unique window of structure of “Transitional Halaf” communities that facilitated investigation into the attributes of the ceramic corpus. This poster the rapid and widespread appearance of the subsequent Halaf provides a guide to better understanding the application of burnish phenomenon across Upper Mesopotamia. Recent archaeological

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investigations in the region have identified a short transitional stage and the processes that shape and modify urban landscapes across time between the Pre-Halaf and Early Halaf periods (ca. 6100–5900 scales. cal. B.C.). This period is characterized by the development of a widespread ceramic technological complex that incorporates the Tina Greenfield (University of Manitoba), Haskel Greenfield Pre-Halaf sites of northern Syria and southeastern Anatolia, as well (University of Manitoba), Shira Albaz (Bar-Ilan University), Andrea as Hassuna sites from northern Iraq and Samarra sites from central Squitieri (University of Munich), Aren Maeir (Bar-Ilan University) Iraq. Previous ceramic studies utilizing a chaîne opértoire approach “Anatomy of a Bronze Age Neighborhood at Tell es-Safi/Gath” have identified substantial similarities in technological attributes Recent excavations of the Early Bronze Age domestic between these traditional culture-historical entities, indicating that neighborhood at Tell es-Safi/Gath (ca. 2850–2250 B.C.E.) have the differences between these categories are strictly stylistic and not yielded new finds that appear to be representative of a merchant or technological (Nieuwenhuyse 2007). To investigate how these specific traders sector of the early urban settlement. Trade at Tell-es Safi with ceramic technologies were able to spread so rapidly across such a large its southern Levantine neighbors is nothing new; however, recent distance, social network analysis techniques (e.g., density, clustering, discoveries such as multiple equid burials under the Early Bronze degree distribution, and embeddedness) are employed to explore houses, copper artifacts, “Abydos ware” ceramics, and Egyptian-styled the integration and connectedness of Transitional Halaf sites across beads are suggestive that the inhabitants of this neighborhood had an Upper Mesopotamia. Similarities of proportions of ceramic wares are established trade route with Egypt. Artefactual analyses and results used as evidence of more direct and/or intensive interactions between are integrated and presented in this poster in order to illuminate our settlements. Analysis of the Transitional Halaf network suggests further understanding of the roles Canaanite inhabitants performed it was an exceedingly integrated network, likely reflecting a high within one of the largest Early Bronze Age urban settlements in Israel. degree of social cohesion, which facilitated a more rapid dispersal of Natalia M. Handziuk (University of Toronto), “Tell Rakân II technological innovations. (WZ130): An Investigation into Early Bronze Age Olive Oil Nieuwenhuyse, O. 2007 Plain and Painted Pottery: The Rise of Production” Neolithic Ceramic Styles on the Syrian and Northern Mesopotamian This project is the initial analysis of Tell Rakân II (WZ130), an EB Plains. Turnhout: Brepols. I olive oil production site in the Wadi Ziqlab, Jordan. Tell Rakân II was Savannah Gonzales (University St. Thomas), Christopher Boddy exclusively an olive oil production center, and was likely associated (University of Ottawa), Tony Hartshorn (Montana State University), with the near-by sites of Tell Rakân I (WZ120) and Al-Basatîn Patrick Hill (University of Ottawa), Maia Larios-Sanz (University St. (WZ135). The olive oil installation at Tell Rakân II covers the entirety Thomas), Steve Ortiz (Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary), of the site and consists of a series of vats and channels, all cut directly Mark Lanier (Lanier Theological Library), Janet Siefert (Rice into the bedrock, as well as an enigmatic wall that bisects the site. University), “Soil Memory: Microbial Populations as Biosignatures A sample of the ceramic assemblage from Tell Rakân II has for Evaluating Long Term Effects of Urbanization” been macroscopically analyzed, taking into account the vessel form, Soils store information about the environment and in situ primary forming technique, surface treatment, fabric composition and biological and chemical processes. Ancient soils record these events decoration of each sherd. The assemblage is dominated by holemouth almost as stories that can be interpreted by various interdisciplinary jars, and grain wash / band slip decoration; bowls, holemouth bowls, approaches, including archaeology, soil chemistry, microbiology, necked storage jars, and a few smaller vessels are also present. The and molecular biology. Earlier studies of 700–800 year old soils from purpose of the current study is to investigate the gradually increasing a temperate/subarctic archaeological site interpreted the effect of scale of olive oil production in northern Jordan in order to advance a urbanization through “biosignatures” of the fungal community. Here, more robust understanding of Early Bronze Age economic interactions we present a study that involves the use of bacterial biosignatures and at both a local and interregional scale. The second objective of this element geochemical patterns to evaluate past urbanization dynamics project is to further investigate the pottery of the EB I in the northern from soil samples from Tell Gezer in Israel. DNA was extracted Levant, in order to contribute to a more complete understanding of from 33 samples taken from all cultural horizons (Iron Age I, 10th local variations in ceramic traditions. Century B.C., 9th Century B.C.) across various public and domestic Melissa Hebein (La Sierra University), “XRF Analysis of Artifacts units. All samples yielded bacterial DNA and were amplified using from Tall ‘Umayri, Jordan” the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and bacterial-specific primers. This poster discusses the analysis of artifacts from Tall ‘Umayri, Amplicons were sequenced using next-generation sequencing. The Jordan using pXRF technology. Artifacts and objects from the bacterial genetic biosignatures from each site will be characterized 2016 excavation season were scanned to determine their elemental and its population structure compared with each of the other cultural composition. Basalt artifacts and objects were collected from the site layers samples and controls. This poster presents the (1) state of our and their trace mineral composition was compared to basalt samples current research, (2) preliminary results of taxonomic patterning of from surrounding regions. This poster will discuss XRF techniques the biosignatures, and (3) prospects for future analysis and collection and success applications as well as the composition of the artifacts. strategies. This study will determine if the bacterial community of soils still retains the signature of urbanization 3000+ years later under a Mediterranean climate. Results will be used to determine if biosignatures can be used to investigate repeated urbanization events

184 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

Jason Herrmann (University of Tübingen), Emily Hammer Vanessa Juloux (Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes), “Preliminaries (University of Chicago), Veli Bakhshaliyev (Nakhchevan State to a Hermeneutics of the Action: Statistical Methodology” University), “Multisensor Geophysical Survey of Middle Bronze and To summarize one of the thoughts of Karl Popper, statistical Iron Age Landscapes, Oğlanqala, Naxçıvan, Azerbaijan” methodology allows estimating the weight of each possibility from In March 2016, a team of archaeologists from the University of the frequency of occurrences. He added that methodology used in Chicago, University of Tübingen, and Naxçıvan Dövlət Universiteti natural science could also be used for humanities and social sciences. carried out intensive geophysical survey with a magnetic gradiometer Proceeding from theses propositions, I have selected the following and ground-penetrating radar as part of the Naxçıvan Archaeological occurrences from the Cycle of Ba‘lu, a narrative story from the scribe Project Survey. Investigations focused on Middle Bronze Age and Iron ’Ilimilku of Ugarit: (1) primary data (action verbs, animated entities); Age archaeological deposits in three distinct landscapes in the survey (2) objective and subjective variables (among which are included area: (1) the Qızqala residential complex to the north of Oğlanqala; (2) context, sphere inside/outside, role active/passive, and intentionality). a kurgan field northwest of Qızqala; and (3) the alluvial Şərur Plain The data are being manipulated for highlighting in what semantic between Oğlanqala and Qızqala. Results demonstrate the potential field an animated entity is more active according to variables. From for geophysics to reveal archaeological remains in these three distinct the statistical results, the final objective is twofold: (1) to enable a environments and produced a record of previously unrecorded buried hermeneutics of the action, more specifically power relationships, and and stratified archaeological deposits. Most notably, investigations in (2) to identify the agency (social construction of gender male or female) the Şərur Plain revealed an unrecorded segment of a fortification wall for each animated entity. This preliminary stage and experimental that stretched between the Qızqala and Oğlanqala hilltop fortresses methodology provides strong indicators to reveal, among other things, which ultimately enclosed approximately 80 ha of territory. This the central role of ‘Anatu, notably as a defender of and an advisor to discovery, in concert with surface survey undertaken 2012–2015, Ba‘lu. She is strongly implicated in politics and war; she is the essential confirms the idea that Oğlanqala and Qızqala were once two parts of element for helping him to succeed to the throne and to legitimate an enormous settlement complex that incorporated multiple fortresses. his “royal” status. The statistical methodology reveals undoubted and Moreover, results in the alluvial plain suggest that this landscape meaningfully indicators that are not detected by a traditional reading may have once held many more kurgans, however the general age of of narrative stories. In this poster, I will schematically outline the these structures and validity of this hypothesis should be investigated methodology in order to proceed to statistical computations, and I will further. show the relevance of the method through a concrete example using my analyzes of ‘Anatu. Robert Homsher (W. F. Albright Institute of Archaeological Research), Adam Prins (Durham University), Melissa Cradic Doga Karakaya (University of Tübingen) and Kathryn Morgan (University of California, Berkeley), Matthew Adams (W. F. Albright (University of Pennsylvania), “New evidence for the Middle Bronze Institute of Archaeological Research), “New Dimensions in Digital Age in the Islahiye Valley: Preliminary Archaeobotanical Results Documentation: Tomb 50 of Megiddo” and Archaeological Context of a Recently Excavated Destruction Measuring tapes, paper, drawings, photographs—these are the Layer at Zincirli Höyük, Gaziantep, Turkey” tried and true means and methods with which all archaeologists A destruction layer of archaeobotanical importance was unearthed are familiar. Yet, like any technology, these means have their during the 2015 excavation season at Zincirli Höyük. Excavations limitations in terms of precision, accuracy, efficiency, and archival revealed two rooms of a terraced building sloping down from the quality. Alternatively, over the last few years, new technologies have highest point of the ancient mound, with contents preserved in situ become widely available, and provide archaeologists with incredibly underneath a layer of burned mud brick collapse. Ceramic evidence practical tools for documentation. Our innovative method uses suggests that this layer should be assigned to the later Middle Bronze Structure from Motion, and represents the outcome of several years Age. This context therefore represents the first stratified deposits of of experimentation and problem solving. As a result, we are able to Middle Bronze Age date excavated at Zincirli Höyük. Recovered plant abandon the constraints of analog measurement and documentation macroremains in this destruction layer show a pattern indicative of in favor of quick, high-precision 3D models, digital elevation models, storage contexts with a concentration of crop plants (two-row barley, orthophotos, and digitized plans—all built from digital photography bitter vetch, lentil) and some minor inclusions of weedy/wild plants and total station control points. In no other circumstance is this and insects. The aim of this study is to classify the botanical remains in method better explained or proven than in a case study from the their archaeological context in order to gain a better understanding of excavation of an enclosed tomb at Tel Megiddo; such a small enclosed the taphonomic history of the destruction layer. space presented serious constraints for virtually any type of spatial documentation, but were easily resolved by our approach. This Dylan Karges (Mississippi State University), “Drawn Conclusions: poster presents our purposes, rationale, tools, and methods for fully Clarity and Conventions in Archaeological Illustration” documenting this—or any—excavation context using such digital Archaeologists rely extensively on pottery and other artifact methods. The advantageous results of this approach are many, and assemblages to gauge chronological and stratigraphic changes during rather self-evident, but we especially emphasize how accessible and excavation, to provide relative dating for soils and other associated cost-effective the methods are, and why more excavators should materials and architecture, and to draw conclusions about the embrace this aspect of the digital era. occupational history, along with the internal and external functions of a site. The careful handling of all material culture is crucial in

