International Marketing Project ­ Australia

Neil Bastendorff Crater School of Business May 22, 2016

Neil Bastendorff Australia

Table of Contents Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………2 Issue …………………………………………………………………………………………………3 Non­profit …………………………………………………………………..……………………………..4 Geographical Area Analysis …………………………………………………………………………………………………6 Economic Analysis Part 1 …………………………………………………………………………………………………8 Economic Analysis Part 2 ……………………………………………………………………………………..…………11 Political System ………………………………………………………………………………....……………..15 Trade Laws and Legal Analysis ………………………………………………………………………………………..………18 Population …………………………………………………………………………………………..……19 Diet and Nutrition …………………………………………………………………………………..……………22 Housing …………………………………………………………………………………..……………24 Transportation ………………………………………………………………………………………..………28 Labor ………………………………………………………………………………………..………30 Education ………………………………………………………………………………………..………31 Clothing ………………………………………………………………………………………..………33 Recreation and Leisure ………………………………………………………………………………………………..35 Language ……………………………………………………………………………………..…………37 Religion ……………………………………………………………………………………..…………39 Bibliography ………………………………………………………………………………………..………40 Appendix ………………………………………………………………………………………..………41

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Introduction About the Country ­ The Commonwealth of Australia became a nation independent of Great Britain on January 1st, 1901. This day became known as Federation Day, when the British Parliament passed legislation that allowed the six colonies of Australia to govern in their own right. The government today is established as a constitutional monarchy, where Australians have their own constitution, but are still under the supreme rule of the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II. During his first voyage into the Pacific, British Captain James Cook claimed the eastern coast of Australia for the British. Although the continent was not colonised until 1788 by British Convicts, there had been Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islander people inhabiting the land for at least 60,000 years prior. Australia doubles as the world's 6th largest country and the smallest of all the continents. With approximately the same square miles as the 48 contiguous United States, Australia has only 1/13th of the population of the U.S.A. Due to the fact that it was settled first by the British, it is no surprise that the primary language spoken on this island continent is English, and the main religion is Catholic Christian. Most of the culture in the Land Down Under is influenced by English history, but there is also a certain Australian uniqueness to this great land. About the Issue ­ Australia is known for its rich natural resources. Of those iconic landmarks that come to mind, Ayers Rock, Bondi Beach, the Darling River system, Sydney Harbour, one sticks out in particular: the Great Barrier Reef. Comprised of 2,900 individual coral reefs and 900 islands, the Great Barrier Reef covers as much area as 70 million football fields, and can be seen from outter space. But the world's largest living structure is in danger of being destroyed by pollution of the land, air, and water. Since 1985 alone, we have lost 50% of the reefs coral cover to bleaching. Bleaching occurs when water temperatures rise due to climate change. Other major issues that are contributing to the demise of this wonder of the world are unsustainable fishing practices, poor water quality from streams, and an outbreak of the crown­of­thorns starfish which harms the production of new coral growth. We must take control of these issues before it is too late. About the Non­profit ­ We are the Defenders of the Great Barrier Reef, and our cause is to preserve the magnificence of the GBR for generations to come. We make this happen by funding research operations to maximize the resilience of the reef to climate change and by urging action at the international level to promote the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. We are able to do this thanks to those who graciously support our nonprofit organization through contributions of time and money.

