DOCSLIB.ORG

Table 1 2008 Community Prescription Numbers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

TABLE 1 2008 COMMUNITY PRESCRIPTION NUMBERS, TOGETHER WITH GOVERNMENT AND PATIENT COSTS FOR PBS-LISTED DRUGS Table 1 includes an estimate of community prescription numbers for the 2008 calendar year, costs (government and patient contribution) for the items with a four digit PBS/RPBS code, together with the defined daily dose (DDD) where assigned. There is no cost information available for items with a five digit Amfac drug code. Table 1 excludes the presentation of information on any item with an estimated community use of less than 110 prescriptions in 2008. The prescription items are arranged by ATC code on generic name, and by form and strength using either the PBS drug code (4 digit plus alpha) or, for non-PBS items, the Amfac drug code (5 digit). Note that in this edition, “Item type” has been added to distinguish between PBS drug code and non-PBS drug code, for instance, P refers to PBS drug code and A refers to Amfac drug code. Note that Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification index with Defined Daily Doses (DDDs) 2009 is used in all statistics published in this edition (refer to WHO collaborating Centre for Drug Statistics Methodology, ATC classification index with DDDs 2009). An index by 2nd level of the ATC classification follows: ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM PAGE NO A01 STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 41 A02 DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS 42 A03 DRUGS FOR FUNCTIONAL GASTROINTESTINAL DISORDERS 44 A04 ANTIEMETICS AND ANTINAUSEANTS 45 A05 BILE AND LIVER THERAPY 46 A06 LAXATIVES 47 A07 ANTIDIARRHOEALS, INTESTINAL ANTIINFLAMMATORY/ANTIINFECTIVES 49 A08 ANTIOBESITY PREPARATIONS, EXCLUDING DIET PRODUCTS 51 A09 DIGESTIVES, INCLUDING ENZYMES 52 37 A10 DRUGS USED IN DIABETES 53 A11 VITAMINS 56 A12 MINERAL SUPPLEMENTS 57 A14 ANABOLIC AGENTS FOR SYSTEMIC USE 58 BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS B01 ANTITHROMBOTIC AGENTS 59 B02 ANTIHAEMORRHAGICS 61 B03 ANTIANAEMIC PREPARATIONS 62 B05 BLOOD SUBSTITUTES AND PERFUSION SOLUTIONS 64 B06 OTHER HAEMATOLOGICAL AGENTS 65 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM C01 CARDIAC THERAPY 66 C02 ANTIHYPERTENSIVES 68 C03 DIURETICS 69 C04 PERIPHERAL VASODILATORS 71 C05 VASOPROTECTIVES 72 C07 BETA BLOCKING AGENTS 73 C08 CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS 74 C09 AGENTS ACTING ON THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN SYSTEM 76 C10 LIPID MODIFYING AGENTS 79 DERMATOLOGICALS D01 ANTIFUNGALS FOR DERMATOLOGICAL USE 82 D02 EMOLLIENTS AND PROTECTIVES 83 D03 PREPARATIONS FOR TREATMENT OF WOUNDS AND ULCERS 84 D04 ANTIPRURITICS, INCLUDING ANTIHISTAMINES, ANAESTHETICS ETC 85 D05 ANTIPSORIATICS 86 D06 ANTIBIOTICS AND CHEMOTHERAPEUTICS FOR DERMATOLOGICAL USE 87 D07 CORTICOSTEROIDS, DERMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 88 D08 ANTISEPTICS AND DISINFECTANTS 91 D09 MEDICATED DRESSINGS 92 D10 ANTI-ACNE PREPARATIONS 93 D11 OTHER DERMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 94 38 GENITOURINARY SYSTEM AND SEX HORMONES G01 GYNAECOLOGICAL ANTIINFECTIVES AND ANTISEPTICS 95 G02 OTHER GYNAECOLOGICALS 96 G03 SEX HORMONES AND MODULATORS OF THE GENITAL SYSTEM 97 G04 UROLOGICALS 103 SYSTEMIC HORMONAL PREpaRATIONS, EXCLUDING SEX HORMONES H01 PITUITARY AND HYPOTHALAMIC HORMONES AND ANALOGUES 105 H02 CORTICOSTEROIDS FOR SYSTEMIC USE 106 H03 THYROID THERAPY 107 H04 PANCREATIC HORMONES 