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maintaining stratigraphic integrity and validity to any conclusions populations. Such rapid urbanization is sure to have many results, one drawn from the data, and this deliberate attention should be maintained of which will be the degradation and destruction of cultural resources throughout the illustration and publication process. An illustration and archaeological sites. Understanding the history of urbanization in can fundamentally change how a vessel or artifact is interpreted and Afghanistan, and more specifically in the important city of Herat, by accepted, so it is vital that illustration and publication be approached integrating a variety of source material, such as older satellite and aerial with the same rigor as research and field work. imagery, new satellite imagery, maps and gazetteers of the country, This poster will provide a visual guide of illustration conventions for this project hopes to reveal how archaeological and heritage sites have pottery and other artifacts adopted during my career in archaeological been impacted by past expansion. More importantly, by engaging illustration. These conventions have a hierarchical structure employing with methods of GIS modeling, we hope to understand the future varying line weights and scale to provide emphasis for the most critical urbanization patterns in Herat and the way in which surrounding sites details. Accuracy, clarity, and continuity in conventions across the may be affected by urban sprawl and potentially apply these results to discipline can ensure that the interpretation drawn from a publication other cities in the region. In this way, it is hoped cultural resources of matches the intention of the publishing researcher. In addition to Afghanistan can be better protected. providing a key to illustration conventions, this poster will hopefully provide a platform for interdisciplinary dialogue to inform and discuss Vivian Laughlin (Andrews University), “The Utilization of Serapis the approaches shown and to further investigate solutions to other, from 30 B.C. – A.D. 230 within Roman Elite Houses in Italy” more complicated material details to render. This poster will present an interpretive historical overview of the Hellenistic-Egyptian Serapis Cult by reviewing its origins within the Melissa A. Kennedy (The University of Sydney), Kamal Badreshany context of the Egyptian Ptolemaic Dynasty and how the exhibition of (Durham University), Jason T. Herrmann (University of Tübingen), this cult was a key factor for displaying the political prowess of Ptolemy Kristen A. Hopper (Durham University), Nadia Khalaf (Durham I Soter, as well as its importance for trade through the Mediterranean University), Graham Philip (Durham University), Helene Sader Sea. The poster will then show how this usage was, in turn adapted (American University of Beirut), “Urban Origins in North Lebanon: by various cultures and subcultures and was promulgated to adjacent New Light from the Tell Koubba Excavations” regions and micro-regions spreading its practices and teachings. In 2015 a joint pilot project between the American University Finally, the poster will demonstrate how the Roman Emperors re- of Beirut and Durham University was initiated in the northern introduced and utilized the Serapis cult, by creating a hybrid form of Lebanese village of Koubba, located approximately 1.5 km to the north the cult and intertwining it within the political prowess of the Roman of Batroun. This village has revealed a rich archaeological history, Imperial Dynasties from 30 B.C. – A.D. 230; thus, further advancing spanning from the Pottery Neolithic through the Ottoman Period. the romanization of Serapis. It will also be noted that this process of Over the course of two seasons, two main sites have been identified. creating hybrid cultic forms, inadvertently created hybrid forms of The first has revealed occupational evidence dating from the Pottery archaeological remains. By examining these archaeological remains Neolithic and EB II. The second site (Tell Koubba II) has revealed a the poster will demonstrate how Egypt provided an integral aspect much longer horizon of occupation, correlating to the Neolithic, EB for the development of the Roman Empire. This resulted in creating III–IV and the Middle Bronze Age. Soundings conducted during the significant ties between the Egyptian East to Rome, showing that the 2016 season revealed a large, potentially industrial, building dating Egyptian culture was as equally influential to Rome as Greece, if not to EB III. This building – although significantly damaged by earlier more. earthwork activity – contained the remains of four large in situ vats. The size of this structure and its contents may shed further light on Jesica Jayd Lewis (North Carolina State University), “Gendered the development of urbanism and interregional trade during in the Dedications of Early Iron Age Crete” northern Levant during the third millennium B.C.E. This poster will This poster examines the deposition of what have been identified provide a brief overview of the project and outline the main results as “gendered” dedications (namely bronze arms and armor, male from the 2016 season, including the results from the magnetic warrior and female plaques, as well as female nude and clothed gradiometry survey. figurines) in Cretan sanctuaries such as the lower sanctuary at Axos, the “Almond Tree House” at Praisos, and the complex of Agio Elias Gwendolyn Kristy (University of Chicago), Michael Fisher during the Early Iron Age (12–6 centuries B.C.E.). The author explores (University of Chicago), Emily Hammer (University of Chicago), the possible connections between these Early Iron Age dedications and Kathryn Franklin (University of Chicago), “Impacts on Cultural and the later gendered institutions of the Cretan poleis of the seventh Resources: GIS and Predicting Urban Growth in Herat, Afghanistan” through first centuries B.C.E.—specifically, the syssitia, the military The shift of populations from rural to urban regions has been the education of male youth, as well as the comparatively “progressive” focus of a wide variety of studies and reports within several disciplines status of citizen women attested in the Gortyn Law Code. The such as geography and urban planning. Cities in countries such as author identifies the Early Iron Age gendered dedications as physical Afghanistan have experienced explosive episodes of urbanization, embodiments of changing power dynamics in the post-collapse period with populations only continuing to migrate and expand dramatically. in Early Iron Age Crete, which laid the foundation for the institutions According to the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, by 2060, 50% of of the later poleis. the total population will be living in urban areas. This is striking because Afghanistan has historically been composed of primarily rural

