Schicksalswahl 1945
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Utgaard on Klambauer, 'Österreichische Gedenkkultur Zu Widerstand Und Krieg: Denkmäler Und Gedächtnisorte in Wien 1945 Bis 1986'
Habsburg Utgaard on Klambauer, 'Österreichische Gedenkkultur zu Widerstand und Krieg: Denkmäler und Gedächtnisorte in Wien 1945 bis 1986' Review published on Thursday, January 20, 2011 Karl Klambauer. Österreichische Gedenkkultur zu Widerstand und Krieg: Denkmäler und Gedächtnisorte in Wien 1945 bis 1986. Der Nationalsozialismus und seine Folgen. Innsbruck: StudienVerlag, 2006. 333 pp. EUR 37.80 (paper), ISBN 978-3-7065-4076-6. Reviewed by Peter Utgaard (Cuyamaca College)Published on HABSBURG (January, 2011) Commissioned by Jonathan Kwan Remembrance in Vienna In the early 1980s, historian Robert Knight discovered the 1948 cabinet papers where the Austrian leaders discussed the question of restitution for Jewish victims of the Nazi regime in Austria. Knight’s revealing of the words of Interior Minister Oskar Helmer--“I am in favor of dragging this matter out”-- spelled out exactly how Austrian policy would function. After publication of Knight’s book (resisted by the government), Helmer’s phrase became part of Austria’s political lexicon.[1] Knight’s find was concrete evidence of a postwar political culture that was dominated by what historians would later call the victim myth, victim thesis, and other names. In postwar Austria, the political system and the government was characterized by Proporz, the power sharing and divvying of patronage spoils by the two main political parties, the Socialist Party of Austria (SPÖ) and the conservative Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP). The rebirth of an independent Austria, reversing the Nazi annexation of 1938, came courtesy of the Four Powers who had defeated Nazi Germany. The political leadership in Austria seized this opportunity and immediately adopted a doctrine that Austria and most Austrians were unequivocal victims of Nazi Germany. -
Occupation and Independence: the Austrian Second Republic, 1945-1963
http://gdc.gale.com/archivesunbound/ OCCUPATION AND INDEPENDENCE: THE AUSTRIAN SECOND REPUBLIC, 1945-1963 The experience of the Anschluss and Nazi rule deepened the commitment of Austrians to parliamentary democracy and Austrian statehood. The electorate remained divided into three political camps—socialist/Marxist, Catholic, and nationalist/liberal—but cooperation replaced extreme political polarization. Through Allied occupation, slow economic growth, dependency on Marshall Plan, the Second Republic became a stable democracy. The major political parties strove towards ending Allied occupation and restoring a fully independent Austria. Upon the termination of Allied occupation, Austria was proclaimed a neutral country, and "everlasting" neutrality was incorporated into the Constitution on October 26, 1955. Date Range: 1945-1963 Content: 84,972 images Source Library: U.S. National Archives Detailed Description: As the Soviet troops advanced on Vienna, they occupied the town where Socialist leader Karl Renner lived in retirement. Despite his anti-Soviet reputation, Renner was chosen by the Soviet leaders to form and head a provisional government, apparently believing the aging politician would be an easily manipulated figurehead. Renner, however, established authority based on his leadership role in the last freely elected parliament, not on the backing of the Soviet Union. On April 27, 1945, the provisional government issued a decree nullifying the Anschluss and reestablishing an independent, democratic Republic of Austria under the 1920 constitution as amended in 1929. The country was occupied by the Allies on May 9, 1945 and under the Allied Commission for Austria established by an agreement on July 4, 1945, it was divided into Zones occupied respectively by American, British, French and Soviet Army personnel, with Vienna being also divided similarly into four sectors. -
