1 Medical Student's Amnesia a Transient Selective Loss of Memory During an Exam That Prevents One from Remem
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USMLE – What's It
Purpose of this handout Congratulations on making it to Year 2 of medical school! You are that much closer to having your Doctor of Medicine degree. If you want to PRACTICE medicine, however, you have to be licensed, and in order to be licensed you must first pass all four United States Medical Licensing Exams. This book is intended as a starting point in your preparation for getting past the first hurdle, Step 1. It contains study tips, suggestions, resources, and advice. Please remember, however, that no single approach to studying is right for everyone. USMLE – What is it for? In order to become a licensed physician in the United States, individuals must pass a series of examinations conducted by the National Board of Medical Examiners (NBME). These examinations are the United States Medical Licensing Examinations, or USMLE. Currently there are four separate exams which must be passed in order to be eligible for medical licensure: Step 1, usually taken after the completion of the second year of medical school; Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK), this is usually taken by December 31st of Year 4 Step 2 Clinical Skills (CS), this is usually be taken by December 31st of Year 4 Step 3, typically taken during the first (intern) year of post graduate training. Requirements other than passing all of the above mentioned steps for licensure in each state are set by each state’s medical licensing board. For example, each state board determines the maximum number of times that a person may take each Step exam and still remain eligible for licensure. -
Cytomegalovirus Infection of the Human Gastrointestinal Tract
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology (1999) 14, 973–976 OESOPHAGOGASTRODUODENAL DISORDERS Cytomegalovirus infection of the human gastrointestinal tract SUSAMA PATRA, SUBASH C SAMAL, ASHOK CHACKO, VADAKENADAYIL I MATHAN1 AND MINNIE M MATHAN1 The Wellcome Trust Research Laboratory, Department of Gastrointestinal Sciences, Christian Medical College and Hospital,Vellore,India Abstract Background: Current interest in cytomegalovirus (CMV) is largely due to an increase in the number of cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and organ transplantation in recent years.The proper recognition of CMV-infected cells in gastrointestinal mucosal biopsies is critical for effective treatment of this condition. Methods: A total of 6580 endoscopic mucosal biopsies from 6323 patients in the 8-year period (1989–1996) were examined for CMV inclusion bodies. The endoscopic appearance and particularly the presence of ulcers were also analysed. Results and Conclusions: The prevalence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) inclusions was 9 per thousand in the gastrointestinal mucosal biopsies from an unselected group of patients. Of the 54 patients with CMV infection, 37 were immunocompromised and 17 apparently immunocompetent. Typical Cowdry inclusions and atypical inclusions were present, the latter more frequently in immunocompromised patients. The maximum prevalence of inclusions was in the oesophageal mucosa in immunocompro- mised individuals. © 1999 Blackwell Science Asia Pty Ltd Key words: cytomegalovirus, gastrointestinal tract, immunocompetent, immunocompromised, inclu- sion bodies, mucosal biopsies. INTRODUCTION in haematoxylin and eosin (HE)-stained histological samples is regarded as being sensitive and specific for Cytomegalovirus (CMV), first described in 1956,1 is a CMV infection,6–9 especially for samples from the gas- double-stranded DNA virus belonging to the herpes trointestinal tract. -
Cytomegalovirus Infection in Gastrointestinal Tract: a Case Series of Three Patients and Review of Literature