186 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

Victoria Loose (Brigham Young University), Cynthia Finlayson Justin Mann (The University of Virginia), “The Power of Porcelain: (Brigham Young University), “A New Analysis of Nabataean Coins Authority and Landscape in Early Modern Cyprus” Found by the BYU Team at Ad-Deir” This study analyzes the distribution of the archaeological remains The Ad-Deir Monument and Plateau Project (AMPP) at Petra, of coffee consumption, with the aim of understanding the results as Jordan has recently retrieved 224 ancient coins from the clearance of they relate to local manifestations of authority and power. The source erosional debris in the tenemos slot entrance northwest of the Ad- data for this project is derived from the Troodos Archaeological Deir Monument courtyard. Due to its topographical location, this slot and Environmental Survey Project (TAESP). The survey material entrance served in antiquity as the focal point for all seasonal water from TAESP has been refined to focus on artifacts relating to coffee erosion deposits from the entire southern half of the Plateau, and thus consumption, in this case Kutahya Ware and porcelain sherds, which collected artifacts from all occupation periods present on the Ad-Deir date to the Ottoman–Modern periods. This chronological choice is due Plateau over time. This poster presents a new analysis of the dates and to the sole fact that coffee did not appear beyond Arabia and Ethiopia intensities of Nabatean occupation on the Ad-Deir Plateau based on a until the latter half of the 16th century. To achieve the goals of this careful study of the chronological distribution of the mints of the 224 project, the coffee cup related data was organized by settlement type and coins noted above, as well as the reigns of the kings presented. While compared with the quantity of other contemporary tableware. In doing the majority of the coins found at this site date to the reign of Aretas IV so, I attempt to show that ecclesiastical settlements (e.g., monasteries) from 9 B.C.E to 40 C.E., the analysis presented by this poster will also maintain a similar archaeological signature to the civil elite class. In produce a firmer chronology of the Nabataean occupation of the Ad- other words, the higher proportional observance of porcelain and Deir Plateau and suggest new insights into the Plateau’s importance Kutahya Ware in ecclesiastical settlements would not only highlight the within Nabataean historic and social contexts. authoritative presence of these locations in social matters, as porcelain is a well-known commodity of symbolic status, but also underscore Brita Lorentzen (Cornell University), Sturt W. Manning (Cornell their economic importance. Therefore, this research advocates for the University), Nikolas Bakirtzis (Cyprus Institute), Marina Faka use of porcelain as a key indicator in identifying rural social status (Cyprus Institute), Amanda Gaggioli (Cornell University), “Building on the archaeological landscape. Likewise, this study demonstrates the Environments: Dendrochronology and Cultural Heritage Research important role that authority and power play in ordering the social in Cyprus” landscape, and how archaeology can help illuminate this relationship The island of Cyprus was well-known in antiquity for its through the study of material culture. substantial forests and timber resources. Dendrochronological (tree- ring dating) analysis offers the opportunity to study the timing and Jillian Mather (Western Illinois University), Aren M. Maeir (Bar- origin of timber exploitation with almost unmatched precision, Ilan University), Jeffrey R. Chadwick (Brigham Young University), and provides a biological archive of past climate and environment. “Putting the Class in Classic: A Stratigraphic Trench in the Upper Yet, despite multiple studies on modern trees and forest ecology in City at Tell es-Safi/Gath” Cyprus, almost no substantial dendrochronological research has been Excavating a controlled stratigraphic trench is a classic tactical conducted on the island’s numerous historical and archaeological approach in Near Eastern archaeology. At the Tell es-Safi/Gath wood materials. In response, the Cornell Tree-Ring Laboratory has Archaeological Project in Israel a controlled stratigraphic trench in initiated the sampling and analysis of wood from multiple historical Area F has been carefully worked since 2004. Area F, located in the and archaeological sites on Cyprus, including a series of villages upper city area, on the western slope near the top of the tell, represents abandoned during Cypriot Greek-Turkish intercommunal strife a 20m x 40m section opened for the primary purpose of establishing and resettlement during the 1960s–1970s. An important aspect a complete stratigraphic history of the site, since some periods are of this research includes determining the source of timbers using not represented in lower areas of the ancient city. Periods unearthed dendrochronological methods (“dendroprovenancing”), in order in the 19 distinct strata identified so far range back in date from the to gain important information on long-term use of trees from Crusader fortress Blanche Garde through Byzantine, Persian, Iron different ecological zones and of local or imported forest resources. Age, and Bronze Age levels of the city fortification wall. Area F We concentrate here on the results of dendrochronological study of at Gath demonstrates how a classic stratigraphic trench remains a two historical villages, Ayios Sozomenos and Phinikas, which show reliable method of demonstrating stratigraphy at archaeological sites an increase of building activity in the late 19th century–early 20th in the Near East. century, using local pine timber resources, and subsequent repairs to buildings throughout the 20th century, which eventually favored Latif Oksuz (Mississippi State University), Vedat Keles (Ondokuz imported northern European timber. Ongoing work in interviewing Mayis University), H. Ertug Ergurer (Karamanoglu Mehmetbey former village inhabitants and detailed mapping and image analysis of University), “The Shining City of Ancient Troad: Parion from 2005 the buildings allow further important insights into the recent, largely to 2016” forgotten history of these settlements prior to their mid-20th century The ancient city of Parion is located in the north of the Troad abandonment, as well as the environmental history of Cyprus. region, in the modern Çanakkale province, Biga city, Kemer Village. The city is on the terrain of Bodrum Cape along the coast of the Sea of Marmara. The ancient historian Herodotus first mentioned Parion, and later Xenophon and Strabo also wrote about it. Excavations have been carried out since 2005 in different areas of the site, including the

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necropolis, theater, odeion, Roman bath, the slope bath, and agora. the nature of the Ishtar cult in Mesopotamia and how her legacy is The Parion excavations are becoming one of the most important mirrored in Canaan during the Bronze Age and Iron Age. This analysis excavations in Turkey because of the artifacts that are being unearthed. includes archaeological and textual information and it may shed some The necropolis of Parion was consistently used for 900 years from light upon the early religion of Israel in Palestine. the late seventh century B.C.E. to the late second century C.E. There are different types of tombs that were excavated with grave goods. Paige Paulsen (University of Central Florida), “Preliminary Analysis The theater represents important architectural structures from the of Mollusca Remains at Çadır Höyük” Roman period. An oil lamp, along with a theater mask and sculpture Preliminary analysis of the shells remains from Çadır Höyük of Triton, messenger god of the sea, were found during excavation at shows that the majority of the assemblage is a single type of freshwater the theater. The odeion is the sturdiest construction on the site, and mussel (Unio sp.), found in all periods from the Chalcolithic through the during the excavation of odeion, a sculpture of Artemis was revealed. Byzantine. Terrestrial and freshwater gastropods are also represented, At the Roman period bath, pools and an up-feed heating system were as well as several marine species. Çadır Höyük is a long inhabited unearthed. The slope structure is assumed to be another bath because small rural settlement in central Anatolia with several continuous of the architectural remains, which show bath structures and materials. assemblages spanning the Late Bronze Age to the Byzantine and the The agora has not provided any clear archaeological materials yet, but Late Chalcolithic to the Early Bronze. This study examines the usage the original remains of the structure are thought to have been stores. of mollusks through multiple periods both as a food source and a locally available raw material, adding to our understanding of the site. Sandra Olsen (University of Kansas), “Tracing the Arabian Horse in This work will provide a foundation for more detailed investigation of Ancient Saudi Arabian Petroglyphs” the cultural usage of mollusks as well as serving as a first step to using The origin of the Arabian horse as a breed has been the topic of the shells as indicators of paleoenvironmental conditions. much speculation in recent decades. The earliest clear depictions of horses with Arabian attributes are in Egyptian New Kingdom tomb Elsa Perruchini (University of Glasgow), Claudia Glatz (University art, although it is likely they were initially obtained as war booty or of Glasgow), and Jaime Toney (University of Glasgow), “A Taste of tribute during Asian battles. First millennium petroglyphs in northern Things to Come: Preliminary Results of Organic Residue Analysis Saudi Arabia indicate that the breed had spread to the Arabian of Second Millennium B.C. Pottery from the Sirwan/Upper Diyala Peninsula by this time. This study focuses on petroglyphs near the Region” oases of Tayma, Ha’il, and al Ula, important way stations for caravans This poster presents the preliminary results of organic residue hauling highly valued trade goods, like frankincense and myrrh. From analysis carried out on ceramic vessels from the site of Khani Masi in the beginning of its appearance in the archaeological record the breed the Sirwan/Upper Diyala region of Kurdish Iraq recorded by the Sirwan was closely associated with light chariots, but its eventual value to Regional Project. Khani Masi consists of an extensive monumental equestrian travelers and cavalries is also evident in Arabian rock art. complex, whose destruction is radiocarbon dated to the later 13th Petroglyphs in this region elucidate these uses, but also their physical century B.C. The site is located within easy access to major crossroads conformation, geographic distribution, military roles, and high status. connecting central Mesopotamia with the Iranian highlands, central Even such practical aspects and cultural indicators as training, tack, Asia and the north Mesopotamian plains. From textual sources we grooming, and the practice of henna body painting are revealed in know that the region found itself in the midst of three competing the detailed illustrations. The artists of this region developed a imperial powers during the later second millennium B.C.: Kassite characteristic style for depicting horses and camels that distinguishes Babylonia, the Middle Assyria polity, and Elam. Archaeologically, them both temporally and spatially. Multiple works by the same artist however, we know very little about local cultural traditions, socio- may sometimes be identified based on a host of shared similarities political organization, or the nature and intensity of local interaction in production and form. Advanced imaging techniques, including with imperial powers. GigaPan photography were employed in the rock art investigation. Khani Masi has yielded large quantities of the iconic solid- See http://Saudi-Archaeology.org footed “Kassite” goblet. This vessel form is a type-fossil of Late Bronze Age Mesopotamian relative chronology and it has been treated as a Michael Orellana (Andrews University), “The Legacy of Inanna” material trait of Kassite imperialism. However, we know very little Ishtar/Inanna was one of the most influential religious characters about its function(s) and socio-cultural significance. in the ancient Middle East. The woman warrior, sacred wife, and The aim of this project is to shed new light on the contents of fertile mother is present since the very beginning of civilization in the these vessels and in doing so to begin to build an understanding of the archaeological records, and many of her features are echoed on local role of food and drink in the negotiation of local social and cultural deities. Hence, later goddesses resemble some of her characteristics, identities in this strategic highland-lowland borderland. keeping the core of her cult through generations. She survives political Preliminary results of a new field-based organic residue sampling revolutions and succeeds on high and low spheres of the society. strategy point to the presence of compounds associated with alcoholic Further, Biblical authors refer continually to female goddesses as fermentation and possible flavoring ingredients. competing forces against Yahweh. One of these goddesses is Asherah, who embodies several traits of Ishtar. These facts raise the following question: Why was she able to spread her veneration through centuries? This poster intends to respond to this question by exploring