108 H05 CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS 109 GENERAL ANTIINFECTIVES FOR SYSTEMIC USE J01 ANTIBACTERIALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE 110 J02 ANTIMYCOTICS FOR SYSTEMIC USE 118 J04 ANTIMYCOBACTERIALS 119 J05 ANTIVIRALS FOR SYSTEMIC USE 120 J07 VACCINES 122 ANTINEOPLASTIC AND IMMUNO-MODULATING AGENTS L01 ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS 125 L02 ENDOCRINE THERAPY 132 L03 IMMUNOSTIMULANTS 134 L04 IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS 135 MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM M01 ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-RHEUMATIC PRODUCTS 138 M02 TOPICAL PRODUCTS FOR JOINT AND MUSCULAR PAIN 141 M03 MUSCLE RELAXANTS 142 M04 ANTI-GOUT PREPARATIONS 143 M05 DRUGS FOR TREATMENT OF BONE DISEASES 144 NERVOUS SYSTEM N01 ANAESTHETICS 145 N02 ANALGESICS 146 N03 ANTI-EPILEPTICS 152 39 N04 ANTI-PARKINSON DRUGS 155 N05 PSYCHOLEPTICS 157 N06 PSYCHOANALEPTICS 163 N07 OTHER NERVOUS SYSTEM DRUGS 167 ANTI-paRASITIC PRODUCTS, INSECTICIDES AND REPELLENTS P01 ANTI-PROTOZOALS 169 P02 ANTHELMINTICS 170 P03 ECTOPARASITICIDES, INCLUDING SCABICIDES, INSECTICIDES AND REPELLENTS 171 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM R01 NASAL PREPARATIONS 172 R03 DRUGS FOR OBSTRUCTIVE AIRWAY DISEASES 175 R05 COUGH AND COLD PREPARATIONS 178 R06 ANTI-HISTAMINES FOR SYSTEMIC USE 180 SENSORY ORGANS S01 OPHTHALMOLOGICALS 184 S02 OTOLOGICALS 190 S03 OPHTHALMOLOGICAL AND OTOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS 191 VaRIOUS V01 ALLERGENS 192 V03 ALL OTHER THERAPEUTIC PRODUCTS 193 40 A 2008 ATC ITEM TYPE CODe FORM AND STRENGTH DDD UNITS SCRIPTS Cost($) ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS STOMATOLOGICAL PREPARATIONS ANTIINFECTIVES FOR LOCAL ORAL TREATMENT A01AB04 AMPHOTERICIN P 2931G Lozenge 10mg 40.00 MG 160,670 1,603,103 P 3306B Lozenge 10mg 40.00 MG 4,565 44,464 A01AB03 CHLORHEXIDINE P 4161B Mouth wash 2mg per mL (0.2%) 250mL 30.00 MG 2,789 34,058 A01AB09 MICONAZOLE A 13832 Oral gel 20mg per mL (2%) 20g 0.20 GM 3,039 – A 14054 Oral gel 40mg per mL (2%) 40g 0.20 GM 2,719 – A01AB11 NYSTATIN P 3033P Oral suspension 100,000 units per mL 24mL 1500.00 TE 130,789 1,338,294 P 3343Y Oral suspension 100,000 units per mL 24mL 1500.00 TE 851 8,551 CORTICOSTEROIDS FOR LOCAL ORAL TREATMENT A01AC01 TRIAMCINOLONE ACETONIDE with PECTIN A 11075 Paste 1% 5gm – – 11,508 – OTHER AGENTS FOR LOCAL ORAL TREATMENT A01AD02 BENZYDAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE P 1121B Mouth and throat rinse 22.5mg per 15mL 500mL – – 5,456 107,356 P 5385K Mouth and throat rinse 22.5mg per 15mL 500mL – – 159 3,675 A01AD11 CHOLINE SALICYLATE with CETALKONIUM CHLORIDE A 12855 Gel 10g 1 – – 1,167 – A01AD11 SALIVA SUBSTITUTE P 4568K Solution 25mL – – 474 4,431 P 4569L Solution 100mL – – 586 7,549 A01AD11 VARIOUS P 5334R Spray 10mg per mL 100mL – – 233 4,171 41 A 2008 ATC ITEM TYPE CODe FORM AND STRENGTH DDD UNITS SCRIPTS Cost($) ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS ANTACIDS ALUMINIUM COMPOUNDS A02AB01 ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE A 10038 Tablet 600mg 100 – – 1,016 – CALCIUM COMPOUNDS A02AC10 CALCIUM CARBONATE with GLYCINE P 4055K Tablet 420mg–180mg – – 279 6,251 COMBS.AND COMPLEXES OF ALUMINIUM,CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM COMPOUNDS A02AD ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE with MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE P 2157M Oral suspension 200mg–200mg per 5mL 500mL – – 81,347 1,201,459 P 2576N