DOCSLIB.ORG

Estimating Ecosystem Metabolism to Entire River Networks

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Estimating Ecosystem Metabolism to Entire River Networks Ecosystems https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0311-8 Ó 2018 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature Estimating Ecosystem Metabolism to Entire River Networks Tamara Rodrı´guez-Castillo,* Edurne Este´vez, Alexia Marı´a Gonza´lez-Ferreras, and Jose´ Barquı´n Environmental Hydraulics Institute, Universidad de Cantabria, Avda. Isabel Torres, 15, Parque Cientı´fico y Tecnolo´ gico de Cantabria, 39011 Santander, Spain ABSTRACT River ecosystem metabolism (REM) is a promising discharges and to different human activities (de- cost-effective measure of ecosystem functioning, as forestation or sewage outflows) that disrupt this it integrates many different ecosystem processes pattern. GPP was better explained by a combina- and is affected by both rapid (primary productivity) tion of ecosystem size, nitrate concentration and and slow (organic matter decomposition) energy amount of benthic chlorophyll a, whereas ER was channels of the riverine food web. We estimated better explained by spatial patterns of GPP plus REM in 41 river reaches in Deva-Cares catchment minimum water temperatures. The presented (northern Spain) during the summer period. We methodological approach improves REM predic- used oxygen mass-balance techniques in which tions for river networks compared to currently used primary production and ecosystem respiration were methods and provides a good framework to orien- calculated from oxygen concentration daily curves. tate spatial measures for river functioning restora- Then, we used recently developed spatial statistical tion and for global change mitigation. To reduce methods for river networks based on covariance uncertainty and model errors, a higher density of structures to model REM to all river reaches within sampling points should be used and especially in the river network. From the observed data and the the smaller tributaries. modeled values, we show how REM spatial pat- terns are constrained by different river reach Key words: spatial modeling; river ecosystem characteristics along the river network. In general, metabolism; primary production; ecosystem respi- the autotrophy increases downstream, although ration; ecosystem functioning; river network; vir- there are some reaches associated to groundwater tual watershed; SSN model. INTRODUCTION Ecosystem metabolism represents a cornerstone for ecosystem ecology as it includes the total interre- lated fluxes that fix (primary production) and Received 6 July 2018; accepted 25 September 2018 Electronic supplementary material: The online version of this article mineralize (respiration) organic carbon (C) of all (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-018-0311-8) contains supplementary autotrophic and heterotrophic organisms in an material, which is available to authorized users. ecosystem (Hall 2016). Therefore, river ecosystem Author contributions: TR-C designed the study, performed the field surveys, analyzed the data, contributed new methods and wrote the metabolism (REM) that fluctuate along river net- paper. EE participated in the design of the study and field surveys, and works is a promising cost-effective measure of helped draft the paper. AMG-F participated in the field surveys and data ecosystem functioning, as it integrates many dif- analysis, and helped draft the paper. JB designed and coordinated the study, performed the field surveys and helped draft the paper. ferent ecosystem processes and is affected by both *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] T. Rodrı´guez-Castillo and others rapid (primary productivity) and slow (organic 2016a, b) and it will assist on prioritizing river matter decomposition) energy channels of the reaches for ecosystem functioning restoration riverine food web. (Palmer and Febria 2012). REM is mainly represented by two metabolic In recent years, there has been a great develop- processes, gross primary production (GPP) and ment and improvement of spatial statistical models ecosystem respiration (ER). GPP is the total C fixed (Ver Hoef and others 2006; Ver Hoef and Peterson by photosynthetic and chemosynthetic aquatic 2010; Isaak and others 2014; O’Donnell and others organisms, and ER is the organic C mineralization 2014). Spatial statistical models resemble tradi- by all autotrophic