Náhuatl De Cuentepec, Morelos
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Collision of Civilizations
Collision of Civilizations Spaniards, Aztecs and Incas 1492- The clash begins Only two empires in the New World Cahokia Ecuador Aztec Empire The Aztec State in 1519 • Mexico 1325 Aztecs start to build their capital city, Tenochtitlan. • 1502 Montezuma II becomes ruler, wars against the independent city-states in the Valley of Mexico. The Aztec empire was in a fragile state, stricken with military failures, economic trouble, and social unrest. Montezuma II had attempted to centralize power and maintain the over-extended empire expanded over the Valley of Mexico, and into Central America. It was an extortionist regime, relied on force to extract prisoners, tribute, and food levies from neighboring peoples. As the Aztec state weakened, its rulers and priests continued to demand human sacrifice to feed its gods. In 1519, the Aztec Empire was not only weak within, but despised and feared from without. When hostilities with the Spanish began, the Aztecs had few allies. Cortes • 1485 –Cortes was born in in Medellin, Extremadura, Spain. His parents were of small Spanish nobility. • 1499, when Cortes was 14 he attended the University of Salamanca, at this university he studied law. • 1504 (19) he set sail for what is now the Dominican Republic to try his luck in the New World. • 1511, (26) he joined an army under the command of Spanish soldier named Diego Velázquez and played a part the conquest of Cuba. Velázquez became the governor of Cuba, and Cortes was elected Mayor-Judge of Santiago. • 1519 (34) Cortes expedition enters Mexico. • Aug. 13, 1521 15,000 Aztecs die in Cortes' final all-out attack on the city. -
Spain Builds an Empire
DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=TX-A SECTION 3 Spain Builds an TEKS 1A, 2A Empire What You Will Learn… If YOU were there... Main Ideas You are an Aztec warrior living in central Mexico in the 1500s. You 1. Spanish conquistadors con- are proud to serve your ruler, Moctezuma II. One day several hun- quered the Aztec and Inca empires. dred foreigners arrive on your shores. They are pale, bearded men, 2. Spanish explorers traveled and they have strange animals and equipment. through the borderlands of New Spain, claiming more From where do you think these strangers have come? land. 3. Spanish settlers treated Native Americans harshly, forcing them to work on plantations and in mines. BUILDING BACKGROUND Spain sent many expeditions to the Americas. Like explorers from other countries, Spanish explorers The Big Idea claimed the land they found for their country. Much of this land was Spain established a large already filled with Native American communities, however. empire in the Americas. Key Terms and People Spanish Conquistadors conquistadors, p. 46 The Spanish sent conquistadors (kahn-kees-tuh-DAWRS), soldiers Hernán Cortés, p. 46 who led military expeditions in the Americas. Conquistador Hernán Moctezuma II, p. 46 Cortés left Cuba to sail to present-day Mexico in 1519. Cortés Francisco Pizarro, p. 47 had heard of a wealthy land to the west ruled by a king named encomienda system, p. 50 Moctezuma II (mawk-tay-SOO-mah). plantations, p. 50 Bartolomé de Las Casas, p. 51 Conquest of the Aztec Empire Moctezuma ruled the Aztec Empire, which was at the height of its power in the early 1500s. -
Aztec Empire
Summary: Egypt and Rome seem to get all the glory of ancient history and civilization, but what was happening in the rest of the world? Was everyone else just fumbling through life, trying to figure out how to put two syllables together? As it turns out, no. Astoundingly large, marvelous civilizations existed all throughout the world; we just rarely hear about them in our Eurocentric history. The Aztecs built a vast empire, one that outpaced, outstaged, and outpopulated the likes of Paris at the time. They were a powerhouse warrior based society with a devout religious following and growing empire. Then Hernan Cortes showed up with 400 soldiers and took them down, as the traditional story tells us. Or was it really that simple? To the victors, goes the history but let’s dig a little deeper and find out what really happened. Did