„Österreich Ist Frei !“
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Buchanan on Bischof and Petschar, 'The Marshall Plan: Saving Europe, Rebuilding Austria'
H-Diplo Buchanan on Bischof and Petschar, 'The Marshall Plan: Saving Europe, Rebuilding Austria' Review published on Saturday, April 21, 2018 Günter Bischof, Hans Petschar. The Marshall Plan: Saving Europe, Rebuilding Austria. New Orleans: University of New Orleans Publishing, 2017. 336 pp. $49.95 (cloth), ISBN 978-1-60801-147-6. Reviewed by Andrew N. Buchanan (University of Vermont)Published on H-Diplo (April, 2018) Commissioned by Seth Offenbach (Bronx Community College, The City University of New York) Printable Version: http://www.h-net.org/reviews/showpdf.php?id=50939 The bibliographic details of this book should probably include its size (9.5” by 12”) and its weight (five pounds). This is a physically impressive book, and its sheer size, beautiful design, and lavish illustration suggest a work intended for display on coffee tables rather than use in academic studies. Yet the authors are both senior scholars of Austrian history and of the Marshall Plan in particular. Günter Bischof is the Marshall Plan Professor of History at the University of New Orleans and Hans Petschar is a historian and librarian at the Austrian National Library and the holder of the 2016-17 visiting Marshall Plan Chair at the University of New Orleans. Their credentials suggest that the authors have something more than a coffee table book in mind, and as it weaves its way through the pages of photographs their text offers a serious scholarly appreciation of the working of the Marshall Plan in Austria. Austria found itself in an ambiguous—not to say dangerous—position at the end of World War II. -
Ford, Kissinger, Austrian Chancellor Bruno Kreisky
File scanned from the National Security Adviser's Memoranda of Conversation Collection at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library MEMORANDUM THE WHITE HOUSE • WASHINGTON iEG:R~ /NODIS/XGDS MEMORANDUM OF CONVERSATION PARTICIPANTS: President Gerald Ford Bruno Kreisky, Chancellor of Austria Dr. Henry A. Kissinger, Secretary of State and Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs Lt. General Brent Scowcroft" Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Mfairs DATE AND TIME: Monday, June 2, 1975 7:30 p. m. PLACE: Schloss Klessheim Salzburg The President: Everything in Austria since we arrived -- the warm reception, the facilities, your warm hospitality -- is just perfect. It almost convinced me to forget Rome and stay here. ~ ~ Secretary Kissinger: I can't convince the President how hard it is to ~ conduct a conversation with Moro. ,1 Chancellor Kreisky: He is a very quiet man. Saragat used to like heavy _~ wine. After drinking too much of it, he said "Italy doesn't exist. It is 1) the fiction of a bankrupt French Count in the service of the duchy of :ftl-Piedmont. 1/ ! I w ecretary Kissinger: That's not bad. e ~ I;:: ~ Chancellor Kreisky: They are all faithful to their local area. There is w fd ~ ~ no national feeling. It is the most divided country in history. Cl.)1-.:~ cd" ~ ~ !! .. The President: They have made a good effort in the past year to pull ~ 0 ~ themselve s out of their political difficulties. t.Li;: CLASSIFIED BY Henry A. Kissinger EXEMPT FROM GENERAL DECLASSIFICATION ~ >" S:SEiiR8"/NOD~/XGDS SCHEDULE OF EXECUTIVE ORDER 116>2 Z CD EXEMPTION CATEGORy--=5.J.(B:;=.L)-l(-=.Iz..';;::..31-)-=-_~--:-_ ",U.:rTOMATICALLY DECLASSIFIED ON Imp. -
AV Austria Innsbruck
AV Austria Innsbruck Home Die Austria Die Geschichte der AV Austria Innsbruck Austrier Blätter Folgend geben wir lediglich einen kurzen Überblick und Auszüge von unserer Verbindungsgeschichte: Programm Interesse? Die ersten Jahre Intern Unsere Verbindung wurde am 9. Juni 1864 von zwei Kontakt Philosophiestudenten, Franz Schedle und Johann Wolf, gegründet. Sie ist damit die älteste katholische Verbindung Österreichs und die "vierte" Verbindung, die dem damals noch Deutschland, Österreich und Tschechien umfassenden Cartellverband (CV) beitrat. Die Anfangsjahre waren von der liberalen und kirchenfeindlichen Denkweise vieler Professoren und Studenten an der Universität, speziell der schlagenden Corps, und daraus resultierenden Anfeindungen bis hin zu tätlichen Übergriffen geprägt. Ein gewaltiger Dorn im Auge war den bestehenden