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TRANSITIVITY in FLATHEAD Sarah Thomason & Daniel Everett
317 318 TRANSITIVITY IN FLATHEAD ANTIPASSIVE suffix -( elm (usually called "middle" in the Salishalliiterature); transitives with the BACKGROUNDED AGENT suffix -( elm (often called "passive/indefinite agent" Sarah Thomason & Daniel Everett in the literature); DERIVED TRANSITIVES in m; TRANSITIVE CONTINUATIVES in -( e)m; University of Pittsburgh transitives detransitivized by lexical suffixes; and transitives detransitivized by the reflexive suffix -cut. These nine constructions do not, of course, exhaust the list of relevant patterns; our work is at a preliminary stage, and we have not yet explored ABSTRACT all the constructions that have some connection with transitivity. We omit a few Flathead, a Salishan language spoken in northwestern Montana, has a ver detransitivizing constructions, notably the reciprocal, because they behave basically bal system that seems at first glance to distinguish transitive constructions like reflexive forms with respect to transitivity. We do not consider unaccusatives. from intransitive ones in a quite straightforward way: transitive verbs have a We also omit discussion of the so-called "intransitive reflexives". A more significant transitive suffix and a characteristic set of subject and object markers, while omission is the lack of any specific consideration of interactions between control and intransitive verbs lack the transitive suffix and have a completely different set transitivity (see e.g. Thompson 1985); we have as yet too little information on control of subject markers. In addition, the two constructions differ systematically in features in Flathead to comment on them here. Another major transitivity-related topic their marking of adjunct (or argument) noun phrases. Initial appearances are that is largely omitted from our account is the patterning of the various constructions deceiving, however. -
Determining Language Contact Effects in Ancient Contact Situations Sarah
Determining language contact effects in ancient contact situations Sarah Thomason University of Michigan Proving the existence of ancient language contacts is easy; proving the existence of ancient contact-induced language change is much more difficult, by compari- son to analyses of modern contact situations. This paper surveys some ancient contacts and their effects on the languages. The main conclusion is that the historical methods used for analyzing better-documented contact situations can be applied to ancient contact situations as well. But the chances for success are likely to be more limited, because gaps in the available information may make it impossible to satisfy the prerequisites for proposing contact-induced changes. 1. Introduction. Language contact is almost as old as humankind. It has surely been a constant feature of human culture for as long as humans have spoken more than one language|which, if we assume a monogenetic origin for humans and therefore for human language, would presumably have been somewhere from several hundred to several thousand years after the beginning, depending on when the earliest speech community broke up into two or more subcommunities or separate communities. Evidence of language contact, however, is much more recent. To a certain extent we can infer the existence of language contacts from known population movements and cultural practices. So, for instance, the amount of linguistic diversity in New Guinea, with its thou- sand or so languages, must have taken many millennia to develop (even before Austronesian speakers arrived a few thousand years ago to settle around the island's coast), and there is no reason to suppose that the intensive language contact that characterizes the island is a modern phenomenon. -
We Are the Wuikinuxv Nation