and heterotrophic aquatic tional linear models, but allow spatial autocorrela- organisms. The balance of these two processes, tion in the random errors (Peterson and Ver Hoef considering ER as a negative flux, is net daily me- 2010). Local deviations from the mean are modeled tabolism (NDM). NDM is positive when the using the covariance between neighboring sites, ecosystem is accumulating or exporting organic C which represents the strength of spatial autocor- and negative when it is importing organic C (Lovett relation between two sites given their separation and others 2006). Most studies estimating REM distance (that is, Euclidean distance). These type of have dealt with river reach scales focusing on an- models have been frequently applied to terrestrial nual estimates (for example, Uehlinger 2006; ecosystems, but in river ecosystems river reaches Dodds and others 2013) or changes along distur- are hierarchically structured in a network, with bance gradients (for example, Collier and others nested catchments and river reaches connected by 2013; Aristi and others 2014; Rodrı´guez-Castillo flow (Campbell Grant and others 2007). and others 2017). However, no studies have at- Thus, Euclidean distances might be insufficient tempted to upscale REM estimates from different to characterize the spatial dependency of river and separated river reaches to a whole continuous reaches, being necessary to include covariance river network, with the exception of Saunders and matrices based on hydrologic distances (that is, others (2018), who only estimated GPP for a river distance along the river network between two network using a multiple linear regression model. locations). This takes into account the flow-con- Achieving this will allow improving our knowledge nected and flow-unconnected relationships, about the spatial complexity of biogeochemical depending on whether or not two points in a river patterns and processes in freshwater ecosystems network share flow (Peterson and Ver Hoef 2010; (McGuire and others 2014). Ver Hoef and Peterson 2010). The use of spatial In addition, producing estimates of REM to entire stream network (SSN) models based on both Eu- river networks will be very important from both a clidean (2D scale) and hydrologic (stream network theoretical and an applied point of view. Theoret- scale) distances can represent the spatial configu- ically, REM has long been hypothesized to be het- ration, longitudinal connectivity, discharge, or flow erotrophic (ER > GPP) in headwaters, changing direction characteristics of a river network (Cressie toward autotrophy as we move downstream (mid- and others 2006; Ver Hoef and others 2006), order reaches) and reverting the pattern in large increasing accuracy and validity of statistical rivers (Vannote and others 1980). Current empiri- inferences. SSN models have been successfully ap- cal studies based on river reach estimates of REM plied to model different river ecosystem compo- demonstrate this (McTammany and others 2003; nents such as water temperature (for example, Hall and others 2016), although there are others Isaak and others 2014; Ashley Steel and others that have found different patterns (Meyer and 2016), water chemistry variables (for example, Ver Edwards 1990; Young and Huryn 1996). In this Hoef and Peterson 2010; Scown and others 2017) regard, characterizing REM spatial patterns at a and fish populations (for example, Isaak and others whole river network scale would be very valuable 2017). However, none has yet tried to model river to better understand the drivers determining spatial functioning rates, as ecosystem metabolism, using patterns of river ecosystem functioning (see Thorp this type of models. and others 2006; McCluney and others 2014). In this study, we aim to (1) explore GPP and ER Moreover, this will also allow estimating the het- spatial patterns and the main factors controlling erotrophic–autotrophic balance of a whole river these ecosystem processes at a river network scale; network integrating REM rates and areas of all the and to (2) model GPP and ER rates for all reaches of different river reaches. From an applied point of the river network, obtaining the metabolic balance view, these advances will help improving carbon for the whole river network. Our expectations are circulation models and understanding the effects of that GPP and ER will increase downstream fol- global change on river functioning (Val and others lowing the expected increase