WHITMORE SQUARE : 605

3.0 PARK LANDS & SQUARES

3.0 & SQUARES 3.1.35 Report

) 6 masse

en europaea Register

The Olea

WHITMORE SQUARE : 606 ) expert Paolo Villanis reported the other Squares, so it is fair to say that by is experimentation, preceding their d utilised when appointed to this position elaide City Council, to Colonial Secretary, erk, Report re Olive Plantations, 22 February erk, Report re Olive Plantations, 22 February “the Council may be enabled to carry out in a laying out and planting activities had been the Park Lands and Squares generally were the Park Lands e newspapers is unclear, but horticulturist and tion within his parks and gardens development as an opportunity to trial species as to their e Public Squares &c of the City Adelaide”, europaea the squares and gardens, as it is clear that he

for Planting the Squares, 12 April 1854, ACC

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES 1854, ” (Colonial Secretary to Town Clerk, 4 May quare. Villanis, an expert in olive ( first” (Best 1986, p. 48; George Francis, “Tender first” (Best 1986, p. 48; George Francis, “Tender clearly not a lot of specimens were planted in the rden George Francis was the successful tenderer lf-promotional activities seeking the establishment lf-promotional port on Palmer Place Improvement, 11 September port on Palmer Place ese discussions and the planting program. s and specifications adopted by the Council.” Olea considerable expenditure “for planting and considerable expenditure “for planting ) trees in the other Squares and that O’Brien had reviewed , 9 May 1854, p. 2). europaea

Olea The Register ) appear as an under-current in th europaea

Olea Wellington Square, and 500 in the Brougham Place Gardens (State Records Office, Colonial Wellington Square, and 500 in the Brougham Place Gardens (State Records Office, Colonial Secretary’s Office, Correspondence, Town Clerk, Ad Specification 29 April 1854, GRG 24/6/1310; Archive SQ18540504). Clearly Whitmore Square was included in th On 4 May 1854 the colonial government, through Lieutenant Governor, acceded to this in that time a proposal and granted £2,000, ornamenting the squares of city” to a level that manner satisfactory to the Citizens of Adelaide 24/6/1108. VS18540504; Colonial Secretary to Town Clerk, 4 May 1854, GRG Reputedly, over half of this money was expended on works in Victoria Square. A condition of the funds was that tenders would “be called for by advertisement fencing and planting the squares of Adelaide in accordance with plan Whether the contract was actually advertised in th later first director of the Adelaide Botanic Ga (Worsnop 1878, p. 121; In his “Tender for the Laying out and Planting th dated 18 May 1854, Francis proposed to undertake all layout and planting works in the Squares and Gardens but excluded the fencing. He claimed that, “The whole planting may be completed in 5 months from the present time, provided fencing be completed in 3 & provided also that Victoria Square be done for the Laying out and Planting Public Squares &c of City Adelaide”, 18 May 1854, ACC Archives SQ18540518). By September 1855 Francis reported that all these completed, with the Palmer Place gardens being his last venue. This is the first record of conscious landscape design works and planting activities in the Squares, including Palmer and Brougham Place gardens, laying much of the spatial and planting framework that inaugural adopted an City Gardener William O’Brien obviously se also probable, given Francis’ in 1865. It is of a botanic garden, that Francis used this tender relevance to the soils, climate and conditions of may have planted more specimens than required by the tender (Best 1986, p. 48; June 1855, p. 2; George Francis to ACC, Re 1854, ECR/0066BD4:01). Olives ( existence of some 6 specimens in Whitmore S planting in plantations the Park Lands, but squares and gardens. By 1886 Italian olive ( propagation and cultivation makes no mention of the no olive ( 1886 their were and assessed their condition integrity of reten works (Correspondence, Paolo Villanis to Town Cl 1886, TC 1886/465). Discussions by the Corporation and Mayors (Lord Mayors) about landscaping /Karrawirra Parri embankments as well commonplace from the mid 1850s onwards.

to spp), sp ?), Populus Robinia spp ( Acacia

spp), poplar ( Foundation Act Eucalyptus or activities, pre-contact post-contact, for included a role as central meeting place, s, 500 in the Palmer Place Gardens, 1,000 s’ or village greens proposed by Light in his s’ or village e Square’s configuration has occurred since the

e documents identify principally Victoria Square ntial venue for Indigenous people in the 1900s- per et al 2005, pp. 32, 97; Hemming 1998, pp. 58- per et al 2005, pp. Figure proposed by Colonel in his 1836 water- Light in William by Colonel proposed the Street Naming Committee after William Wolryche ), “gum tree” ( europaea

2005; Hemming 1998). Olea et al st-Contact Associations Source: Russell 1992, p. 3. 1992, p. 3. Source: Russell ), olive ( spp), and others, with some 3,000 to be planted in Victoria Square, 1,500 each spp), and others, with some 3,000 to be planted in Victoria Square, 1,500 dulcis

Prunus Cupressus coloured ‘Plan of Adelaide’. of Adelaide’. coloured ‘Plan Abstraction of the design for Whitmore Square as Whitmore of the design Abstraction for almond ( cypress ( and Whitmore square in Hindmarsh, Light, Hurtle 1960s and from the 1920s to Whitmore Square was a focus of Indigenous activities but not as popular as . These activities a gathering place, and as drinking venue (Dra 59). Historical Overview: Po In April 1854 the colonial government was petitioned by the Corporation for funds to fence, layout and plant all the Squares, including tabling specifications “for the fencing and planting public squares &c in the . Thes but it was clear from the specification that intent applied to all squares, as detailed number and species of trees to be planted, including specimens of Whitmore Square (Draper The West End of Adelaide was a popular reside Historical Overview: Aboriginal Associations There are several specific references to sites Whitmore Square Historical Overview: Site Context Whitmore Square exists as one of six ‘ Adelaide’. It was named by 1836 ‘Plan of Whitmore, a British Member of Parliament who introduced the Whitmore, a British Member of Parliament the British House of Commons. No change to th original survey.

ssp],

ssp)

ssp), cactus, 4 May ), Olive

Rosa Eucalyptus , honeysuckle ssp], [

Wellington 26 1 15 16 14 Hindmarsh Light Whitmore & 24 22, 23, 13 Allocasuarina Aloe ssp] [ leucoxylon gums

. I will plant a hedge of ], aloes trees and shrubs in each Mayoral Reports, ( 26 ], ssp), Roses ( with post and rail. The rails to Laburnum Messrs Morewood and Rogers. border around the whole at a given europaea [

Eucalyptus

Salix WHITMORE SQUARE : 607 I will also dig a border as in Victoria Square is to be fenced by the

junceum

Olea ), and Sheoaks ( [ to provide and plant 3,000 trees shrubs, olive ], ), Willow ( Spartium Wellington and Hurtle Squares will be fenced [ macrophylla Victoria Square and replace them in the southern and plant at least 750

s and plants as per the plan dulcis

19 & 20 & 19 George Francis but displaying evidence of a and others, laburnum m of works for the first twelve months of his ontinued to deteriorate, and the walks became ener in 1854. William O’Brien was successful.

