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Abnormal Waves on the South East Coast of South Africa
ABNORMAL WAVES ON THE SOUTH EAST COAST OF SOUTH AFRICA by J. K. M allo ry Master M ariner, Captain, S. A. Navy (Rtd.), Professor of Oceanography, University of Cape Town Much has been said and written recently about the abnormal waves which have been experienced over the years along the eastern seaboard of South Africa. Many theories have been put forward as to the probable causes of these waves which have incurred considerable damage to vessels when steaming in a southwesterly direction down the east coast between Durnford Point and Great Fish Point. It would therefore be of interest to examine the details concerning the individual occurrences as far as they are known. Unfortunately it is not always possible to obtain full details after a period of time has elapsed since the wave was reported, hence in some instances the case histories are incomplete. It is safe to say that many other ships must have experienced abnormal waves off the South African coast between Durnford Point and Cape Recife, but because the speed of the vessel at the time had been suitably reduced, the ship sustained no damage and hence there was no specific reason for reporting such an occurrence other than as a matter of interest. This is unfortunate because so much more could have been learnt about these phenomena if more specific reports were available, especially if they were to include details on wind and waves, meteorological data, soundings, ship’s course and speed. A list of eleven known cases of vessels either having reported encountering abnormal wave conditions or having foundered as a result of storm waves is given in Appendix A. -
Cape-Agulhas-WC033 2020 IDP Amendment
REVIEW AND AMENDMENTS TO THE INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2020/21 CAPE AGULHAS MUNICIPALITY REVIEW AND AMENDMENTS TO THE INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2020/21 29 My 2020 Together for excellence Saam vir uitnemendheid Sisonke siyagqwesa 1 | P a g e REVIEW AND AMENDMENTS TO THE INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2020/21 SECTIONS THAT ARE AMENDED AND UPDATED FOREWORD BY THE EXECUTIVE MAYOR (UPDATED)............................................................................ 4 FOREWORD BY THE MUNICIPAL MANAGER (UPDATED) ..................................................................... 5 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................... 7 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO CAPE AGULHAS MUNICIPALITY (UPDATED) ......................................... 7 1.2 THE INTEGRATED DEVELOPMENT PLAN AND PROCESS ......................................................... 8 1.2.4 PROCESS PLAN AND SCHEDULE OF KEY DEADLINES (AMENDMENT) ........................... 8 1.3 PUBLIC PARTICIPATION STRUCTURES, PROCESSES AND OUTCOMES .................................. 9 1.3.3 MANAGEMENT STRATEGIC WORKSHOP (UPDATED) .................................................... 10 2. LEGAL FRAMEWORK AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL STRATEGY ALIGNMENT ................................. 11 2.2.2 WESTERN CAPE PROVINCIAL PERSPECTIVE (AMENDED) ............................................. 11 3 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS............................................................................................................... -
Comparing the Dutch and British Maritime Technologies During the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815)
Technology and Empire: Comparing the Dutch and British Maritime Technologies during the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815) By Ivor Mollema December, 2015 Director of Thesis: Dr. Lynn Harris Major Department: History The two ships, Bato (1806) and Brunswick (1805) wrecked in Simons Bay, South Africa, provide an opportunity to compare British and Dutch maritime technologies during the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815). The former was a Dutch 74-gun ship of the line and the latter a British East Indiaman. Their remains reveal pertinent information about the maritime technologies available to each European power. Industrial capacity and advanced metal working played a significant role in ship construction initiatives of that period, while the dwindling timber supplies forced invention of new technologies. Imperial efforts during the Napoleonic Era relied on naval power. Maritime technologies dictated imperial strategy as ships were deployed to expand or maintain colonial empires. Naval theorists place the strategy into a wider spectrum and the analysis of the material culture complements further understanding of sea power. The study also recommends management options to preserve the archaeological sites for future study and to showcase for heritage tourism. TECHNOLOGY AND EMPIRE: Comparing Dutch and British Maritime Technologies During the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815) Title Page A Thesis Presented To The Faculty of the Department of History East Carolina University In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts, Program in Maritime Studies by Ivor Mollema December, 2015 © Ivor Mollema, 2015 Copyright Page TECHNOLOGY AND EMPIRE: Comparing Dutch and British Maritime Technologies During the Napoleonic Era (1792–1815) by Ivor Mollema Signature Page APPROVED BY: DIRECTOR OF THESIS: ________________________________________________________ Dr. -