Corps vor allem die Ablehnung der Mensur, was zu vielen Provokationen und Ehrbeleidigungen führte. Ein in Couleurkreisen relativ bekannter Austrier beispielsweise, Josef Hinter, späterer Gründer der Carolina Graz, wurde wegen der Ablehnung eines Duells mit einem Schlagenden unehrenhaft aus der kaiserlichen Armee entlassen, und dies war kein Einzelfall. Dennoch gelang es der Austria, binnen sechs Jahren zur größten Verbindung Innsbrucks zu werden. Die Austria bildete 1866 etwa den dritten Zug der Akademischen Legion (Studentenkompanie) im Krieg gegen Italien. Zugsführer war der Gründer der Austria, Franz Xaver Schedle! Die Fahne der Studentenkompanie hängt heute in einem Schaukasten bei der Aula der Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck. In dieser Aula prangert übrigens auch an der Strinseite des Saales unser Wahlspruch! Damals wie heute lauteten die Prinzipien: RELIGIO, das Bekenntnis zur Römisch-Katholischen Kirche PATRIA, Heimatliebe und Bekenntnis zum Vaterland Österreich SCIENTIA, akademische und persönliche Weiterbildung AMICITIA, Brüderlichkeit und Freundschaft Mehr über unsere 4 Prinzipien erfährst Du unter "Prinzipien". -
From the History of Polish-Austrian Diplomacy in the 1970S
PRZEGLĄD ZACHODNI I, 2017 AGNIESZKA KISZTELIŃSKA-WĘGRZYŃSKA Łódź FROM THE HISTORY OF POLISH-AUSTRIAN DIPLOMACY IN THE 1970S. AUSTRIAN CHANCELLOR BRUNO KREISKY’S VISITS TO POLAND Polish-Austrian relations after World War II developed in an atmosphere of mutu- al interest and restrained political support. During the Cold War, the Polish People’s Republic and the Republic of Austria were on the opposite sides of the Iron Curtain; however, after 1945 both countries sought mutual recognition and trade cooperation. For more than 10 years following the establishment of diplomatic relations between Austria and Poland, there had been no meetings at the highest level.1 The first con- tact took place when the then Minister of Foreign Affairs, Bruno Kreisky, came on a visit to Warsaw on 1-3 March 1960.2 Later on, Kreisky visited Poland four times as Chancellor of Austria: in June 1973, in late January/early February 1975, in Sep- tember 1976, and in November 1979. While discussing the significance of those five visits, it is worth reflecting on the role of Austria in the diplomatic activity of the Polish Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA). The views on the motives of the Austrian politician’s actions and on Austria’s foreign policy towards Poland come from the MFA archives from 1972-1980. The time period covered in this study matches the schedule of the Chancellor’s visits. The activity of the Polish diplomacy in the Communist period (1945-1989) has been addressed as a research topic in several publications on Polish history. How- ever, as Andrzej Paczkowski says in the sixth volume of Historia dyplomacji polskiej (A history of Polish diplomacy), research on this topic is still in its infancy.3 A wide range of source materials that need to be thoroughly reviewed offer a number of 1 Stosunki dyplomatyczne Polski, Informator, vol. -
Austria's Shift to Authoritarian Islam Politics
NO: 40 PERSPECTIVE MAY 2018 Austria’s Shift to Authoritarian Islam Politics FARID HAFEZ • How can we contextualize the initiative for banning the hijab? • What is this ban’s main function? • Is this law just another step of introducing discriminatory laws that treat Muslims differently than other religious groups? • What can the Islamic Religious Community do about these plans? INTRODUCTION The latest legal initiative for banning the hijab While Austria was long known for its inclusion into was initiated by the new Austrian government, which the polity of Muslim institutions by recognizing Islam is a coalition of the People’s Party (ÖVP) under the as early as 1912 and the existence of an authorized re- leadership of Sebastian Kurz, who is a central actor ligious community, a corporate public body, for Mus- in the recent changes of Austria’s Islam politics - he lims since 1979, Austria’s Islam politics have recently was state secretary of integration and then minister shifted to a much more authoritarian relation to its of foreign affairs and integration s-, and the right- Muslims citizens that reflect the tendencies of securiti- wing populist Freedom Party (FPÖ). This also breaks zation of Islam in many countries across the world. with a very loose regulation of the hijab that predat- With the new Islam Act of 2015, the Austrian govern- ed this new initiative.3 ment institutionalized a discriminatory act, which The latest initiative for banning the hijab builds on made Muslims second-class citizens regarding their a long campaign targeting -