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES 84 ssp] 19 19 119 7 272 105 30 8 14 6 112 873 Ficus and 1,000 trees shrubs and some bulbs. All the open spaces will be regulated and

Prunus

camaldulensis k, 22 February 1886, TC 1886/465) ssp] ssp] [

Rosa [ ssp] esting, those species he did propagate were Spanish broom Whitmore Squares will be fenced in ce Course and North Terrace) wide and gravelled. We will dig a gates which have been procured from Rosa [ .1812 in Dublin, Ireland, O’Brien arrived in Adelaide 1858 arrived Ireland, O’Brien in Dublin, .1812 c The northern division of Victoria South Australian Blue Gums ( , almond ssp], Cupressus [ Eucalyptus re and new ones provided if required. roses [4.8m] Salix ssp?] [ hedge put in as before along the whole of fence. I intend , cypress ssp], ), Moreton Bay Figs (

Acacia

ssp]

[ ssp] ssp] , willows suber [Unley Road]

Rosa Rosa [ Geranium ssp] [ [ Populus [ , and lived in . He died on 18 October 1884. ), River Red Gum ( Quercus

1863). Letter, Paolo Villanis to Town Cler Melaleuca Utopia be taken from Victoria Squa Wellington Square Plantation bordering the Old Race Course poplars planted with grass seed. Hurtle and and a briar 1854). Mitcham Road Whitmore Square Contractors are to remove fences on both divisions of part with a post and wire fence. Corporation with iron hurdles and The paths are to be 16 feet [ geraniums Square and plant a hedge of sweet briar Square. Similarly for Hindmarsh and Light Squares. Strangways Terrace South East Park Lands (Old Race Course) Dequetteville Park East Park Lands (between Old Ra Total ( distance with a fence on both divisions ready for tree sweet briar these being acacia Torrens Lake Light Square West Terrace europaea

Register Olea

This was an extensive and most detailed progra in horticulture appointment, and unfortunately no plan exists to indicate his visions or skill and garden design. Despite these good intentions, O’Brien was hampered in the quality of his program due to the contractors. The gardens c infested with weeds and were ill-maintained. He also sought from the Corporation a tree propagating area or plant nursery. Inter predominantly Australian species: ( O’Brien’s priority task upon his appointment was the condition of Victoria Square. He inherited a garden landscape with foundation plantings by lack of care and maintenance. Further, the Square existed as two garden quadrants at this time; equal northern and southern quadrants. O’Brien wrote of his works in the Square as follows: ( Cork Oaks ( In recognition of the state garden system in municipality prompted the Corporation to for the position of City Gard call for applicants An experienced Gardener born in on the

) trees

Olea

Olea , 24 July Olea Park

) plantings europaea

Olea Present 7 & 8 Brougham, 29 Palmer, 28 europaea

The Register Olea 1886/465; letter, William ssp] …” It is possible the plan author quiring the appointment of an expert referee rnor indicating that “the writer of the e Square. Villanis, in 1882, corroborated the quares with 6 specimens extant in Whitmore ecretary to Town Clerk, ACC, 2 August 1855, d by advertisements in the usual newspapers, , Town Clerk, ACC, to Colonial Secretary, 2 wn Clerk, ACC, to Colonial Secretary, 13 blic Square” being sent to the Corporation on 9 ation ground,” (note ‘fruit bearing and not a pearance of the Park Lands. For example, on have been prompted by concerns from the Eucalyptus wishes and propose to do so by means of y to the Corporation of “the number olive made use of.” The Colonial Secretary appointed the state and condition of all the olive ( s hand (Letter, Colonial Secretary to Town Clerk, Town Clerk, ACC, 20 August 1855, GRG 1855, GRG Town Clerk, ACC, 20 August them on in various Park Land blocks and Squares Clerk, ACC, 2 August 1855, GRG 24/6/2129 e Governor volunteered a budget of £400, “a sum Number of trees bearing fruit 27 29 5 Corporation’s Town Clerk expressing a desire k, 22 February 1886, TC acres [0.2ha] or even quarter [0.1ha] in in the selection of the position several at he wishes” which the Corporation eagerly CC, 2 August 1855, GRG 24/6/3289 (1855)). GRG 24/6/3289 (1855)). CC, 2 August 1855, were predominantly planting olive ( 1872/519 and 4 September 1872, TC 1872/622). ckney Nursery, to this role. Unfortunately scheme ssp] and Gum-tree [ Acacia

], the Wattle [ ) plantations in the Park Lands for Corporation recording substantial olive ( ) groves in various Park Land blocks and S Location Brougham Place Palmer Place Mann Terrace Pengilly to Town Clerk, 16 July 1872, TC Pengilly to Town provided an inventor In February 1886 Villanis trees presently bearing fruit in the Town Corpor total list of trees overall) excluding the Gaol enclosures: in several areas. During 1872 he was planting but makes no mention of any plantings in Whitmor existence of these plantings when he reviewed Paolo Villanis to Town Cler 1883, p. 6; letter, Square (Letter, Paolo Villanis to Town Clerk, 13 July 1883, TC 1883/2224; europaea was Francis, more so than Bailey as there is no evidence of Bailey’s plan drawing skills whereas the sketch text is similar in style to Francis’ ACC, 7 July 1855, GRG 24/6/1381 (1855); letter August 1855, GRG 24/6/2644 (1855); Colonial S GRG 24/6/1605 (1855); Colonial Secretary to 24/6/1740 (1855) Colonial Secretary to Town (1855) Colonial Secretary to Town Clerk, A While Francis, Bailey and Sheriff Boothby in the Park Lands, City Gardener William Pengilly also undertook olive ( europaea europaea August 1855, GRG 24/6/2505 (1855); letter, To Willingly, to assist these landscaping works, th sufficient to accomplish much, but not all th accepted “at once to carry out His Excellency’s competent gardeners [on] contracts to be obtaine the works generally being performed under supervision of the City Surveyor.” With acceptance, the Governor imposed one condition re to monitor the works: “that some person should be nominated by himself to represent the Executive in this matter and to have a voice plantations and of the species fencing to be horticulturist John Bailey, of Ha “that something should be done to improve the present very unsightly appearance of most of the Park Lands near Town; which he [Governor Gawler] thinks might be effected by the judicious planting of clumps trees on half suitable positions; care being taken to fence such clumps with strong but neat fencing.” unknown collapsed with the dissolution of Legislative Council in August 1855 despite authored sketch “on the subject of planting a Pu These public debates and discussions appear to colonial Governor about the overall aesthetic ap 17 July 1855 the Colonial Secretary wrote the October 1855, with correspondence from the Gove memorandum has indicated some most sensible and just views of Landscape Gardening…” The advice included a recommendation that, “in a climate like South Australia’s and to avoid the inconvenience of having to wait years for effect, clumps should be formed the Olive [

syn.