Published online: 2019-10-01 Case Report Cytomegalovirus infection in gastrointestinal tract: A case series of three patients and review of literature Piyush Ranjan, Varun Gupta, Mohan Goyal, Shashi Dhawan1, Pallav Gupta1, Mandhir Kumar, Munish Sachdeva Departments of Gastroenterology and 1Pathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India Abstract Cytomegalovirus disease can involve any site of gastrointestinal tract from oral cavity to rectum. CMV disease most frequently occurs in patients’ with immune deficiency, such as the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, after organ transplantation, after cancer chemotherapy and in patients on immunosuppressive medications. The number of patients with immune deficiency has increased in recent years and has lead to a substantial increase in incidence of opportunistic CMV virus. Gastrointestinal CMV infection has also been reported in immunocompetent adults. Symptoms and signs depend on part of the gastrointestinal tract involved. Diagnosis depends either on a positive mucosal biopsy or by serology, quantitative PCR or CMV antigenemia. We report three cases of CMV infection in patients with three different underlying conditions and discuss the clinical features, diagnostic approach and treatment. All patients had positive serology with high viral load on PCR. Histology with immunohistochemistry was positive for CMV in two of the three cases. Ganciclovir response was seen in all patients in respect to clinical improvement, endoscopic resolution of lesions and clearing of the virus load. Key words -
Cytomegalovirus Disease in Patient with HIV Infection
ntimicrob A ia f l o A l g a e n n Fane et al., J Antimicro 2016, 2:1 r Journal of t u s o J DOI: 10.4172/2472-1212.1000108 ISSN: 2472-1212 Antimicrobial Agents Review Article Open Access Cytomegalovirus Disease in Patient with HIV Infection EL Fane M1*, Sodqi M1, EL Rherbi A2, Chakib A1, Oulad Lahsen A1, Marih L1 and Marhoum EL Filali K1 1Department of Infectious Diseases, CHU Ibn Rocd, Casablanca, Morocco 2Centre Poison Control and Pharmacovigilance Morocco, Rabat, Morocco Summary the incidence of CMV retinitis [3]. The frequency is described to be low in the sub-Saharan Africa (inferior to 10%). This can be explained by Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is a serious condition due to the high rate of early mortality and variable population susceptibility reactivation of previously latent infection or newly acquired infection, to develop a CMV disease [8,9]. In Morocco, Data concerning it occurs frequently in immunocompromised patients by HIV epidemiologic profile of CMV disease are lacking; there is a huge need infection. Even it is actually uncommon in the developed nations with of cohort studies in this field [1]. However, some small retrospective the widespread use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), studies showed CMV retinitis incidence rates close to 4% that remains CMV disease continues to be among the most common opportunistic too low comparing to other African countries [8, 9]. In south Asia, rates infections in patient living with HIV (PLWH) in developing countries. approaching 20 to 30% are noticed [10]. Its severity is linked to its tropism for retina and central nervous system (CNS). -
F-Jonathan Eisenstat, MD-March 24, 2016
In The Matter Of: Pressgrove, et al v. Byrd, et al Jonathan Eisenstat, MD March 24, 2016 D'Amico Gershwin, Inc. Court Reporters & Videoconferencing 11475 West Rd, Roswell, GA 30075 (770) 645-6111 or toll-free (888) 355-6111 Min-U-Script® with Word Index IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF TENNESSEE FOR THE THIRTIETH JUDICIAL DISTRICT AT MEMPHIS, SHELBY COUNTY BEVERLY PRESSGROVE and ) PHILLIP SIMMS, individually ) and as next of kin of ) HOLLAND N. SIMMS, ) ) Plaintiffs, ) No. CT-004425-08 ) Division VII vs. ) ) JURY DEMANDED WILLIAM G. BYRD, MD, et al., ) ) Defendants. ) _____________________________) Videotaped deposition of JONATHAN EISENSTAT, M.D., taken on behalf of the Plaintiffs, pursuant to the stipulations contained herein, reading and signing of the deposition being reserved, in accordance with the Tennessee Rules of Civil Procedure, before Stephanie K. Feen, Certified Court Reporter, at 5855 Sandy Springs Circle, Suite 140, Atlanta, Georgia, on the 24th day of March, 2016, commencing at the hour of 12:08 p.m. D'AMICO GERSHWIN, INC. Court Reporters & Videoconferencing 11475 West Road Roswell, Georgia 30075 (770) 645-6111 www.AtlantaCourtReporter.com D'Amico Gershwin, Inc. www.AtlantaCourtReporter.com 1 I N D E X T O E X A M I N A T I O N S 2 Page 3 Examination by Mr. Smith 11 4 5 I N D E X T O E X A M I N A T I O N S 6 Plaintiffs' Description Marked/First Exhibit Identified 7 P-1 Notice of Video Deposition 15 8 of Jonathan Eisenstat, M.D. 9 P-2 Dr. -