in their most likely River Network Metabolism control factors: light reaching the streambed and The ‘‘Picos de Europa’’ National Park conditions the chlorophyll a concentration in the benthic zone for catchment geomorphology, with deep and narrow GPP; and GPP, river ecosystem biomass and water valleys describing sharp curves (that is, boxed temperature for ER (Young and others 2008; Ber- meanders). Sandstones and shales predominate in not and others 2010; Beaulieu and others 2013). the upper-middle area of the Deva River. In the rest We believe that the overall river network metabolic of the catchment, limestone and karst formations balance will be heterotrophic, as the selected river dominate. The average altitude is about 1100 m. catchment has a very well developed forest that The climate is quite variable within the
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Freshwater Ecosystems and Biodiversity
    Network of Conservation Educators & Practitioners Freshwater Ecosystems and Biodiversity Author(s): Nathaniel P. Hitt, Lisa K. Bonneau, Kunjuraman V. Jayachandran, and Michael P. Marchetti Source: Lessons in Conservation, Vol. 5, pp. 5-16 Published by: Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners, Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History Stable URL: ncep.amnh.org/linc/ This article is featured in Lessons in Conservation, the official journal of the Network of Conservation Educators and Practitioners (NCEP). NCEP is a collaborative project of the American Museum of Natural History’s Center for Biodiversity and Conservation (CBC) and a number of institutions and individuals around the world. Lessons in Conservation is designed to introduce NCEP teaching and learning resources (or “modules”) to a broad audience. NCEP modules are designed for undergraduate and professional level education. These modules—and many more on a variety of conservation topics—are available for free download at our website, ncep.amnh.org. To learn more about NCEP, visit our website: ncep.amnh.org. All reproduction or distribution must provide full citation of the original work and provide a copyright notice as follows: “Copyright 2015, by the authors of the material and the Center for Biodiversity and Conservation of the American Museum of Natural History. All rights reserved.” Illustrations obtained from the American Museum of Natural History’s library: images.library.amnh.org/digital/ SYNTHESIS 5 Freshwater Ecosystems and Biodiversity Nathaniel P. Hitt1, Lisa K. Bonneau2, Kunjuraman V. Jayachandran3, and Michael P. Marchetti4 1U.S. Geological Survey, Leetown Science Center, USA, 2Metropolitan Community College-Blue River, USA, 3Kerala Agricultural University, India, 4School of Science, St.
    [Show full text]
  • BIG RIVER ECOSYSTEM: Program 2
    BIG RIVER ECOSYSTEM: A Question of Net Worth PURPOSE To explore biodiversity at the ecosystem level. KERA CONNECTIONS to Life Science Program 2 Core Content: Structure and Function in Living Systems Academic Expectations: 2.2 Patterns, 2.3 Systems, 2.4 Models & Scale ANSWERS TO Process Skills: Observation, Modeling aFIELD NOTES OBJECTIVES 1. In a hot and hostile environment, Students should be able to: the evaporated water cannot be 1.identify five “big river” organisms incorporated into living cells (as 2.construct a diagram showing interactions between living and we know them). nonliving parts of an ecosystem 2. An extremely cold environment, 3. discuss factors that affect the level of biodiversity in their river basin. or frozen desert, does not allow cells to utilize water. VOCABULARY 3. Answers will vary but should Teachers may wish to discuss the following terms: display logical flow of water and aquatic, commercial, ecosystem, water cycle and watershed. allow for recirculation in a loop. 4. Arteries and veins. aFIELD NOTEBOOK 5. A pumping heart. Ideas for Teachers 6. Diagram A shows many different A. Develop a concept map for the water cycle. Include these items in types of ecosystems in close the concept map: clouds, groundwater, apple tree, stream, precipita- proximity. tion, condensation, evaporation, harvest mouse, snowflakes, sun and 7. Add a watering hole, plant a humans. What other cycles are needed to maintain an ecosystem? miniature forest, create a B. Biospheres, containing algae, brine shrimp and water, are often meadow of wildflowers. Most shown in advertisements. Analyze how the biosphere is self-main- importantly, break up a monocul- taining.
