Creoles, their Substrates, and Language Typology

Edited by Claire Lefebvre University of Quebec at Montreal

John Benjamins Publishing Company Amsterdam / Philadelphia Table of contents

Preface ix

Part I. Introduction

The problem of the typological classification of Creoles 3 Claire Lefebvre

Part II. Creoles spoken in Africa and in the Caribbean

Edo influence on Santome: Evidence from verb serialisation 37 Tjerk Hagemeijer and Ota Ogie

A Wolof trace in the verbal system of the Portuguese Creole of Santiago Island (Cape Verde) 61 Jiirgen Lang

Substrate influences in Kriyol: Guinea-Bissau and Casamance Portuguese-related Creole 81 Alain Kihm

One substrate, two Creoles: The development of segmental inventories in St. Lucian and Haitian 105 Anne-Marie Brousseau

Substrate features in the properties of verbs in three Atlantic Creoles: Haitian Creole, Saramaccan and Papiamentu 127 Claire Lefebvre

Assessing the nature and role of substrate influence in the formation and development of the Creoles of Suriname 155 Bettina Migge vi Creoles, their Substrates, and Language Typology

African substratal influence on the counterfactual in 181 Genevieve Escure

Substrate features in Nicaraguan, Providence and San Andres Creole Englishes: A comparison with Twi 201 Angela Bartens

Palenque(ro): The search for its African substrate 225 Armin Schwegler

Part III. Creoles spoken in Asia

Convergence-to-substratum and the passives in Singapore English 253 Bao Zhiming

Tone in : Substrate features from Sinitic and Malay 271 Lisa Lim

The Cantonese substrate in China Coast 289 Umberto Ansaldo, Stephen Matthews and Geoff Smith

Substrate influences in Mindanao Chabacano 303 Anthony P. Grant

Negation in Ternate Chabacano 325 Eeva Sippola

Aspect and directionality in Kupang Malay serial verb constructions: Calquing on the grammars of substrate languages 337 June Jacob and Charles E. Grimes

Sri Lanka Malay and its Lankan adstrates 367 Umberto Ansaldo

Dravidian features in the Sri Lankan Malay verb 383 Peter Slomanson Table ot contents VII

Part IV. Creoles spoken in the Pacific

Papuan Malay of New Guinea: Melanesian influence on verb and clause structure 413 Mark Donohue

The influence of Arandic languages on Central Australian Aboriginal English 437 Harold Koch

Roper River Aboriginal language features in Australian Kriol: Considering semantic categories 461 Jennifer Munro

Substrate influences on Pidgin: The origin of -im and -fela 489 Harold Koch

Limits of the substrate: Substrate grammatical influence in Pijin 513 Angela Terrill

Substrate reinforcement and the retention of Pan-Pacific Pidgin features in modern contact varieties 531 JeffSiegel

The copula in Hawai'i Creole English and substrate reinforcement 557 Sarah J. Roberts

"On traduit la langue en francais": Substrate influence in the TMA system of Tayo 575 Barbara Sandeman

Part V. Conclusion

Creoles and language typology 599 Bernard Comrie

Index of authors 613 Index of languages and language families 619 Index of subj ects 623