Building an Unwanted Nation: the Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Carolina Digital Repository BUILDING AN UNWANTED NATION: THE ANGLO-AMERICAN PARTNERSHIP AND AUSTRIAN PROPONENTS OF A SEPARATE NATIONHOOD, 1918-1934 Kevin Mason A dissertation submitted to the faculty of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of PhD in the Department of History. Chapel Hill 2007 Approved by: Advisor: Dr. Christopher Browning Reader: Dr. Konrad Jarausch Reader: Dr. Lloyd Kramer Reader: Dr. Michael Hunt Reader: Dr. Terence McIntosh ©2007 Kevin Mason ALL RIGHTS RESERVED ii ABSTRACT Kevin Mason: Building an Unwanted Nation: The Anglo-American Partnership and Austrian Proponents of a Separate Nationhood, 1918-1934 (Under the direction of Dr. Christopher Browning) This project focuses on American and British economic, diplomatic, and cultural ties with Austria, and particularly with internal proponents of Austrian independence. Primarily through loans to build up the economy and diplomatic pressure, the United States and Great Britain helped to maintain an independent Austrian state and prevent an Anschluss or union with Germany from 1918 to 1934. In addition, this study examines the minority of Austrians who opposed an Anschluss . The three main groups of Austrians that supported independence were the Christian Social Party, monarchists, and some industries and industrialists. These Austrian nationalists cooperated with the Americans and British in sustaining an unwilling Austrian nation. Ultimately, the global depression weakened American and British capacity to practice dollar and pound diplomacy, and the popular appeal of Hitler combined with Nazi Germany’s aggression led to the realization of the Anschluss . -
Wolfgang Schüssel – Bundeskanzler Regierungsstil Und Führungsverhalten“
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by OTHES DIPLOMARBEIT Titel der Diplomarbeit: „Wolfgang Schüssel – Bundeskanzler Regierungsstil und Führungsverhalten“ Wahrnehmungen, Sichtweisen und Attributionen des inneren Führungszirkels der Österreichischen Volkspartei Verfasser: Mag. Martin Prikoszovich angestrebter akademischer Grad Magister der Philosophie (Mag. phil.) Wien, 2012 Studienkennzahl lt. Studienblatt: A 300 Studienrichtung lt. Studienblatt: Politikwissenschaft Betreuer: Univ.-Doz. Dr. Johann Wimmer Persönliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit, dass ich die vorliegende schriftliche Arbeit selbstständig verfertigt habe und dass die verwendete Literatur bzw. die verwendeten Quellen von mir korrekt und in nachprüfbarer Weise zitiert worden sind. Mir ist bewusst, dass ich bei einem Verstoß gegen diese Regeln mit Konsequenzen zu rechnen habe. Mag. Martin Prikoszovich Wien, am __________ ______________________________ Datum Unterschrift 2 Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Danksagung 5 2 Einleitung 6 2.1 Gegenstand der Arbeit 6 2.2. Wissenschaftliches Erkenntnisinteresse und zentrale Forschungsfrage 7 3 Politische Führung im geschichtlichen Kontext 8 3.1 Antike (Platon, Aristoteles, Demosthenes) 9 3.2 Niccolò Machiavelli 10 4 Strukturmerkmale des Regierens 10 4.1 Verhandlungs- und Wettbewerbsdemokratie 12 4.2 Konsensdemokratie/Konkordanzdemokratie/Proporzdemokratie 15 4.3 Konfliktdemokratie/Konkurrenzdemokratie 16 4.4 Kanzlerdemokratie 18 4.4.1 Bundeskanzler Deutschland vs. Bundeskanzler Österreich 18 4.4.1.1 Der österreichische Bundeskanzler 18 4.4.1.2. Der Bundeskanzler in Deutschland 19 4.5 Parteiendemokratie 21 4.6 Koalitionsdemokratie 23 4.7 Mediendemokratie 23 5 Politische Führung und Regierungsstil 26 5.1 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick 35 6 Die Österreichische Volkspartei 35 6.1 Die Struktur der ÖVP 36 6.1.1. Der Wirtschaftsbund 37 6.1.2. -
Global Austria Austria’S Place in Europe and the World