Montezuma's bloody and superstitious Mexica empire crash at the hands of a few brave conquistadors, as Cortes and history often tell us? Or did a cruel and greedy Cortes walk into a brewing feud and capitalize on the situation? Let’s find out on today’s episode of Timesuck. Aztec History and Settlement: DISCLAIMER: Due to repeated attempts at cultural genocide, dates and figures regarding this topic have become extraordinarily difficult to verify. Book burning was such a rampant practice during Spanish missionary work, that the Aztec histories, lore, and documentation was all but entirely destroyed. Pair that with the nearly complete physical genocide that took place, and little is left. The Spanish recorded their own version of events but the politics at play and sheer volume of discrepancies make it clear that much of what was recorded and used as “history” was propaganda, while other texts (harder to access texts) seem more accurate. -
Rethinking the Conquest : an Exploration of the Similarities Between Pre-Contact Spanish and Mexica Society, Culture, and Royalty
University of Northern Iowa UNI ScholarWorks Dissertations and Theses @ UNI Student Work 2015 Rethinking the Conquest : an exploration of the similarities between pre-contact Spanish and Mexica society, culture, and royalty Samantha Billing University of Northern Iowa Let us know how access to this document benefits ouy Copyright ©2015 Samantha Billing Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd Part of the Latin American History Commons Recommended Citation Billing, Samantha, "Rethinking the Conquest : an exploration of the similarities between pre-contact Spanish and Mexica society, culture, and royalty" (2015). Dissertations and Theses @ UNI. 155. https://scholarworks.uni.edu/etd/155 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at UNI ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses @ UNI by an authorized administrator of UNI ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Copyright by SAMANTHA BILLING 2015 All Rights Reserved RETHINKING THE CONQUEST: AN EXPLORATION OF THE SIMILARITIES BETWEEN PRE‐CONTACT SPANISH AND MEXICA SOCIETY, CULTURE, AND ROYALTY An Abstract of a Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts Samantha Billing University of Northern Iowa May 2015 ABSTRACT The Spanish Conquest has been historically marked by the year 1521 and is popularly thought of as an absolute and complete process of indigenous subjugation in the New World. Alongside this idea comes the widespread narrative that describes a barbaric, uncivilized group of indigenous people being conquered and subjugated by a more sophisticated and superior group of Europeans. -
A. the Aztecs Built an Empire Through Warfare and Trade and Created an Impressive Capital City in Mesoamerica
The Aztec Empire 15.1 • The Aztecs built a great empire in central Mexico but were conquered by the Spanish in 1521. A. The Aztecs built an empire through warfare and trade and created an impressive capital city in Mesoamerica. • The first Aztecs were farmers, but when they arrived in Central America, all the good farmland was taken. To survive, they had to hire themselves out as warriors. B. The Aztecs’ Rise to Power • War was the key factor in the Aztecs’ rise to power. • The Aztecs built alliances, or partnerships, to build their empire. • The Aztecs made the people they conquered pay tribute, or give them cotton, gold, or food. • The Aztecs controlled a huge trade network. Markets drew buyers and sellers from all over the Aztec Empire. • By the early 1500s the Aztecs had the most powerful state in Mesoamerica. C. Tenochtitlán • Tenochtitlán was the capital of the Aztec Empire. It was built in the middle of a lake, on an island. • The Aztecs built causeways, or raised roads across water or wet ground, so people could access the city. • The Aztecs built stone canals to bring water to the city and floating gardens to raise food and flowers. • The city had huge temples, a busy market, clean streets, and magnificent palaces. • It was the greatest city in the Americas during the time of the Aztecs. D. Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec Empire. • In the late 1400s Spanish explorers and soldiers arrived in the Americas. The soldiers, or conquistadors, came to explore new lands, search for gold, and spread the Catholic religion. -