Wolfgang Schüssel – Bundeskanzler Regierungsstil Und Führungsverhalten“
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit: „Wolfgang Schüssel – Bundeskanzler Regierungsstil und Führungsverhalten“ Wahrnehmungen, Sichtweisen und Attributionen des inneren Führungszirkels der Österreichischen Volkspartei Verfasser: Mag. Martin Prikoszovich angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 300 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Politikwissenschaft Betreuer: Univ.-Doz. Dr. Johann Wimmer Persönliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit, dass ich die vorliegende schriftliche Arbeit selbstständig verfertigt habe und dass die verwendete Literatur bzw. die verwendeten Quellen von mir korrekt und in nachprüfbarer Weise zitiert worden sind. Mir ist bewusst, dass ich bei einem Verstoß gegen diese Regeln mit Konsequenzen zu rechnen habe. Mag. Martin Prikoszovich Wien, am __________ ______________________________ Datum Unterschrift 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Danksagung 5 2 Einleitung 6 2.1 Gegenstand der Arbeit 6 2.2. Wissenschaftliches Erkenntnisinteresse und zentrale Forschungsfrage 7 3 Politische Führung im geschichtlichen Kontext 8 3.1 Antike (Platon, Aristoteles, Demosthenes) 9 3.2 Niccolò Machiavelli 10 4 Strukturmerkmale des Regierens 10 4.1 Verhandlungs- und Wettbewerbsdemokratie 12 4.2 Konsensdemokratie/Konkordanzdemokratie/Proporzdemokratie 15 4.3 Konfliktdemokratie/Konkurrenzdemokratie 16 4.4 Kanzlerdemokratie 18 4.4.1 Bundeskanzler Deutschland vs. Bundeskanzler Österreich 18 4.4.1.1 Der österreichische Bundeskanzler 18 4.4.1.2. Der Bundeskanzler in Deutschland 19 4.5 Parteiendemokratie 21 4.6 Koalitionsdemokratie 23 4.7 Mediendemokratie 23 5 Politische Führung und Regierungsstil 26 5.1 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 35 6 Die Österreichische Volkspartei 35 6.1 Die Struktur der ÖVP 36 6.1.1. Der Wirtschaftsbund 37 6.1.2. -
„Österreich Ist Frei !“
„Österreich ist frei !“ Der österreichische Staatsvertrag 1955 Ein Unterrichtsleitfaden Die Schlacht um Österreich Am 29. März 1945, Gründonnerstag, überschreiten alliierte Verbände erstmals die heutige österreichische Grenze im mittleren Burgenland. Es sind Verbände der Roten Armee (3. Ukrainische Front) unter Marschall Fjodor I. Tolbuchin. In ihrem Gepäck: Flugblätter, in denen sie sich zu „Befreiern“ vom NS-Regime erklären und Bezüge zur Moskauer Deklaration von 1943 herstellen. Die militärische Zangenbewegung der Roten Armee geht in Richtung Wien (Schlacht um Wien 6.–13. April 1945). Zu Ostern stehen sowjetische Truppen schon 30 Kilometer vor Graz. Schwere Kämpfe in der Oststeiermark, im „Jogl- land“ und in Niederösterreich bis Kriegsende. DER EHEMALIGE STAATS- KANZLER KARL RENNER WIRD VON DEN SOWJETS IM AUFTRAG STALINS GESUCHT. ER NIMMT ZUGLEICH VON SICH AUS MIT IHNEN KONTAKT AUF; RENNER Kämpfe in Wien, WIRD ZUR SCHLÜSSELFIGUR DER an der Badner- WIEDERERRICHTUNG DER Bahn, April 1945 ZWEITEN REPUBLIK. © Votava Die Moskauer Deklaration vom 31. Oktober 1943: „Die Regierungen des Vereinigten Königreiches, der Sowjetunion und der Ver- einigten Staaten von Amerika sind darin einer Meinung, daß Österreich, das erste freie Land, das der typischen Angriffspolitik Hitlers zum Opfer fallen sollte, von deutscher Herrschaft befreit werden soll. Sie betrachten die Besetzung Österreichs durch Deutschland am 15. März 1938 als null und nichtig. Sie betrachten sich durch keinerlei Änderungen, die in Österreich seit diesem Zeitpunkt durchgeführt wurden, als irgendwie ge- bunden. Sie erklären, daß sie wünschen, ein freies unabhängiges Österreich wiederhergestellt zu sehen und dadurch ebensosehr den Österreichern selbst wie den Nachbarstaaten, die sich ähnlichen Problemen gegenübergestellt sehen werden, die Bahn zu ebnen, auf der sie die politische und wirtschaft- liche Sicherheit finden können, die die einzige Grundlage für einen dauernden Frieden ist. -