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Issue Pollution of the land, air, and water is leading to the demise of Australia’s iconic Great Barrier Reef. It has been one of the Earth's richest and most diverse natural environment since its formation began half a million years ago. Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islanders have fished and navigated these waters for an estimated 100,000 years. The marine park sees more than 1.5 million visitors every year, for coral viewing activities, and scenic flights. As the largest UNESCO World Heritage Site, the Great Barrier Reef has value environmentally, culturally, economically, and as well as in a social sense. Located in the Coral Sea of the Pacific Ocean off the Northeastern coast of Australia’s Queensland, this rich and diverse ecosystem is a collection of 3,000 coral reef, 600 continental islands, and 300 types of soft and hard coral. At nearly 145,000 km², the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is the largest living structure on Earth (visible from outer space), and home to hundreds of species of jellyfish, 3,000 varieties of molluscs, 500 species of worms, 1,600 types of fish, 130 varieties of sharks and rays, and 30 species of whales and dolphins. With all of these creatures dependent upon the reef for survival, there is no dispute that the GBR is one of the world's most important natural assets, and one we must fulfill our duty of protecting. Second only to the Sydney Opera House, The Great Barrier Reef Marine Park is the most highly rated tourist attraction in all of Australia. More than two million people visit this wonder of the world each year generating more than $AU2 billion in tourism dollars, making tourism a major earner for the north­eastern Australian economy. Tourists are carried to the reef system by more than 500 commercial vessels, and tourism is permitted through nearly all the Park. There are growing threats and pressures to the Great Barrier Reef, and pollution is at the forefront of the deterioration of this wondrous ecosystem. According to research by the Australian Institute of Marine Science, coral cover on surveyed reefs has declined by about 50 per cent over the past 30 years. Climate change is another serious threat to the Great Barrier Reef, as it leads to coral bleaching. Climate change in combination with polluted water run­off, and low salinity, increase ocean temperatures, which put stress upon the the symbiotic relationship between corals and the algae they feed upon. When the algae leave due to warm water conditions, the coral becomes pale and susceptible to disease. This is called coral bleaching and it has severely damaged 50 to 60 percent of the GBR coral reefs since 1998. It is imperative that efforts be made at the international level to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, such as CO₂, which harm the Ozone layer and contribute to rapid climate change. Sustainable fishing practices must be implemented in order to minimize the impacts of the reef’s natural biodiversity. Effective action must be taken now and well into the future regarding the preservation of this great natural wonder.

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Non­profit Defenders of The Great Barrier Reef

Mission Statement Dedicated to keeping “great” in the Great Barrier Reef for generations of the future.

What We Do Where does our funding come from? Since tourism is such a powerful market in the region, much of our income is the result of guided snorkeling and diving tours on the reef. People come from all over the globe to experience the wonders of the Great Barrier Reef first hand, experiences such as swimming with a green sea turtle. This quote by Tim Cahill ties the two in very well. He said, “If you get people diving on a coral reef, they're going to become more respectful of the outdoors and more concerned with the threats that places like that face and they're going to care more about protecting them than they would have before.” But if swimming with the real life versions of characters depicted in Finding Nemo, or if you just prefer to stay dry, expeditions are also offered through underwater viewing stations or glass bottom boats. To go along with these spectacular first hand experiences, we also sell popular merchandise as another major source of revenue. We sell clothing items such as t­shirts, sweaters, and hats. On top of that we sell gifts like water bottles, stickers, bracelets, lanyards, and even toys. As is the case for any great non­profit organization, much of the funds that we bring in are thanks to gracious donors who are looking to support a cause that they feel so strongly about. Without this our organization would not be able to do the things we can to protect the Great Barrier Reef and the environment as a whole. We are extremely grateful for your contribution.

Where does our funding go? For every dollar we receive, 40 cents is put back into research organizations, 40 cents goes towards efforts of habitat restoration, and the remaining 20 cents are what we use for daily operations. The main purpose of the money we raise is to fund research organizations, whose primary goal is to maximize the resilience of the Reef. Our proud partner, the Australian Institute of Marine Science, does research for sustainable use and protection of marine resources. In order to reverse the devastation that has already occurred to the reef, we ourselves must put forth great efforts to restore damaged. The best way to prevent future destruction is to fix what has already been destroyed, by patrolling for harmful plastics and other rubbish. Raising awareness is a major issue in the battle to conserve this wonder of the world. If people don’t know that greenhouse gases (for example, CO₂) are depleting the Ozone layer and contributing to climate change, why would they want to switch to renewable resources? This loss of Ozone has already caused climate change that is responsible for the loss of 50% of coral cover due to bleaching since 1985. Plus, outbreaks of the crown­of­thorns starfish are also linked to the

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morality of coral reefs. Stricter fishing laws, as well as the removal of these ravenous starfish, must be implemented to restore balance to the already fragile ecosystem.

Ways You Can Help 1. Please, donate today! Your generous contribution will go directly to the conservation of this World Heritage Site. 2. Join us for an underwater experience you’ll never forget! Support us also by purchasing merchandise from our gift store. 3. Volunteer your time! We could always use your help perform one of our extensive restoration project, where you’ll not only help, but also learn about this diverse natural region.

Partnerships ● Australian Commonwealth Government ­ invests in research provided by the Defenders. ● Australian Institute for Marine Science ­ research organisation. ● Green Army ­ volunteers do the hands­on work of local conservation projects such as habitat restoration, litter removal, and water quality improvement. ● Great Barrier Reef Foundation ­ scientific research company dedicated solely to the preservation of the Great Barrier Reef. ● Donors ­ we appreciate any and all contributions, big or small, as they are vital in funding our operations. Please give today!