Constraining the Temperature History of the Past Millennium Using Early Instrumental Observations
Clim. Past, 8, 1551–1563, 2012 www.clim-past.net/8/1551/2012/ Climate doi:10.5194/cp-8-1551-2012 of the Past © Author(s) 2012. CC Attribution 3.0 License. Constraining the temperature history of the past millennium using early instrumental observations P. Brohan1, R. Allan1, E. Freeman2, D. Wheeler3, C. Wilkinson4,5, and F. Williamson3,4,5 1Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, UK 2NOAA/STG Inc., USA 3Sunderland University, Sunderland, UK 4University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK 5Catholic University of Valparaiso, Chile Correspondence to: P. Brohan (philip.brohan@metoffice.gov.uk) Received: 4 April 2012 – Published in Clim. Past Discuss.: 4 May 2012 Revised: 17 August 2012 – Accepted: 6 September 2012 – Published: 11 October 2012 Abstract. The current assessment that twentieth-century tions – supporting their use for longer-term climate recon- global temperature change is unusual in the context of the last structions. However, some of the climate model simulations thousand years relies on estimates of temperature changes in the CMIP5 ensemble show much larger volcanic effects from natural proxies (tree-rings, ice-cores, etc.) and climate than this – such simulations are unlikely to be accurate in model simulations. Confidence in such estimates is limited this respect. by difficulties in calibrating the proxies and systematic dif- ferences between proxy reconstructions and model simula- tions. As the difference between the estimates extends into 1 Introduction the relatively recent period of the early nineteenth century it is possible to compare them with a reliable instrumental es- The temperature history of the past millennium provides timate of the temperature change over that period, provided vital context for predictions of future change, and attri- that enough early thermometer observations, covering a wide butions of recent change to anthropogenic causes (Jones enough expanse of the world, can be collected. -
Conservation Management in Agulhas National Park: Challenges & Successes a PLACE of CONTINENTAL SIGNIFICANCE…
Conservation Management in Agulhas National Park: Challenges & Successes A PLACE OF CONTINENTAL SIGNIFICANCE… 20⁰00’E 34⁰ 50’ S to be celebrated, a showcase of all we are and all we can achieve SOUTHERNMOST TIP OF AFRICA S34˚49’59” E20˚00’12” ↑ On 14 September 1998 SANParks acquired a 4 ha portion of land at the southernmost tip of the African continent to establish a national park. Reason for establishment Declared in 1999 (GN 1135 in GG 20476) dated 23 September 1999. The key intention of founding the park was to protect the following 4 aspects: Lowland fynbos with A wide variety of wet- Geographic location Rich cultural heritage four vegetation units lands(freshwater of the Southernmost (From Stone-age, San, Khoi with high conservation springs,rivers,estuaries Tip of Africa herders, Shipwrecks, status: ,floodplains,lakes, vleis (To conserve and European settlement, Fishermen, agriculture, Central rûens shale and pans) The ecological maintain the spirit of flower farming, salt mining renoster-veld (critically functioning of the wetlands and place of the endangered); other fresh water systems on southernmost tip of until today) Elim ferricrete fynbos the Agulhas plain is critically Africa and develop its (endangered) dependent on water quality and tourism potential) Agulhas sand fynbos quantity of interlinked pans, wetlands, seasonal streams, (vulnerable) flow and interchanges that Cape inland salt pans occur under natural conditions. (vulnerable The ANP started out with the following huge establishment challenges: • Staff capacity insufficient -
The 1797 British Naval Mutinies in Southern African Waters
IRSH 58 (2013), Special Issue, pp. 61–85 doi:10.1017/S0020859013000266 r 2013 Internationaal Instituut voor Sociale Geschiedenis International Radicalism, Local Solidarities: The 1797 British Naval Mutinies in Southern African Waters N ICOLE U LRICH History Department, Rhodes University Grahamstown 1640, South Africa E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT: This article details the 1797 mutinies in the British Royal Navy in southern African waters at Simon’s Bay and Table Bay at the Cape of Good Hope. Drawing attention to the intersections between international protest during the age of revolution and between local, African protest, it shows that the Cape mutinies were part of an empire-wide strike, and were rooted in the organizational tradi- tions of naval sailors. Yet, these mutinies were also of local significance. They signalled the growing confidence, and radicalization, of the popular classes at the Cape, as sailors, KhoiSan labourers, and slaves all experimented with new strategies of rebellion. Realizing the fundamental class bias of custom and law during their struggles for improvements in wages and working conditions and for a more democratic workplace regime, naval sailors also contributed to a broader political dialogue at the Cape concerning the relationship between the imperial state, freedom, and rights. INTRODUCTION Towards the end of 1797, Thomas Kelly of the carpenters’ crew on HMS Jupiter was ordered to appear before a court martial for mutinous behaviour. Kelly threatened that: [y] he was a Delegate and sent by [y] His Company and the Voice of the Ship’s Company was not to be played with. He said that a man’s life was not so easily taken away now as it was four months ago. -