Occupational Diseases
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES ОДЕСЬКИЙ ДЕРЖАВНИЙ МЕДИЧНИЙ УНІВЕРСИТЕТ THE ODESSA STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY Áiáëiîòåêà ñòóäåíòà-ìåäèêà Medical Student’s Library Започатковано 1999 р. на честь 100-річчя Одеського державного медичного університету (1900–2000 рр.) Initiated in 1999 to mark the Centenary of the Odessa State Medical University (1900–2000) 1 OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES Recommended by the Central Methodical Committee for Higher Medical Education of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine as a manual for students of higher medical educational establishments of the IV level of accreditation using English Odessa The Odessa State Medical University 2009 BBC 54.1,7я73 UDC 616-057(075.8) Authors: O. M. Ignatyev, N. A. Matsegora, T. O. Yermolenko, T. P. Oparina, K. A. Yarmula, Yu. M. Vorokhta Reviewers: Professor G. A. Bondarenko, the head of the Department of Occupational Diseases and Radiation Medicine of the Donetzk Medical University named after M. Gorky, MD Professor I. F. Kostyuk, the head of the Department of Internal and Occupational Diseases of the Kharkiv State Medical University, MD This manual contains information about etiology, epidemiology, patho- genesis of occupational diseases, classifications, new methods of exami- nation, clinical forms and presentation, differential diagnosis, complica- tions and treatment. It includes the questions of prophylaxis, modern trends in treatment according to WHO adopted instructions, working capacity expert exam. The represented material is composed according to occupational dis- eases study programme and it is recommended for the students of higher medical educational establishments of the IV accreditation standard and doctors of various specialities. Рекомендовано Центральним методичним кабінетом з вищої медичної освіти МОЗ України як навчальний посібник для студентів вищих медичних навчальних закладів IV рівня акредитації, які опановують навчальну дисципліну англiйською мовою (Протокол № 4 від 24.12.2007 р. -
Path Pulmonary Outline
Pathology Pulmonary ATELECTASIS Neonatal Atelectasis ‐ The lungs of the neonate never inflate, a consequence of congenital defect, premature birth (insufficient surfactant), or other consequence, also called Patchy Atelectasis Adult or Acquired Atelectasis ‐ Collapse of Previously Inflated lung, creating areas of “airless parenchyma” ‐ Produces a well‐perfused but poorly‐ventilated region, predisposing for infection Decreased Volume ‐ Is a reversible disorder (except in the case of contraction) outside pleural space ‐ Resorption Atelectasis o Consequence of complete obstruction without impairment to blood flow Blockage o A decreased lung volume results in a mediastinal shift towards affected lung o Caused by a mucous plug associated with Asthma, Bronchitis, or Aspiration Pneumonia ‐ Compression Atelectasis o Consequence of partially or totally filled pleura with exudate (CHF), tumor, air (pneumothorax), blood (hemothorax), when air pressure threatens the function of lungs and great vessels (tension pneumothorax), or with an extra‐pulmonary mass compressing Something within lung parenchyma. pleural space compressing o Compressed lung tissue cannot expand and is therefore poorly ventilated. parenchyma o Compression pushes lung resulting in a mediastinal shift away from affected lung ‐ Contraction Atelectasis o Fibrotic changes prevent expansion, resulting in reduced lung volume and ventilation Fibrotic o This form is irreversible Changes are Irreversible PULMONARY EDEMA Pulmonary Edema is simply the accumulation of fluid in the alveolar -
数字 Accessory Bronchus 副気管支 Accessory Fissure 副葉間裂