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Geographical Area Analysis As the planet's sixth largest country, Australia is a massive island continent. So large, in fact, that climatic zones range from cool temperate forests to tropical rainforests and deserts to snow covered mountains. Australia is surprisingly flat, with it’s highest point only 7,300 feet above sea level and the lowest lies at just 50 feet below sea level. The majority of the Australian population resides along the eastern coast. Located in Oceania, Australia is a massive continent/country located between the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean. Large amounts of trade can be done by sea, especially to Asia, Africa, and the Americas. Air transportation is another means by which to distribute goods. The climate in Australia is generally arid to semiarid, temperate in the South and East, tropical in the North. Arid climates are found in Australia’s Outback and are characterized by a lack of water which prevents much growth of plants and animals, very similar to a desert, also known as a xeric climate. Many of Australia’s rich mineral deposits can be found in these regions. Australia’s temperate climate, experiencing no extreme temperature or precipitation, can be located in the South and Eastern regions. Northernmost regions of Australia experience a Köppen climate, which is a type of tropical climate that receives temperatures of 64°F all twelve months of the year. Caused by ages of movement in the Earth’s crust, river erosion, and changes in climate and sea level, there are four major landform regions that Australia is usually broken down into. The Coastal Plains are a flat, wet strip along the Eastern coast from Queensland to Victoria, home to three of Australia’s largest cities. The Eastern Highlands are home to the highest point on the continent, Mount Kosciuszko, but it does not compare to the size of other mountains throughout the world. One quarter of the entire continent is made up by the Central Lowlands which is a very low­lying region, consisting primarily of sedimentary rock. The Western Plateau covers 33% of the Australian continent and billions of years of erosion have left behind nothing but flat igneous and metamorphic rock. Geography has major effects on a country’s economy. A country’s economic prosperity can either be hindered or aided by that country’s geography. But geography encompasses more than just the variables of climate, topography, and location in the world. Factors such as natural resource endowments, size, distance from world markets, and population settlement patterns also have great influence on countries economic components like GDP. With an area of 2.97 million square miles, surrounded entirely by ocean, extravagant natural resources, and a range of different climates, it’s no secret why Australia’s geography plays a major role in the country’s economic prosperity.

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Geographical Benefits ● Coasts make for easy transportation by sea ● Population is densely concentrated ● Outback is rich with natural resources ● Lakes and rivers everywhere ● Beauty and climate make Australia a world renowned destination for tourists

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Economic Analysis Part 1 Classification Capitalist­Socialist

Description Having one of the world's largest mixed market economies, Australian industry is allowed a level of private economic freedom in the use of capital, while the government may also interfere with economic activities in order to achieve social aims.

Economic Statistics and Activity Australia's economy relies heavily on its export of commodities. Stalling demand for these resources and energy by Asia have caused a steep decline of current prices, negatively impacting the growth of Australia’s economy, which has been on the rise for the past two decades. Throughout these past 20 years, low unemployment, contained inflation, low public debt, and a stable financial system have lead to continuous growth for the Australian economy.

Resources Non­renewable: a leading producer of minerals, (gold, coal, silver, lithium, bauxite, and uranium to name a few) Australia exports most of these resources to Asian countries. Renewable: hydropower, use of water to produce electrical energy.

Industries Services (finance, tourism, media, education, logistics, retail, technology) ­ Companies such as Commonwealth Bank, Jetstar Airways, Ace Radio, Linfox, Myer, and Melbourne IT account for almost 70% of Australia’s total GDP of 1.489 trillion USD. Manufacturing (mining, mineral resources, agriculture, steel, construction) ­ Companies such as BHP Billiton, Rio Tinto, CBH Group, Whyalla, and WDS Limited make up around 20% of Australia’s total GDP of 1.489 trillion USD.

GNP and GDP Official Exchange Rate The official exchange rate of Australia’s Gross Domestic Product is 1.241 trillion USD.

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Total GDP Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

GDP Real Growth Rate

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Gross National Income per Capita

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Economic Analysis Part 2 International Trade Statistics The following facts regarding trade in Australia help explain why it’s economy makes it such a prosperous nation.

Major Exports ● Coal ● Iron ores ● Gold ● Meat ● Wool ● Alumina ● Wheat

Description of Exports It is clear that coal tops the list for very good reasons. As you can see, minerals combine to form a major portion of Australian exports. Most of the coal that is mined in Australia is exported to Asian countries for the generation of electricity.