    [Show full text]
  • Effects of Eutrophication on Stream Ecosystems
    EFFECTS OF EUTROPHICATION ON STREAM ECOSYSTEMS Lei Zheng, PhD and Michael J. Paul, PhD Tetra Tech, Inc. Abstract This paper describes the effects of nutrient enrichment on the structure and function of stream ecosystems. It starts with the currently well documented direct effects of nutrient enrichment on algal biomass and the resulting impacts on stream chemistry. The paper continues with an explanation of the less well documented indirect ecological effects of nutrient enrichment on stream structure and function, including effects of excess growth on physical habitat, and alterations to aquatic life community structure from the microbial assemblage to fish and mammals. The paper also dicusses effects on the ecosystem level including changes to productivity, respiration, decomposition, carbon and other geochemical cycles. The paper ends by discussing the significance of these direct and indirect effects of nutrient enrichment on designated uses - especially recreational, aquatic life, and drinking water. 2 1. Introduction 1.1 Stream processes Streams are all flowing natural waters, regardless of size. To understand the processes that influence the pattern and character of streams and reduce natural variation of different streams, several stream classification systems (including ecoregional, fluvial geomorphological, and stream order classification) have been adopted by state and national programs. Ecoregional classification is based on geology, soils, geomorphology, dominant land uses, and natural vegetation (Omernik 1987). Fluvial geomorphological classification explains stream and slope processes through the application of physical principles. Rosgen (1994) classified stream channels in the United States into seven major stream types based on morphological characteristics, including entrenchment, gradient, width/depth ratio, and sinuosity in various land forms.
    [Show full text]
  • Bacterial Production and Respiration
    Organic matter production % 0 Dissolved Particulate 5 > Organic Organic Matter Matter Heterotrophic Bacterial Grazing Growth ~1-10% of net organic DOM does not matter What happens to the 90-99% of sink, but can be production is physically exported to organic matter production that does deep sea not get exported as particles? transported Export •Labile DOC turnover over time scales of hours to days. •Semi-labile DOC turnover on time scales of weeks to months. •Refractory DOC cycles over on time scales ranging from decadal to multi- decadal…perhaps longer •So what consumes labile and semi-labile DOC? How much carbon passes through the microbial loop? Phytoplankton Heterotrophic bacteria ?? Dissolved organic Herbivores ?? matter Higher trophic levels Protozoa (zooplankton, fish, etc.) ?? • Very difficult to directly measure the flux of carbon from primary producers into the microbial loop. – The microbial loop is mostly run on labile (recently produced organic matter) - - very low concentrations (nM) turning over rapidly against a high background pool (µM). – Unclear exactly which types of organic compounds support bacterial growth. Bacterial Production •Step 1: Determine how much carbon is consumed by bacteria for production of new biomass. •Bacterial production (BP) is the rate that bacterial biomass is created. It represents the amount of Heterotrophic material that is transformed from a nonliving pool bacteria (DOC) to a living pool (bacterial biomass). •Mathematically P = µB ?? µ = specific growth rate (time-1) B = bacterial biomass (mg C L-1) P= bacterial production (mg C L-1 d-1) Dissolved organic •Note that µ = P/B matter •Thus, P has units of mg C L-1 d-1 Bacterial production provides one measurement of carbon flow into the microbial loop How doe we measure bacterial production? Production (∆ biomass/time) (mg C L-1 d-1) • 3H-thymidine • 3H or 14C-leucine Note: these are NOT direct measures of biomass production (i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem Services Generated by Fish Populations
    AR-211 Ecological Economics 29 (1999) 253 –268 ANALYSIS Ecosystem services generated by fish populations Cecilia M. Holmlund *, Monica Hammer Natural Resources Management, Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, S-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden Abstract In this paper, we review the role of fish populations in generating ecosystem services based on documented ecological functions and human demands of fish. The ongoing overexploitation of global fish resources concerns our societies, not only in terms of decreasing fish populations important for consumption and recreational activities. Rather, a number of ecosystem services generated by fish populations are also at risk, with consequences for biodiversity, ecosystem functioning, and ultimately human welfare. Examples are provided from marine and freshwater ecosystems, in various parts of the world, and include all life-stages of fish. Ecosystem services are here defined as fundamental services for maintaining ecosystem functioning and resilience, or demand-derived services based on human values. To secure the generation of ecosystem services from fish populations, management approaches need to address the fact that fish are embedded in ecosystems and that substitutions for declining populations and habitat losses, such as fish stocking and nature reserves, rarely replace losses of all services. © 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ecosystem services; Fish populations; Fisheries management; Biodiversity 1. Introduction 15 000 are marine and nearly 10 000 are freshwa­ ter (Nelson, 1994). Global capture fisheries har­ Fish constitute one of the major protein sources vested 101 million tonnes of fish including 27 for humans around the world. There are to date million tonnes of bycatch in 1995, and 11 million some 25 000 different known fish species of which tonnes were produced in aquaculture the same year (FAO, 1997).