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Kristina Reed (La Sierra University, University of California, the technological traditions of ceramic production represented at Tell Riverside), Karimah Kennedy Richardson (University of California, es-Safi/Gath. Riverside), Sang-Hee Lee (University of California, Riverside), “Pathologies from the Human Remains of the Early Bronze IB Jane Skinner (Yale University), Timothy Hay (Penn State University), Dolmen at Tall al-‘Umayri, Jordan” Katherine Smyth (ESRI), Jamie Quartermaine (Oxford Archaeology), During the 1994 excavations at Tall al-‘Umayri, Jordan, a Ann Killebrew (Penn State University), Michal Artzy (The University megalithic dolmen dating to EB IB (ca. 3000 B.C.E.) was unearthed of Haifa), “Landscape Archaeology and New Technologies at Tel in Field K. One of a handful of known intact dolmens found in the Akko and in the Plain of Akko, Israel” Levant, this dolmen contained the remains of approximately 20+ The recent excavations at the ancient port site of Tel Akko individuals. commenced in 2010 codirected by Ann E. Killebrew and Michal A joint project involving La Sierra University, University of Artzy. Located on the only natural bay in the southern Levant, Akko California (UC) Riverside, UC Irvine, UC San Diego, and UCLA is frequently mentioned in historical sources ranging from the Bronze is conducting multidisciplinary research on the dolmen’s human Age through the present time. Among the Tel Akko Total Archaeology remains involving archaeology, bioarchaeology, aDNA, and ¹⁴C. In the Project’s primary goals is the development and implementation of new process of determining the Minimum Number of Individuals (MNI), technologies devoted to 3D documentation and to a high resolution the presence of pathologies was noted on many skeletal elements. Due investigation of the environs of Tel Akko and the site within the to the transitional nature of this time period, from seminomadic to context of the Plain of Akko. These include sophisticated and effective sedentary agricultural, overall health was poor from lack of nutrition 3D recording of the ongoing excavation of the tel, an intensive test- and the effects of hard, manual labor. Both subadult and adult bones pitting survey of the mound, and a regional survey of the Plain of present a variety of pathologies. Analyses show evidence of nutritional Akko utilizing LiDAR, 3D photogrammetry, and pedestrian survey. deficiencies, diseases, work-related stress, infections, and fractures. This poster presents the results of our 3D documentation from the Since little is known about this transitional time, the pathologies allow excavation, the test-pit survey on the mound, and the application us to have a greater understanding of the population’s lifeways. of LiDAR and photogrammetry to interpreting the Plain of Akko’s The remains from the Tall al-‘Umayri dolmen present an ancient landscapes. opportunity to explore social, cultural, and environmental conditions Neil Smith (King Abdallah University of Science and Technology, to help create a biological profile for ancient populations. KAUST) and Ahmad Hasanat (Falconviz), “Digital Reconstruction Jon Ross (University of Manitoba), Haskel Greenfield (University of Petra’s Siq Aqueducts” of Manitoba), Aren Maeir (Bar-Ilan University), and Kent Fowler Petra is the Nabataean caravan-city, situated in the heart of the (University of Manitoba), “The Manufacture of Early Bronze Age III desert between the Red Sea and the Dead Sea; it was an important Holemouth Jars and Platters from Tell es-Safi/Gath: An Examination crossroads between Arabia, Egypt and ancient Syria and one of the of Shaping Techniques at the Mesoscopic Scale” world’s most famous archaeological sites. This poster will present the results of a pilot study aimed at The water supply and distribution systems of Nabataean Petra identifying techniques used to shape EB III holemouth jars and (312 B.C.E.–106 C.E.) incorporate traces of hydraulic engineering platters from Tell es-Safi/Gath, Israel. We propose an alternative knowledge gathered through interaction with cities of the ancient analytical method for identifying different procedures of vessel Mediterranean and the Levant. The main city water supply originated forming and manufacture at the mesoscopic scale. Ceramic thick from the Ain Mousa spring about 7 km east of the town of Wadi Musa. sections are scanned onto a computer using a standard desktop printer This system channeled water through the Siq of Petra and basins scanner to create high-resolution digital images, which are viewed connected to the original open-channel water supply system. With and enhanced using Macnification® software. We demonstrate how increasing water needs for a growing population in early centuries this “low-tech” method permits clear and rapid identification of the CE, the north-side “Siq” pipeline extension was built to supply potable features indicative of different shaping techniques to complement water to further reaches of urban Petra. In some of these extension conventional macroscopic (radiographic) and microscopic (thin areas Nabateans built small aqueducts to lift these water pipes, as not all section analyses) approaches. The mesoscopic signatures of shaping areas had associated stone to cut channel into. Most of these aqueducts techniques provides an additional line of evidence to decipher steps have since been destroyed. As a contribution to understanding this in the production chain of hand-built holemouth vessels and platters. building technique of the Siq aqueducts, this poster documents the This is achieved through profiling the orientation, morphology, use of photogrammetry (SfM) to capture on one of these known areas and distribution patterns of nonplastics and voids. The examples of the aqueducts to build a 3D point-cloud model and reconstruct a considered in this study revealed novel structural arrangements model of the Siq’s aqueduct base with the 3D point-cloud as a precise of features not previously discussed in the literature on preferred reference. orientation—most of which is dated, coarse-grained, and suited to Lucas Stephens (University of Pennsylvania), “Tumuli as Landmarks radiography at the macroscopic scale of analysis. The results from this in the Cultural Landscape of Iron Age Gordion, Turkey” analysis evidence a surprising degree of technical diversity and this Archaeologists have become adept at examining the remains of simple method was particularly effective on the coarse ware fabrics of past civilizations at a very small scale, through artefactual analysis, the holemouths. The pilot study lays the foundation for characterizing and at a very large scale, through techniques such as the examination

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of satellite images. However, we still tend to map the medium- approximately 50 ha, making it the largest city in the region. As a scale features of the landscape in schematic ways that mask their part of the ongoing investigation of the history of Gath, a new area of complexity. In many ways these medium-scale features, such as burial excavation was opened in the tell’s lower city during the 2016 season. mounds, roadways, and field systems, are the most tangible parts of Area K is located on the south bank of the Elah River immediately any cultural landscape. This poster presents preliminary results of a inside the Iron Age fortifications. Prior to excavation, a large stone project to digitally map the cultural landscape of Iron Age Gordion agricultural installation was visible on the surface. This area was and to analyze the relationship between mortuary monuments and opened in hopes of clarifying the nature of this stone installation and movement among contemporary settlements. providing further insight into the nature of Gath’s regional economy The landscape around Gordion was monumentalized through at the height of its influence. During the course of excavations, other the construction of nearly 100 burial mounds (or tumuli) during the installations and their components were discovered, although none Iron Age (900–500 B.C.E.). Previous studies have suggested that linear identical to the initial installation visible on the surface. To date, the alignments of the tumuli could indicate that they were built along specific function of these installations remains a mystery to excavators. ancient routes. This project is an attempt to thoroughly investigate This poster will present the finds and their context along with that hypothesis and present the landscape through both digital and several possibilities for their interpretation. As this poster will humanistic perspectives in order to better understand the motivations represent the initial presentation of results from the 2016 season, we of monument builders and the subsequent effect of tumuli on daily welcome the collective knowledge of ASOR’s experienced excavators activities. in hypothesizing the nature of these unique agricultural installations. GIS analysis of the topography between the urban center of Gordion and several smaller outlying settlements has revealed a Charles Wilson (Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary), local travel network within which the tumuli acted as landmarks. “Loom Weight Provenience and Textile Production in a Large Four- A combination of digital maps, videos taken while traveling routes, Room House at Gezer” and 3D models of landscape features provides useful research tools This poster presents the provenience of approximately 115 loom for archaeologists and depicts the cultural landscape in a way that weights found within the Tandy Institute of Archaeology’s excavation approximates past movement. of a large intra muros (ca. 125 m2) Israelite four-room house located at the north end of Field West, Gezer. The numerous loom weights Darra Stuart (University of Kansas), Christina Olson (East Carolina reveal that at least three looms were in use at the time of Gezer’s 733 University), Eric Welch (University of Kansas), “New Agricultural B.C.E. destruction at the hand of Tiglath-Pileser III. At least two looms Installations from the Lower City of Tell es Safi/Gath” were located in the house’s second story, and a third was located in Tell es-Safi/Gath is a large archaeological mound on the border of the house’s ground level plaster-floored room. Taken together, the Israel’s southern coastal plain and the Judean Shephelah, approximately distribution of loom weights and other weaving implements provides midway between Jerusalem and Ashkelon. The Philistine city of important data within the study of Iron Age household archaeology. Gath reach its peak during the 9th century B.C.E., when the city was