Global Austria Austria’s Place in Europe and the World Günter Bischof, Fritz Plasser (Eds.) Anton Pelinka, Alexander Smith, Guest Editors CONTEMPORARY AUSTRIAN STUDIES | Volume 20 innsbruck university press Copyright ©2011 by University of New Orleans Press, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. All rights reserved under International and Pan-American Copyright Conventions. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. All inquiries should be addressed to UNO Press, University of New Orleans, ED 210, 2000 Lakeshore Drive, New Orleans, LA, 70119, USA. www.unopress.org. Book design: Lindsay Maples Cover cartoon by Ironimus (1992) provided by the archives of Die Presse in Vienna and permission to publish granted by Gustav Peichl. Published in North America by Published in Europe by University of New Orleans Press Innsbruck University Press ISBN 978-1-60801-062-2 ISBN 978-3-9028112-0-2 Contemporary Austrian Studies Sponsored by the University of New Orleans and Universität Innsbruck Editors Günter Bischof, CenterAustria, University of New Orleans Fritz Plasser, Universität Innsbruck Production Editor Copy Editor Bill Lavender Lindsay Maples University of New Orleans University of New Orleans Executive Editors Klaus Frantz, Universität Innsbruck Susan Krantz, University of New Orleans Advisory Board Siegfried Beer Helmut Konrad Universität Graz Universität -
Katalog Zur Ausstellung Österreichisches Staatsarchiv - Generaldirektion
Fotos und Dokumente im Österreichischen Staatsarchiv Katalog zur Ausstellung Österreichisches Staatsarchiv - Generaldirektion Text: Robert Stach Layout & Grafi k: Sabine Gfrorner Wien 2010 Zum Geleit Wenige Politiker im Laufe der Geschichte haben das Bild Österreichs im In- und Ausland so geprägt wie Bruno Kreisky (1911-1990). Seine Karriere führte diesen Mann, in verschiedensten Positionen seinem Land dienend, fast bis in das höchste Amt des Staates, eine Funktion für die zu kandidieren er jedoch ablehnte. Verfolgt von der Politik der Dreißigerjahre, als Sozialist, als Jude, kehrte er aus dem schwedi- schen Exil ohne Ressentiments zurück und half von Anfang an die Verwaltung der Zweiten Republik aufzubauen. Schon dabei nützte er die im Ausland geknüpften Kontakte für seine Arbeit und diese Verbindungen trugen in der Folge nicht nur zur Hebung seines Ansehens bei, sondern auch Österreich partizipierte davon. Wie einer seiner Biographen mit Recht meinte, strahlte Bruno Kreisky Charisma und Spontane- ität aus, war abwägend und impulsiv. Wer jemals diesem Mann persönlich begegnete und es leben heute noch viele Menschen, denen er persönlich gegenübertrat, mit ihnen diskutierte oder sie auch nur ansprach, der wird noch heute von dieser Persönlichkeit beeindruckt sein. Natürlich war auch er geprägt von Herkunft, Erziehung und allen Eigenschaften, die einen Menschen im Laufe seines Lebens prägen, aber doch war er für Generationen „der Kreisky“, der an den Staatsvertragsverhandlungen ebenso formend mitwirkte, wie dann als Außenminister in der Südtirolfrage um letzten Endes 13 Jahre als Bundeskanzler zu wirken. Das Österreichische Staatsarchiv nimmt den 100. Geburtstag dieses Staatsmannes zum Anlass in einer umfassenden Foto- und Aktenausstellung nicht nur nostalgische Erinnerungen zu wecken, sondern vor allem der heutigen Jugend mit dem von Kreisky überlieferten Bonmot „Lernen Sie Geschichte...“ mehr als ein Zeitalter nahezubringen. -
Postwar Austria and the Jewish Refugees. the Role of the Exile Studies in Coming to Terms with the Past
Demokratiezentrum Wien Onlinequelle: www.demokratiezentrum.org source: Unpublished manuscript, Vienna/Lubbock, TX 2004. Sonja Niederacher Postwar Austria and the Jewish Refugees. The Role of the Exile Studies in coming to Terms with the Past In this paper I am going to give an outline of the development of Austrian politics and society. I am focusing on how Austria has dealt with its National Socialist past from the postwar era until today and I am comparing this to the history of Exile Studies. Exile Studies is the discipline that explores the forced emigration of people, mostly Jews, who were persecuted by the Nazis. Unlike Germany where Nazi oppression rose gradually from 1933 onwards, the ‘Anschluss’ Austria’s to the German Reich in March 1938 came all of a sudden over the Jewish community. Approximately 120,000 out of 180,000 people were lucky enough to be able to escape the Nazi persecution in Vienna. The persecution was so brutal that Vienna gathered the status of a Model-city within the German Reich.1 And it affected not only Jews but also political