10 July Melia bicapsularis

Cassia ), 4 Moreton Bay Figs om the City of Adelaide Town Town City of Adelaide om the Australasian Sketcher WHITMORE SQUARE : 608 heterophylla

. Source: History Trust of South South of Trust History Source: . ) and 6 Cassia ( Araucaria ees suitable for planting in the Squares of populneus

vacant tract of land to the upper right, with only the the only with right, upper to the land of tract vacant ore Square in the middle to late 1800s. It is e city”. The City Surveyor prepared designs for July 1876 and the er William O’Brien wrote to the Corporation on 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES in the lithographic projections of City Bundey saw it as a major aim of his tenure Bundey Figure anted by O’Brien (Town Clerk’s Docket 714 of around the Squares was subject to Corporation Brachychiton ), 6 Thuja (species unspecified), 6 White Cedars ( norama photograph of Adelaide taken fr taken Adelaide norama photograph of the far top right of the photograph the right of far top the g south-west towards Whitmore Square and the heavily vegetated West West vegetated heavily the and Square Whitmore towards g south-west robusta

Sydney Illustrated News ), 6 Kurrajongs ( ), 6 Kurrajongs Grevillea ). It is unclear whether the Corporation approved this list, and which Square it ), 6 ( australasica var candolleana macrophylla

Australia. Extract of Townsend Duryea’s 1865 pa Townsend Extract of Hall tower, in this instance lookin Hall tower, in this instance large as a appears The Square beyond. Cemetery Terrace in visable Church Luke’s St extant Ficus azedarach Cassia pertained to, but is likely that these were pl 1874). The state and condition of extant fencing deliberations in the late 1870s. Mayor William Bundey consciously sought to remove the “old and decaying split post and rail fences from the City squares” and to erect “substantial and these enclosures.” ornamental railings round Mayor and an important task for “beautifying th Duryea took a panorama series of photographs the municipality from In 1865 Townsend Town Hall tower. What is not discernable in the Townsend Duryea 1865 photograph fountain that was reputedly positioned in Whitm evident, by the implied graphic representations Adelaide published in the Survey of the City Adelaide, that fountains may 1875, a fact collaborated in the 1880 Smith have been positioned in the central point in each Square. There has been little factual evidence to substantiate these graphic representations, and the only evidence of a pre-1900 fountain pertains to Hindmarsh Square. Upon the invitation of Mayor, City Garden 19 August 1874 proposing “a list of Ornamental Tr City.” The list comprised: 2 Norfolk Island Pines ( (

planted ]

ich was brackish and sterile Ficus macrophylla Office to the Government [ ly creditable and will, I am told, which are now growing and ] uares which have always been so t weather but are responding to Moreton Bay figs Olea europaea [ h were always so mischievous in these squares. The adjacent forest belts are doing as well as can be ia Square from the Post fine start. The ground wh s, the two stationmen in these wards have been very [and the] lly the same as today with a rectangular perimeter perimeter rectangular a today with as same the lly l pathway system and semi-regimented tree planting planting tree semi-regimented and system l pathway the Corporation’s City Surveyor dated 11 February 1865 Surveyor City Corporation’s the and promenades of the city are high e looking very brown due to the ho 6 May 1866). the citizens. Light and Whitmore Sq Reports

grounds at East Terrace, ] Mayoral ( Olea europaea [ Printing Office last winter in Wakefield Street ar watering. A new walk has been suggested for Victor olive vigilant in the capturing and impounding of goats, whic All trees are doing very well. All the roads and their desired. The view through the clumps contribute much to the health of obstinate to cultivate trees in, have this year made a has been drained and improved planted with olives promise to be quite successful. Fitzgerald and Evan Extract from the ‘Map of Adelaide’ prepared by prepared the ‘Map of Adelaide’ Extract from virtua is The image Square. Whitmore depicts that arc-ing to the flank, a cross-axia roadway southern system. Source: ACC Archives.

By 1866 O’Brien was pleased to report:

tes that there was no was tes that there in 1880. This is very detailed This is very 1880. in on and the inner perimeter perimeter inner the on and

WHITMORE SQUARE : 609 ngs today, it indica it ngs today,

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES no horse-drawn was there that also Note Square. the Figure on jack pathway configurati on jack pathway , 1880, depicting Whitmore Square depicting , 1880, hern arc which lacks any evidence of planti lacks any evidence arc which hern in 1880. Source: ACC Archive. 1880. Source: in Smith’s Survey of the City of Adelaide of City the Survey of Smith’s Extract from from Extract sout plan that illustrates the uni the Squares, other most unlike fountain central nature of tree plantings in the extensive pathways and this locality tram service in

1879-80, 1879-80, Report

ting that correlates with with correlates that ting Annual ctive over the City of Adelaide, around all five squares by early 1881. Costs ng, the pattern of tree plan the pattern of ng, s that, “consistent with the end they had in a more elaborate palisading version for Victoria was faced with removing the old post and rail Figure to the Corporation at least £2,000” was an 10 July 1875 with an aerial perspe 10 July 1875 Australasian Sketcher Australasian the axial and diagonal pathway system, and the trees arc-ing on the southern flank of the Square. Source: Source: the Square. flank of on the southern arc-ing trees the and system, pathway and diagonal axial the ACC Archives. Extract from the from Extract depicting Whitmore Square. Note the extensive tree planti tree extensive the Note Square. Whitmore depicting p. 82; 1880-81, pp. 110-111; 1881-82, pp. 34-35, 41). pp. 110-111; 1881-82, p. 82; 1880-81, for the palisading and its erection were: Whitmore Square £1,352 6s 6d ( investment well made. These palisades were erected these cast iron ornamental railing fences, with Square as distinct from the other Squares. Tenders were called for both designs and works awarded. Presumably City Gardener Pengilly fencing to enable the contractors to proceed. Mayor Edwin Smith witnessed the erection of the ornamental cast iron palisading but also had to deal with public criticism of the Corporation’s expenditure on the palisading. His argument wa view, a bold but neat palisading which adds so much to the appearance of the Squares, and to the ornamentation of streets, and saves