Tablet 200mg–200mg – – 40,918 603,239 P 4118R Oral suspension 400mg–400mg–30mg per 5mL – – 2,445 50,808 A02AD01 ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE with MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE with SIMETHICONE P 4453J Tablet 400mg–400mg–40mg 200 – – 2,075 92,338 A02AD ALUMINIUM HYDROXIDE with MAGNESIUM TRISILICATE and MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE P 2159P Oral suspension 250mg–120mg–120mg per 5mL – – 21,561 288,708 DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GORD H2-RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS A02BA01 CIMETIDINE P 1157X Tablet 200mg 0.80 GM 2,978 63,075 P 1158Y Tablet 400mg 0.80 GM 25,453 544,231 P 1159B Tablet 800mg 0.80 GM 1,962 44,126 A02BA03 FAMOTIDINE P 2487X Tablet 20mg 40.00 MG 60,815 1,124,102 P 2488Y Tablet 40mg 40.00 MG 66,925 1,323,647 A02BA04 NIZATIDINE P 1504E Capsules 300mg 30 0.30 GM 48,517 1,043,319 P 1505F Capsules 150mg 30 0.30 GM 75,599 1,563,916 A02BA02 RANITIDINE HYDROCHLORIDE P 1937Y Effervescent tablet 150mg (base) 0.30 GM 46,190 872,540 P 1977C Tablet 300mg (base) 0.30 GM 264,945 5,171,919 P 1978D Tablet 150mg (base) 0.30 GM 711,934 13,452,288 P 8162N Syrup 150mg (base) per 10mL 300mL 0.30 GM 26,026 494,155 P 8903N Effervescent tablet 150mg (base) 0.30 GM 1,585 37,754 P 8905Q Syrup 150mg (base) per 10mL 300mL 0.30 GM 564 12,940 42 A 2008 ATC ITEM TYPE CODe FORM AND STRENGTH DDD UNITS SCRIPTS Cost($) ALIMENTARY TRACT AND METABOLISM DRUGS FOR ACID RELATED DISORDERS DRUGS FOR PEPTIC ULCER AND GORD PROSTAGLANDINS A02BB01 MISOPROSTOL P 1648R Tablet 200ug 0.80 MG 2,269 116,531 PROTON PUMP INHIBITORS A02BC05 ESOMEPRAZOLE P 8600P Tablet 20mg (enteric coated) 30 30.00 MG 3,133,127 118,263,365 P 8601Q Tablet 40mg (enteric coated) 30 30.00 MG 2,388,665 141,196,401 P 8886Q Tablet 20mg (enteric coated) 30 30.00 MG 119,269 4,490,387 A02BC03 LANSOPRAZOLE P 2240X Capsule 30mg 30.00 MG 24,841 923,733 P 2241Y Capsule 30mg 30.00 MG 744,635 30,432,338 P 8198L Capsule 15mg 30.00 MG 20,583 492,637 P 8528W Sachet for oral suspension 30mg 30.00 MG 2,594 96,298 P 8529X Sachet for oral suspension 30mg 30.00 MG 18,213 708,550 P 8950C Sachet for oral suspension 30mg 28 30.00 MG 1,349 70,241 A02BC01 OMEPRAZOLE P 1326T Capsule 20mg 20.00 MG 20,112 564,763 P 1327W Capsule 20mg 20.00 MG 224,738 8,364,740 P 8331L Tablet 20mg (as magnesium salt) 30 20.00 MG 20,330 625,532 P 8332M Tablet 10mg (as magnesium salt) 30 20.00 MG 65,596 1,666,424 P 8333N Tablet 20mg (as magnesium salt) 30 20.00 MG 494,288 18,029,427 P 9109K Tablet 20mg (as magnesium salt) 30 20.00 MG 79,559 2,566,476 P 9110L Tablet 20mg (as magnesium salt) 30 20.00 MG 2,753,130 100,886,445 A02BC02 PANTOPRAZOLE A 20489 Tablet (enteric coated) equivalent to 20mg 14 40.00 MG 123 – P 8007K Tablet (enteric coated) equivalent to 40mg 40.00 MG 328,203 12,502,960 P 8008L Tablet (enteric coated) equivalent to 40mg 40.00 MG 2,760,152 112,997,620 P 8399C Tablet (enteric coated) equivalent to 20mg 40.00 MG 311,964 6,867,784 A02BC04 RABEPRAZOLE P 8507R Tablet 10mg 30 20.00 MG 55,354 2,106,994 P 8508T Tablet 20mg 30 20.00 MG 1,840,005 75,134,273 P 8509W Tablet 20mg 30 20.00 MG 229,213 8,609,265 COMBINATIONS FOR ERADICATION OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI A02BD06 ESOMEPRAZOLE AMOXICILAN and CLARITHROMYCIN P 8738X Pack 14 tabs(ent coated)equiv 20mg esomeprazole – – 70,196 6,283,456 A02BD05 OMEPRAZOLE and CLARITHROMYCIN and AMOXYCILLIN P 8272J Pack 14 caps 20mg,14 tabs 500mg,28 caps
Recommended publications
  • Cosmeceutical Products List