    [Show full text]
  • Microbial Loop' in Stratified Systems
    MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 59: 1-17, 1990 Published January 11 Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1 A steady-state analysis of the 'microbial loop' in stratified systems Arnold H. Taylor, Ian Joint Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Prospect Place, West Hoe, Plymouth PLl 3DH, United Kingdom ABSTRACT. Steady state solutions are presented for a simple model of the surface mixed layer, which contains the components of the 'microbial loop', namely phytoplankton, picophytoplankton, bacterio- plankton, microzooplankton, dissolved organic carbon, detritus, nitrate and ammonia. This system is assumed to be in equilibrium with the larger grazers present at any time, which are represented as an external mortality function. The model also allows for dissolved organic nitrogen consumption by bacteria, and self-grazing and mixotrophy of the microzooplankton. The model steady states are always stable. The solution shows a number of general properties; for example, biomass of each individual component depends only on total nitrogen concentration below the mixed layer, not whether the nitrogen is in the form of nitrate or ammonia. Standing stocks and production rates from the model are compared with summer observations from the Celtic Sea and Porcupine Sea Bight. The agreement is good and suggests that the system is often not far from equilibrium. A sensitivity analysis of the model is included. The effect of varying the mixing across the pycnocline is investigated; more intense mixing results in the large phytoplankton population increasing at the expense of picophytoplankton, micro- zooplankton and DOC. The change from phytoplankton to picophytoplankton dominance at low mixing occurs even though the same physiological parameters are used for both size fractions.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplement A: Assumptions and Equations in Ecopath with Ecosim Governing Equations
    Transactions of the American Fisheries Society 145:136–162, 2016 © American Fisheries Society 2016 DOI: 10.1080/00028487.2015.1069211 Supplement A: Assumptions and Equations in Ecopath with Ecosim Governing Equations The Ecopath module of EwE is a static, mass-balance ecosystem model that uses two governing equations for each species and age group (Christensen and Walters 2004). The first governing equation describes each species group’s production for a time period, i.e., production (P) is the sum of fishery catch (F), predation (M2), net migration (immigration, I, and emigration, E), biomass accumulation (BA), and mortality from other sources (‘other mortality’, M0): P = F + M2 + (I - E) + BA - M0 The second governing equation is based on the principle of conservation of matter within a group, and is designed to balance the energy flows of a biomass pool, i.e., consumption (C) equals the sum of production (P), respiration (R), and unassimilated food (U): C = P + R + U At a minimum, Ecopath requires inputs of diet composition (DCi,j, where i is predator and j is prey), fishery catch (Yi), and three of the following four parameters for each model group (i): biomass (Bi), production-to-biomass ratio (Pi/Bi), consumption-to-biomass ratio (Qi/Bi), and the ecotrophic efficiency (EEi, the fraction of the production that is used in the system and does not move directly to the detritus pool). Mass-balance principles are then used to estimate the fourth parameter. P/B is the annual production rate of the population in Ecopath. Under equilibrium conditions, the P/B ratio of fish is equivalent to its total annual instantaneous mortality (Z) (Allen 1971).