1887- Annual Report

(1990) by Marsden (1990) by Marsden Annual

WHITMORE SQUARE : 610 ality of the Squares. At same time the The Heritage the City Heritage of of The Adelaide a progressive deterioration of the quality and and tree planting, and undertook research on the appointment of August Wilhelm Pelzer in of meetings and site inspections to all squares, Gardens Department, appoint an experienced ation also determined that proper arboricultural 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES terations” including tree removal works to be the Chair of Councillor William Ponder ( the Chair of Councillor William was a position that he held until 1932. A Ponder who extensively enabled the actions and Figure Figure nd the Square with each post set on a stone foundation foundation stone each post set on a Square with nd the e City Surveyor. Under this policy change the ling funding and political support within the ter troughs being severely damaged ( 4-95, p. 64; 1896-97, p. 69). 64; 1896-97, p. 4-95, in c.1890s as published in in 1897-98, pp. 73-74). Photograph of St Luke’s Church St Luke’s Photograph of et al p. 197. Note the cast iron palisade fencing arou fencing palisade the cast iron Note al p. 197. et ACC Archives. Source: stone. iron rail heads being broken off, and wa 88, p. 41; 1889-1890, p. 77; 189 88, p. 41; 1889-1890, 77; mid 1899 to the position of City Gardener. It secondary key was the role of “indefatigable” visions of Pelzer to be implemented enab Corporation. Ponder was passionate about trees Behind these snippets by the City Gardeners was management of the gardens in Squares. This was brought to a head 1897 when Corporation established a Special Committee to inquire into the “whole working and management of the squares.” Following a series Report A key to the success of these policy changes was the Corporation determined a set of “drastic al undertaken. Some 17 trees were removed from Whitmore Square concluding that the trees were either “dead, dying, or unsightly.” The Corpor treatment was required of all trees in the Squares and that a gardener be specifically placed in charge of each Square reporting directly to th Corporation witnessed a change in the landscape qu Corporation determined to establish a Parks & and qualified City Gardener, establish a tree nursery in Tulya Wodli/Park 27, and “permanent Tree Planting Committee” under

to and the Annual to the Annual Report street tree plantings anting the Adelaide Park Annual Report Australasian Sketcher must for the sake of City of Adelaide, 11 February 1865, no attempt to include the Squares in this 1885 reported with “great pleasure” of the s advised that Brown shall have “general s. Unfortunately the nature of the species is a specific incident over ced foundational work in implementing parts Park Lands. Despite this it is clear the e works were undertaken in each Square in sor of the Plantations’, upon invitation Report on a System of Pl gnation from this position in August 1882. sack Pengilly, and therein had a serious of City ge to maintain the regular width of paths City Gardener Pengilly was busy tree planting City Gardener Pengilly was on these acts of vandalism and that the these vehicles into the Squares.” Despite this arged with Squares and garden development at all the Squares “… are looking very well; but s” and to “render Mr. Brown every facility for .” Whitmore Square continued to be subject to shelterbelt representations that appear in the trees in Whitmore Square. In 1882-83 he planted he planted trees in Whitmore Square. In 1882-83 City Surveyors Office on 11 February 1865. This signation he wrote “I specimens and to replace “missing” trees ( force eventually prompted Brown’s formal (1862-1934) was appointed City Gardener (1899- “in very good order” in his 1885-86 1883-84, p. 50; 1885-86, pp. 48, 111-112). 1883-84, p. 50; 1885-86, pp. 48, 111-112). Report

respectively (Brown 1880; Plan of Annual ’s (1880) recommendations. Pengilly wa Report Illustrated News

1881-82, p. 137; 1882-83, 135). (1880), under Mayor William Bundey, there was (1880), under Mayor William Bundey, resignation on 1 June 1883. In his letter of re professional reputation, seek to be relieved of the responsibility.” With this decision the Corporation determined to Gardeners until such time as August Pelzer 1899. 1934) in mid Newly appointed City Gardener Richard Patterson in improvements effected in the landscapes of the Squares in his 1883-84 While the Corporation sought to remedy situation, continued disobedience and contrary activities by the City Gardener and his work Sydney ACC Archives). With John Ednie Brown’s appointment as ‘Supervi Mayor Edwin Smith in April 1882, Brown commen along Barton Terrace West prompted Brown’s resi lithographic axiometric perspectives of Adelaide as published in the of the Report In commissioning John Ednie Brown to prepare a Lands investigation. This perhaps indicates the quality of landscape that was extant in the Squares that William O’Brien had established; Pengilly was ch and maintenance but also had jurisdiction over the O’Brien was establishing tree plantations along several road corridors through the Park Lands. These fenced enclosures, planted with shelterbelt trees, included Glen Osmond Road, Bay Road (Anzac Highway), Port Road, and East Terrace. The scope of these works are illustrated in a ‘Plan of the City Adelaide’ prepared by the plan appears to be more accurate than the tree supervision of the tree planting in the Park Land the 1880s. A new water service was installed in Whitmore Square 1889 together with planting couch grass. In 1895 Hayes reported th all the paths should be bordered with bricks on ed and keep the public from destroying borders acts of vandalism. Hayes was frustrated by often monthly acts of tree mutilation, tops of cast- this purpose …” (Town Clerk’s Dept Outwards Letter Book, 1882/602/18). A fractious this purpose …” (Town Clerk’s Dept Outwards Letter Book, 1882/602/18). relationship occurred with Brown and Pengilly, Under Patterson and Hayes several minor landscap While the debate about palisading was continuing in the Squares. During 1881-82 he planted 70 an additional 30 trees in Light and Whitmore Square not stated but his purpose was to plant new Corporation. He also recorded that he had installed numerous “openings” in the palisades “to allow persons in charge of perambulators getting person or persons” caused considerable vandalism to the palisades in all “some ill-disposed Squares over the 1885 Christmas holidays “especially to that round .” Newly appointed City Gardener John W Hayes reported gardens and trees in the Squares were also the Corporation (

Report Report

Annual Annual Annual ounds, and provide the tiquated and should be s of Hindmarsh, Hurtle, Committee, having special reference WHITMORE SQUARE : 611 the planting of a new Kaffir ome, and a corrective to any possible symptoms of ago. I have also caused the mean to be shifted ions for Children’s Playgr would be good policy to have them laid out afresh. 1901, p. 9). as to the establishments in America, England, and ys Trust (MTT) should contribute to “pay a purposes, and with that end in view the Town Clerk at the Council possesses a very capable officer, who the laying of a tram track through north- ableness of reserving portion d Wellington Squares are an r Whitmore Square, an average of 2,000 to a slow renovation program in Whitmore well construct and plant the spaces. Alderman th the installation of tramways through the ch facilities. Pelzer was involved in these the Corporation, and his desire to re-create also turned to the provision of children’s 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Report

debated, and Mayor Charles Glover started re was little impacted by this transportation . But there was also impetus from the volume of perience extensive remodelling more likely came ds in “various shapes” and replanted them with 1908, p. 20). d some 2,000 to 9,500 children per month ( d some 2,000 to 9,500 Annual ( Report

aygrounds to the Parks and Gardens ) elsewhere in the Square, and 1908, p. 21; 1909, pp. 47-48). Interestingly, Mayor Frank Interestingly, Mayor Frank pp. 47-48). 1908, p. 21; 1909, Annual Reports pp. 64-65; 1914, p. 71). 1908, p. 21). Annual Report ( robusta