    Cosmeceutical Products List

    PROVEDA HERBALS Manufacturer of: - Soaps, Shampoos, Creams, Lotions, Gels, Hair Oil etc. Unit: - Plot no. 42, 43 Sector 2, Sidcul, IIE, BHEL, Ranipur, Haridwar, Uttrakhand, India Corporate office : A 42,Ashoka Crescent Road, DLF Phase 1, Gurugram, Haryana-122002 Website : www.provedaherbal.com, www.tbcbynature.in LIST OF COSMECEUTICALS PRODUCTS FACE WASH S.NO. PRODUCT NAME ACTIVE INGREDIENTS SKIN REJUVENATING & GLYCOLIC ACID, LACTIC ACID, VITAMIN-E, D-PANTHENOL (VITAMIN-B5), ALOEVERA 1 LIGHTENING FACE WASH WITH EXTRACT, GLYCERIN MILLIGLOBULES ANTI ACNE FACE WASH TEA TREE OIL, SALICYLIC ACID, ALOEVERA EXTRACT, VITAMIN-E, D-PANTHENOL, 2 WITH MILLIGLOBULES GLYCERIN & EXCIPIENTS NEEM ANTI-BACTERIAL FACE 3 NEEM OIL, ALOEVERA EXTRACT, TEA TREE OIL, AMLA EXTRACT WASH WITH MILLIGLOBULES ALOEVERA FACE WASH WITH 4 ALOEVERA EXTRACT, CUCUMBER EXTRACT, VITAMIN- E, D- PANTHENOL, ALLANTOIN CUCUMBER ALOEVERA FACE WASH WITH 5 ALOEVERA EXTRACT, WHEAT GERM EXTRACT, D-PANTHENOL, GLYCERIN MILLIGLOBULES SKIN LIGHTENING FACE WASH ARBUTIN, VITAMIN-B3 & E, GLYCOLIC ACID, LICORICE EXTRACT, AMLA EXTRACT, 6 WITH MILLIGLOBULES GLYCERIN, D-PANTHENOL 7 PAPAYA FACE WASH ALOEVERA EXTRACT, PAPAIN ENZYME, GLYCERIN, , D-PANTHENOL, VITAMIN-E 8 SALICYLIC ACID FACE WASH SALICYLIC ACID, TEA TREE OIL, ALOE VERA EXTRACT SHAMPOO ALOEVERA & VITAMIN-E ALOEVERA EXTRACT, VITAMIN-E, D-PANTHENOL, POLYQUATERNIUM-10, LEMON PEEL 1 SHAMPOO EXTRACT 2 MULTIVITAMIN SHAMPOO ALOEVERA, VITAMIN-E, D-PANTHENOL, POLYQUATERNIUM-10, LEMON PEEL EXTRACT PROTEIN & VITAMIN SHAMPOO SUN FLOWER SEED OIL,
  • United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,648,064 Gaffar Et Al

    United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,648,064 Gaffar Et Al

    US005648064A United States Patent 19 11 Patent Number: 5,648,064 Gaffar et al. 45 Date of Patent: Jul. 15, 1997 (54) ORAL COMPOSITIONS HAVING 5,279,816 1/1994 Church et al. ............................ 424/53 ACCELERATED TOOTH WHTENING 5,302,374 4/1994 Wagner ..................................... 424/52 EFFECT 5,302,375 4/1994 Viscio ....................................... 424/53 5,356,554 10/1994 Delwel et al. ........................... 252/94 I76) Inventors: Abdul Gaffar, 89 Carter Rd., Princeton, 5,536,441 7/1996 Chapple et al. ................... 252A186.33 N.J. 08902; Sahar Fakhry-Smith. 7 FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS Ryans Ct. Bordentown, N.J. 08505 0237111 9/1987 European Pat. Off. ......... C11D 3/39 (21) Appl. No.: 499,532 Primary Examiner-Shep K. Rose Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Paul Shapiro (22 Filed: Jul. 7, 1995 57 ABSTRACT (51] Int. Cl. .................. A61K 7/16; A61K7/20 52 U.S. Cl. ............................................... 424/53; 424/49 A two component whitening dentifrice composition is dis 58) Field of Search ................................... 424/53. 49-58 closed which comprises a first component containing a peroxygen compound such as hydrogen peroxide and a (56) References Cited second dentifrice component containing a manganese coor dination complex compound such as manganese gluconate, U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS which activates the peroxygen compound and accelerates 4,728,455 3/1988 Rerek ........................................ 25299 the release of active oxygen for rapid whitening action, the 4,759,956 7/1988 Amer et al. ... 427/213 first and second components being maintained separate from 5,032,178 7/1991 Cornell ..................................... 106/35 the other until dispensed for application to teeth. 5, 194416 3/1993 Jureller et al.
  • The Impact of a Changed Legislation on Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions in Sweden, with Focus on Nurses Reporting