Dollar Value of Exports Australia exports $184.4 billion worth of commodities annually.

Export Partners

Major Imports

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● Computers/office machines ● Crude/refined petroleum ● Machinery/transport equipment ● Telecommunication equipment/parts

Description of Imports Crude and refined petroleum products combine to create Australia’s greatest import at exactly 15%.

Dollar Value of Imports Australia imports $208.4 billion worth of commodities annually.

Import Partners

Problems of Scarcity Although it is an island nation, Australia has historically struggled with issues of water scarcity. While some parts of the country suffer from flooding, Australia’s water crisis seems to be it’s only lacking resource, especially on the west coast.

Balance of Payments Australia experiences a negative trade balance, meaning that their imports exceed their exports.

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Trade Balance Exports fell to AUD25.26 billion, while imports remained at AUD28.67 billion. This most recent data suggests that Australia’s trade deficit of AUD3.4 billion is a vital component in its economic prosperity.

Exchange Rates As defined by Investopedia, an Exchange Rates is the value of a nation's currency in terms of another currency.

Name of Currency The Australian Dollar (AUD) is worth $0.78 to the United States Dollar (USD).

Current Rate of Exchange The United States Dollar (USD) is worth $1.29 to the Australian Dollar (AUD). Inflation Rate

Inflation is the rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services is rising and, consequently, the purchasing power of currency is falling. Inflation up, purchasing power down. Inflation is often broken down into two types; demand­pull, and cost­push.

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Unemployment Rate

Unemployment rate is the percentage of the work force that is seeking employment and is willing to work but is still unemployed.

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Political System Australia is a representative Federal Parliamentary Democracy with a Commonwealth Realm and three levels of government; federal, state/territory, and local. In this federal system, the powers are shared between a central government and the several individual states and territories. This particular style of governance system affects a number of industries and sectors that foreign investors may seek to partake in, including natural resources, infrastructure, commercial real estate, tourism and manufacturing. It's institutions and practices reflect British and North American models but are uniquely Australian.

Government Type/Political Structure The Commonwealth of Australia was created on January 1, 1901 ­ Federation Day ­ when six former British colonies ­ now the six States of Australia ­ agreed to form a union. The Australian Constitution, which took effect on January 1, 1901, lays down the framework for the Australian system of government, and sets out the rules and responsibilities of government, outlining the powers of its three branches ­ legislative, executive and judicial. Legislature ­ referred to as Parliament, has the power to make laws, consists of three elements, the queen, and the upper (Senate with 76 members) and lower (Representatives with 150 members) houses. Monarch is for life, house elections take place every three years. Executive ­ the power to enforce laws, made up of the Executive Council and the cabinet. Judiciary ­ the power to interpret laws, Chief of Justice and High Court.

Political Parties Two federal parliamentary parties dominate the Australian political system, but there are many more that receive very little attention. (huh, sounds familiar?) The two dominant political parties in Australia are the Australian Labor Party (ALP, “Republicans”) and the Liberal/National Coalition (the Coalition, “Democrats”) which is a political grouping that consists of the Liberal Party of Australia, the Liberal National Party of Queensland, the National Party of Australia, and the Country Liberal Party.

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Leadership Federal Level Monarch ­ Queen Elizabeth II is the reigning British monarch, therefore the Australian monarch, and the head of state. Governor General ­ Sir Peter John Cosgrove, appointed by and represents the queen, commander in chief of the Australian Defense Force.. Prime Minister ­ Malcolm Bligh Turnbull, the most powerful political position in Australia, selects the Governor General but is also commissioned by him.

State and Territory Level Australian Capital Territory ­ Andrew Barr, Chief Minister, treasurer Australian Capital Territory ­ Simon Corbell, attorney general Northern Territory ­ Adam Giles, Liberal New South Wales ­ Mike Baird, governor Victoria ­ Daniel Andrews, premier Queensland ­ Annastacia Palaszczuk, Australian Labor Party Western Australia ­ Colin Barnett, Liberal South Australia ­ Jay Weatherill, Australian Labor Party Tasmania ­ Will Hodgman, Liberal

Local Level Community Council Members

Stability of Government By ratings of the Economist Intelligence Unit, Australia is one of the most politically stable countries in the world. Political stability is a measure of a government's ability to avoid and withstand social unrest such as revolution, terrorism, and public violence. A strong political system promotes ease of doing business, with low corruption, and high public support/favor.

