DOCSLIB.ORG

Para Naga; a Descriptive Grammar of Jejara

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

A DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR OF JEJARA (PARA NAGA) TIFFANY BARKMAN Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS IN LINGUISTICS Payap University February 2014 Title: A Descriptive Grammar of Jejara (Para Naga) Researcher: Tiffany Barkman Degree: Master of Arts in Linguistics Advisor: Larin Adams, Ph.D. Approval Date: 4 February 2014 Institution: Payap University, Chiang Mai, Thailand The members of the thesis examination committee: 1. _________________________________ Committee Chair (Assoc. Prof. Saranya Savetamalya, Ph.D.) 2. _________________________________ Committee Member (Larin Adams, Ph.D.) 3. _________________________________ Committee Member (Prang Thiengburanathum, Ph.D.) Copyright © Tiffany Barkman Payap University 2014 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost it is my privilege to thank my God. It is only by his grace that I am able to complete this degree, or even be here today. There are so many who have been used by him to enable me to accomplish this task. Some have assisted me directly with the thesis. Many have contributed by the roles they have had in shaping who I am today, and these are no less important. Although I will not be able to mention everyone, it is my privilege to show my gratitude to those to whom it is appropriate to do so here. A big thank you goes to the Jejara community, especially the language and culture committee, and Saya Weli Ja who worked patiently through the hot season as my language resource person to provide me with the materials for this study. I am grateful to Dr. Larin Adams who has worked as my advisor, guiding and shaping both this work and me in the process. I express my gratitude as well to the other members of my thesis committee. Dr. Prang Thiengburanathum, in addition to acting as my second reader, coached me through my literature review with patience and wisdom. Thank you to Dr. Saranya Savetamalya for acting as the committee chair. I thank all the professors and staff in the Linguistics Department at Payap University for their commitment through which they have grown me in the field of linguistics and in life. I thank my parents, brothers and sisters in Canada who have supported and cared for me throughout my lifetime and these studies. There are a multitude of people besides who have been friends, supporters, mentors and encouragers. A special thanks to those who acted as proofreaders and helped with designing graphics. Thank you to my “home church” bodies, both in Canada and in Thailand, who have been local representations of Jesus’ family to me, growing me in Christ and giving me a place to serve and connect with him. ii I extend my heartfelt and humble thanks to the Myanmar friends and community who have welcomed and included me with great patience and understanding. Through you I have come to understand more of how Jesus graciously receives us as we are. My deep gratitude also goes to the friends and community I have left in Canada. You have blessed me richly in your simultaneous desire for me to stay as well as blessings on me to go. Thanks for your continuing support from afar. Through you I have come to understand more of the meaning of sacrifice as a pleasing gift. Tiffany Barkman iii Title: A Descriptive Grammar of Jejara (Para Naga) Researcher: Tiffany Barkman Degree: Master of Arts in Linguistics Advisor: Larin Adams, Ph.D. Linguistics Approval Date: 4 February 2014 Institution: Payap University, Chiang Mai, Thailand Number of Pages: 176 Keywords: Grammar, Jejara, Para Naga, Basic linguistic theory ABSTRACT Jejara (Para Naga) is a Tibeto-Burman language whose speakers live in the Naga Hills of northwest Myanmar. This research is among the very first works published about the language. The linguistic situation in the region itself is also still so little known that any language classifications attempted are done so with disclaimers about the lack of comprehensive information. This thesis, therefore, contributes by beginning to fill in some of the lack of information. This thesis provides linguistic information about Jejara grammar from a basic linguistic theoretical perspective. After a brief overview of the Jejara phonological system and a few morphological processes, a description of the grammar of the language is provided. The grammar sketch covers the main features of Jejara. These are based on a set of texts produced by a native speaker, including personal narratives, role-plays of dialogues and descriptions of events in video clips and pictures. The grammatical description includes a presentation of grammatical categories and discussion on the noun phrase, its linear order and components. The simple clause form is looked at, along with unique forms such as locative and equative clauses. Observations about the verb complex have been laid out and clause types such as non-declarative forms are discussed