    The Impact of a Changed Legislation on Reporting of Adverse Drug Reactions in Sweden, with Focus on Nurses Reporting

    The impact of a changed legislation on reporting of adverse drug reactions in Sweden, with focus on nurses reporting Sofia A. Karlsson, Ingela Jacobsson, Marit Danell Boman, Katja M. Hakkarainen, Henrik Lövborg, Staffan Hägg and Anna K Jönsson Linköping University Post Print N.B.: When citing this work, cite the original article. The original publication is available at www.springerlink.com: Sofia A. Karlsson, Ingela Jacobsson, Marit Danell Boman, Katja M. Hakkarainen, Henrik Lövborg, Staffan Hägg and Anna K Jönsson, The impact of a changed legislation on reporting of adverse drug reactions in Sweden, with focus on nurses reporting, 2015, European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, (71), 5, 631-636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00228-015-1839-6 Copyright: Springer Verlag (Germany) http://www.springerlink.com/?MUD=MP Postprint available at: Linköping University Electronic Press http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118037 The impact of a changed legislation on reporting of adverse drug reactions in Sweden, with focus on nurses’ reporting Sofia A Karlsson1, Ingela Jacobsson2, Marit Danell Boman3, Katja M Hakkarainen4,5, Henrik Lövborg2, Staffan Hägg2,5, Anna K Jönsson2 Affiliations: 1. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, the Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden 2. Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden 3. Division of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of Umeå, Umeå, Sweden 4. Nordic School of
  • Initial Proposed Smpc Plus Proposed Revisions

    Initial Proposed Smpc Plus Proposed Revisions

    1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT Leticia 28 150 micrograms/30 microgram film-coated tablet 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION 21 white or almost white film-coated tablets: Each film-coated tablet contains 150 micrograms desogestrel 30 micrograms ethinylestradiol. Excipient with known effect: 64.3 mg lactose (as lactose monohydrate). 7 green placebo (inactive) film-coated tablets: The tablet does not contain active substances. Excipients with known effect: 37.26 mg lactose anhydrous and 0.003 mg sunset yellow. For the full list of excipients, see section 6.1. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Film-coated tablet. The active tablet is white, or almost white, round shaped, biconvex film-coated tablets of 6 mm diameter, with P8 sign on one side and RG sign on other side. The placebo tablet is green, round, biconvex film-coated tablet, diameter about 6 mm, without engraving. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications Oral contraception The decision to prescribe Leticia 28 should take into consideration the individual woman’s current risk factors, particularly those for venous thromboembolism (VTE), and how the risk of VTE with Leticia 28 compares with other combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) (see sections 4.3 and 4.4). 4.2 Posology and method of administration Posology How to take Leticia 28 The tablets must be taken in the order directed on the package every day at about the same time of the day. Tablet taking is continuous. One tablet is taken daily for 28 consecutive days. Each subsequent pack is started after the last tablet of the previous pack. During the intake of the 7 placebo tablets bleeding usually occurs.
  • Assessing the Availability, Service Quality, and Price of Essential Medicines In

    Assessing the Availability, Service Quality, and Price of Essential Medicines In

    Assessing the Availability, Service Quality, and Price of Essential Medicines in Private Pharmacies in Afghanistan Norio Kasahara A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2015 Reading Committee: Louis P. Garrison, Jr., Chair Joseph B. Babigumira Andy Stergachis Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Pharmaceutical Outcomes Research and Policy ©Copyright 2015 Norio Kasahara ii Table of Contents Abstract ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ................................................................................................ .................................................................................. ............... vvv Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................................................................... ................................................................................................ ................................................................................. ............ viiviivii Summary ................................................................................................................................................................................... ...............................................................................................
  • Reseptregisteret 2013–2017 the Norwegian Prescription Database