Legal System Australia’s legal system is constitutional law, which was set forth in 1901 when six British colonies formed a federation through the passing of the Commonwealth of Australia Constitution Act by the British Parliament.

Suffrage The right to vote at federal, state, and local levels is obtained by every citizen 18 years and older.

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Flag

Union Flag/Jack ­ associated with/demonstrating loyalty to the British Empire, it consists of the red St George's Cross of England, the white diagonal St Andrew's Cross of Scotland, and the red diagonal St Patrick's Cross of Ireland. Seven Pointed Star ­ Commonwealth or Federation Star. Five White Stars ­ the Southern Cross is a distinctive constellation in the southern hemisphere night sky. Australian National Flag Day ­ September 3rd, 1901. Proportion ­ 2:1

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Trade Laws and Legal Analysis It is not a goal of the Australian government to limit the economic prosperity of the country through absurd restrictions. The government intervenes only when necessary to maintain national security and achieve social expectations.

Tariffs or Taxes Australia has a duty on imported goods brought into the country by either a private individual or commercial entity. Most of the time, tariffs on imports fall under an assessment or classification which determines how a good will be taxed. A duty is a tariff levied on imports. The Wine Equalisation Tax is an example of a tariff of 29% on wine and other alcoholic beverages. The Luxury Car Tax is a 33% levy on certain motor vehicles with a value above a certain threshold.

Trade Laws U.S. Export Controls ­ The United States government restricts exports of valuable resources such as technology, and equipment for the sake of increased national security, and foreign policy intentions. Issuing an export license is the only way for exports to legally take place. A trade barrier is a restraint imposed by the government to limit the flow of international goods and services. Trade Agreements/Barriers ­ Australia negotiates and maintains free trade agreements with many countries, which improves markets, investments, and competition, all which lead to economic prosperity. A free trade agreement, or FTA, is a treaty that reduces trade barriers and investment obligations. A few of Australia’s major FTAs include China, Japan, the U.S., Korea, New Zealand, and Chile. Prohibited and Restricted Imports ­ A restriction on goods means that one must apply for approval or permission to import that good, whereas a prohibited import is simply not allowed into the country. The list of restricted imports is extensive, and includes things such as weapons, drugs, chemicals, and animals.

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Population With a population of over nearly 24 million, it is necessary that our business spread awareness about pollution to the entire Australian continent, and all of it’s surrounding islands. 16.5 metric tons of CO₂ emissions are polluted into the atmosphere by each Australian annually. When greenhouse gases (like CO₂ for example) are released into the environment due to the burning of fossil fuels (coal, natural gas), it leads to the raise of climate change. This difference in temperature is what causes coral bleaching and leads to the demise of the Great Barrier Reef.

Total Population The total population of Australia’s residents is estimated at 23.47 million according to World Bank.

Growth Rate

This data shows that the rate at which people die in Australia is less than the rate of births. That means that the population is growing, and it is doing so at a rate that is greater than Canada and the United States.

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Birth Rate

This statistic represents births per woman who would be born to a woman in her age­specific childbearing years.

Life Expectancy

The life expectancy of men and women varies, with women typically living a couple years longer than men.

Distribution of Population (CLOCK?) The Great Australian Outback is the reason that the population density is only 3 people per square kilometer. Whereas in the most densely populated country, Monaco, maintains over 25,000 people per km².

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Most Populated Cities

It comes as no surprise that all of Australia's greatest cities are located along the coastline as it is an island country. And four of these top five are located on the eastern coast of Australia.

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Diet and Nutrition Typical Meals The Sunday roast is a popular meal that is consumed on Sundays and dates back to the British Isles. It is a meal that consists of a roasted meat, such as beef, pork, lamb, or poultry, and steamed vegetables such as carrots, peas, beans, or broccoli, and mashed potatoes and gravy. Sunday roast is often considered a Christmas style meal, just on a smaller scale. Iconic Australian foods include Vegemite, meat pies, pavlova, and lamingtons. Vegemite is a yeast product in the form of a spread that Australians love to put on toast and other cuisine. It looks similar to blackberry jelly, but is said to have a taste comparable to that of roast beef. Hawaiians have their Spam, and Australians have their Vegemite. One underlying theme in the Australian food story is that Aussies sure love their meats, and they have plenty of farm land on which to raise livestock.