Postwar Austria and the Jewish Refugees. the Role of the Exile Studies in Coming to Terms with the Past
Demokratiezentrum Wien Onlinequelle: www.demokratiezentrum.org source: Unpublished manuscript, Vienna/Lubbock, TX 2004. Sonja Niederacher Postwar Austria and the Jewish Refugees. The Role of the Exile Studies in coming to Terms with the Past In this paper I am going to give an outline of the development of Austrian politics and society. I am focusing on how Austria has dealt with its National Socialist past from the postwar era until today and I am comparing this to the history of Exile Studies. Exile Studies is the discipline that explores the forced emigration of people, mostly Jews, who were persecuted by the Nazis. Unlike Germany where Nazi oppression rose gradually from 1933 onwards, the ‘Anschluss’ Austria’s to the German Reich in March 1938 came all of a sudden over the Jewish community. Approximately 120,000 out of 180,000 people were lucky enough to be able to escape the Nazi persecution in Vienna. The persecution was so brutal that Vienna gathered the status of a Model-city within the German Reich.1 And it affected not only Jews but also political activists, Communists and Social Democrats as well as members and supporters of the Dollfuss and Schuschnigg governments. Some were both, Jewish and political opponents, which put them into even greater danger.2 Most of them fled first to other European countries, to Great Britain, France or the Scandinavia. As the Germans succeeded to occupy big parts of Europe, the refugees had to get overseas, above all to the United States, Latin America, and Palestine. In most countries of Exile, intellectuals, artists and politicians among the refugees built up organizations in order to support their compatriots and also to set a political signal of opposition against Nazi-oppression. -
Curriculum Vitae of Mr. Franz KARASEK
COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS Strasbourg, 17 January 1984 Restricted CM(83)181 CMD001964 Addendum ELECTION OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL Letter from the Permanent Representative of Austria Addendum: Curriculum Vitae of Mr. Franz KARASEK 83.235 02.2 CM(83)181 - 2 - Addendum CURRICULUM VITAE of Mr. Franz KARASEK Born on 22 April 1924 in Vienna; married to Gertrud (n§e Hnolik); 2 children Languages: French, English, Russian Law studies at the University of Vienna (Doctor of Law); International law studies in Paris 1950 Appointment to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs 1952-53 Secretary to Federal Chancellor Leopold Figl 1953-56 Secretary to Federal Chancellor Julius Raab 1956-60 Counsellor at the Austrian Embassy in Paris 1960-64 Counsellor at the Austrian Embassy in Moscow 1964-66 Head of the Private Office of Federal Chancellor Josef Klaus 12OO-/U Director General £01. Fuifeigii Cultural Relations at tuc Federal Ministry of Education 1970-79 Member of Parliament 1970 Member of the Steering Committee of the House of Europe, Vienna 1972 Joint editor of the quarterly journal of economic affairs and contemporary history "Europaische Rundschau", Vienna International duties 1970-72 : Substitute member of the Austrian delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 1972-79 : Member of the Austrian delegation 1973-74 : Vice-President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 1974-76 : General Rapporteur of the Political Affairs Committee of the Parliamentary Assembly 1974-79 : Chairman of the Committee on Culture and Education of the Parliamentary Assembly 1970-79 : Member of the Austrian delegation to the United Nations General Assembly 1972-79 : Member of the Austrian delegation to the Inter-Parliamentary Union (1976-79, Chairman of the Committee on Legal, Parliamentary and Human Rights Questions) 1979 : 8 May - was elected Secretary General of the Council of Europe Took up duties on 1 October 1982 : 16 October - was awarded the Robert Schuman Gold Medal. -