数字 accentuation 亢進 accessory 副の 数字 accessory bronchus 副気管支 accessory fissure 副葉間裂 10-year survival 10年生存 accessory lobe 副肺葉 18F-fluorodeoxy glucose (FDG) 18F-フルオロデオキシグルコース accessory lung 副肺 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (2,3-DPG) 2,3ジフォスフォグリセレート accessory nasal sinus 副鼻腔 201TI (thallium-201) タリウム accessory trachea 副気管 5-fluorouracil(FU) 5-フルオロウラシル acclimation 順化 5-HT3 receptor antagonist 5-HT3レセプター拮抗薬 acclimation 馴化 5-hydroxytryptamine 5-ヒドロオキシトリプタミン acclimatization 気候順応 5-year survival 5年生存 acclimatization 順化 99mTc-macroaggregated albumin (99mTc-MAA) 99mTc標識大 acclimatization 馴化 凝集アルブミン accommodation 順応 accommodation 調節 accommodation to high altitude 高所順(適)応 A ACE polymorphism ACE遺伝子多型 acetone body アセトン体 abdomen 腹部 acetonuria アセトン尿[症] abdominal 腹部[側]の acetylcholine(ACh) アセチルコリン abdominal breathing 腹式呼吸 acetylcholine receptor (AchR, AChR) アセチルコリン受容体(レセプ abdominal cavity 腹腔 ター) abdominal pressure 腹腔内圧 acetylcholinesterase (AchE, AChE) アセチルコリンエステラーゼ abdominal respiration 腹式呼吸 achalasia アカラシア abdominal wall reflex 腹壁反射 achalasia 弛緩不能症 abduction 外転 achalasia [噴門]無弛緩[症] aberrant 走性 achromatocyte (achromocyte) 無血色素[赤]血球 aberrant 迷入性 achromatocyte (achromocyte) 無へモグロビン[赤]血球 aberrant artery 迷入動脈 acid 酸 aberration 迷入 acid 酸性 ablation 剥離 acid base equilibrium 酸塩基平衡 abnormal breath sound(s) 異常呼吸音 acid fast 抗酸性の abortive 早産の acid fast bacillus 抗酸菌 abortive 頓挫性(型) acid-base 酸―塩基 abortive 不全型 acid-base balance 酸塩基平衡 abortive pneumonia 頓挫[性]肺炎 acid-base disturbance 酸塩基平衡異常 abrasion 剥離 acid-base equilibrium 酸塩基平衡 abscess 膿瘍 acid-base regulation 酸塩基調節 absolute -
Keyword Associations
Bare Minimum Keyword Associations USMLE & COMLEX Review Northwestern Medical Review [email protected] Northwestern Medical Review PO Box 22174 Lansing, Michigan 48909 www.northwesternmedicalreview.com Copyright © 2015 Northwestern Medical Review eBookit.com and Northwestern Medical Review Second Edition ISBN 978-0-9960-9340-1 All rights reserved. Written, published, and printed in the United States of America. No part of this book may be used, reproduced, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical without written permission from its author or Northwestern Medical Review. All photos adapted from fotolia.com Northwestern Medical Review claims no rights to USMLE or COMLEX USMLE ® National Board of Medical Examiners COMLEX ® National Board of Osteopathic Medical Examiners This book is adapted from the first chapter of Primary Care for the USMLE and COMLEX by Northwestern Medical Review. The full book version is primarily intended to accompany online or live review courses from Northwestern Medical Review. How to use this book This book is adapted from the first chapter of Northwestern Medical Review’s Primary Care for the USMLE and COMLEX book. It contains exceptionally high-yield material found on board exams. The mini-chapters are divided into sections containing commonly tested concepts with keywords that should immediately come to mind while you’re taking your exam. In the back of the book are two additional sections: a Test Your Knowledge section containing questions and answers with explanations from our follow-along lecture workbooks and NMR Question Bank, and a Sample Mnemonics section containing examples of memorable mnemonics from our course material. -
Austrian Journal of Technical and Natural Sciences
Austrian Journal of Technical and Natural Sciences № 7–8 2016 July–August «East West» Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH Vienna 2016 Austrian Journal of Technical and Natural Sciences Scientific journal № 7–8 2016 (July–August) ISSN 2310-5607 Editor-in-chief Hong Han, China, Doctor of Engineering Sciences International editorial board Andronov Vladimir Anatolyevitch, Ukraine, Doctor of Engineering Sciences Bestugin Alexander Roaldovich, Russia, Doctor of Engineering Sciences Frolova Tatiana Vladimirovna, Ukraine, Doctor of Medicine Inoyatova Flora Ilyasovna, Uzbekistan, Doctor of Medicine Kushaliyev Kaisar Zhalitovich, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Mambetullaeva Svetlana Mirzamuratovna, Uzbekistan, Doctor of Biological Sciences Nagiyev Polad Yusif, Azerbaijan, Ph.D. of Agricultural Sciences Nemikin Alexey Andreevich, Russia, Ph.D. of Agricultural Sciences Nenko Nataliya Ivanovna, Russia, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences Skopin Pavel Igorevich, Russia, Doctor of Medicine Suleymanov Suleyman Fayzullaevich, Uzbekistan, Ph.D. of Medicine Zhanadilov Shaizinda, Uzbekistan, Doctor of Medicine Proofreading Kristin Theissen Cover design Andreas Vogel Additional design Stephan Friedman Editorial office European Science Review “East West” Association for Advanced Studies and Higher Education GmbH, Am Gestade 1 1010 Vienna, Austria Email: [email protected] Homepage: www.ew-a.org Austrian Journal of Technical and Natural Sciences is an international, German/English/Russian language, peer-reviewed journal. It is published bimonthly with circulation of 1000 copies. The decisive criterion for accepting a manuscript for publication is scientific quality. All research articles published in this journal have undergone a rigorous peer review. Based on initial screening by the editors, each paper is anonymized and reviewed by at least two anonymous referees. Recommending the articles for publishing, the reviewers confirm that in their opinion the submitted article contains important or new scientific results. -