Meat Consumption per Capita

Australia is the meat­eating capital of the world.

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Obesity Rate

Obesity in Australia is an epidemic with increasing frequency. Comparable to America. Indigenous Australians have Australia's highest level of obesity. A 2001 study showing that 31% of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders were obese, nearly double the national average at that time.

Daily Calorie Intake per Capita

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Housing Homes are much more than just another commodity. The great Australian Dream of owning a detached house on a fenced block of land is a belief in Australia that home­ownership can lead to a better life and is an expression of success and security. Living in satisfactory housing conditions is one of the most important aspects of people’s lives. Housing is essential to meet the basic need of shelter, but it is not just a matter of four walls and a roof. Housing should offer a place to sleep and rest where people feel safe and have privacy and personal space; somewhere they can raise a family. All of these elements help make a house a home. And of course there is the question whether people can afford adequate housing. The homeowner feels that he has a stake in the country, and that he has something worth working for, living for, fighting for.

Typical Housing Structures In a study done by the Australian home renovation and design company Houzz, 80% of ​ ​ the population now lives in a detached home, as opposed to the remaining 20% living in either an apartment or townhouse (flat).

Housing Statistics 1. Rooms per person

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2. Home Ownership ­ In a survey of Income and Housing, it was found that an estimated ​ 33% of households owned their homes outright (without a mortgage) and 36% were owners with a mortgage.

3. Size of houses

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4. Urbanization

5. Housing Stats

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Communications Telephone ­ Around ten million fixed line telephone connections and three times that many cellular phone subscriptions. Internet ­ A nationwide broadband network has been available through the government since in was rolled out in 2009. Prior to that, internet connections ranged from dial­up, to DSL, to satellite, to ISDN, and hybrid fiber coaxial cable technologies. Television and Radio ­ Television broadcasting in Australia began in 1956 for the sake of coverage of the Olympic Games in Melbourne. Today there are 104 television stations and radio stations include AM 262, FM 345, and shortwave 1.

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Transportation Australia relies heavily upon transportation via roadways. However, with almost 350 airports featuring paved airports, transportation is also greatly dependent through the air as well. Waterways are essential for carrying cargo between ports in Australia and other countries. Commuter rail networks are set up extensively throughout major cities like Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide, Brisbane and Perth. Pipelines are constructed for the sole purpose of moving massive quantities of resources over great distances in a fair amount of time and at a reasonable cost.

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Transport Analysis Roadways Paved and Unpaved

Water and Railways The Murray­Darling River System is Australia’s longest river at 2,508 km and is vital for the transportation of good throughout the country, especially between the cities of Canberra and Melbourne, and Adelaide. The primary rail system in Australia connects the northernmost city (Darwin) and the westernmost city (Perth) to much of the eastern half of the nation (cities such as Sydney, Adelaide, Canberra, and Brisbane).

Ships and Airports

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Labor Job Market and Availability ● The minimum age to legally obtain work in Australia is 15 years, and even then, there are limits and rules as to what types of jobs and how many weekly hours one may be allowed to work. ● As for how much a boss values their employees opinion, the boss is more interested in one’s ability to get the job done and cares less about their title, rank, or status. ● Benefits for employees in Australia vary by state and territory legislation for occupational health and safety, workers comp, and equal opportunity employment.

Industries ● Agriculture, mining, manufacturing, energy services, construction, retail and wholesale trade, accommodations, transport, media, financial, real estate, education, and healthcare all rank among the highest of industries that create jobs in Australia.

Workday ● 8:30 to 16:30 Monday through Friday, working overtime is not uncommon. ● A lunch break of usually an hour takes place at some point throughout the day. ● Men should wear a dark suit with a white shirt and tie. ● Women should wear a business suit or smart dress. ● A few of the national holidays observed in Australia include New Year's Day, Australia Day, Good Friday/Easter Saturday, Sunday, and Monday, The Queen's Birthday, Labour Day, and Christmas. ● It is rude to not shake hands before and after a business meeting.

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Education Education in Australia generally follows the three­tier model. States and territories in typically are responsible for governing primary and secondary education and regulate funding of public and private schools within their area. The Australian federal government helps fund public universities but does not dictate curriculum. Education in Australia is compulsory between the ages of 5 and 17. The academic calendar year in Australia varies by state, usually beginning in February and ending in November.