190 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas Index of Sessions

ASOR-Sponsored Sessions Archaeology of Mesopotamia 10B Saturday, November 19, 10:40am –12:45pm Ancient Inscriptions Archaeology of the Natural Environment: Archaeobotany and 3H Thursday, November 17, 2:00am–4:05pm Zooarchaeology in the Near East 4H Thursday, November 17, 4:20am–6:25pm 10E Saturday, November 19, 10:40am–12:45pm Archaeology and Biblical Studies Archaeology of the Near East: Bronze and Iron Ages 5D Friday, November 18, 8:20am–10:25am 6D Friday, November 18, 10:40am–12:45am 3D Thursday, November 17, 2:00pm–4:05pm 4D Thursday, November 17, 4:20pm–6:25pm Archaeology of Anatolia Archaeology of the Near East: The Classical Periods 1B Thursday, November 17, 8:20am–10:25am 2B Thursday, November 17, 10:40am–12:45pm 1F Thursday, November 17, 8:20am –10:25am 4F Thursday, November 17, 4:20pm–6:25pm Archaeology of Arabia Archaeology of the Southern Levant 5A Friday, November 18, 8:20am–10:25am 10A Saturday, November 19, 10:40am–12:45pm 6E Friday, November 18, 10:40am–12:45am

Archaeology of the Black Sea and the Caucasus Cultural Heritage Management: Methods, Practices, and Case Studies 4B Thursday, November 17, 4:20pm–6:25pm 1E Thursday, November 17, 8:20am–10:25am

Archaeology of the Byzantine Near East Gender in the Ancient Near East 2H Thursday, November 17, 10:40am–12:45pm 12D Saturday, November 19, 4:20pm–6:25pm GIS and Remote Sensing in Archaeology Archaeology of Cyprus 8F Friday, November 18, 4:20pm–6:25pm 5F Friday, November 18, 8:20am–10:25am 9F Saturday, November 19, 8:20am –10:25am History of Archaeology Archaeology of Egypt 2E Thursday, November 17, 10:40am–12:45pm

1C Thursday, November 17, 8:20am–10:25am Maritime Archaeology 2C Thursday, November 17, 10:40am–12:45pm 3C Thursday, November 17, 2:00pm–4:05pm 7B Friday, November 18, 2:00pm–4:05pm

Archaeology of Iran Prehistoric Archaeology 7C Friday, November 18, 2:00pm–4:05pm 9H Saturday, November 19, 8:20am–10:25am 8C Friday, November 18, 4:20pm–6:25pm

Archaeology of Islamic Society Projects on Parade – Poster Session Saturday, November 19, 12:45am–2:00pm 3F Thursday, November 17, 2:00pm–4:05pm

Archaeology of Israel Reports on Current Excavations - ASOR Affiliated 1D Thursday, November 17, 8:20am –10:25am 12F Saturday, November 19, 4:20pm–6:25pm 5C Friday, November 18, 8:20am–10:25am Reports on Current Excavations–Non-ASOR Affiliated Archaeology of Jordan 6C Friday, November 18, 10:40am–12:45am 5G Friday, November 18, 8:20am–10:25am Technology in Archaeology: Recent Work in the Archaeological 6G Friday, November 18, 10:40am–12:45pm Sciences 7G Friday, November 18, 2:00pm–4:05pm 10F Saturday, November 19, 10:40am –12:45pm

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Theoretical and Anthropological Approaches to the Near East Locating Mesopotamian Civilizations in Highland-Lowland Encounters 10H Saturday, November 19, 10:40am –12:45pm 11H Saturday, November 19, 2:00pm–4:05pm 11A Saturday, November 19, 2:00pm–4:05pm 12H Saturday, November 19, 4:20pm–6:25pm Material Culture and Identities in the Eastern Mediterranean Member-Organized Sessions 1G Thursday, November 17, 8:20am –10:25am 2G Thursday, November 17, 10:40am –12:45pm 3G Thursday, November 17, 2:00pm–4:05pm Ancient Texts and Modern Photographic and Digital Technologies 9E Saturday, November 19, 8:20am –10:25am Materiality of Communication 5B Friday, November 18, 8:20am–10:25am Antioch–a Legacy Excavation and its Afterlife 11B Saturday, November 19, 2:00pm–4:05pm 9G Saturday, November 19, 8:20am –10:25am Methods of Historiography in the Study of Ancient Israel and the Archaeologists Engaging Global Challenges Levant–Joint Session with SBL 5E Friday, November 18, 8:20am–10:25am 9A Saturday, November 19, 8:20am–10:25am

Archaeology of the Crusaders and Their Neighbors New Insights into the History of Sepphoris from the Sepphoris Regional Project 11E Saturday, November 19, 2:00pm–4:05pm 11D Saturday, November 19, 2:00pm–4:05pm Archaeology of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq New Light on Old Collections 4G Thursday, November 17, 4:20pm–6:25pm 8G Friday, November 18, 4:20pm–6:25pm 12C Saturday, November 19, 4:20pm–6:25pm

Archaeology of Monasticism New Light on Persian Period Judah - the Archaeological Perspective 10C Saturday, November 19, 10:40am –12:45pm 11C Saturday, November 19, 2:00pm–4:05pm

Career Options for ASOR Members: The Academy and Beyond New Research on Pre-Islamic Central Asia 7A Friday, November 18, 2:00pm–4:05pm 10D Saturday, November 19, 10:40am–12:45pm 8A Friday, November 18, 4:20pm–6:25pm Object, Text, and Image: Interdisciplinary Approaches to Seal, Sealing Cyber-archaeology in the Middle East Today Practices, and Administration 12A Saturday, November 19, 4:20pm–6:25pm 2A Thursday, November 17, 10:40am–12:45pm 7E Friday, November 18, 2:00–4:05pm Developing Isotopic Investigations in the Ancient Near East and 8E Friday, November 18, 4:20–6:25pm Caucasus Recent Discoveries in the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon 11F Saturday, November 19, 2:00pm–4:05pm 8D Friday, November 18, 4:20pm–6:25pm Encoding Data for Digital Collaboration Senses and Sensibility in the Near East 1A Thursday, November 17, 8:20am –10:25am 5H Friday, November 18, 8:20am–10:25am Forty Years of Excavation at Tell Halif 10G Saturday, November 19, 10:40am–12:45pm 2F Thursday, November 17, 10:40am–12:45pm Sicily and the Levant Glass in the Ancient Near East 4C Thursday, November 17, 4:20pm–6:25pm 9D Saturday, November 19, 8:20am –10:25am The Archaeology of Feasting and Foodways Israel’s Exodus in Transdisciplinary Perspective 6B Friday, November 18, 10:40am–12:45am 9C Saturday, November 19, 8:20am –10:25am The Fourth Expedition to Lachish, 2013–2016: A Report on the First Landscapes of Settlement in the Ancient Near East Four Seasons 3A Thursday, November 17, 2:00pm–4:05pm 3E Thursday, November 17, 2:00pm–4:05pm 4A Thursday, November 17, 4:20pm–6:25pm 4E Thursday, November 17, 4:20pm–6:25pm

The Iron Age I in the Levant: A View from the North 7D Friday, November 18, 2:00pm–4:05pm

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6H Friday, November 18, 10:40am–12:45am

The Middle Bronze Age in the Southern Levant Revisited: Chronology Yerushalayim, Al Quds, Jerusalem: Recent Development and Problems and Connections in the Archaeological and Historical Studies from the Bronze Age to Medieval Periods 11G Saturday, November 19, 2:00pm–4:05pm 12G Saturday, November 19, 4:20pm–6:25pm 6F Friday, November 18, 10:40am–12:45am 7F Friday, November 18, 2:00pm–4:05pm The Tandy Institute for Archaeology (Forth Worth, TX)–A Decade of Research Workshops 2D Thursday, November 17, 10:40am–12:45pm

The Tel Dan Excavations at Fifty Levantine Ceramics Project Workshop 12B Saturday, November 19, 4:20pm–6:25pm 3B Thursday, November 17, 2:00pm–4:05pm

Theoretical and Methodological Approaches to the Study of Dress and Object Biography for Archaeologists Workshop III: A Multi-Vocal the Body Narrative 6A Friday, November 18, 10:40am–12:45am

ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 193 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting Index of Presenters Abadi-Reiss, Yael ([email protected]) 1D Brand, Steele ([email protected]) 1H Acker Gruseke, Alison ([email protected]) 9C Brandfon, Fredric ([email protected]) 12H Ackerman, Susan ([email protected]) 6D, 7A, 8A Brands, Gunnar ([email protected]) 9G Adams, Matthew J. ([email protected]) 2E Branting, Scott ([email protected]) 2B Adcock, Sarah E. ([email protected]) 10E Braunstein, Susan ([email protected] ) 8A, 10H Aja, Adam ([email protected]) 8D Britt, Karen ([email protected]) 5C Al-Sababha, Hussein ([email protected]) 3F Brooks Hedstrom, Darlene ([email protected]) 10C Albaz, Shira ([email protected]) 3D Brown Annie ([email protected]) 2F, Poster Session Alex, Bridget ([email protected]) 8D Brown, Stephanie ([email protected]) 6B Allen, Mitchell ([email protected]) 7A Buckner, Lydia ([email protected]) Poster Session Almansa Villatoro, Maria Victoria ([email protected]) 8E Buffington, Abigail F. ([email protected]) 10A Amrhein, Anastasia ([email protected]) 2A Burge, Katherine ([email protected]) 8E Andreou, Georgia Marina ([email protected]) 8F, Poster Session Burnett, David Clint ([email protected]) 5D Andres, Brandelyn ([email protected]) 12D Burrus, Sean ([email protected]) 11D Arav, Rami ([email protected]) 4D Byers, Gary ([email protected]) 5G Arbuckle, Benjamin ([email protected]) 11F Cakmak, Lisa ([email protected]) 1F, 4F Arbuckle MacLeod, Caroline ([email protected]) 2C Caraher, William ([email protected]) 6A Arkin Shalev, Ehud ([email protected]) 7B Casana, Jesse ([email protected]) 3A, 4A, 8G Arnold, Elizabeth ([email protected]) 6B Casey, Christian ([email protected]) 9E Arter, Susan ([email protected]) 2F Cassis, Marica ([email protected]) 2H Ashby, Darren ([email protected]) 10B Chadwick, Jeffrey ([email protected]) 3D Atici, Levent ([email protected]) 1B, 2B Chalaf, Ortal ([email protected]) 7F Averett, Erin ([email protected]) 6A Charaf, Hanan ([email protected]) 7D Azzoni, Annalisa ([email protected]) 9E Chazin, Hannah ([email protected]) 4B Badreshany, Kamal ([email protected]) 3B Chesnut, Owen ([email protected]) 6E Bailey, Melissa ([email protected]) 2H Christians, Paul ([email protected]) 5E Baker, Brenda J. ([email protected]) 8B Christy, John Paul ([email protected]) 7A Baker Jr., L.S. ([email protected]) 2C Cifarelli, Megan ([email protected]) 6H Balcells, Jose ([email protected]) 11C Clark, Douglas R. ([email protected]) 5G Bar, Shay ([email protected]) 1E Cohen, Margaret ([email protected]) 6B Batiuk, Stephen ([email protected]) 12A Cohen, Susan ([email protected]) 11G, 12G Bean, Adam ([email protected]) 3H Cohen-Weinberger, Anat ([email protected]) 3B Bechar, Shlomit ([email protected]) 12G Colburn, Cynthia ([email protected]) 6H Bedal, Leigh-Ann ([email protected]) 7G Cole, Emily ([email protected]) 5B Beeler, Maggie ([email protected]) 1G Colliva, Luca ([email protected]) 4G Beller, Jeremy ([email protected]) Poster Session Corbett, Glenn ([email protected]) 1E Ben-Ami, Doron ([email protected]) 6F, 7F Costello, Sarah Kielt ([email protected]) 6A, 8A Ben-Shlomo, David ([email protected]) 3B Cradic, Melissa ([email protected]) 10G Bennallack, Kathleen ([email protected]) 9H Craft, Sarah ([email protected]) 10C Berlin, Andrea ([email protected]) 3B Creamer, Petra ([email protected]) 1H Bertini, Louise ([email protected]) 10E Creekmore III, Andrew ([email protected]) 10E Bietak, Manfred ([email protected]) 9C, 12G Creel, Andrea ([email protected]) 12H Biglari, Fereidoun ([email protected]) 7C Crist, Walter ([email protected]) 4B Blakely, Jeffrey ([email protected]) 3F Cuneo, Allison ([email protected]) 8G Bonesho, Catherine ([email protected]) 5B Cyr, Howard ([email protected]) 5E Bonnie, Rick ([email protected]) 5H Damick, Alison ([email protected]) 9H Borenstein, Gabrielle ([email protected]) Poster Session Danti, Michael ([email protected]) 8G, 9H Borowski, Oded ([email protected]) 2F Darby, Erin ([email protected]) 5E, 1G Boschloos, Vanessa ([email protected]) 7E, Poster Session Darby, Robert ([email protected]) 1F Bourogiannis, Giorgos ([email protected]) 7B Davey, Christopher ([email protected]) 7B Boustan, Ra'anan ([email protected]) 5C David, Jonathan ([email protected]) 1F Braekmans, Dennis ([email protected]) 12C Davis, Suzanne ([email protected]) 1E

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Davis, Brent ([email protected]) 6A Gadot, Yuval ([email protected]) 3A, 6F, 7F Davis, Thomas ([email protected]) 2D Ganor, Saar ([email protected]) 3E De Giorgi, Andrea U. ([email protected]) 9G Gansell, Amy ([email protected]) 1A De Graef, Katrien ([email protected]) 7E Garfinkel. Yosef ([email protected]) 3E, 4E de Hemmer Gudme, Anne Katrine ([email protected]) 9A Gates-Foster, Jennifer ([email protected]) 4F DeGrado, Jessie ([email protected]) 4H Genz, Hermann ([email protected]) 8H Degryse, Patrick ([email protected]) 12C Geraty, Larry ([email protected]) 9C DeRose Evans, Jane ([email protected]) 4F Gibbon, Elizabeth ([email protected]) Poster Session Dessel, J. P. ([email protected]) 1D, 2F Giglio, Rossella ([email protected]) 4C Dever, William G. 6D Glatz, Claudia ([email protected]) 11A Di Ludovico, Alessandro ([email protected]) 1A Gluhak, Tatjana Mirjam ([email protected]) 10F Dieleman, Jacco ([email protected]) 4H Gonzales, Savannah ([email protected]) Poster Session Dixon, Helen ([email protected]) 8H, 10G Goodman, Reed ([email protected]) 10B Dobbin-Bennett, Tasha ([email protected]) 10H Gopnik, Hilary ([email protected]) 4B Dolan, Annlee ([email protected]) 6G Gordon, Benjamin ([email protected]) 11D Donald, Alexander ([email protected]) 5F Gordon, Jody Michael ([email protected]) 10F Dougherty, Sean ([email protected]) 8B Graf, David ([email protected]) 7G Drennan, Emily ([email protected]) 7H Graham, Lisa ([email protected]) 1E Durgun, Pinar ([email protected]) 3A Green, Mark ([email protected]) 5G Earley-Spadoni, Tiffany ([email protected]) 4B Green, Jack ([email protected]) 8A, 9D, 12F Ebeling, Jennie ([email protected]) 6B Greene, Nathaniel ([email protected]) 9E Eblighatian, Ani ([email protected]) 9G Greenfield, Haskel ([email protected]) 3D Edwards, Steven ([email protected]) 5G, 6G, 7G, 11H Greenfield, Tina ([email protected]) 6B, Poster Session Eger, Asa ([email protected]) 9G, 10C Greer, Jonathan ([email protected]) 12B Ehrlich, Simeon ([email protected]) 4F Gregoricka, Lesley ([email protected]) 8B, 9B Elkins, Stefanie ([email protected]) 7H Grey, Matthew ([email protected]) 5C Emberling, Geoff ([email protected]) 8A Grimsley, Lucas ([email protected]) 9F Erb-Satullo, Nathaniel ([email protected]) 4B Groom, Kaelin ([email protected]) 1E Eremin, Katherine ([email protected]) 9D Hackley, Laurel Darcy ([email protected]) 2C Erickson, Bradley ([email protected]) 10F Hagbi, Moran ([email protected]) 6F Erskine, Neil ([email protected]) 12H Hammer, Emily ([email protected]) 3A, 4A, 10D Ertsen, Maurits ([email protected]) 4A Handziuk, Natalia M. ([email protected]) Poster Escobar, Eduardo ([email protected]) 9D Session Esmaeili Jelodar, Mohammad Esmaeil ([email protected]) 8C Harrower, Michael ([email protected]) 5A, 10A Fagan, Elizabeth ([email protected]) 4B Hartnell, Tobin ([email protected]) 7C Falconer, Steve ([email protected]) 11G Harvey, Craig A. ([email protected]) 7G Falk, David ([email protected]) 9C, Poster Session Hasel, Michael ([email protected]) 3E, 4E Feinman, Peter ([email protected]) 5D Hauser, Rick ([email protected]) 6A, 11H Feldman, Marian ([email protected]) 11B Hawkins, Ralph ([email protected]) 4A Ferguson, Jonathan ([email protected]) Poster Session Hebein. Melissa ([email protected]) Poster Session Finlayson, Cynthia ([email protected]) 12F Heffron, Yagmur ([email protected]) 3G Fisher, Michael ([email protected]) 10B Hendel. Ronald ([email protected]) 9A Fisher, Kevin ([email protected]) 8F Henderson, Julian ([email protected]) 9D Fletcher, Christopher ([email protected]) 8F Herrmann, Virginia ([email protected]) 2B Foran, Debra ([email protected]) 2H, 5G, 6G, 7G Herrmann, Nicholas ([email protected]) 9B Foster, Catherine ([email protected]) 5E Herrmann, Jason ([email protected]) Poster Session Fox, Sherry C. ([email protected]) 8D Hestand, Elizabeth ([email protected]) 1D Franklin, Kathryn ([email protected]) 4A Heyn, Maura ([email protected]) 6H Fraser, James ([email protected]) 4A Highcock, Nancy ([email protected]) 3G Frevel, Christian ([email protected]) 1H Hill, Austin ([email protected]) 8F Friedrich, Elke ([email protected]) 5H Hitchcock, Louise ([email protected]) 3G Fu, Janling ([email protected]) 8D Hjazeen, Husam ([email protected]) 6G Fuller, Michael ([email protected]) 11E Hoffman, Tracy ([email protected] ) 11E Fulton, Deirdre ([email protected]) 6B, 9A Hoffmeier, James ([email protected]) 1C, 2C Gaber, Pamela ([email protected]) 9F Höflmayer, Felix ([email protected]) 11G, 12G