Cape Agulhas Municipality Draft Annual Report 2017/18 2
CAPE AGULHAS MUNICIPALITY DRAFT ANNUAL REPORT 2017/18 2 | P a g e CAPE AGULHAS MUNICIPALITY DRAFT ANNUAL REPORT 2017/18 CONTENTS FOREWORDS ........................................................................................................................................................ 8 MAYORS FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................................ 8 MUNICIPAL MANAGERS FOREWORD ..................................................................................................................... 10 CHAPTER 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................... 12 1.1 MUNICIPAL OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................... 12 1.2.1 VISION, MISSION AND VALUES .............................................................................................................. 12 1.2.2 GEOGRAPHIC AREA ................................................................................................................................ 13 1.2 DEMOGRAPHIC, SOCIO ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL OVERVIEW ............................................... 16 1.2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW................................................................................................................... 16 1.2.2 HOUSEHOLDS ....................................................................................................................................... -
Agulhas National Park State of Knowledge
AGULHAS NATIONAL PARK STATE OF KNOWLEDGE Contributors: T. Kraaij, N. Hanekom, I.A. Russell, R.M. Randall SANParks Scientific Services, Garden Route (Rondevlei Office), PO Box 176, Sedgefield, 6573 Last updated: 16 January 2008 Disclaimer This report has been produced by SANParks to summarise information available on a specific conservation area. Production of the report, in either hard copy or electronic format, does not signify that: . the referenced information necessarily reflect the views and policies of SANParks; . the referenced information is either correct or accurate; . SANParks retains copies of the referenced documents; . SANParks will provide second parties with copies of the referenced documents. This standpoint has the premise that (i) reproduction of copywrited material is illegal, (ii) copying of unpublished reports and data produced by an external scientist without the author’s permission is unethical, and (iii) dissemination of unreviewed data or draft documentation is potentially misleading and hence illogical. This report should be cited as: Kraaij T, Hanekom N, Russell IA & Randall RM. 2009. Agulhas National Park – State of Knowledge. South African National Parks. TABLE OF CONTENTS NOTE: TEXT IN SMALL CAPS PERTAINS TO THE MARINE COMPONENT OF THE AGULHAS AREA Abbreviations used 3 Abbreviations used............................................................................................................4 1. ACCOUNT OF AREA...................................................................................................4 -
There Was a Time When the Agulhas Region Hosted One of the Largest Concentrations of Wildlife in Africa
Year in the Wild Agulhas National Park There was a time when the Agulhas region hosted one of the largest concentrations of wildlife in Africa. But when humans and their guns arrived, thousands of animals were hunted, some to extinction. Today, with the help of farmers and scientists, Agulhas National Park is starting small and thinking big. By Scott Ramsay. 72 Getaway May 2012 www.getaway.co.za 73 Year in the Wild Aghulas National Park Year in the Wild Agulhas National Park magine driving towards Cape Agulhas, making your way along the national N2 road near Caledon until a herd of a I thousand bontebok blocked your path. Then as you cross the bridge over the Breede River near Swellendam, a family of hippo grunt their disapproval before crashing back into the rooibos-coloured water. Closer to Bredasdorp, the largest town in the area today, a black rhino wanders into view, munching on the aptly named renosterveld and finally, as night arrives and you pull up at the southernmost tip of Africa, a herd of elephant is illumi- nated by the flash of the famous lighthouse. Sound far-fetched? Today, definitely, but in the early 1700s, things were very different. Before people arrived in numbers, the bottom of our continent was home to one of the largest this area used to be known as the Serengeti of the South, concentrations of wildlife in Africa. In 1689, traveller Isaq where huge herds of wild animals were commonly seen.’ Schryver noted that he encountered a herd of at least a It’s something early explorers would have been exposed to thousand bontebok on his journey through this region. -
Cape Agulhas Municipality 2018