    [Show full text]
  • Linking Biological Toxicity and the Spectral Characteristics Of
    Chen et al. Environ Sci Eur (2019) 31:84 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-019-0269-y RESEARCH Open Access Linking biological toxicity and the spectral characteristics of contamination in seriously polluted urban rivers Zhongli Chen1, Zihan Zhu1, Jiyu Song1, Ruiyan Liao1, Yufan Wang1, Xi Luo1, Dongya Nie1, Yumeng Lei1, Ying Shao1* and Wei Yang2,3 Abstract Background: Urban river pollution risks to environments and human health are emerging as a serious concern worldwide. With the aim to achieve the health of urban river ecosystem, numerous monitoring programs have been implemented to investigate the spectral characteristics of contamination. While due to the complexity of aquatic pollutants, the linkages between harmful efects and the spectral characteristics of contamination are still a major challenge for capturing main threats to urban aquatic environments. To establish these linkages, surface water (SW), sediment pore water (SDPW), and riparian soil pore water (SPW) were collected from fve sites of the seriously pol- luted Qingshui Stream, China. The water-dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphate (TP), fuorescence excitation–emission matrix, and specifc ultraviolet absorbance were applied to analyze the spectral characteristics of urban river contamination. The Photobacterium phosphorem 502 was used to test the acute toxicity of the samples. Finally, the correlations between acute toxicity and concentrations of DOC, TN, TP, and the spectral characteristics were explored. Results: The concentrations of DOC, TN, and TP in various samples amounted from 11.41 2.31 to 3844.67 87.80 mg/L, from 1.96 0.06 to 906.23 26.01 mg/L and from 0.06 0.01 to 101.00± 8.29 mg/L, respec- tively.
    [Show full text]
  • Impact of Wildfire on Stream Nutrient Chemistry and Ecosystem Metabolism in Boreal Forest Catchments of Interior Alaska
    Impact of Wildfire on Stream Nutrient Chemistry and Ecosystem Metabolism in Boreal Forest Catchments of Interior Alaska Abstract With climatic warming, wildfire occurrence is increasing m the boreal forest of interior Alaska. Loss of catchment vegetation during fire can impact streams directly through altered solute and debris inputs and changed light and temperature regimes. Over longer time scales, fire can accelerate permafrost degradation, altering catchment hydrology and stream nutrient dynamics. In 2004, the 217,000 ha Boundary Fire burned 65% of an established study site in the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed. We used this opportunity to investigate the impact of wildfire on stream chemistry and metabolism in boreal forest catchments. Wildfire impacts on chemistry were evaluated by examining solute chemistry in four catchments from 2002 to 2007. Ecosystem metabolism was measured over the summer of 2005 in one burned and two unburned catchments. Wildfire led to stream nitrate concentration increasing up to threefold, whereas dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen concentrations decreased post-fire. Average stream gross primary production in the burned catchment was double that of the unburned sites (2.4 and -2 1.2 g O2 m day, respectively). Respiration rate was also elevated in the burned -2 -1 stream (6.6 g O2 m day ) compared with the control streams (l.2 and -2 -1 4.5 g O2 m day ). Climatic warming has the potential to impact boreal forest streams through permafrost thaw and increased fire frequency, leading to altered solute inputs and production and respiration rates. Introduction stream disch arge and hydrologic flowpaths through watersheds, In the boreal forest, wildfire is a widespread disturbance and thereby altering both the magnitude and timing of flows and fundamental in shaping forest structure, function, and succession- solute delivery to streams (Earl and Blinn, 2003; Petrone et al., al processes (Chapin et al., 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • EVALUATING the EFFECTS of CATASTROPHIC WILDFIRE on WATER QUALITY, WHOLE-STREAM METABOLISM and FISH COMMUNITIES Justin K
    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository Biology ETDs Electronic Theses and Dissertations Spring 4-12-2018 EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF CATASTROPHIC WILDFIRE ON WATER QUALITY, WHOLE-STREAM METABOLISM AND FISH COMMUNITIES Justin K. Reale Biology Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds Part of the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Reale, Justin K.. "EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF CATASTROPHIC WILDFIRE ON WATER QUALITY, WHOLE-STREAM METABOLISM AND FISH COMMUNITIES." (2018). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/biol_etds/265 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Electronic Theses and Dissertations at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biology ETDs by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Justin K. Reale Candidate Biology Department This dissertation is approved, and it is acceptable in quality and form for publication: Approved by the Dissertation Committee: Dr. Clifford N. Dahm, Chairperson Dr. David J. Van Horn, Co-Chairperson Dr. Thomas F. Turner Dr. Ricardo González-Pinźon i EVALUATING THE EFFECTS OF CATASTROPHIC WILDFIRE ON WATER QUALITY, WHOLE-STREAM METABOLISM AND FISH COMMUNITIES BY JUSTIN KEVIN REALE B.S., University of New Mexico, 2009 M.S., University of New Mexico, 2016 DISSERTATION Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy Biology The University of New Mexico Albuquerque, New Mexico May, 2018 ii ACKNOWLEGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to my co-advisors, Drs. Dahm and Van Horn, for their mentoring, teaching and support throughout my dissertation.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Heterogeneity and Controls of Ecosystem Metabolism in a Great Plains River Network
    Spatial heterogeneity and controls of ecosystem metabolism in a Great Plains river network Walter K. Dodds, Sophie A. Higgs, Margaret J. Spangler, James Guinnip, Jeffrey D. Scott, Skyler C. Hedden, Bryan D. Frenette, et al. Hydrobiologia The International Journal of Aquatic Sciences ISSN 0018-8158 Volume 813 Number 1 Hydrobiologia (2018) 813:85-102 DOI 10.1007/s10750-018-3516-0 1 23 Your article is protected by copyright and all rights are held exclusively by Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature. This e-offprint is for personal use only and shall not be self-archived in electronic repositories. If you wish to self-archive your article, please use the accepted manuscript version for posting on your own website. You may further deposit the accepted manuscript version in any repository, provided it is only made publicly available 12 months after official publication or later and provided acknowledgement is given to the original source of publication and a link is inserted to the published article on Springer's website. The link must be accompanied by the following text: "The final publication is available at link.springer.com”. 1 23 Author's personal copy Hydrobiologia (2018) 813:85–102 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-018-3516-0 PRIMARY RESEARCH PAPER Spatial heterogeneity and controls of ecosystem metabolism in a Great Plains river network Walter K. Dodds . Sophie A. Higgs . Margaret J. Spangler . James Guinnip . Jeffrey D. Scott . Skyler C. Hedden . Bryan D. Frenette . Ryland Taylor . Anne E. Schechner . David J. Hoeinghaus . Michelle A. Evans-White Received: 17 June 2017 / Revised: 14 December 2017 / Accepted: 11 January 2018 / Published online: 20 January 2018 Ó Springer International Publishing AG, part of Springer Nature 2018 Abstract Gross primary production and ecosystem limitation, and was positively related to nutrients.
    [Show full text]
  • Key Restoration Methods of a Polluted River Ecosystem
    Key Restoration Methods of a Polluted River Chalachew Yenew* Ecosystem: A Systematic Review Environmental Health Science, Social and Population Health (SPH) Unit, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Ethiopia Abstract Background: River is one of a freshwater ecosystem that plays an important role in people's living, aquatic and terrestrial living organisms, and agricultural production. Compared to other ecosystems, rivers support a disproportionately large number of *Corresponding author: plant and animal species. However, excessive human activities have busted the original Chalachew Yenew ecological balance by polluting the river ecosystem. As a result, partial or total affected the structure and functions of the river ecosystem. This review aimed to investigate the major ecological restoration methods of the polluted river ecosystem. [email protected] Methods: We have adopted the procedures from the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The required data were Environmental Health Science, Social and collected via a literature search of MEDLINE/PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Population Health (SPH) Unit, College of EMBASE, HINARI, and Cochrane Library from the 9th of September, 2019 to the 5th Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Tabor of March, 2020 using combined terms. Articles were included in our review; only if University, Ethiopia it assessed empirically and comparison and contrast between two or more different restoration methods. This review; it is mainly included published research articles, national reports, and annual reports and excluded opinion essays. Citation: Yenew C (2021) Key Restoration Results: Commonly used methods for restoration of polluted rivers around the Methods of a Polluted River Ecosystem: A globe could be categorized depending on the physical, chemical, and biological Systematic Review.
    [Show full text]