The Marshall Plan in Austria 69
CAS XXV CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIANAUSTRIAN STUDIES STUDIES | VOLUME VOLUME 25 25 This volume celebrates the study of Austria in the twentieth century by historians, political scientists and social scientists produced in the previous twenty-four volumes of Contemporary Austrian Studies. One contributor from each of the previous volumes has been asked to update the state of scholarship in the field addressed in the respective volume. The title “Austrian Studies Today,” then, attempts to reflect the state of the art of historical and social science related Bischof, Karlhofer (Eds.) • Austrian Studies Today studies of Austria over the past century, without claiming to be comprehensive. The volume thus covers many important themes of Austrian contemporary history and politics since the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy in 1918—from World War I and its legacies, to the rise of authoritarian regimes in the 1930s and 1940s, to the reconstruction of republican Austria after World War II, the years of Grand Coalition governments and the Kreisky era, all the way to Austria joining the European Union in 1995 and its impact on Austria’s international status and domestic politics. EUROPE USA Austrian Studies Studies Today Today GünterGünter Bischof,Bischof, Ferdinand Ferdinand Karlhofer Karlhofer (Eds.) (Eds.) UNO UNO PRESS innsbruck university press UNO PRESS UNO PRESS innsbruck university press Austrian Studies Today Günter Bischof, Ferdinand Karlhofer (Eds.) CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | VOLUME 25 UNO PRESS innsbruck university press Copyright © 2016 by University of New Orleans Press All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage nd retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. -
OECD Review of Policies to Improve the Effectiveness of Resource Use in Schools
OECD Review of Policies to Improve the Effectiveness of Resource Use in Schools Country Background Report for Austria Prepared by Michael Bruneforth, Bernhard Chabera, Stefan Vogtenhuber, Lorenz Lassnigg Autumn 2015 This report was prepared by the Ministry of Education and Women’s Affairs (BMBF), the Federal Institute for Educational Research, Innovation & Development of the Austrian School System (BIFIE) and the Institute for Advanced Studies (IHS) as an input to the OECD Review of Policies to Improve the Effectiveness of Resource Use in Schools. The OECD and the European Commission (EC) have established a partnership for the project, whereby participation costs of countries which are part of the European Union’s Erasmus+ programme are partly covered. The participation of Austria was organised with the support of the EC in the context of this partnership. The report responds to guidelines the OECD provided to all countries and it aimed to prepare for the country visit of the OECD review team to Austria in June 2015. The opinions expressed are not necessarily those of the national authority, the OECD or its member countries. Further information about the OECD Review is available at www.oecd.org/edu/school/schoolresourcesreview.htm. The published version of the country background report entails a number of editorial changes. The page numbers given in the reference “Bruneforth et al., forthcoming” in the country review report Nusche, D., T. Radinger, M. R. Busemeyer, H. Theisens (2016), OECD Reviews of School Resources: Austria 2016, OECD Reviews of School Resources, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264256729-en, therefore, do not necessarily match the pages in the published version of the background report. -