WE ARE THE WUIKINUXV NATION WE ARE THE WUIKINUXV NATION A collaboration with the Wuikinuxv Nation. Written and produced by Pam Brown, MOA Curator, Pacific Northwest, 2011. 1 We Are The Wuikinuxv Nation UBC Museum of Anthropology Pacific Northwest sourcebook series Copyright © Wuikinuxv Nation UBC Museum of Anthropology, 2011 University of British Columbia 6393 N.W. Marine Drive Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z2 www.moa.ubc.ca All Rights Reserved A collaboration with the Wuikinuxv Nation, 2011. Written and produced by Pam Brown, Curator, Pacific Northwest, Designed by Vanessa Kroeker Front cover photographs, clockwise from top left: The House of Nuakawa, Big House opening, 2006. Photo: George Johnson. Percy Walkus, Wuikinuxv Elder, traditional fisheries scientist and innovator. Photo: Ted Walkus. Hereditary Chief Jack Johnson. Photo: Harry Hawthorn fonds, Archives, UBC Museum of Anthropology. Wuikinuxv woman preparing salmon. Photo: C. MacKay, 1952, #2005.001.162, Archives, UBC Museum of Anthropology. Stringing eulachons. (Young boy at right has been identified as Norman Johnson.) Photo: C. MacKay, 1952, #2005.001.165, Archives, UBC Museum of Anthropology. Back cover photograph: Set of four Hàmac! a masks, collection of Peter Chamberlain and Lila Walkus. Photo: C. MacKay, 1952, #2005.001.166, Archives, UBC Museum of Anthropology. MOA programs are supported by visitors, volunteer associates, members, and donors; Canada Foundation for Innovation; Canada Council for the Arts; Department of Canadian Heritage Young Canada Works; BC Arts Council; Province of British Columbia; Aboriginal Career Community Employment Services Society; The Audain Foundation for the Visual Arts; Michael O’Brian Family Foundation; Vancouver Foundation; Consulat General de Vancouver; and the TD Bank Financial Group. -
Philosophy Newsletter Fall 2012.Indd
Michigan Philosophy News Fall 2012 for friends, alumni, alumnae of the Department of Philosophy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor INSIDE THIS ISSUE • Graduate and Undergraduate Program News • Field Reports: PENGUIN, Science Fiction and Philoso- phy, Philosophy Movie Night, The Reference Book, and The Science of Ethics Project • Recent Graduates • Contributions Dear Friends of Michigan Philosophy, Loyal readers of the Michigan Philosophy News will recognize a new format this year. Instead of a single extended centerpiece in the form of a faculty article developing a research theme, we feature a number of shorter “fi eld reports,” meant to convey the range of departmental goings-on this year. This range includes (but is not limited to!) undergraduate course development, the co-curricular innovation of Philosophy Movie Night at the Michigan Theater, “The Science of Ethics” project, and PENGUIN, a graduate student initiative to teach philosophy in the Detroit public schools. Also in this year’s MPN, the Directors of Undergraduate and Graduate Studies report directly on their spheres. The only task this leaves the Department Chair is to deliver an overview of events and developments since the last MPN, and to express thanks to all of those who help to make philosophy at Michigan what it is. This I proceed to do. Faculty and Staff News Although we have no new full-time faculty to introduce, we have two “dry” appointments to announce, two visiting professors to welcome, and two faculty returning in newly elevated positions to celebrate. “Dry” appointments are faculty working full-time in other units, but ready and able to contribute to Departmental life, for instance by teaching cross-listed courses, advising graduate students, or initiating collaborative exchanges. -
SCOPIC Design and Overview
Language Documentation & Conservation Special Publication No. 12 Social Cognition Parallax Interview Corpus (SCOPIC) ed. by Danielle Barth and Nicholas Evans, pp. 1–21 http://nflrc.hawaii.edu/ldc/sp12 1 http://hdl.handle.net/10125/24742 SCOPIC Design and Overview Danielle Barth and Nicholas Evans Australian National University and the ARC Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language This paper provides an overview of the design and motivation for creating the Social Cognition Parallax Interview Corpus (SCOPIC), an open-end- ed, accessible corpus that balances the need for language-specific annota- tion with typologically-calibrated markup. SCOPIC provides richly anno- tated data, focusing on functional categories relevant to social cognition, the social and psychological facts that place people and others within an interconnected social context and allow people to interact with one an- other. By ‘parallax corpus’ we mean ‘broadly comparable formulations resulting from a comparable task’, to avoid the implications of ‘parallel corpus’ that there will be exact semantic equivalence across languages. We describe the data structure of the corpus and the language functions being annotated, and provide an example of a typological analysis using recursive partitioning, a modern statistical technique. The current paper should be seen as the introductory chapter of an open-ended special issue of LDC whose goal is to make available both the original corpus, the evolving annotated versions, and analyses coming from them, so that any investigator can examine the corpus with their own questions in mind. A range of new papers, linked to the evolv- ing corpus, will be added to this special issue over time. -