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Holum, Kenneth G. ([email protected]) 2H Kreppner, Florian Janoshca ([email protected]) 8G Homan, Michael ([email protected]) 3D Kristy, Gwendolyn ([email protected]) Poster Session Homsher, Robert ([email protected]) 6C, Poster Session LaBianca, Øystein ([email protected]) 5E Hong, Soonhwa ([email protected]) 3E Laneri, Nicola ([email protected]) 10H Honoré, Emmanuelle ([email protected]) 8E Langin-Hooper, Stephanie ([email protected]) 10G, 12D Hopkins, Amanda ([email protected]) 5G Langlois, Michael ([email protected]) 3H, 4H, 9E Horejs, Barbara ([email protected]) 1B Lanzarone, Giorgia ([email protected]) 4C Hughes, Ryan ([email protected]) 4B Larson, Katherine ([email protected]) 9D Hulin, Linda ([email protected]) 7B Lau, Hannah ([email protected]) 11F Hutchinson, Amber ([email protected]) 2C Laughlin, Vivian ([email protected]) Poster Session Ilan, David ([email protected]) 12B Lauinger, Jacob ([email protected]) 5B Ingman, Tara ([email protected]) 10H Lauricella, Anthony ([email protected]) 8F Irvine, Benjamin ([email protected]) 11F Le Blanc, Robyn ([email protected]) 11E Isaac, Moise ([email protected]) 7H Lerner, Jeffrey ([email protected]) 10D Itach, Gilad ([email protected]) 4D Lesnes, Elisabeth ([email protected]) 4C Jameson, Matthew ([email protected]) 5A Levy, Thomas ([email protected]) 7F, 9C, 12A Jamison, Gregg ([email protected]) 7E Lewis, Jesica Jayd ([email protected]) Poster Session Janzen, Mark D. ([email protected]) 2D Lipschits, Oded ([email protected]) 1D, 11C Jensen, Eric ([email protected]) 7D Liss, Brady ([email protected]) 10F Ji, Chang-Ho ([email protected]) 6G Long, Jesse ([email protected]) 5G, 6G, 7G Jimenez, Lissette ([email protected]) 10G Long, Rolland ([email protected]) 3A Joblonkay, Darren ([email protected]) 1A Long, Jesse ([email protected]) 12F Johnston, Philip ([email protected]) 11H Loose, Victoria ([email protected]) Poster Session Jones, Michael ([email protected]) 3C Lorentz, Kirsi O. ([email protected]) 8B Jones, Ian ([email protected]) 11E Lorentzen, Brita ([email protected]) 6E, Poster Session Jones, Charles ([email protected] ) 2E Lucarelli, Rita ([email protected]) 11B Jones, Lennie ([email protected]) 12H Ludvik, Geoffrey ([email protected]) 5A Judd, Margaret A. ([email protected] ) 9B Maeir, Aren ([email protected]) 1D Juloux, Vanessa ([email protected]) 1A, 12H, Poster Session Magee, Peter ([email protected]) 5A, 10A Jusseret, Simon ([email protected]) 5F Magness, Jodi ([email protected]) 5C, 6F Kaercher, Kyra ([email protected]) 4G, 8G Makris, Giorgos ([email protected]) 10C Kahn, Dan'el ([email protected]) 1C Malko, Helen ([email protected]) 1G, 2G Kang, Hoo-Goo ([email protected]) 3E Mandell, Alice ([email protected]) 5B Kansa, Sarah Whitcher ([email protected]) 12A Mann, Justin ([email protected]) Poster Session Kansa, Eric ([email protected]) 12C Manning, Sturt ([email protected]) 11G Kaptijn, Eva ([email protected]) 10A Marciniak, Arkadiusz ([email protected]) 1B Karacic, Steven ([email protected]) 4D Marklein, Kathryn E. ([email protected]) 9B Karakaya, Doga ([email protected]) 7D, Poster Marshall, Maureen ([email protected]) 11F Session Marston, John ([email protected]) 11E Karasik, Avshalom ([email protected]) 4D Martino, Shannon ([email protected]) 1A Karges, Dylan ([email protected]) Poster Session Master, Daniel ([email protected]) 8D Kearns, Catherine ([email protected]) 3A Mataix-Ferrándiz, Emilia ([email protected]) 11B Kennedy, Melissa A. ([email protected]) Poster Session Mather, Jillian ([email protected]) Poster Session Kenoyer, Jonathan Mark ([email protected]) 5A Matskevich, Sveta ([email protected]) 1A Kersel, Morag ([email protected]) 6A Mattila, Sharon ([email protected]) 11H Killebrew, Ann E. ([email protected]) 6D Maxwell-Jones, Charlotte ([email protected]) 10D Klingbeil, Martin ([email protected]) 3E Mazow, Laura ([email protected]) 12D Knoblauch, Ann-Marie ([email protected]) 9F McCaffrey, Kathleen ([email protected]) 6H Knoppers, Gary ([email protected]) 7F McCane, Byron R ([email protected]) 1F Kobs, Carroll ([email protected]) 5G McCarthy, Andrew ([email protected]) 2A Koch, Ido ([email protected]) 3D McFerrin, Neville ([email protected]) 6H Koh, Andrew ([email protected]) 10F McGeough, Kevin ([email protected]) 2E Kondyli, Fotini ([email protected]) 10C McKinny, Chris ([email protected]) 5D Konstantopoulos, Gina ([email protected]) 2A McMahon, Gregory ([email protected]) 2B Kreimerman, Igor ([email protected] ) 4E Meiberg, Linda ([email protected]) 1H