Austrian Federalism in Comparative Perspective
CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | VOLUME 24 Bischof, Karlhofer (Eds.), Williamson (Guest Ed.) • 1914: Aus tria-Hungary, the Origins, and the First Year of World War I War of World the Origins, and First Year tria-Hungary, Austrian Federalism in Comparative Perspective Günter Bischof AustrianFerdinand Federalism Karlhofer (Eds.) in Comparative Perspective Günter Bischof, Ferdinand Karlhofer (Eds.) UNO UNO PRESS innsbruck university press UNO PRESS innsbruck university press Austrian Federalism in ŽŵƉĂƌĂƟǀĞWĞƌƐƉĞĐƟǀĞ Günter Bischof, Ferdinand Karlhofer (Eds.) CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | VOLUME 24 UNO PRESS innsbruck university press Copyright © 2015 by University of New Orleans Press All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage nd retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, LA 138, 2000 Lakeshore Drive. New Orleans, LA, 70148, USA. www.unopress.org. Printed in the United States of America Book design by Allison Reu and Alex Dimeff Cover photo © Parlamentsdirektion Published in the United States by Published and distributed in Europe University of New Orleans Press by Innsbruck University Press ISBN: 9781608011124 ISBN: 9783902936691 UNO PRESS Publication of this volume has been made possible through generous grants from the the Federal Ministry for Europe, Integration, and Foreign Affairs in Vienna through the Austrian Cultural Forum in New York, as well as the Federal Ministry of Economics, Science, and Research through the Austrian Academic Exchange Service (ÖAAD). The Austrian Marshall Plan Anniversary Foundation in Vienna has been very generous in supporting Center Austria: The Austrian Marshall Plan Center for European Studies at the University of New Orleans and its publications series. -
Center RA Publishes Book of Plays from Terezín Ghetto
CENTER FOR AUSTRIAN STUDIES Vol. 21, No. 1 • Spring 2009 Center RA publishes book of plays from Terezín ghetto ASNAUSTRIAN STUDIES NEWSLETTER plus: The Haider phenomenon and its abrupt end HappySpring 2009 10th birthday, Wirth Institute! 1 ASN/TOC Letter from the Director 3 a few fall fotos Minnesota Calendar 3 News from the Center: Lisa Peschel 4 ASN Interview: Elmar Ritzinger 6 ASN Interview: Gerald Stourzh 10 Photos: Climate Change Public Forum 12 Opportunities for Giving 13 Publications: News and Reviews 14 Hot off the Presses 17 News from the Field: Wirth turns ten 18 Report from New Orleans 20 Salzburg Festival preview 21 Jörg Haider, 1950-2008 22 Enno Kraehe, 1921-2008 23 ASN Interview: Sissi Tax 24 SAHH News 25 Announcements 26 On November 6, Austrian historian Siegfried Beer delivered the 2008 Kann Memorial Lecture, “A Second Chance: Allied Attitudes and Reconstruction Policies in Post-World War II Austria.” Above, left to right: College of Liberal Arts Dean James Parente, Jr. and ASN Siegfried Beer. Photo: Daniel Pinkerton. Austrian Studies Newsletter Volume 21, No. 1 • Spring 2009 Designed & edited by Daniel Pinkerton Editorial Assistants: Linda Andrean, Joshua Kortbein, Thomas König, Katie Kraker, Lisa Peschel ASN is published twice annually, in February and September, and is distributed free of charge to interested subscribers as a public service of the Center for Austrian Studies. Director: Gary B. Cohen Administrative Manager: Linda Andrean Editor: Daniel Pinkerton Send subscription requests or contributions to: Center for Austrian Studies University of Minnesota Attn: Austrian Studies Newsletter 314 Social Sciences Building 267 19th Avenue S. -
Paths in Austrian and Finnish History