    Reseptregisteret 2013–2017 the Norwegian Prescription Database

    LEGEMIDDELSTATISTIKK 2018:2 Reseptregisteret 2013–2017 Tema: Legemidler og eldre The Norwegian Prescription Database 2013–2017 Topic: Drug use in the elderly Reseptregisteret 2013–2017 Tema: Legemidler og eldre The Norwegian Prescription Database 2013–2017 Topic: Drug use in the elderly Christian Berg Hege Salvesen Blix Olaug Fenne Kari Furu Vidar Hjellvik Kari Jansdotter Husabø Irene Litleskare Marit Rønning Solveig Sakshaug Randi Selmer Anne-Johanne Søgaard Sissel Torheim Utgitt av Folkehelseinstituttet/Published by Norwegian Institute of Public Health Område for Helsedata og digitalisering Avdeling for Legemiddelstatistikk Juni 2018 Tittel/Title: Legemiddelstatistikk 2018:2 Reseptregisteret 2013–2017 / The Norwegian Prescription Database 2013–2017 Forfattere/Authors: Christian Berg, redaktør/editor Hege Salvesen Blix Olaug Fenne Kari Furu Vidar Hjellvik Kari Jansdotter Husabø Irene Litleskare Marit Rønning Solveig Sakshaug Randi Selmer Anne-Johanne Søgaard Sissel Torheim Acknowledgement: Julie D. W. Johansen (English text) Bestilling/Order: Rapporten kan lastes ned som pdf på Folkehelseinstituttets nettsider: www.fhi.no The report can be downloaded from www.fhi.no Grafisk design omslag: Fete Typer Ombrekking: Houston911 Kontaktinformasjon/Contact information: Folkehelseinstituttet/Norwegian Institute of Public Health Postboks 222 Skøyen N-0213 Oslo Tel: +47 21 07 70 00 ISSN: 1890-9647 ISBN: 978-82-8082-926-9 Sitering/Citation: Berg, C (red), Reseptregisteret 2013–2017 [The Norwegian Prescription Database 2013–2017] Legemiddelstatistikk 2018:2, Oslo, Norge: Folkehelseinstituttet, 2018. Tidligere utgaver / Previous editions: 2008: Reseptregisteret 2004–2007 / The Norwegian Prescription Database 2004–2007 2009: Legemiddelstatistikk 2009:2: Reseptregisteret 2004–2008 / The Norwegian Prescription Database 2004–2008 2010: Legemiddelstatistikk 2010:2: Reseptregisteret 2005–2009. Tema: Vanedannende legemidler / The Norwegian Prescription Database 2005–2009.
  • Surface Morphology Alterations in Bovine Dentin Exposed to Different Bleaching Agents

    Surface Morphology Alterations in Bovine Dentin Exposed to Different Bleaching Agents

    Braz J Oral Sci. Original Article January/March 2009 - Volume 8, Number 1 Surface morphology alterations in bovine dentin exposed to different bleaching agents Juliana Nascimento Santos1, Daniel Pinto de Oliveira1, Fábio Roberto Dametto1, Brenda Paula Figueiredo de Almeida Gomes2, Alexandre Augusto Zaia2, José Flávio Affonso de Almeida2, Caio Cezar Randi Ferraz2 1 DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Piracicaba (SP), Brazil 2 DDS, MSc, PhD, Professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba, Unicamp, Piracicaba (SP), Brazil Abstract Aim: This study evaluated the morphological changes caused by internal bleaching agents on dentin surface. Methods: Twenty crowns of bovine incisors were cut into slabs that were randomly distributed in six experimental groups (n = 5), according to the bleaching agent used: G1 – sodium perborate + water, G2 – sodium perborate + 2% chlorhexidine gel, G3 – sodium perborate + 30% hydrogen peroxide, G4 – 30% hydrogen peroxide, G5 – 37% carbamide peroxide and G6 – gel base without carbamide. Two Control Groups were used: C1 with distilled water and C2 with 2% chlorhexidine gel. The specimens were immersed in the respective test bleaching agent and incubated at 37 °C for seven days. Following, they were prepared for scanning electron microscopy and five images from each tooth segment were recorded and analyzed for surface morphological alterations, by three previously calibrated examiners. Inter-examiner agreement was verified using the Kappa test. The rank averages obtained for the groups were subjected to Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance at 5% significance level. Results: The analysis of the scores obtained indicated that all tested materials caused some morphological alteration on dentin, except for sodium perborate + water (G1) and Control Groups 1 and 2.
  • F.8 Ethinylestradiol-Etonogestrel.Pdf