Report

Annual Annual Washingtonia ( same with swings and other appliances for recreative submit a report on Children’s Pl to the provision made in Melbourne and Sydney, and the Continent of Europe Whitmore, Light, and Wellington Squares Plantat “weeding out” process which I undertook some two years about occasionally, a process which has been found wholes stagnation. In the City Gardener, Mr Pelzer, I am convinced th takes an abiding interest in his work That this Council take into consideration the advis 1909, pp. 45-46). 1909, pp. 45-46). The lawns in all the Squares require re-planting, and it The garden plans in Whitmore, Light, Victoria, an remodelled While the Town Clerk prepared and submitted a report, the Corporation eventually proposed the location of playgrounds in surrounding park lands and not Squares ( 1909, p. 49; 1910, 37; 1912, At the same time the Corporation was dealing wi City. Because of the laying of electric-car tracks, the Squares would have to be remodelled and the Corporation viewed that Municipal Tramwa fair proportion” of the costs. Whitmore Squa technology impact ( Johnson also stated, perhaps seeking advice from Pelzer, that: The suggestion that the Squares needed to ex from Pelzer given his standing and expertise in Squares subtly expressed in his Squares undertook user surveys of the use of the Squares. During 1909 Corporation recording people on weekdays and weekends. Fo 8,000 adults were recorded per month, an Report Part of this renovation was prompted in 1909 with western corner of the Square. This excision necessitated the relocation of couch grass and one Cotton Palm ( Pelzer commenced From the mid 1900s onwards Square. In 1906 he re-laid out the flower be “ornamental shrubs, cannas, and various herbaceous and other flowering plants” ( 1907, p. 61). In the same period Corporation’s attention playgrounds. It was a topic that occupied the Corporation reports for the next 10 years as various playground proposals were discussed, donating funds to permit the construction of su proposals as he had to design and playgrounds (and later Mayor) Isaac Isaacs first raised the topic in Corporation’s Chambers on 13 January it was carried: 1908 wherein

) from Schinus robusta

pp. 9, 16; 1902, p. 20). pp. Washingtonia 1899-1900, pp. 109-110; 1899-1900, pp. 109-110; ), and Pepper Trees ( Report 1902, p. 30; 1903, p. 24). 1902, p. 30; 1903, 24).

Report

Annual ) battens with self-closing swing gates. macrophylla

Square “in order to break … the habit of ower beds were planted “Gaillardias, rategic aesthetic improvements to the lawns, of a capable lot of mean, and I am satisfied with the Annual characterised many of their regular reports to characterised many of their regular reports Ficus ng the Departmental staff capabilities. This e foundation of the current version bylaws. ne by the ill-bred mongrel is quite equalled was needed to enable adequate light and air 1899-1900, pp. 292-294; 1901, pp. 9, 41). pp. 292-294; 1901, 9, 41). 1899-1900, ction that introduced “intersecting roads” to Whitmore Square was fenced in 1902. Pelzer ncing program that involved wire netting fixed ncing program that the existing regulation system applicable to the ese specimens in various squares and reserves e Squares, and re-seeded the lawns with couch ll the Squares were overcrowded with trees” and Cosmos, Allysums, Snapdragons, Pensetimons, e across the lawns in the Squares caused Mayor ed to the Corporation, which they adopted, a Brookman in early 1900, sourced from Henry Reports also measures to delimit inappropriate human 1899-1900, pp. 106-107; 1901, remarks that his staff has worked well during the year, and has

ound the world including Washington DC, Paris, 1898-99, pp. 22-23). 1898-99, pp. Eucalyptus marginata Report

Annual [Pelzer’s] Report

Annual ssp), Moreton Bay Fig ( Annual 1899-1900, pp. 292-294; 1901, pp. 9, 41; 1902, p. 29). 1901, pp. 9, 41; 1902, p. 29). 1899-1900, pp. 292-294; Pinus 1898-99, pp. 149, 150). In the fl Reports

Report

). Taking advantage of a donation 100 Cotton Palms ( Annual molle … I can honestly bear out his been kept fully employed. The staff is now composed Annual var 1901, p. 44). 1901, p. 44). Mayor [Sir] Edwin Thomas Smith also accompanied Pelzer “at least once a week” in 1900-1901 inspecting all the gardens and reserves reviewi was quite a commitment of time by Mayor. His conclusion that: One of Pelzer’s first actions was also to review Squares and Park Lands. In 1900 he propos revised and co-ordinate set of bylaws to enable the policing public. This was first major review of these regulations and provided th Signage advising these new by-laws was erected in 1901 ( A significant management issue in all Squares was dogs. The Corporation had become frustrated in finding measures of preventing dogs entering the Squares and fouling flower beds. Mayor Ware observed that “the damage do that of the aristocratic canine; in both cases it is very discouraging to the gardener and his men.” In 1900 Pelzer proposed an extensive fe supported on jarrah ( on iron railings Council ( painted the fencing in 1902 ( parliamentarian and philanthropist George Sewell’s Payneham Nursery, Pelzer scattered th and then had to erect 1.5m tree guards around them due vandalism. Several palms appear to have been planted in Whitmore Square. Pelzer also planted new shrubs on the pathway routes to the toilets in Whitmore Square ( In addition, the irregular movement of peopl Alexander Ware and Pelzer considerable angst as it He provided costings for these works as follows: 30 chains in Whitmore Square at £46/8/6. All Squares were fenced by the end of 1901 and aeria activities in the Squares. He extended the spread of couch grass lawns in all Squares, and proposed the erection of similar hoops in Whitmore making these tracks.” Hoops were introduced to Whitmore Square in 1902. His conclusion was that he supported any Corporation engineering a the Squares as it would “cause much of the pedestrian traffic to be diverted from the Square.” In terms of trees, he recorded his view that “a that an urgent program of thinning and grubbing the remaining trees and also enable good growth in the lawns. Species that heightened this problem were Pines ( flower beds and trees of each Square, tree planting activities of various cities ar Cleveland, Sydney, etc. ( Pelzer immediately set to work renourishing th grass ( Petunias, Phlox, Zinnias, Stocks, Sunflowers, Geraniums, Canna, Centaurians, and Roses [sic.]” ( Clearly the immediate works Pelzer set upon were st