Prayer Cards | Joshua Project
Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Abkhaz in Ukraine Abor in India Population: 1,500 Population: 1,700 World Popl: 307,600 World Popl: 1,700 Total Countries: 6 Total Countries: 1 People Cluster: Caucasus People Cluster: South Asia Tribal - other Main Language: Abkhaz Main Language: Adi Main Religion: Non-Religious Main Religion: Unknown Status: Minimally Reached Status: Minimally Reached Evangelicals: 1.00% Evangelicals: Unknown % Chr Adherents: 20.00% Chr Adherents: 16.36% Scripture: New Testament Scripture: Complete Bible www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Apsuwara - Wikimedia "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Achuar Jivaro in Ecuador Achuar Jivaro in Peru Population: 7,200 Population: 400 World Popl: 7,600 World Popl: 7,600 Total Countries: 2 Total Countries: 2 People Cluster: South American Indigenous People Cluster: South American Indigenous Main Language: Achuar-Shiwiar Main Language: Achuar-Shiwiar Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Main Religion: Ethnic Religions Status: Minimally Reached Status: Minimally Reached Evangelicals: 1.00% Evangelicals: 2.00% Chr Adherents: 14.00% Chr Adherents: 15.00% Scripture: New Testament Scripture: New Testament www.joshuaproject.net www.joshuaproject.net Source: Gina De Leon Source: Gina De Leon "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 "Declare his glory among the nations." Psalm 96:3 Pray for the Nations Pray for the Nations Adi in India Adi Gallong in India -
Sources of Variation in Mongolian Sign Language
33 Sources of Variation in Mongolian Sign Language Leah C. Geer University of Texas at Austin 1. Introduction1 During a nine month period in which data on Mongolian Sign Language (MSL) were collected in a Field Methods course, there were numerous instances of disagreement between language consultants on the correct sign for a given concept. The present paper seeks to describe these disagreements in terms of the potential sources of language variation among language consultants. The remainder of this paper is organized as follows: In section 1 we provide a sampling of previous work on language contact and language variation and describe the link between them. We then discuss the linguistic outcomes of contact situations between signed and spoken languages versus signed and signed languages as they relate to the present investigation. In section 2 we describe how data were collected and annotated and in section 3 we present our findings. Section 4 includes a discussion of these findings with respect to previous work on language contact, language variation, and language attitudes. In section 5 we close with brief mention of how to expand upon this work in the future. 1.1 Background: Language contact and language variation Several studies of lexical variation in signed languages have been undertaken: Lucas, Bayley & Valli (1991) for American Sign Language (ASL); Schembri, Johnston & Goswell (2006), Schembri & Johnston (2006, 2007) for Australian Sign Language (Auslan); and McKee & McKee (2011) for New Zealand Sign Language (NZSL), just to 1 Many thanks are in order here. First to our consultants (and in particular NB who has maintained contact with me and always been eager to answer questions), who shared their language with our group. -
14 Annu a L Repo