Cape Agulhas Municipality 2018 CAPE AGULHAS: AT A GLANCE 1. DEMOGRAPHICS 1 2. EDUCATION 3 3. HEALTH 8 4. POVERTY 13 5. BASIC SERVICE DELIVERY 16 6. SAFETY AND SECURITY 20 7. THE ECONOMY 25 SOURCES 29 Cape Agulhas: At a Glance Population Estimates, 2018; Actual households, 2016 38 485 11 321 2017 2017 Matric Pass Rate 89.1% Gini Coefficient 0.58 Learner-Teacher Ratio 45.5 Human Development Index 0.73 Gr 12 Drop-out Rate 32.4% 2017/18 7 94.7% 0.0 15.9% Actual number of reported cases in 2018 409 63 403 56 46 Percentage of households with access to basic services, 2016 93.2% 90.2% 92.0% 97.6% 88.1% 2017 2017 Increasing inequality 5 Unemployment Rate Financial Sustainability (Grant dependency) 5 9.7% Stagnating Economic Growth Contribution to GDP, 2016 Wholesale and retail trade, Finance, insurance, real estate Manufacturing catering and accommodation and business services 22.1% 19.9% 14.0% DEMOGRAPHICS It is of critical importance for public policy decision makers across all spheres of government to acknowledge demographics as a decisive factor in shaping our current socio-economic reality. This chapter provides a concise yet meaning full overview of key demographic variables that will assist with municipal planning and budgeting, namely estimates of population size, the distribution of population projections within age cohorts as well as dependency ratios. The demographic data provided in this Chapter was sourced from the Department of Social Development who used Stats SA’s 2018 Mid-Year Population Estimates (2002 - 2018) to project population growth for the period 2019 to 2024. -
Cape Agulhas Municipality Spatial Development Framework 2017-2022
CAPE AGULHAS MUNICIPALITY SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK 2017-2022 Final Report July 2017 Client Contact Professional Team Town and Regional Planning JSA Architects and Urban Designers Cape Agulhas Municipality Jac Snyman Bertus Hayward [email protected] 021 788 1413 Email [email protected] Built Environment Partnership Tel Stephen Boshoff 028 425 5500 [email protected] Office Cape Agulhas Municipal Offices 1 Dirkie Uys Street Infinity Environmental Bredasdorp Jeremy Rose [email protected] STATUS AND PURPOSE OF THIS DOCUMENT This Spatial Development Framework was approved by the Cape Agulhas Municipality on 30 May 2017. 2 Cape Agulhas Spatial Development Framework 2017-2022 Abbreviations NEMA National Environmental Management Act, 1998 CAM Cape Agulhas Municipality NEMBA National Environmental CBA Critical Biodiversity Area Management: Biodiversity Act, 2004 DEA&DP Department of Environmental Affairs and Development NGO Non-government Organisation Planning NDP National Development Plan DRDLR Department of Rural ODM Overberg District Municipality Development and Land Reform ONA Other Natural Area EIA Environmental Impact PLAS Pro-active Land Acquisition Assessment Strategy ESA Ecological Support Area PPP Public Private Partnership IAP Invasive Alien Plant PSDF Provincial Spatial Development Framework IDP Integrated Development Plan RO Reverse Osmosis LED Local Economic Development SDF Spatial Development LUPA Land Use Planning Act, 3 of Framework 2014 SOEs State Owned Enterprises MIG Municipal Infrastructure Grant SPLUMA Spatial Planning and Land Use MSA Municipal Systems Act, 32 of Management Act, 2013 2000 WCBSP Western Cape Biodiversity MSDF Municipal Spatial Spatial Plan, 2017 Development Framework WCG Western Cape Government MTEF Medium Term Expenditure Framework WWTW Waste Water Treatment Works Cape Agulhas Spatial Development Framework 2017-2022 3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Proposals entail three types of actions or undertaken to achieve the vision and initiatives: spatial concept. -
Ocean Climate of the South East Atlantic Observed from Satellite Data and Wind Models N.J
Progress in Oceanography 59 (2003) 181–221 www.elsevier.com/locate/pocean Ocean climate of the South East Atlantic observed from satellite data and wind models N.J. Hardman-Mountford a,∗, A.J. Richardson b, 1, J.J. Agenbag c, E. Hagen d, L. Nykjaer e, F.A. Shillington b, C. Villacastin e a Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth, Devon PL1 2PB, UK b Oceanography Department, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7701, Cape Town, South Africa c Marine and Coastal Management, Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, 8012 Cape Town, South Africa d Insitute for Baltic Sea Research Warnemuende, Seestrasse 15, 19119 Warnemuende, Germany e Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Joint Research Centre, I-21020 Ispra, Va, Italy Revised 8 September 2003; accepted 14 October 2003 Abstract The near-coastal South East Atlantic Ocean off Africa is a unique and highly dynamic environment, comprising the cool Benguela Current, warm Angola Current and warm Agulhas Current. Strong coastal upwelling and the Congo River strongly influence primary production. Much of the present knowledge of the South East Atlantic has been derived from ship-borne measurements and in situ sensors, which cannot generally provide extensive spatial and tem- poral coverage. Similarly, previous satellite studies of the region have often focused on small spatial areas and limited time periods. This paper provides an improved understanding of seasonal and interannual variability in ocean dynamics along the South East Atlantic coast of Africa using time series of satellite and model derived data products. Eighteen years of satellite sea surface temperature data are complimented by 7 years of sea level data.