), molle var 1922, p. 26; 1922, aeria

Report

Schinus Annual ssp) and Moreton Bay Figs planting detail is conceptual only. only. detail is conceptual planting ) trees, etc.,” that

WHITMORE SQUARE : 612 to the Corporation wherein he Pinus ssp), Pepper ( exist today as no tree planting has been as no tree planting today exist gineers Department dated 1917 depicting the dated 1917 depicting gineers Department macrophylla

Pinus ation back to the Square park. Note also the original original the also Note park. Square the to back ation Ficus ally unfit for City Squares.” Pelzer’s desire Annual Report n of the Squares generally noting that they

ted trees,” particularly in Light and Whitmore ted trees,” particularly in Light

3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES Figure ck pathway system laid on top. Tree top. pathway system laid on ck on undertaken in the north-western corner of the Square to enable the the enable to Square of the corner north-western in the on undertaken ), Moreton Bay trees ( ) trees in Victoria Square and Pine ( prepared by the Corporation’s City En City Corporation’s the by prepared tram line. The footprint of this excision The footprint tram line. patersonii

patersonii

) in Wellington Square that had “very much improved” the Squares. This Map of Adelaide Map Lagunaria Lagunaria macrophylla

Extract of a thelayout Square of the and excisi electric construction of an Corpor by the was reclaimed it once void the in undertaken union ja axial pathway system with a minor Source: ACC Archives. Archives. ACC Source: Ficus In 1922 Pelzer wrote an overview on the conditio if not remodelling. His concerns were were “well maintained” but still room for improvement with the style of design, the “large, unsightly Pine ( 1927, p. 29). Lagunaria ( argument was again re-stated by Pelzer in his 1927 pointed to the “great number of ill-shaped, stun Squares, the need for palisade fence removal, and Square remodelling ( characterised the Squares and which were now “tot scale renovations, pointing the success of mass removal of Norfolk Island was for large Hibiscus ( (

Schinus ) specimen robusta

ace and the North Terrace trampled upon and ruined. Grevillea tail the Council in heavy cost for ) died due to a major gas was practically ruined by persons ) tree avenues occurred in Suburbs, and if the fences were t within the bounds of practical d run into approximately £1,500 at caffra

molle the Squares would be ruined. 1916, p. 44; 1917, p. 41; 1921, 1916, p. 44; 1917, var Dovaylis at locality was less affected by wandering cows, Report aeria

Markets at Gepp’s Cross, it would be possible to extensively pollarded in 1912, and a storm- on account of the large number persons who kept ounds and the Jubilee Exhibition Ground. The me the flower beds were visitors.” With this policy determination, the in the centre of Victoria Square were put there e viable. Mayor Lavington Bonython replied, by removing a small portion of the fencing round the the Reserves on North Terr ght lead to disaster in the Gardens which were ndmarsh, Hurtle, Whitmore, Light and Wellington er undertook minor improvement works in er undertook minor improvement Schinus Annual re-surface until 1916 in various forms as Squares … yet he was constrained to counsel soning of adjacent plants were common on the ) replaced by a Silky Oak ( shops throughout the City and ar future, it would most certainly en , as within three months the lawn c rationale behind the question, that: ges of the lawns. The cost woul continued, the lawns inside halepenis the further reason that sheep were driven from the North Terrace

und the above-named Squares was no Pinus 1913, pp. 53-54). 1913, pp. 53-55; 1916, p. 32). ) hedge along the new northern edge. The avenue of Pepper Trees ( Report

caffra

Annual Report ( 1910, p. 51; 1911, p. 64; 1912, p. 98). 1910, p. 51; 1911, 64; ) connecting Wright to Sturt streets was Annual Gardens generally. … designedly about fourteen years ago; prior to that ti North Terrace Gardens between the University Gr experiment proved to be disastrous making short cuts across it, and the Town Clerk had to have the fence replaced. remove the fencing round Victoria Square, because th but if this should be done in the ne least removed while such sheep-driving dwarf walls to protect the outer ed Squares could not be considered at the present time cows within the City. … politics at the present time, for Markets every week to the butchers’ molle Report

Dovyalis 5. The light palisading fences round the flower beds 6. Last year the Town Clerk made an experiment 7. When the Abbatoirs were open, and the new Stock 3. The same remarks, applied to the fences round 1. The removal of the fences round Victoria, Hi 2. The removal of the fences ro var Annual 1910s-20s. Additional thinning of the Pepper ( 1917, and a new toolshed was erected in 1921 ( 37). Apple ( pipe leak. Gas leaks and the subsequent poi damaged elderly Aleppo Pine ( Throughout the late 1910s and early 1920s Pelz aeria ( In conclusion Mayor Lavington Bonython recorded that “he was quite in accord … ” with Cohen “from the aesthetic appearance of the caution in a policy which would be costly and mi such a source of pride to the citizens and delight to matter of the removal palisading did not proposals ( ( Whitmore Square. In 1916 a portion of Kaffir Apple In April 1913 Alderman (also Mayor/Lord Mayor) Lewis Cohen first proposed the removal of all iron palisading fencing around the Squares and Gardens in City requesting Mayor John Lavington Bonython to consider what options wer noting that the municipality’s streets were still being used as stock routes for sheep and cattle, but also his sympathy with the aestheti

) trees excelsior

a pipe drain, filled in ) trees, a new tree ) no longer exist today. molle Fraxinus iversity of Adelaide. Adelaide. iversity of acements of those removed has yet var excelsior ern corner, 86 trees removed, as WHITMORE SQUARE : 613 e scope of mature tree cover in cover in mature tree e scope of aeria

Fraxinus Schinus here has been converted into canopies. Source: Un canopies. Source: l pathway system, retention of existing north- covering over the existing open drain, -western corner of the Square. The pedestrian pedestrian The Square. of the corner -western rward a remodelling plan for Whitmore Square 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES ll lawns. The Corporation approved these works, ll lawns. Figure ed. The replanting of trees as repl these works in 1937 as follows: has been laid across the north-west 1936-37, p. 21). metropolitan Adelaide illustrating th Adelaide metropolitan is obscured by the tree is obscured by Report

ssp), the felling of all Pepper ( ssp), the felling of all Pepper Annual Pinus ( 1935-36, pp. 35-36). 35-36). 1935-36, pp. Report