20 t R l Repo A 14 Annu The Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language is an ARC funded centre of excellence (CE140100041). College of Asia and the Pacifc The Australian National Unviersity H.C. Coombs Building Fellows Road, Acton ACT 2601 Email: [email protected] Phone: (02) 6125 9376 www.dynamicsofanguage.edu.au www.facebook.com/CoEDL © ARC Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language 2014 Design: Sculpt Communications ARC Centre of excellence for the Dynamics of language Annual Report 2014 table of contents Section 1: The Centre 7 Section 2: People 25 Section 3: Research 49 Section 4: Education, Training and Mentoring 75 Section 5: Outreach and Engagement 81 Section 6: Outputs 90 Section 7: Financials 103 Section 8: Performance indicators 105 7 one on I t C e S 01tHe CentRe HEADING HEADING Introducing the ARC Centre of excellence for the Dynamics of language 8 Using language is as natural as breathing, and almost as important, for using language transforms every aspect of human experience. But it has been extraordinarily diffcult to understand its evolution, diversifcation, and use: a vast array of incredibly different language systems are found across the planet, all representing different solutions to the problem of evolving a fexible, all-purpose communication system, and all in constant fux. The ARC Centre of Excellence for the To achieve this transformation of the Dynamics of Language (CoEDL) will shift language sciences and the fow-on the focus of the language sciences from the translational outcomes for the public and long-held dominant view that language is a end-users, we have assembled a team which static and genetically constrained system — makes surprising and bold connections to a dynamic model where diversity, variation, between areas of research that until now plasticity and evolution, along with complex have not been connected: linguistics, interactions between language-learning and speech pathology, psychology, anthropology, perceptual and cognitive processes, lie at the philosophy, bioinformatics and robotics. -
2011 Census Definitions and Output Classifications
2011 Census Definitions and Output Classifications December 2012 Last Updated April 2015 Contents Section 1 – 2011 Census Definitions 6 Section 2 – 2011 Census Variables 49 Section 3 – 2011 Census Full Classifications 141 Section 4 – 2011 Census Footnotes 179 Footnotes – Key Statistics 180 Footnotes – Quick Statistics 189 Footnotes – Detailed Characteristics Statistics 202 Footnotes – Local Characteristics Statistics 280 Footnotes – Alternative Population Statistics 316 SECTION 1 2011 CENSUS DEFINITIONS 2011 Census Definitions and Output Classifications 1 Section 1 – 2011 Census Definitions 2011 Resident Population 6 Absent Household 6 Accommodation Type 6 Activity Last Week 6 Adaptation of Accommodation 6 Adult 6 Adult (alternative classification) 7 Adult lifestage 7 Age 7 Age of Most Recent Arrival in Northern Ireland 8 Approximated social grade 8 Area 8 Atheist 9 Average household size 9 Carer 9 Cars or vans 9 Catholic 9 Census Day 10 Census Night 10 Central heating 10 Child 10 Child (alternative definition) 10 Children shared between parents 11 Civil partnership 11 Cohabiting 11 Cohabiting couple family 11 Cohabiting couple household 12 Communal establishment 12 Communal establishment resident 13 Country of Birth 13 Country of Previous Residence 13 Current religion 14 Daytime population 14 Dependent child 14 Dwelling 15 Economic activity 15 Economically active 16 Economically inactive 16 Employed 16 2011 Census Definitions and Output Classifications 2 Section 1 – 2011 Census Definitions Employee 17 Employment 17 Establishment 17 Ethnic -
The Deaf of Mozambique
Profile Year: 2015 People and Language Detail Report Language Name: Mozambican Sign Language ISO Language Code: mzy The Deaf of Mozambique The Mozambican Sign Language Community Among the poorest of the poor in Mozambique, the Mozambican Deaf typically are unemployed or under-employed. This forces them to remain with their (hearing) family to have regular income, moving to a city to try to find employment or joining a local Deaf gang. Local churches have tried to reach out to meet the needs of the Deaf, but the need is quite large. Most Deaf live for “today.” Many fall into sexual immorality as well as drugs, alcohol, gangs, and stealing to survive. As a Deaf population within a hearing one, the Mozambican Deaf struggle from the same things that most Deaf globally do: ● Most are born to hearing parents, but do not usually learn language or values from them. They often lack anything more than basic communication skills with family members. ● Their difficulty is not the inability to hear, but the great barrier to communicating with the surrounding dominant culture, especially acquiring photo by DOOR International information. ● In Mozambique, many hearing families still consider the birth of a deaf child to be a curse for some previous sin or wrong. Primary Religion: Mozambique formally recognized Mozambican Sign Language as an Non-religious __________________________________________________ indigenous language in 2005. But it has only three schools for the deaf, with Disciples (Matt 28:19): limited use of Mozambican Sign Language (oral methods are employed: to Less than 2% read lips, speak and read __________________________________________________ Portuguese). -