Articulos El Sueño Del Conquistador
ARTICULOS EL SUEÑO DEL CONQUISTADOR * J ea n M a m e G. L e C le z io El Colegio de Michoacán El sueño empieza pues el 8 de febrero de 1517, cuan do Bernal Díaz del Castillo vislumbra por primera vez, desde la cubierta del barco, la gran ciudad blanca de los mayas que los españoles nombrarán “El Gran Cairo”. Y luego, el 4 de marzo de 1517, cuando ve venir hacia la nave “diez canoas muy grandes, que se dicen piraguas, lle nas de indios naturales de aquella poblazón, y venían a remo y vela” (p. 29). Es el primer encuentro del soldado Bernal Díaz con el mundo mexicano. El sueño puede empezar, libre aún de todo miedo, de todo odio. “ . .sin temor ninguno vinieron, y entraron en la nao capitana sobre treinta dellos, y les dimos a cada uno un sartalejo de cuentas verdes, y estuvieron mirando por un buen rato los navios” (p. 30). El asombro brota entonces de los dos lados. Bernal Díaz y sus compañeros se asombran del tamaño de las ciu dades, de la belleza de los templos y de la fealdad de los ídolos mayas. Los indios, por su parte, se asombran del aspecto de los extranjeros. Les preguntan si vienen “de la parte don de nace el sol” y cuentan entonces por primera vez aque lla leyenda de la que el capitán Cortés y sus hombres sa * Versión castellana de Tomás Segovia. brán más tarde sacar provecho— leyenda según la cual “les habían dicho sus antepasados que habían de venir gentes de hacia donde sale el sol, con barbas, que los habían de señorear' (p. -
Rewriting Native Imperial History in New Spain: the Excot Can Dynasty Alena Johnson
University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Spanish and Portuguese ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations 2-1-2016 Rewriting Native Imperial History in New Spain: The excoT can Dynasty Alena Johnson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/span_etds Recommended Citation Johnson, Alena. "Rewriting Native Imperial History in New Spain: The excT ocan Dynasty." (2016). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/span_etds/24 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Spanish and Portuguese ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. i Alena Johnson Candidate Spanish and Portuguese Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Miguel López, Chairperson Kimberle López Ray Hernández-Durán Enrique Lamadrid ii REWRITING NATIVE IMPERIAL HISTORY IN NEW SPAIN: THE TEXCOCAN DYNASTY by ALENA JOHNSON B.A., Spanish, Kent State University, 2002 M.A., Spanish Literature, Kent State University, 2004 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Spanish and Portuguese The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico December, 2015 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I express much gratitude to each of my committee members for their mentorship, honorable support, and friendship: Miguel López, Associate Professor of Latin American Literature, Department of Spanish and Portuguese, University of New Mexico; Kimberle López, Associate Professor of Latin American Literature, Department of Spanish and Portuguese, University of New Mexico; Ray Hernández-Durán, Associate Professor of Early Modern Ibero-American Colonial Arts and Architecture, Department of Art and Art History, University of New Mexico; and Enrique Lamadrid, Professor Emeritus, Department of Spanish and Portuguese, University of New Mexico. -
HISTORIA DE LA CONQUISTA DE MÉXICO Latinoamericanas Y Caribeñas, Como Medios De Del Códice De Azcatitlán (México)