Smallcons Project A Framework for Socio-Economic Development in Europe? The Consensual Political Cultures of the Small West European States in Comparative and Historical Perspective (No. HPSE-CT-2002-00134) Work Package 10 Paths in Austrian and Finnish History Helmut Konrad, Martin Pletersek, Andrea Strutz (eds.) Department of History/Contemporary History, University of Graz September 2004 Contributors: Helmut Konrad, Martin Pletersek, Johanna Rainio-Niemi, Henrik Stenius, Andrea Strutz 2 Contents Helmut Konrad, Martin Pletersek, Andrea Strutz Paths in Austrian and Finnish history – a tentative comparison Helmut Konrad Periods in the History of Austrian Consensualism Henrik Stenius Periodising Finnish Consensus Martin Pletersek, Andrea Strutz A Monarchy and Two Republics – the Austrian Path (including comparative context of neighbouring new EU-members) Johanna Rainio-Niemi Paths in the Austrian and Finnish history: FINLAND (including comparative context of neighbouring new EU-members) 3 Paths in Austrian and Finnish history – a tentative comparison Helmut Konrad, Martin Pletersek, Andrea Strutz The smallcons-project "A Framework for Socio-economic Development in Europe? The Consensual Political Cultures of the Small West European States in Comparative and Historical Perspective" reserves a particular place for Austria and Finland because "[…] these cases suggest that the communication capacity conditional for consensualism can emerge within only a few decades." (Annex to the contract: 3). As opposed to the other project countries, the project proposal assumes that the two are the discontinuity cases whose historical paths didn't seem to point towards consensualism. In the words of Peter Katzenstein, "[…] the Austrian train was at every branch switched in a direction opposite from the other small European states." (1985: 188). -
W Wir Morgen Leben
1080 Wien 1080 Politik. Wirtschaft. Religion. Kultur. Österreichischer Cartellverband 2/2018 (März) 69. Jahrgang69. | Erscheinungsort: Wien. Österreichische M | ACADEMIA, Lerchenfelder Post AG. MZ 02Z030510 14, Str. , € 3,00 (AT) Preis: W WIR MORGEN LEBEN Retten Bildung und Breitband den ländlichen Raum? 2050: Europa wächst – durch Migration 4 2018: Für Bildung und ein sicheres Morgen 22 1938: „Wären’s halt nicht beim CV gewesen.“ 30 Inhaltsverzeichnis | THEMENÜBERSICHT 4 2050: Europa wächst durch Migration. Sind wir vorbereitet? Andreas Kiefer 7 Ländliche Idylle im Zehnminutentakt Wilhelm Ortmayr 11 Stadt-Land-Gegensatz revisited: Vom Zentrum in die Peripherie Ewald Verhounig 14 Stadtregionen – der Raum, wo Stadt und Land fließend sind. Außerdem Alexander Lesigang 21 Kaspar meint … 17 Haben die Kleinen eine Zukunft? Nicolaus Drimmel 37 Leserbrief Politik Ein Jahr ACADEMIA um € 15,- 22 „Unser Programm heißt Bildung und Vertrauen in die Zukunft“ Das Jahres-Abo im Umfang von sechs Interview mit Wilfried Haslauer Ausgaben kostet nur 15,00 Euro und kann per E-Mail an [email protected] 27 Kann der Franke Bayern? oder per Telefon unter +43-1- Oder gar noch mehr? 405 16 22 31 bestellt werden. Es genügt auch einfach eine Überweisung des Veit Neumann Abonnement-Preises auf das Konto AT11 3200 0002 1014 5050 (Academia) Zeitgeschichte unter Angabe der Zustelladresse. 30 „Ja, Herr Kollege, wären Sie halt nicht beim CV gewesen!“ O F F E N L E G U N G Medieninhaber: Cartellverband der katholischen Gerhard Hartmann österreichischen Studentenverbindungen (ÖCV). Unternehmensgegenstand: Laut §2(1) der ÖCV-Statuten: „Der Verein hat den 33 Schüsse, Verhöre, Lagerhaft … Zweck, die Allgemeinheit auf geistigem, kulturellem und sittlichem Gebiet, insbesondere auf den Gebieten der Kunst, der Wissenschaft, der Volksbildung, der Der März 1938 als CVer Erziehung, der Heimatkunde und der Heimatpflege, ferner bei der praktischen Christoph Proksch Betätigung der katholischen Weltanschauung und der vaterländischen österrei- chischen Gesinnung zu fördern.