    F.8 Ethinylestradiol-Etonogestrel.Pdf

    General Items 1. Summary statement of the proposal for inclusion, change or deletion. Here within, please find the evidence to support the inclusion Ethinylestradiol/Etonogestrel Vaginal Ring in the World Health Organization’s Essential Medicines List (EML). Unintended pregnancy is regarded as a serious public health issue both in developed and developing countries and has received growing research and policy attention during last few decades (1). It is a major global concern due to its association with adverse physical, mental, social and economic outcomes. Developing countries account for approximately 99% of the global maternal deaths in 2015, with sub-Saharan Africa alone accounting for roughly 66% (2). Even though the incidence of unintended pregnancy has declined globally in the past decade, the rate of unintended pregnancy remains high, particularly in developing regions. (3) Regarding the use of contraceptive vaginal rings, updated bibliography (4,5,6) states that contraceptive vaginal rings (CVR) offer an effective contraceptive option, expanding the available choices of hormonal contraception. Ethinylestradiol/Etonogestrel Vaginal Ring is a non-biodegradable, flexible, transparent with an outer diameter of 54 mm and a cross-sectional diameter of 4 mm. It contains 11.7 mg etonogestrel and 2.7 mg ethinyl estradiol. When placed in the vagina, each ring releases on average 0.120 mg/day of etonogestrel and 0.015 mg/day of ethinyl estradiol over a three-week period of use. Ethinylestradiol/Etonogestrel Vaginal Ring is intended for women of fertile age. The safety and efficacy have been established in women aged 18 to 40 years. The main advantages of CVRs are their effectiveness (similar or slightly better than the pill), ease of use without the need of remembering a daily routine, user ability to control initiation and discontinuation, nearly constant release rate allowing for lower doses, greater bioavailability and good cycle control with the combined ring, in comparison with oral contraceptives.
  • Ammonium-Persulphate.Pdf

    Ammonium-Persulphate.Pdf

    ADVANCE An Exclusive Chemical Range CHEMICAL SALES CORPORATION CHEMICAL SUPPLIES SIMPLIFIED ABOUT US ADVANCE CHEMICAL SALES CORPORATION Advance Chemical Sales Corporation is an industrial distributor of Fine & Speciality Chemicals. It boasts of its technology-driven innovative ways in suppling products to its customers. ADVANCE CHEMICAL SALES CORPORATION (ACSC) has been a trusted supplier of chemicals since 1968. We like to work alongside customers and solve their challenges with efficiency, progressive solutions and quality products. Whether the order is for chemical commodities or speciality chemicals, no matter if the volume is large or small, we can handle it. We are committed to bring the best quality products at competitive prices from reputed manufacturers to our customers. Our goal is to make sure that our customers find their needs of chemicals in one place. We work to develop the customers' trust An Exclusive Chemical Range EXEMPLAR DELHI is in Trade and Import of ACIDS, INORGANIC CHEMICALS, METAL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, ORGANIC CHEMICALS & SOLVENTS. EXEMPLAR NOIDA produces chemicals like ACETATES, CHELATED EDTA, CITRATES, EDTA SALTS, GLUCONATES, HEDP SALTS, OXALATES, PHOSPHATES, TARTRATES, FINE & PERFORMANCE CHEMICALS INDUSTRIES SERVED AGRO CHEMICALS DAIRY PAINTS & INKS CERAMIC & GLASS DETERGENTS PESTICIDES CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES FOOD PROCESSING PHARMACEUTICALS CONSTRUCTION LUBRICANTS POULTRY FEED COSMETICS METAL TREATMENT WATER TREATMENT CHEMICAL SUPPLIES SIMPLIFIED ACETATES AGRO CHEMICALS Ammonium acetate Amino acid (Protein hydrolysate) Calcium acetate Boron-20 Potassium acetate Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate Sodium acetate 3 hyd. Fulvic acid Sodium acetate anhy. Potassium humate Sodium diacetate Potassium humate fulvate Zinc acetate 2 hy. Seaweed extract ACIDS ALKALIES Acetic acid glacial Alumina trihydrate Adipic acid Aluminium oxide (Calcined) Ascorbic acid Ammonia solution Benzoic acid Ammonium carbonate Boric acid Calcium carbonate Citric acid mono/ anhy.
  • Vaginal Administration of Contraceptives