JORGE GURRÍA LACROIX (México, 1917-1979). Francisco López de Gómara Francisco López de Gómara Abogado y doctor en Historia. Catedrático (1511-ca. 1564) desde 1950, investigador del Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas de la Universidad EL PLAN que se propuso López de Gómara para organizar la obra puede Nacional Autónoma de México en 1951, direc- ser resumido en pocas palabras: consignar las hazañas de Cortés durante los HISTORIA tor de la misma institución a partir de 1975, años de enfrentamiento con las culturas originarias de México. Al hacerlo miembro de la Academia Mexicana de la no se limita a mostrar a la persona objeto de su interés únicamente en los DE LA CONQUISTA Historia desde 1957. años de permanencia americana, sino que el relato se extiende desde el Autor de numerosos estudios, entre ellos: Las nacimiento del guerrero en 1485 hasta su muerte acaecida en 1547 a los ideas monárquicas de don Lucas Alamán (1951); DE MÉXICO sesenta y tres años. 65 Monografías históricas sobre Tabasco (1952); Probablemente en Argel, donde lo conoció, o en su casa de habitación, BIBLIOTECA AYACUCHO es una de las Bibliografía mexicana de ferrocarriles (1956); donde vivió entre 1540 y 1547 como confesor de este adelantado, nació en experiencias editoriales más importantes de la Anastasio Zerecero. Estudios historiográficos de él la idea de historiar las hazañas del conquistador. De manera que convivió cultura latinoamericana. Creada en 1974 como sus memorias (1963); Trabajos sobre historia con la persona a la que, sin lugar a dudas, convirtió en primera fuente de homenaje a la batalla que en 1824 significó la mexicana (1964); Códice, entrada de los información porque sobre el autor pesaba el hecho de que nunca estuvo en emancipación política de nuestra América, ha españoles en Tlaxcala (1966); Itinerario de América. -
LAS IMÁGENES DE MOCTEZUMA II Y SUS SÍMBOLOS DE PODER 81 Moct P078-091 Final.ESP:Layout 1 9/18/10 10:10 PM Page 82
Moct p078-091_Final.ESP:Layout 1 9/18/10 10:10 PM Page 78 Capítulo 3 Las imágenes de Moctezuma II y sus sí mbolos de poder Guilhem Olivier y Leonardo López Luján A PARTIR DE numerosos testimonios históricos tanto directos como indirectos, sabemos que al momento de su muerte en 1520 Moctezuma II era un hombre maduro, pero sin quedar claro si ya había alcanzado los cincuenta y dos años de edad, como algunos opinan, o si aún se encontraba en sus cuarenta. De manera recurrente, se le describe físicamente como una persona de talla mediana, delgada y con una barba escasa, aunque larga, 1 lo que de algu - na manera coincide con las imágenes en estilo europeo que de él se incluyen en los códices Mendoza y Florentino (figs. 19 y 71). 2 El soldado Bernal Díaz del Castillo lo recuerda como de buena estatura y bien proporcionado, e cenceño e pocas carnes, y la color no muy moreno, sino propia color y matiz de indio, y traía los cabellos no muy largos, sino cuanto le cubrían las orejas, e pocas barbas, prietas y bien puestas e ralas, y el rostro algo largo e alegre, e los ojos de buena manera, e mostraba en su persona en el mirar por un cabo amor, e cuando era menester gravedad. 3 Fray Francisco de Aguilar nos completa el cuadro al hablar, además de la fisonomía de Fig. 23 Detalle de la caja de la Colección Moctezuma, de su carácter: Hackmack que muestra a Moctezuma II realizando un autosacrificio al extraer sangre Era aquel rey y señor de mediana estatura, delicado en el cuerpo, la cabeza grande del lóbulo de la oreja con un y las narices algo retornadas, crespo, asaz astuto, sagaz y prudente, sabio, experto, hueso perforador (véase cat. -
Land, Water, and Government in Santiago Tlatelolco
ABSTRACT This dissertation discusses conflicts over land and water in Santiago Tlatelolco, an indigenous community located in Mexico City, in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. The specific purpose of this study is to analyze the strategies that the indigenous government and indigenous people in general followed in the defense of their natural resources in order to distinguish patterns of continuity and innovation. The analysis covers several topics; first, a comparison and contrast between Mesoamerican and colonial times of the adaptation to the lacustrine environment in which Santiago Tlatelolco was located. This is followed by an examination of the conflicts that Santiago Tlatelolco had with neighboring indigenous communities and individuals who allied themselves with Spaniards. The objective of this analysis is to discern how indigenous communities in the basin of central Mexico used the Spanish legal system to create a shift in power that benefitted their communities. The next part of the dissertation focuses on the conflicts over land and water experienced by a particular group: women. This perspective provides