Enrollment Levels

Literacy Rate

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Chosen Statistic

Evaluation As is the case for many subjects, the United States and Australia stack up rather comparatively in the area of education. Years of compulsory education are about equal. Although the school year takes place at different times throughout the year, due to the difference of hemisphere, the Australian education system, curriculum, and standards share many commonalities to that of America.

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Clothing Business Attire Men: Australians have a reputation for being a laid back bunch, but this does not exactly apply to the business world. When in business environments, Australian people tend to dress rather conservatively. Business attire norms in Australia are not much different than here in the U.S. Dark suits with a white shirt and bright tie are generally preferred, and it is always better to play it safe and over­dress, rather than under­dress. A quality watch can be an asset, but excessive jewellery could be viewed as “flashy” and therefore unprofessional. Women: Once again, very similar to what women wear for standard business dress in America. Business suits with skirts or trousers are most appropriate. Women are better off not to wear too much jewelry or makeup, as it can be seen as extravagant and “showing of

Casual Attire:

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Native/Aboriginal Dress:

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Recreation and Leisure In the dictionary, leisure is defined as the use of free time for enjoyment, and recreation is said to be an activity of leisure. The iconic Sydney Opera House likely comes to mind when thinking of high quality entertainment in Australia, but the options down under are as endless as the coastlines. From art galleries and cultural museums, to restaurants and breweries, to theatres and concerts, any and all of Australia’s bustling cities are sure to satisfy your entertainment desires. When it comes to sports in Australia, cricket and rugby have been the longstanding favorites of fans throughout the nation. Cricket is a game that dates back centuries and remains one of the most popular leagues in Australia. Australia is known around the world for its competitiveness in the brutal game of rugby. Australia also has a history with the Olympics, when Sydney hosted The Summer Games in 2000. When in search of tourist attractions, including cities and natural wonders, look no further than the outback. Uluru National Park of the Northern Territory is a popular tourist destination and a sacred natural rock formation for the Aboriginal Australians. Cairns is known as the gateway to the Great Barrier Reef, and is surrounded by lush green rainforest. Bondi Beach in New South Wales is a surfers paradise. These are only a tiny fraction of the extensive list of exciting destinations for travelers of Australia.

Entry/Exit Requirements If all of these activities are tempting you to visit this great land, you should know that to enter into Australia, one needs a passport valid at the time of entry. A tourist visa is also required, or an Electronic Travel Authority (ETA) for tourism or business trips lasting less than 90 days. There are no necessary vaccinations one needs to receive prior to entering Australia, but there is a limit of 10,000 AUD that can be brought into or taken out of the country at one time.

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Language English remains to be considered the number one essential language for business, so it is fortunate that English is the most commonly used language in Australia. It also just so happens to be that the second most popular language spoken in Australia is Mandarin, which is spoken by over a billion people making it dominant in China and throughout the world economy.

National or Official Language The primary language spoken in Australia is English, with 76.8 percent of the population speaking it.

Dialects or Minor Languages Secondary languages spoken in Australia are common throughout the world, including Mandarin, Italian, Arabic, Greek, Cantonese, and Vietnamese. Languages spoken by the Aboriginal Australians and Torres Strait Islander people include Torres Strait Creole (aka Ailan Tok), Meriam Mir, Australian Aboriginal Pidgin English, Cocos Malay, Gurindji Kriol, and Maltralian. There are many dialects within the aforementioned languages, for example, the Erub dialect of Miriam Mer is spoken in certain different regions.

World Languages

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10 Most Influential Languages 1. English ­ spoken in Australia, two billion people worldwide use English to communicate on a regular basis. 2. French ­ the language of love, used by many international groups and organizations. 3. Spanish ­ the native language of over 400 million people. 4. Arabic ­ although difficult to quantify, its connection with Islam (the second most popular religion in the world, with 1.226 billion practicers) makes Arabic a very influential language globally. 5. Mandarin 6. Russian 7. Portuguese 8. German 9. Japanese 10. Hindustani

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Religion Australia has no official state religion and the Australian Constitution protects freedom of religion. With that said, the founders of Australia were Englishmen so the majority of the population practices Christianity of one denomination or another. Indigenous Australians have spirituality all their own. Like the Aboriginal Dreamings, Creation Stories or Legends from the Torres Strait Islands provide a basis for their religious identity.

Types of Religions

Since Australia was settled first by Christians, it is no wonder that it is still the primary religion to this day. However, Buddhism is the fastest­growing religion in Australia, but is still still represents a very small percentage of the entire population.