and grassed over. A new footpath In Whitmore Square the open drain previously existing t authorized, and lawn areas recondition to be carried out Extract of a 1936 aerial photograph of of photograph aerial Extract of a 1936 Whitmore Square, the tramline that dissected the north the that dissected tramline the Square, Whitmore Square the system within circulation Annual Orchard was immediately requested to bring fo for the Corporation’s consideration. He proposed a complete remodelling “to comply with present requirements” as established by Pelzer. These works included, removal of the old pathway system and its replacement with a diagona south and east-west pathways, consideration of removal of 16 pines ( planting program, and the reconditioning of a including the removal of 86 trees, and planting 39 “English-ash” ( ( Orchard reported on the progress of and what Unfortunately Orchard does not indicate what tree species he was felling, where, species he was replacing them with but the Golden Ash (

lzer’s retirement a sequence d by electric tram lines. Note ley Orchard FRHS to replace Pelzer the ary of South Australia celebrations in 1936 1930-31, p. 21). Sydney, and Victoria. Orchard passed away

e gardens and the Park Lands appears evident rks & Gardens. Orchard brought to the position Figure Report e Corporation commenced a reorganisation of the 1933-34, p. 33; 1938-39, p. 8). 1933-34, p. 33; 1938-39,

th previous plans. Source: ACC Archives. plans. previous Source: th 1931-32, p. 27). Following Pe 1931-32, p. 27). Following in the City of Adelaide as prepared by the City Engineer dated 14 14 dated Engineer City the by prepared as Adelaide of City the in Report ation of Wellington Square untouche of Wellington ation

Annual and experience in England,” with varied work experience in Annual Annual Report 1935-36, p. 37). 1935-36, p. Plan Showing Improved Pavements Improved Showing Plan Extract of a wi accords that system pedestrian the extant November 1927 that depicts the configur 1927 that depicts November Annual Report of gardeners and a change commitment to th throughout Adelaide notwithstanding the Centen ( On 15 April 1935 the Corporation appointed A Stan re-titled and relegated position as Curator of Pa “theoretical and practical training New South Wales in the Royal Botanic Gardens, suddenly on 15 March 1939 ( City Gardener’s Branch ( In October 1930 the Corporation called for tenders purchase and removal of Whitmore Square palisade fencing ( On 29 February 1932 Pelzer retired and th

is most placement of the ] also be enhanced by the in Whitmore Square are and some of the walls are ) trees in the Square llington Square, Brougham oved by the retention in width of lighting and the re Ficus macrophylla Ficus [ style metal posts, the latter being of removed from the streets and parks deciduous, evergreen and flowering not be lost to the City’s Park WHITMORE SQUARE : 614 itmore Square compares more than macrophylla

Ficus iderable visitation by tourists, do not have toilet (Memorandum Val Ellis to Town Clerk, 6 the existing tree plantings arance of the Square could nths, colour at varying period during the year and Whitmore Square, is interesting as Ellis was ough these buildings are old ttee in the 1950s little continuing interest in the lawn are of Whitmore Square, and whilst this Whitmore Square, or similar trees in any other park Square in positive light concluding that: moval of this species elsewhere in the parks public gardens such as We Light Square and the large bare patches within Minutes 23 January 1967; File No F.476; oceed with the name changes and to erect 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES ges, with another option being that the new the Sir Richard Hanson Fountain. In final Squares, are much more unattractive. … itmore Square could be greatly impr ssible modifications to the existing ad fringed gardens contained within the various Wards of the City. particular variety of tree have been formation of the Moreton Bay ‘fig’ carried by both stobie poles and old ken to see that the ‘fig’ tree should growth. The trees are a mixture of maintenance and presentation of Wh unless absolutely essential. in the form of a fountain … Lands. The toilets in the Square have been repainted, and th cracked, they are quite functional. By comparison, Gardens and light’s Vision, the latter of which draws cons facilities of any kind. Existing lighting in the Square is quaint character and deserving of retention. … Summarising it could be said that Wh the central and external pathways, po introduction of water effects December 1967). of Adelaide, and care should be ta existing toilets with a more modern building. The appe It is considered the standard of favourably with other Squares and ro … Comment has been made on the unkerbed fringes of point is conceded, it considered the lawn edges of lawn areas in both Hurtle and Hindmarsh considered well spaces and of good varieties, providing ample shade in the hot summer mo penetration of winter sunshine. Horticulturally, the buttressed root interesting, and the removal of particular tree in area should not be considered Records show that a number of this Again in contrast to Hurtle and Hindmarsh Squares, The memorandum, although specifically discussing clearly seeking to conserve the existing Moreton Bay Figs ( and to prevent the Corporation considering the re and gardens. It may have arisen from a policy drive by Councillor Harvey in 1966-67 to Corporation was approving works to construct new fountains in Hindmarsh Square and Light Square wherein the Corporation considered naming these fountains Hanson and Brown respectively and to action the street name chan fountain proposed for be named deliberations the Corporation determined to pr plaques to honour Sir Richard Hanson and John Brown Esq in Hurtle Whitmore Squares respectively (ACC Parks & Gardens Committee 299/66; 2218/63; Docket No 2076A/27). Despite the interest of the Parks & Garden Commi the quality of Whitmore Square persisted. The Director of the Parks & Gardens, Val Ellis, in the condition of Whitmore 1967, summarised ), ),

molle australis var

), 2 var ), 2 Pepper Celtis aeria

… White Cedar azedarach ) were

] 2 macrophylla [Norfolk Island

patersonii Schinus ), 1 Hoop Pine

Melia molle Ficus procera australasica

var ) (ACC Archive, File 888/52, ), 2 White Kurrajong Lagunaria ssp, 1 Pink Kurrajong var aeria

indica

Ulmus excelsior

17 April 1952). Again, in early 1953 Schinus azedarach ), 8 White Cedar ( [ ), 14 Pepper Trees (

), 6 Southern Nettle Trees ( Pittosporum e Square’s landscape. As part of these llor Peet in favour of all trees being removed Erythrina t adjacent to the footpaths, together with top- ndations to change various street names in It appears that Bone unsuccessfully used this ), 4 Fraxinus it may be a mixture of reasons: age, health, Melia of its Squares. The funds expended on the japonica nomenclature terminated at Whitmore Square, ), 6 Moreton Bay Figs ( ees … [and that] the lawns should also be top- y appointed City Gardener Benjamin Bone. In

patersonii verticillata hillii

matter arose again in January 1967 when the

Pelzer had planted in the Square 1890s- new water service works, etc. The specimens invigorated the Parks & Gardens Committee and cy directions of the Parks & Gardens Committee as ), 6 English Elms ( be improved by the removal of trees … var (ACC Parks & Gardens Committee Minutes 31 March Sophora 1 triacanthos