Dr. Ellen Simon Chair of the Exam Board
Supervisor: Prof. dr. Mieke Van Herreweghe Co-supervisor: Dr. Ellen Simon Chair of the Exam Board: Prof. dr. Liliane Haegeman Members of the PhD Exam Committee: Prof. dr. Katrien Deroey Prof. dr. Caroline Kerfoot Prof. dr. Miriam Taverniers Prof. dr. Carola Strobl Faculteit Letteren & Wijsbegeerte Marcos Abílio Nhapulo Strategic and Extensive Reading in English as a Foreign Language among Mozambican University Students Proefschrift voorgelegd tot het behalen van de graad van Doctor in deTaalkunde Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements to obtain the PhD-degree in Linguistics 2016 Declaration “I declare that Strategic and Extensive Reading in English as a Foreign Language among Mozambican University Students is my own work, that has never been presented for obtaining any degree or in another context and that it constitutes the result of my personal research. This Dissertation is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements to obtain the PhD- degree in Linguistics, at Ghent University, Faculty of Arts and Philosophy” Ghent - Belgium, November, 2016. Signed: Marcos Nhapulo v Keywords English as a Foreign Language English Language Teaching Extensive Reading Learner Beliefs and Expectations Mozambican University Students Reading Attitudes Reading Comprehension Reading Speed Reading Strategies Reading Strategy Instruction Tertiary Education vii Acknowledgements Reading comprehension is crucial in language learning and throughout the four years of research I have learnt how to become a good, strategic and a fluent reader. This was thanks to all the people and researchers I have met during my research. I believe that without their contributions this dissertation would not have been possible. I owe a great debt of gratitude to my supervisor Mieke Van Herreweghe for her patience and knowledge she shared with me. -
1 the Phonology of Wakashan Languages Adam Werle University
1 The Phonology of Wakashan Languages Adam Werle University of Victoria, March 2010 Abstract This article offers an overview of the phonological typology and analysis of the Wakashan languages, namely Haisla, Heiltsukvla (Heiltsuk, Bella Bella), Oowekyala, Kwak’wala (Kwakiutl), Nuu-chah-nulth (Nootka), Ditidaht (Nitinaht), and Makah. Like other languages of the Northwest Coast of North America, these have many consonants, including several laterals, front and back dorsals, few labials, contrastive glottalization and lip rounding, and a glottal stop with similar distribution to other consonants. Consonant-vowel sequences are characterized by large obstruent clusters, and no hiatus. Of theoretical interest at the segmental level are consonant mutations, positional neutralizations of laryngeal features, vowel-glide alternations, glottalized vowels and glottalized voiced plosives, and historical loss of nasal consonants. Also addressed here are aspects of these languages’ rich prosodic morphology, such as patterns of reduplication and templatic stem modifications, the distribution of Northern Wakashan schwa, alternations in Southern Wakashan vowel length and presence, and the syllabification of all-obstruent words. 1. Introduction The Wakashan language are spoken in what are now British Columbia, Canada, and Washington State, USA. The family comprises a northern branch—Haisla, Heiltsukvla, Oowekyala, and Kwa kwala—and̓ a southern branch—Nuu-chah-nulth, Ditidaht, and Makah— that diverge significantly from each other, but are internally very similar. They are endangered, being spoken natively by about 350 people, out of ethnic populations of about 23,000 whose main language is English. At the same time, most are undergoing active revitalization, with about 1,000 semi-speakers and learners ( First Peoples’ Language Map ).