activists, Communists and Social Democrats as well as members and supporters of the Dollfuss and Schuschnigg governments. Some were both, Jewish and political opponents, which put them into even greater danger.2 Most of them fled first to other European countries, to Great Britain, France or the Scandinavia. As the Germans succeeded to occupy big parts of Europe, the refugees had to get overseas, above all to the United States, Latin America, and Palestine. In most countries of Exile, intellectuals, artists and politicians among the refugees built up organizations in order to support their compatriots and also to set a political signal of opposition against Nazi-oppression. -
Curriculum Vitae of Mr. Franz KARASEK
COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONSEIL DE L'EUROPE COMMITTEE OF MINISTERS Strasbourg, 17 January 1984 Restricted CM(83)181 CMD001964 Addendum ELECTION OF THE SECRETARY GENERAL Letter from the Permanent Representative of Austria Addendum: Curriculum Vitae of Mr. Franz KARASEK 83.235 02.2 CM(83)181 - 2 - Addendum CURRICULUM VITAE of Mr. Franz KARASEK Born on 22 April 1924 in Vienna; married to Gertrud (n§e Hnolik); 2 children Languages: French, English, Russian Law studies at the University of Vienna (Doctor of Law); International law studies in Paris 1950 Appointment to the Ministry for Foreign Affairs 1952-53 Secretary to Federal Chancellor Leopold Figl 1953-56 Secretary to Federal Chancellor Julius Raab 1956-60 Counsellor at the Austrian Embassy in Paris 1960-64 Counsellor at the Austrian Embassy in Moscow 1964-66 Head of the Private Office of Federal Chancellor Josef Klaus 12OO-/U Director General £01. Fuifeigii Cultural Relations at tuc Federal Ministry of Education 1970-79 Member of Parliament 1970 Member of the Steering Committee of the House of Europe, Vienna 1972 Joint editor of the quarterly journal of economic affairs and contemporary history "Europaische Rundschau", Vienna International duties 1970-72 : Substitute member of the Austrian delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 1972-79 : Member of the Austrian delegation 1973-74 : Vice-President of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe 1974-76 : General Rapporteur of the Political Affairs Committee of the Parliamentary Assembly 1974-79 : Chairman of the Committee on Culture and Education of the Parliamentary Assembly 1970-79 : Member of the Austrian delegation to the United Nations General Assembly 1972-79 : Member of the Austrian delegation to the Inter-Parliamentary Union (1976-79, Chairman of the Committee on Legal, Parliamentary and Human Rights Questions) 1979 : 8 May - was elected Secretary General of the Council of Europe Took up duties on 1 October 1982 : 16 October - was awarded the Robert Schuman Gold Medal. -
Ford, Austrian Chancellor Bruno Kreisky
File scanned from the National Security Adviser's Memoranda of Conversation Collection at the Gerald R. Ford Presidential Library MEMORANDUM THE WHITE HOUSE WASHINGTON 8iB6RE'F MEMORANDUM OF CONVERSATION PARTICIPANTS: His Excellency Dr. Bruno Kreisky, Federal Chancellor of the Republic of Austria Hannes Androsch, Minister of Finance President Gerald Ford Dr. Henry A. Kissinger, Secretary of State and Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs Lt. General Brent Scowcroft, Deputy Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs DATE &: TIME: Tuesday - Novetnber 12, 1974 11:15 - 12:15 p.tn. PLACE: The Oval Office The White House [The press was adtnitted briefly. There was light conversation about Dr. Kissinger's International Setninar at Harvard. The press was distnissed. ] Kissinger: I lectured at the Diplotnatic Acadetny in Vienna when the . Chancellor was there. It is hard there; they put whipped creatn into everything. President: I want to welcotne you again. Mrs. Ford and I spent a week in Austria in 1956. We went to Andau and we stayed at the old hotel in Vienna. We went to the opera. Kreisky: I tnet President Nixon when he was Vice President in 1956. 200,000 people were there. It was one year after the State Treaty and there was a threat of reoccupation. President: I was there in the Fall of 1956. We were tnaking tnilitary hardware available but had to do it quietly because of the Treaty. W went skiing in the Alps. f*3 G R;g.:;r .. • c S E eRE + - XGDS (3) CLASSIFIED BY; HENny A. KISSINGER • - 2 - Kreisky: You still ski.