] Lagunaria Casuarina acerifolius

microcarpa ) and 1 Indian Coral (

), 14 English Ash ( Gleditsia ), and 1 White Cedar ( australasica Ficus ) of which 6 Norfolk Island Hibiscus ( ) of which 6 Norfolk Island acerifolius Brachychiton molle var ), 1 Pagoda Tree ( x sempervirens

europaea ) 1 River Sheoak ( var

… Lagunaria Patersoni 6 … Pepper Tree aeria azedarach Olea

populneus discolor

Cupressus cunninghamii ), 8 Honey Locust (

Melia Hibiscus] [ (ACC Minutes of Parks & Gardens Committee, 17 November 1944). 1953). No finality reached. Alderman McLeay and Counci The regrading of the lawns to a more suitable heigh dressing of the lawns was approved of this Square. It was also considered the Square would Schinus

™ ™ ™ Brachychiton Araucaria Brachychiton Illawarra Flame Trees ( Illawarra Flame Trees ( resolved to plant As part of this tree grubbing, Council and grubbing. recommended for felling in their stead 4 Hill’s Figs ( ( Report by Bone; Minutes of the Parks & Gardens Committee 20 July 1953). During 1966 the Corporation considered recomme the municipality. Originally, Morphett Street in and Brown Street continued between the Square and South Terrace. Originally, Pulteney Street physically and in nomenclature terminated at Hurtle Square, and Brown Street continued between the Square and South Terrace. This australasica ( and 5 Olives ( These recommendations appear to have been actioned. Bone was very much influenced by the poli Near the end of Second World War, in late 1944, Alderman (later Lord Mayor) John McLeay turned the Corporation’s attention to the quality undertook a tour of all the Squares with recentl terms of Whitmore Square the Committee recommended: Bone was also influenced by the policy directions of Parks & Gardens Committee. In April 1952 the Committee reviewed the Square, on site, and concluded that “this square could be improved by the judicious removal of certain tr dressed …” (ACC Parks & Gardens Committee Minutes the Committee undertook an on-site tour of each the Square forming several recommendations as to tree, garden and lawn works. In terms of Whitmore Square the Committee concluded: well as by the Town Clerk, Colonel William Veale. recommendation to propose a major renovation th works Bone first undertook an inventory of what trees existed in the Square. This list makes for interesting reading as it indicates what species 1930s. Why they were removed is not stated but disruption to avenue in design, include 29 Norfolk Island Hibiscus ( 2 Cypress ( ( Squares had dwindled, many of the trees planted in the 1860s-70s and in 1880s-1930s were aging or in poor quality, and much of the Squares had been appropriated for air raid construction and training purposes. McLeay

teenagers in the town during the WHITMORE SQUARE : 615 d woman, with dark skin, snowy white hair and a ed on Christmas day in 1929 (Amery 1997:33) Many of the older white residents of Moonta remember ) trees. cturesque and Gardenesque planting styles as cturesque 3.0 ADELAIDE PARK LANDS & SQUARES macrophylla

ing impression on the children and Ficus 2005, p. 97). 2005, p. et al legendary figure, “one spoken of in reverent tones.” “Princess Amelia” with genuine affection; the little ol happy laugh, clearly created a last Ivariti eventually di 1920’s” (Gara 1990:98-99). [sic.] (Draper Currently Whitmore Square is an amalgam of Pi established by O’Brien and Pelzer, with a strong Victorian character due to the pathway system and the extant Moreton Bay Fig (

or 2005, Ivariti et al Ityamaiitpinna some Kaurna people as a own terra cotta tiled r dark and when you see the Port McLeay and then been boarded. The toilets are of a good setting for Conan gles and there are small Trust and the fittings inside of them ation and intellect intelligence (Councillor Harvey, Council and he lawn abutting the outside rt Pearce and was able to lead a s” (Gara 1990:100). She is often for the Square. The name as: Ivariti in the crown of this City, which is one of the aide, and “lived her early life in the fringe camps to places of great beauty. For some reason or other need of attention. Paths are of rough topping and sty 44 gallon drum is chained to a post in the ry and sinister look afte Ivariti and has been referred to by ton Bay fig trees are jutting out all over the paths erella Square because … we find acres of scraggy tion of a new toilet block in the approximate ty in Moonta, supplementing her husband’s pension ” which was partially linked to the erection of help feeling that this is and then found her way to lly stone walling and a br ia) means “a gentle, misty rain” in the Kaurna study was upon the residential content of the to] some additional planting … this year” ecommendation to erect a new toilet in Whitmore hey are reeling at odd an , an outdoor draughts or chess set was proposed ght pieces made by the Council plumbers (ACC ’ (Amery & Williams 2002, p. 272; Draper 2002, p. ’ (Amery & Williams the Corporation, considered Whitmore Square $7,000 for construction but were not actioned (ACC Dickson Platten Architects. The new toilets condition of the Square, as follows: (ACC Archive File No F.476; 299/66). could earn from her handicraft h and uneven have obviously never glected and each day it gets worse have a Director here of great imagin t any particular system about them r her marriage in 1920, she left Po eligible for reclamation by the National , or ‘Amelia Taylor’ Savage’, who was the daughter of Ivariti Whitmore Square, I think, could well be called Cind they lead in all directions withou perimeter of the Square is very roug and each day parts of our City are being transformed in trees that are obviously planted at random and badly in most beautiful in the world. We this Square has been completely ne an age that would make them are similarly set up. Now the lighting posts – t incandescent globes which give the park a very dark, ee Police cars darting around in the Square you can’t Doyle thriller. … The huge gnarled roots of the More and the seats are unpainted and badly aligned a ru Square. … These squares, I maintain are priceless jewels Minutes 27 November 1967). Ivariti (also known as Everety, Ivarity and Amel language. Ivariti was born in the 1840s’s Port Adel Point Pearce. Late in life, afte relatively independent life among the white communi around Adelaide and the ration depots in the hills and her own rations with what she referred to as “the last woman of the Adelaide tribe”, undertake a “re-development of Whitmore Square a plaque to honour John Brown Esq. Harvey stated in a Corporation meeting, as part of deliberations to the placement of the plaque, considerable concern about the

Precinct as an Action Project. The focus of the Corporation proposed the construc In 1968-69 the centre of Whitmore Square to a design by incorporating a storage area were costed at Archives File No F.230/E). At the same time and constructed in the Square that involved a 16 feet x (4.8 4.8m) board of slate and white concrete slabs with galvanised iron drau Archives File No F54.25/75 In 1973 the Corporation considered a further r Square, but deferred the matter pending the recommendations of studies by Urban Systems Corporation. The design incorporated Carey Gu F.230/G). roof (ACC Archives Plan P.523; File In 1979 the City Planner’s Department, of Precinct rather than the Square itself, although it was observed that the “Square … is main focus of the Precinct … [and had been subject (Adelaide 1979, p. 10). the toponym Amery (1997, p. 4; 2002, 270) proposed p. 48). Tom Gara (1990) has summarised the life of honours The name means ‘misty rain ‘King Rodney’.