Effects of Religion Christians have moral obligations towards the protecting the earth, so they would undoubtedly be willing to donate to support a non­profit that benefits the environment. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people believe the concept of 'spirituality' refers to a more holistic view of life, particularly one's bond with the land, sea and air.

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Bibliography "Australia: Business Dress." Executive Planet. ZERIF, n.d. Web. 19 May 2016. ​ ​ "Australian Embassy." Traveling to Australia Information. U.S. Passports & International ​ ​ Travel, 03 Mar. 2016. Web. 15 May 2016. "Australia." OEC. Observatory of Economic Complexity, n.d. Web. 22 April 2016. ​ ​ "Australia's Cultural Diversity." Diversity of Religion and Spiritual Beliefs. Racismnoway, n.d. ​ ​ Web. 10 May 2016. "Business Etiquette." Just Landed. Australia Guide, n.d. Web. 18 May 2016. ​ ​ "Defining Democracy." Museum of Australian Democracy. Old Parliament House, n.d. Web. 22 ​ ​ May 2016. "Doing Business in Australia." Business Culture and Etiquette in Australia. N.p., n.d. Web. 22 ​ ​ May 2016. "Housing." OECD Better Life Index. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, ​ ​ n.d. Web. 20 May 2016. "How Big Is a House?" Shrinkthatfootprint.com. Average House Size by Country, 30 April ​ ​ 2013. Web. 27 April 2016. "Liberal Democracy." AustralianPolitics.com. H.L. Mencken, n.d. Web. 12 April 2016. ​ ​ "Overview of U.S. Export Control System." U.S. Department of State. U.S. Department of State, ​ ​ n.d. Web. 18 April 2016. "Overweight and Obesity." AIHW. Authoritative Information and Statistics to Promote Better ​ ​ Health and Wellbeing, n.d. Web. 2 May 2016. "Pollution Is Everywhere ­ Cool Australia." Cool Australia. N.p., 05 Nov. 2012. Web. 23 May ​ ​ 2016. "The Ideology of Home Ownership." Kemeny, Jim. Urban Planning in Australia: Critical ​ Readings, ed. J. Brian McLoughlin and Margo Huxley. Melbourne: Longman Cheshire ​ Pty Limited, 1986. p256­7. "Top Goods and Services." Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. Australian Government, ​ ​ n.d. Web. 15 April 2016.

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Appendix Non­profit Print Ad

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Additional Images

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Etiquette Tips 1. Australians often use colorful language that would not be appreciated in other countries. 2. On the contrary, the “thumbs up” all is good gesture here in America is a vulgar one in Australia. 3. The phrase “I am stuffed” that follows a large, delicious meal in America, means “I am pregnant” to Australians. 4. It is okay for them to say “G’day, mate” but foreigners should stick to the usual “Hello, how are you?” to avoid annoying or mocking the Aussies. 5. As is the case anywhere, punctuality is critical. 6. Australians don’t care about your status or title, they believe that your ability to get a job done and done well should speak for itself.

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Selection Memo

CSB Inc. Memo

To: Jeremy Sinks

From: Neil Bastendorff cc: Mike Rogan

Date: March 30, 2016

Re: Country Study & Non­Profit

After researching and analyzing topics listed on the CSBeast shared spreadsheet, it is evident that there are many social, environmental, and political issues that plague our world. Nonprofit organizations are a great way to solve many of these terrible issues all around the globe.

Australia – Great Barrier Reef Protection The Great Barrier Reef is roughly half the size of Texas and is home to over 30 species of whales, dolphins, porpoises, and sharks, 6 species of sea turtles, 215 species of birds, 17 species of snake, 1500 species of fish, and 330 species of ascidians. This composition of over 2,900 individual reefs is estimated to be around 20 million years old but is in danger due to climate change and human pollution. ● Research funding, snorkeling tours

Lithuania – Suicide Awareness Latest statistics from the World Health Organization show that Lithuania again is on top when it comes to suicides – with 61.3 men 10.4 women per 100,000 inhabitants deciding to end their lives this sad way – annually. ● Prevention campaign, hotline

Peru – Hunger & Poverty Relief In Peru, over 7 million people (22.7 percent of the population) live in poverty, and more than a million (4.3 percent) in extreme poverty which is most prevalent in rural communities. Chronic malnutrition is highly prevalent in children in women. ● Food bank

Please consider my ideas for these nonprofit organizations that would benefit in making the world a greater place.

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