    Vaginal Administration of Contraceptives

    Scientia Pharmaceutica Review Vaginal Administration of Contraceptives Esmat Jalalvandi 1,*, Hafez Jafari 2 , Christiani A. Amorim 3 , Denise Freitas Siqueira Petri 4 , Lei Nie 5,* and Amin Shavandi 2,* 1 School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK 2 BioMatter Unit, École Polytechnique de Bruxelles, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt, 50-CP 165/61, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; [email protected] 3 Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium; [email protected] 4 Fundamental Chemistry Department, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; [email protected] 5 College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (E.J.); [email protected] (L.N.); [email protected] (A.S.); Tel.: +32-2-650-3681 (A.S.) Abstract: While contraceptive drugs have enabled many people to decide when they want to have a baby, more than 100 million unintended pregnancies each year in the world may indicate the contraceptive requirement of many people has not been well addressed yet. The vagina is a well- established and practical route for the delivery of various pharmacological molecules, including contraceptives. This review aims to present an overview of different contraceptive methods focusing on the vaginal route of delivery for contraceptives, including current developments, discussing the potentials and limitations of the modern methods, designs, and how well each method performs for delivering the contraceptives and preventing pregnancy.
  • Guidance for Management of Troublesome Vaginal Bleeding with Progestogen-Only Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC)

    Guidance for Management of Troublesome Vaginal Bleeding with Progestogen-Only Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC)

    Guidance for management of troublesome vaginal bleeding with progestogen-only long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) Initial consultation Management of troublesome bleeding Provide accurate Information about expected bleeding patterns, 1. Exclude other causes emphasising that troublesome bleeding is likely to improve with time: Pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including chlamydia, liver-enzyme Implant: 1/5 amenorrhoea, 3/5 infrequent, irregular bleeding, 1/5 frequent or inducing medications (implant only) and vaginal, cervical or uterine pathology prolonged bleeding; approximately 1/2 with frequent or prolonged bleeding will 2. If no suspicion of another cause for bleeding improve after three months. Reassure this is ‘normal’ and not harmful Hormonal IUD: frequent spotting/bleeding common in first 3-5 months; either 3. Advise medication management amenorrhoea, light irregular or light regular bleeding common after six months. Ensure no contraindications and explain risks and side effects DMPA Injection: 1/2 amenorrhoea, 1/6 infrequent irregular bleeding, 1/3 frequent/ prolonged bleeding; amenorrhoea increases over time. 4. Advise that the implant or hormonal IUD can be removed any time or the depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injection discontinued. Be proactive in offering management advice for troublesome bleeding Actively encourage review of troublesome bleeding. First line options: • A combined hormonal contraceptive1 taken continuously or cyclically for three months • Five day course of NSAID2 such as mefenamic acid 500mg bd-tds • Five day course of tranexamic3 acid 500mg bd, particularly if bleeding is heavy Second line options Contraindications include: 1 migraine with aura, personal and family history of venous thromboembolism, risk factor for cardiovascu- With low level, anecdotal or conflicting evidence: lar disease and smoking >35 years of age, active breast cancer.
  • Hormonal Iuds Are Small ‘T- Shaped’ Plastic Devices That Are Inserted Into the Uterus (Womb)

    Hormonal Iuds Are Small ‘T- Shaped’ Plastic Devices That Are Inserted Into the Uterus (Womb)

    HORMONAL INTRAUTERINE DEVICES (IUDs) – (Mirena and Kyleena) What are the hormonal intrauterine devices (IUDs)? The hormonal IUDs are small ‘T- shaped’ plastic devices that are inserted into the uterus (womb). The hormonal IUDs contains progestogen. This is a synthetic version of the hormone progesterone made naturally by the ovaries. The hormonal IUDs have a coating (membrane) that controls the slow release of progestogen into the uterus. There are two different hormonal IUDs available in Australia. They are sold as Mirena and Kyleena. How effective are the hormonal IUDs? The hormonal IUDs are more than 99% effective at preventing pregnancy and can last for up to 5 years. They can be used for contraception until 55 years of age if inserted when you are 45 years of age or older. How does the hormonal IUD work? IUDs affect the way sperm move and survive in the uterus (womb), stopping sperm from meeting and fertilising an egg. IUDs can also change the lining of the uterus, making it difficult for a fertilised egg to stick to the lining to start a pregnancy. The hormonal IUDs also work by thickening the fluid around the cervix (opening to the uterus/womb). This helps to prevent sperm from entering. Sometimes the hormonal IUDs can also stop the ovaries from releasing an egg. What are differences between Mirena and Kyleena hormonal IUDs? Both Mirena and Kyleena are very effective methods of contraception that last for up to 5 years. Mirena is 99.9% effective and Kyleena is 99.7% effective. Mirena may be used until 55 years of age if inserted when you are 45 years of age or older, whereas Kyleena needs to be replaced every 5 years for all ages.