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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Morcegos 2018 2ª Ed

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Os Nomes Galegos Dos Morcegos 2018 2ª Ed Os nomes galegos dos morcegos 2018 2ª ed. Citación recomendada / Recommended citation: A Chave (20182): Os nomes galegos dos morcegos. Xinzo de Limia (Ourense): A Chave. http://www.achave.ga"/wp#content/up"oads/achave_osnomes!a"egosdos$morcegos$2018.pd% Para a elaboración deste recurso léxico contouse coa colaboración de Lois de la Calle Carballal. Fotografía: orelludo cincento (Plecotus austriacus ). Autor: Jordi as. &sta o'ra est( su)eita a unha licenza Creative Commons de uso a'erto* con reco+ecemento da autor,a e sen o'ra derivada nin usos comerciais. -esumo da licenza: https://creativecommons.or!/"icences/'.#n #nd//.0/deed.!". Licenza comp"eta: https://creativecommons.or!/"icences/'.#n #nd//.0/"e!a"code0"an!ua!es. 1 !otas introdutorias " que contén este documento Na primeira edición deste documento (2016) fornecéronse denominacións galegas para as especies de morcegos : todas as que están presentes na Galiza (cando menos 2!) e máis de 500 especies do resto do mundo# Nesta segunda edición (2018) incorpórase o logo da %&a'e ao deseño do documento engádese algún nome galego máis e reescr*+ense as notas introdutorias# ,áis completa que a anterior nesta no'a edición ac&éganse nomes galegos para un total de 552 especies# A estrutura En primeiro lugar preséntase unha clasificación taxonómica que considera as superfamilias e familias de morcegos onde se apunta de maneira xeral os nomes dos morcegos que &ai en cada familia# / seguir 'én o corpo do documento unha listaxe onde se indica especie por especie, alén do nome cient*fico os nomes galegos e ingleses dos morcegos# 0estácase con fondo azul claro as 2! especies que están presentes na xeograf*a galega# /o final anótanse as referencias +ibliográficas que foron utilizadas para a ela+oración deste documento# Nalgunhas desas referencias recolléronse ou propuxéronse nomes galegos para os morcegos quer xenéricos quer espec*ficos# Outras referencias ac&egan nomes para os morcegos noutras linguas que tamén foron tidos en conta# /lén diso inclúense algunhas referencias zoolóxicas so+re os morcegos na Galiza e algunhas referencias +ásicas a respecto da metodolo.*a e dos criterios terminolóxicos empregados# 2 $ratamento terminolóxico En primeiro lugar no que atinxe ao nome xenérico galego destes mam*feros 'oadores morcego é a denominación preferente e recomendá+el# / lingua galega é moi rica no que atinxe ao léxico e existen moitas maneiras de c&amalos : morcego moricego morricego monicego moncego morxego murcego muricego murucego etc# estes derivados do lat*n mure caecus (rato cego)2 tamén espertello ou esportello derivados do lat*n vespertilium 2 e mesmo touciñeiro por exemplo# 3on denominacións todas elas correctas +en propias e caracter*sticas do galego# No entanto o nome morcego é, con grande diferenza o máis difundido e usado na nosa terra –e tamén en 5ortugal– para nos referir de maneira xenérica a estes pequenos mam*feros# 5ara este grupo faunístico tradicionalmente, na lingua galega só exist*an denominacións 'ernáculas xenéricas: morcego (coas súas 'ariantes e sinónimos xa mencionados) e 'ampiro# 5orén, o léxico galego referido a estes mam*feros tense desenvol'ido desde finais do século 66 nomeadamente coas ac&egas da +ibliograf*a zoolóxica en lingua galega# 5ara todos os morcegos presentes en Galiza téñense formulado e utilizado nomes espec*ficos# /s* por exemplo: morcego de ferradura pequeno (para Rhinolophus hipposideros) morcego de ferradura grande (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum) morcego ra+udo (Tadarida teniotis) morcego rateiro grande (Myotis myotis) morcego das fragas (Barbastella barbastellus) morcego de orellas fendidas (Myotis emarginatus) nóctulo pequeno (Nyctalus leisleri ) morcego de 3a'i morcego montañeiro ou morcego do monte (todas tres para Hypsugo savii ) etc# /lén diso en tra+allos terminolóxicos galegos téñense feito propostas para especies exóticas como por exemplo artibeos para os morcegos do xénero Artibeus e no ám+ito divulgativo galego xa se teñen usado nomes para especies doutras latitudes como 'ampiro común para Desmodus rotundus 'ampiro de ás +rancas para Diaemus youngi ou 'ampiro de patas peludas para 0iphylla ecaudata entre outros# Non o+stante, para a maior*a dos morcegos doutras partes do mundo non se teñen formulado ou proposto até agora denominacións galegas espec*ficas# 5ara podermos nomear moitas das especies exóticas de morcegos que ac&egamos neste recurso léxico tivéronse en conta os seguintes criterios xerais: 1# 7ue o nome sexa transparente, isto é, +en definidor desa especie e que non se poida confundir co nome doutra# 2# Na medida do pos*+el manter a sistematicidade. Isto é: que &axa correspondencia entre os nomes galegos xenéricos