insight into the specific life experience of the inhabitants of Santiago Tlatelolco during Mesoamerican and colonial times. It also highlights the impact that indigenous people had in the Spanish colonial organization and the response of Spanish authorities to the increasing indigenous use of the legal system. The final part discusses the evolution of indigenous government in Santiago Tlatelolco from Mesoamerican to colonial rulership. This section focuses on the role of indigenous rulers in Mexico City public works, especially the hydraulic system, in the recollection of tribute, and, above all, in the legal conflicts over land and water. -
World History (High School) Lesson 3
World History (High School) Lesson 3 DO NOT EDIT--Changes must be made through “File info” CorrectionKey=CA-A Name ________________________________ Class ____________________ Date ____________ The Early Americas Lesson 3 MAIN IDEAS 1. The Aztecs built an empire through warfare and trade, and created an impressive capital city in Mesoamerica. 2. Aztec society was divided by social roles and by class. 3. Aztec religion required human sacrifice for keeping the gods happy. 4. The Aztecs had many achievements in science, art, and language. 5. Hernán Cortés conquered the Aztec Empire. Key Terms and People causeways raised roads across water or wet ground codex a written historical record conquistadors Spanish soldiers and explorers Hernán Cortés Spanish conquistador leader who conquered the Aztec Empire Moctezuma II Aztec ruler who mistook Cortés for a god, leading to the Aztec’s downfall Lesson Summary THE AZTECS BUILD AN EMPIRE By the early 1500s, the Aztecs ruled the most Where was Tenochtitlán powerful empire in Mesoamerica. War was key to located? the Aztecs. They also controlled a huge trade __________________________ network. The capital city Tenochtitlán (tay- NAWCH-teet-LAHN) featured a stunning array of Aztec power and wealth. It had temples, palaces, and a busy market. Three wide causeways connected Tenochtitlán’s island location to the shore. In Aztec society, what did young nobles learn to be? AZTEC SOCIETY __________________________ The king was the most important person in Aztec __________________________ society. He was in charge of law, trade and tribute, and warfare. Young nobles learned to be __________________________ government officials, military leaders, or priests. What often happened to Just below the king and his nobles were priests and captives? warriors. -
Aztec Empire JCC Background Guide
Aztec Empire JCC Background Guide April 13th Kutztown University of Pennsylvania Table of Contents 1 | Page Welcoming Letter from Chair……………………..………………………………. 3 Background ……………. ………………………………………………………………. 4-10 Topic at Hand………………………………………………………………………….. 11 What is Crisis ………………….…………………………………………….……… 12-14 Character List ………………….…………………………………………….……… 14-16 Welcoming Letter From Chair 2 | Page Staff Welcome Letter Dear Delegates, Welcome to KUMUNC XI! My name is Angel Rodriguez and I’m a junior from Reading, PA, majoring in Criminal Justice with a minor in Forensic Science. I have been part of Model UN since September 2017 and this is my first time as a chair. From 2017 until now I have been part of big conferences such as NMUN, McMUN and several others. In my spare time, I love playing basketball and recording myself playing my guitar too, later on, submit it to social media. I have a passion for Forensic Sciences and CSI fascinates me (not the TV show though). Fun facts about me, I cannot do horror movies under any circumstances, I speak two languages, English and Spanish, and a third one but partially which is Italian. The Aztecs culture is best known for the chocolate, amazing architecture, and their sometimes questionable religious ceremonies. Get ready to learn more this April… it is going to be amazing! I want everyone here to have a good time and a fun experience at KUMUNC XI. Although I am a first-time Chair, I know we will have a great time. Feel free to reach out to me with any questions that come to mind. Best of luck, Angel Rodriguez ([email protected]) 3 | Page History Early Mexica The Mexica or Aztlan migrants arrived in the basin area of central Mexico in the mid 13th century.