196 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

Meiggs, David ([email protected]) 11F Pumphrey, Nicholaus ([email protected]) 6C Meyers, Eric ([email protected]) 11D Qasim, Hasan ([email protected]) 4G Meyers, Carol ([email protected]) 11D Rahimi, Fahim ([email protected]) 10D Mickel, Allison ([email protected]) 1E Ramadan, Tareq ([email protected]) 3F Miller Bonney, Emily ([email protected]) 6A, 7A, 8A, 11H Ramazzotti, Marco ([email protected]) 4A Mitchell, Eric ([email protected]) 2D Ramsay, Jennifer ([email protected]) 10E Monnickendam-Givon, Barak ([email protected]. Randall, Ian ([email protected]) 2H ac.il) 3B Ratzlaff, Alexandra ([email protected]) 6C Monroe, M. Willis ([email protected]) 11B Rau, Michele ([email protected]) 11H Monroe, Lauren ([email protected]) 9A Rawlings, Tiffany ([email protected]) 10E Moore, R. Scott ([email protected]) 9F Redding, Richard ([email protected]) 3C Morton, Jenna ([email protected]) 1E Redford, Donald ([email protected]) 1C Moster, David Z. ([email protected]) 3H Reed, Kristina ([email protected]) 9B, Poster Session Muhs, Brian ([email protected]) 9G Reeves, M. Barbara ([email protected]) 7G Müller, Vera ([email protected]) 8E Reeves, Rebecca Nicole ([email protected]) 10B Mullins, Robert ([email protected]) 1D Regev, Johanna ([email protected]) 7F Mumford, Greg ([email protected]) 1C, 2C Rendu Loisel, Anne-Caroline ([email protected]) 5H Mutin, Benjamin ([email protected]) 7C Renette, Steve ([email protected]) 11A Nelson, Thaddeus ([email protected]) 3G Ricci, Alessandra ([email protected] ) 10C Neumann, Kiersten ([email protected]) 1H, 5H, 7H, 10G Richey, Matthew ([email protected]) 4H Nigro, Lorenzo ([email protected]) 4C Ristvet, Lauren ([email protected]) 10B Nugent, Selin ([email protected]) 11F Rivas, Abelardo ([email protected]) 6G Nurmikko-Fuller, Terhi ([email protected]) 1A Rodriguez, Leticia R. ([email protected]) 1G Nurpetlian, Jack ([email protected]) 8H Rollston, Christopher ([email protected]) 9E Oksuz, Latif ([email protected]) Poster Session Rosenbaum, Jonathan ([email protected]) 5D, 6D Olsen, Sandra ([email protected]) Poster Session Rosenzweig, Melissa ([email protected]) 10E Olson, Kyle ([email protected]) 7C Ross, Jon ([email protected]) Poster Session Olson, Christina ([email protected]) 2E Roth, Helena ([email protected]) 6F Orellana, Michael ([email protected]) Poster Session Rowan, Yorke ([email protected]) 9H Ortiz, Steven ([email protected]) 2D Rupley, Eric ([email protected]) 4A Osborne, James ([email protected]) 9A Rutz, Matthew ([email protected]) 11A Pace, Leann ([email protected]) 10H, 12H Sader, Helene ([email protected]) 8H Pagé-Perron, Émilie ([email protected]) 1A Saeedi, Sepideh ([email protected]) 7C Parker, S. Thomas ([email protected]) 12F Saladino Haney, Lisa ([email protected]) 2G Parker, Heather ([email protected]) 3H, 4H Sanders, Akiva ([email protected]) 2B Pataï, Véronique ([email protected]) 7E Sandhaus, Debora ([email protected]) 11C Paul, Katie ([email protected]) 5E Sauvage, Caroline ([email protected]) 5F, 7B Paul, Jarrad W. ([email protected]) 9H Scalf, Foy ([email protected]) 11B Paulette, Tate ([email protected]) 6B Schade, Aaron ([email protected]) 2G Paulsen, Paige ([email protected]) Poster Session Schindler, Daniel ([email protected]) 5C Peleg-Barkat, Orit ([email protected]) 3G Schneider, Thomas ([email protected]) 9C Perez, Daniel ([email protected]) 4E Schowalter, Daniel ([email protected]) 12F Perruchini, Elsa ([email protected]) Poster Session Schwall, Christoph ([email protected]) 1B Peters, Ilana ([email protected]) 6F Schwartz, Glenn ([email protected]) 4G, 8G Petrovich, Douglas ([email protected]) 3H Scott, Gerry ([email protected]) 3C Pfeiffer, Kristina ([email protected]) 10A Scott, Sarah ([email protected]) 2A, 7E Pickett, Jordan ([email protected]) 10C Seger, Joe ([email protected]) 2F Pierce, Krystal V.L. ([email protected]) 2C, 12D Selover, Stephanie ([email protected]) 2B Pierce, George ([email protected]) 6E Serwint, Nancy ([email protected]) 4D, 5F, 6A, 9F Pilaar Birch, Suzanne E. ([email protected]) 1B Shafer-Elliott, Cynthia ([email protected]) 2F Pinarello, Massimiliano ([email protected]) 6A Shai, Itzhaq ([email protected]) 6E Pittman, Holly ([email protected]) 7C, 8C, 11A Shalom, Nitsan ([email protected]) 11C Pizzimenti, Sara ([email protected]) 7D Shapiro, Anastasia ([email protected]) 3B Porten, Bezalel ([email protected]) 4H Sharon, Ilan ([email protected]) 4F Prosser, Miller ([email protected]) 12A Sharp, Casey ([email protected]) 6E

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Shatil, Noa ([email protected]) 11C Vila, David ([email protected]) 6C Shavit, Alon ([email protected]) 8F von Baeyer, Madelynn ([email protected]) 10E Shearman, John ([email protected]) 3C Vorderstrasse, Tasha ([email protected]) 11E Shelley, Nathanael ([email protected]) 2G Wachsmann, Shelley ([email protected]) 1C Sheridan, Susan Guise ([email protected]) 8B Wagner-Durand, Elisabeth ([email protected]) 7D Shivtiel, Yinon ([email protected]) 5D Waiman-Barak, Paula ([email protected]) 3B Shortland, Andrew ([email protected]) 12C Waliszewski, Tomasz ([email protected]) 8H Silvia, Phillip ([email protected]) 6E Walker, Bethany ([email protected]) 3F Simmons, Alan ([email protected]) 5F Walton, Marc ([email protected]) 12C Singleton, Justin ([email protected]) 4C Walton, Joshua ([email protected]) 9H Skinner, Jane ([email protected]) Poster Session Warner, Daniel ([email protected]) 6C Smith, Alexia ([email protected]) 4G Washburn, Jody ([email protected]) 5B Smith, Michael ([email protected]) 7A Watrin Luc ([email protected]) 8E Smith, Neil ([email protected]) 12A, Poster Session Wearne, Gareth ([email protected]) 4H Smith, Joanna ([email protected]) 1G Webb, Philip ([email protected]) 1D Soltic, Bruno ([email protected]) 10F Weiss, Zeev ([email protected]) 1F Sonik, Karen ([email protected]) 2A Weiss, Shifra ([email protected]) 4E Soroush, Mehrnoush ([email protected]) 8C Weissbein, Itamar ([email protected]) 4E Sparks, Brad C. ([email protected]) 9C Welch, Eric ([email protected]) 3D Spigel, Chad ([email protected]) 11D Wells, Martin ([email protected]) 5C Spurrier, Tracy ([email protected]) 7H Wells, Eric ([email protected]) 5B Squitieri, Andrea ([email protected]) 11A Welton, Lynn ([email protected]) 7D St. Laurent. Beatrice ([email protected]) 3F Wenner, Sarah ([email protected]) 7G Stager, Lawrence ([email protected]) 6D White, Jonathan ([email protected]) 3A Stahl, Alan ([email protected]) 9G White Crawford, Sidnie ([email protected]) 2D Steadman, Sharon R. ([email protected]) 2B Wilczynski, Suzi ([email protected]) 7A Steinberg, Aliza ([email protected]) 6H Wilson, Emily ([email protected]) 8C Stephens, Lucas ([email protected]) Poster Session Wilson, Charles ([email protected]) Poster Session Stewart, Michael ([email protected]) 2F Wilson-Wright, Aren ([email protected]) 3H Stocker, Maxwell ([email protected]) 2G Winter, Frederick ([email protected]) 7A Stone, Elizabeth ([email protected]) 10B Wissler, Amanda ([email protected]) 10H Streit, Katharina ([email protected]) 12G Wolff, Samuel ([email protected]) 2E Stronach, David ([email protected]) 8C Wueste, Elizabeth ([email protected]) 5B Stuart, Darra ([email protected]) Poster Session Xin, Wu ([email protected]) 10D Suriano, Matthew ([email protected]) 9A Yalcin, Serdar ([email protected]) 1G, 2G Svärd, Saana ([email protected]) 12D Yasur-Landau, Assaf ([email protected]) 12G Swan, Carolyn ([email protected]) 5C, 9D Yazicioglu Santamaria, G. Bike ([email protected]) 11F Swantek, Laura ([email protected]) 5F Younger, K. Lawson ([email protected]) 1C Swerida, Jennifer ([email protected]) 10A Younker, Randall ([email protected]) 4C Tarquinio, Daniella ([email protected]) 9B Yoyotte, Marine ([email protected]) 7B Tendler, Avraham ([email protected]) 1F Zangani, Federico ([email protected]) 2C Teutonico, Jeanne Marie ([email protected]) 8A Zevit, Ziony ([email protected]) 6D Thareani, Yifat ([email protected]) 12B Zias, Levana ([email protected]) 12B Thavapalan, Shiyanthi ([email protected]) 5H Zimansky, Paul ([email protected]) 10B Thomas, Zachary ([email protected]) 5D Zimmerle, William ([email protected]) 5A Thomason, Allison ([email protected]) 1H, 5H, 7H Zimmerman, Michael ([email protected]) 4F Todd, Alan ([email protected]) 11D Zwickel, Wolfgang ([email protected]) 5D Topcuoglu, Oya ([email protected]) 2A, 7E Tyson, Craig ([email protected]) 5G Uziel, Joe ([email protected]) 7F Valk, Jonathan ([email protected]) 2G Van de Ven, Annelies ([email protected]) 6A Van der Stede, Véronique ([email protected]) 12C Vandam, Ralf ([email protected]) 1B Verduci, Josephine ([email protected]) 3D

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200 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 November 16–19 | San Antonio, Texas

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ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 | 203 American Schools of Oriental Research | 2016 Annual Meeting

______CONTACTS ______

204 | ASOR PROGRAM GUIDE 2016 CONNECT WITH ASOR ONLINE!

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