Prezentacja Programu Powerpoint
C5. INFECTIOUS DISEASES LEARNING OBJECTIVES MICROBIAL 1. Compare and contrast various routes of entry of infectious PATHOGENESIS agents (skin, respiratory, gastrointestinal and urogenital tract). Describe mechanisms by which infectious agents evade local defenses. Give examples of microbes that use these routes of entry. 2. Describe routes of dissemination of infectious agents. Give examples of microorganisms that use various modes of dissemination. 3. Describe routes of transmission of infectious agents from person to person. Give examples of pathogens that use various „exit strategies”. 4. Describe routes through which vertical transmission of infectious agents may occur. Give examples of microobes that use these routes of transmission. 5. List mechanisms by which infectious agents damage host tissues. 6. Describe morphologic patterns of tissue responses to infection with regard to pathogenesis and macro- and microscopic features. Give examples of microorganisms that evoke such responses. C4. Inflammation and Repair VIRAL 7. Discuss mechanisms by which viruses cause injury to cells. INFECTIONS 8. Describe acute viral infections (measels and mumps) in terms of pathogenesis, morphologic features and clinical manifestations. Define Koplik spots and Warthin-Finkeldey cells. 9. Describe latent viral infections (HSV, VZV and CMV) with regard to pathogenesis, morphologic features and clinical manifestations. Define intranuclear inclusions, Cowdry bodies, cold sores, chickenpox and shingles. LEARNING OBJECTIVES BACTERIAL 10. Discuss mechanisms by which bacteria cause injury to cells. INFECTIONS Give examples of bacteria that use particular mechanisms. 11. Define endotoxins and exotoxins. List types of exotoxins. 12. Describe staphylococcal infections in terms of pathogenesis, morphologic features and clinical manifestations. Define furuncule (boil), carbuncule, hidradenitis, paronychia, felons and staphylococcal scalded-skin syndrome. -
Laboratory Workbook in Virology
LABORATORY WORKBOOK IN VIROLOGY Student name ________________________________ Faculty _____________________________________ Group ___________ Minsk BSMU 2016 МИНИСТЕРСТВО ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЯ РЕСПУБЛИКИ БЕЛАРУСЬ БЕЛОРУССКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ КАФЕДРА МИКРОБИОЛОГИИ, ВИРУСОЛОГИИ, ИММУНОЛОГИИ ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЙ ПРАКТИКУМ ПО ВИРУСОЛОГИИ LABORATORY WORKBOOK IN VIROLOGY 3-е издание Минск БГМУ 2016 УДК 578.7(811.111)-054.6(076.5) (075.8) ББК 52.63(81.2 Англ-923) Л12 Рекомендовано Научно-методическим советом университета в качестве лабораторного практикума 18.11.2015 г., протокол № 3 А в т о р ы: Д. А. Черношей, В. В. Слизень, Т. А. Канашкова, Т. Г. Адамович Р е ц е н з е н т ы: канд. мед. наук, доц. В. Э. Бутвиловский; канд. мед. наук, доц. А. М. Дронина Лабораторный практикум по вирусологии = Laboratory workbook in virology : лаб. Л12 практикум / Д. А. Черношей [и др.]. – 3-е изд. – Минск : БГМУ, 2016. – 24 с. ISBN 978-985-567-397-3. Содержит информацию для подготовки к практическим занятиям по разделу «Вирусология». Приведены схемы, алгоритмы, справочные сведения, методики выполнения лабораторных работ. Первое издание вышло в 2013 году. Предназначен для студентов 3-го курса медицинского факультета иностранных учащихся (специальность «Лечебное дело»), обучающихся на английском языке. УДК 578.7(811.111)-054.6(076.5) (075.8) ББК 52.63(81.2 Англ-923) ___________________________________________ Учебное издание Черношей Дмитрий Александрович Слизень Вероника Вячеславовна Канашкова Татьяна Александровна Адамович Татьяна Григорьевна ЛАБОРАТОРНЫЙ ПРАКТИКУМ ПО ВИРУСОЛОГИИ LABORATORY WORKBOOK IN VIROLOGY На английском языке 3-е издание Ответственная за выпуск Т. А. Канашкова Переводчик Д. А. Черношей Подписано в печать 19.11.15. Формат 60 84/8. Бумага писчая «Снегурочка». Ризография. Гарнитура «Times».