e os xéneros cient*ficos latinos# /s* con frecuencia especies coa mesma denominación xenérica galega pertencen á mesma familia o que ac&ega máis lóxica e 'alidez ao sistema de nomenclatura# 9# 7ue os trazos definitorios espec*ficos que se empregan como modificadores do nome xenérico pertenzan a un reducido grupo de referentes (nomedamente: distribución xeográfica &á+itat caracter*sticas corporais ou persoa que describiu esa especie)# /demais procúrase que &axa máis dunha alusión a un mesmo grupo de referentes nunha mesma familia de maneira que o sistema estea máis 3 co&esionado e o conxunto sexa mellor de lem+rar# 5or exemplo: morcego riscado grande morcego riscado pequeno –os mesmos trazos: tamaño e riscas4 na familia dos em+alonur*deos ou morcego cincento morcego negro morcego canela e morcego amarelado –o mesmo trazo: a cor4 na familia dos 'espertilionídeos etc# :endo en conta todo o devandito utilizáronse en primeiro lugar os nomes xenéricos xa empregados en galego que se poden aplicar tamén a morcegos doutras partes do mundo# %on denominacións xenéricas galegas como morcegos de ferradura morcegos ra+udos nóctulos ou orelludos por exemplo formuláronse os nomes de especies exóticas que comparten coas especies galegas a mesma familia ou, inclusive, o mesmo xénero latino# /s* morcego de ferradura do %a+o (Rhinolophus capensis) morcego ra+udo exipcio (Tadarida aegyptiaca) nóctulo do 5aquistán (Nyctalus montanus) orelludo de /rnhem (Nyctophilus arnhemensis) etc# 5ara especies relativamente coñecidas cando menos nos medios de divulgación, aplicáronse os mesmos nomes que, coincidentes teñen en diversos idiomas# 0enominacións como por exemplo morcegos funileiros ou morcegos de orellas de funil para as especies da familia Natalidae morcegos +ol+oreta para as especies do xénero Glauconycteris morcego de Van Gelder para Bauerus dubiaquercus morcego fociño de corazón para ardioderma cor etc# que noutros idiomas teñen estes mesmos nomes ou modificadores# <ecorreuse as* mesmo á lusofonía seguíndomos o criterio recollido nas Normas ortogr!ficas e morfol"xicas do idioma galego (R/G e ILG) do ano 200!: >5ara o arrequecemento do léxico culto nomeadamente no referido aos ám+itos cient*fico e técnico o portugués será considerado recurso fundamental sempre que esta adopción non for contraria ás caracter*sticas estruturais do galego?# 0este xeito incorporáronse nomes xenéricos como raposos 'oadores (algunhas especies da familia 5teropodidae) morcegos fruxí'oros (tamén da familia 5teropodidae) morcegos de costas núas (das familias 5teropodidae e ,ormoopidae) morcegos mast*ns (da familia ,olossidae) morcegos linguarudos (xénero Macroglossus familia 5teropodidae) ou morcegos pescadores (xénero Noctilio familia Noctilionidae) algúns deles xa usados en ám+itos divulgativos en lingua galega# /s* mesmo nomes espec*ficos como por exemplo morcego de ás amarelas (Lavia frons) morcego fociño de porco ( raseonycteris thonglongyai ) morcego pálido (Antrozous pallidus) morcego ca+eza de martelo (Hypsignathus monstrosus) morcego arlequín (&cotomanes ornatus) morcego narigudo +rasileiro (Rhynchonycteris naso) etc# Un outro recurso foi considerar os nomes cient*ficos en lat*n de modo paralelo ás denominacións desas especies de morcegos noutras linguas (francés castelán, italiano nalgún caso tamén en inglés)# /s* nomes como os dos rinolofos nicterios rosetos artibeos pipistrelos ou +ar+astelos por exemplo (referidos respectivamente aos xéneros Rhinolophum Nycteris Rousettus Artibeus 'ipistrellus ou Barbastella) algúns deles xa propostos na +iblograf*a galega especializada e a maior*a usados tamén en portugués# 4 %áis dun nome para unha es'ecie /lgunhas das especies deste grupo faunístico teñen en galego 'arias denominacións: #A +en por ter a zoolo.*a galega ac&egado máis dun nome para algúns dos morcegos autóctonos #A +en porque ao considerarmos os nomes para unha sistemática moito máis extensa –mundial– un outro nome xenérico é máis aca*do para designarmos de maneira clara e +en diferenciadora un número de especies moito maior #A ou +en por seren nomes usados en case todas as linguas como sinónimos para especies de morcegos relativamente coñecidos e adoptárense e usárense en galego de modo semellante. /s* por exemplo: raposo 'oador xigante e raposo 'oador de ca+eza dourada para Acerodon (ubatus dúas denominacións moi usadas en diferentes linguas para esta especie exótica# :amén no caso dalgunha especie autóctona: orelludo dourado e orelludo setentrional para 'lecotus auritus (que se poden usar ademais como morcego orelludo dourado e morcego orelludo setentrional)# /s que aca+amos de referir para 'lecotus auritus teñen o seu paralelo noutra especie autóctona semellante, 'lecotus austriacus 2 para este: orelludo cincento e orelludo meridional (que tamén se poden usar como morcego orelludo cincento e morcego orelludo meridional)# :odos os nomes
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