along with comments on transitivity and causativity. Finally, structures which connect clauses to one another, both coordinating and subordinating, are discussed. Interesting characteristics of the language discovered include the overcounting numeral system which is in use until today. Another remarkable grammatical feature is the multiple functions of reduplication, including reduplication of verbs to iv indicate imperfectivity. When the reduplicated forms are found preceding the matrix verb, they express the manner in which that verb is undertaken. When following the matrix, resultant state is indicated. The use of gender particles within a noun phrase to further specify the head as well as resumptive pronouns which function as the second mention of a referent within a single clause are further unique features of the language. Areas exhibiting obvious need for further research include case marking particles and particles patterning clause-finally. In both cases the fine details of motivation for choosing certain particles over others or even over zero marking are not yet understood. v ชื่อเรื่อง: ไวยากรณ์ภาษาเจอเจอเรอ (ปารา นากา) ผู้จัดท า: นางสาวทิฟฟานี่ เร เบิร์คเมน ชื่อปริญญา: ศิลปศาสตรมหาบัณฑิต สาขาวิชาภาษาศาสตร์ อาจารย์ที่ปรึกษาวิทยานิพนธ์หลัก: ดร. ลาริน อดัมส์ วันที่อนุมัติผลงาน: 4 กุมภาพันธ์ 2557 สถาบันการศึกษา: มหาวิทยาลัยพายัพ จังหวัดเชียงใหม่ ประเทศไทย จ านวนหน้า: 176 ค าส าคัญ: ไวยากรณ์, เจอเจอเรอ, ปารา นากา, ทฤษฎีภาษาศาสตร์ พื้นฐาน บทคัดย่อ ภาษาเจอเจอเรอ (ปารา นากา) เป็นภาษาในตระกูลทิเบต – พม่า ซึ่งมีประชากรผู้ใช้ภาษาอาศัย อยู่ในบริเวณเทือกเขานากา ทางตะวันตกเฉียงเหนือของประเทศพม่า งานวิจัยชิ้นนี้ถือเป็นเอกสาร ตีพิมพ์เกี่ยวกับภาษาเจอเจอเรอ (ปารา นากา) ฉบับแรก เนื่องจากภาษาเจอเจอเรอยังไม่เป็นที่รู้จัก มากนัก ดังนั้นวิทยานิพนธ์ฉบับนี้จึงมีจุดประสงค์เพื่อให้ความรู้เพิ่มเติมเกี่ยวกับภาษาดังกล่าว วิทยานิพนธ์ฉบับนี้ศึกษาไวยากรณ์ภาษาเจอเจอเรอผ่านมุมมองทางทฤษฎีภาษาศาสตร์พื้นฐาน โดยให้ภาพรวมเกี่ยวกับระบบเสียง และกระบวนการทางวิทยาหน่วยค าเป็นส่วนประกอบ ภาพรวมของไวยากรณ์และคุณลักษณะส าคัญของภาษาเจอเจอเรอได้จากการวิเคราะห์ตัวบท เรื่องเล่า บทสนทนาสมมติ และการบรรยายเหตุการณ์ในคลิปวิดีโอ และภาพจากผู้บอกภาษา ในการศึกษาไวยากรณ์เชิงพรรณนาในภาษาเจอเจอเรอ ผู้วิจัยเริ่มจากประเภททางไวยากรณ์ใน ภาษาเจอเจอเรอ นามวลี ล าดับค า องค์ประกอบค า อนุพากย์ความเดียว อนุพากย์บอกสถานที่ และอนุพากย์ขยายความ โครงสร้างของค ากริยา ประเภทของอนุพากย์ เช่น อนุพากย์ที่ไม่ใช่รูป ประโยคบอกเล่าประกอบกับการวิเคราะห์คุณสมบัติทางสกรรมสภาพ และก าลังการเลือก อาร์กิวเมนต์ของค ากริยาหรือวาเลนซ์ นอกจากนี้ยังวิเคราะห์โครงสร้างอนุพากย์ความรวม และอนุ พากย์ความซ้อนด้วย คุณลักษณะที่น่าสนใจของภาษาเจอเจอเรอคือระบบ overcounting numeral system ซึ่งพบว่า ยังมีการใช้อยู่จนถึงทุกวันนี้ คุณลักษณะทางไวยาการณ์อีกอย่างที่น่าสนใจคือการซ ้าค า การซ ้า vi ค าในภาษาเจอเจอเรอมีหลากหลายหน้าที่ หนึ่งในนั้นคือการซ ้าค ากริยาเพื่อแสดงการณ์ลักษณะ ไม่สมบูรณ์ หากซ ้ากริยาหน้าค ากริยาหลัก จะเป็นการแสดงอาการของเหตุการณ์ หากซ ้ากริยา หลังค ากริยาจะเป็นการแสดงสภาพผล นอกจากนี้ยังมีการใช้อนุภาคแสดงเพศและสรรพนามเงา เพื่อแสดงสิ่งอ้างถึงเดียวกันภายในอนุพากย์ ข้อเสนอแนะส าหรับงานวิจัยในอนาคตได้แก่การศึกษาอนุภาคแสดงการก และการใช้อนุภาคท้าย ประโยค เนื่องจากยังไม่เคยมีการศึกษารายละเอียดถึงสาเหตุว่าท าไมผู้ใช้ภาษาจึงเลือกใช้อนุภาค ตัวหนึ่งมากกว่าอีกตัวหนึ่ง หรือเลือกที่จะไม่ใช้เลย vii TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................ii Abstract ......................................................................................................................... iv บทคัดย่อ .......................................................................................................................... vi List of Tables ............................................................................................................. xiii List of Figures .............................................................................................................. xv List of Abbreviations and Symbols............................................................................. xvi Chapter 1 Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Jejara people ................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Preview of chapters .............................................................................................. 4 1.3 Methodology ........................................................................................................ 4 1.4 Theoretical perspective ........................................................................................ 9 1.5 Language resource person.................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Contrastive Linguistics; Determiners Language Classification

    Contrastive Linguistics; Determiners Language Classification

    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 430 401 FL 025 837 TITLE Notes on Linguistics, 1998. INSTITUTION Summer Inst. of Linguistics, Dallas, TX. ISSN ISSN-0736-0673 PUB DATE 1998-00-00 NOTE 242p.; For the 1997 "Notes on Linguistics," see ED 415 721. PUB TYPE Collected Works - Serials (022) JOURNAL CIT Notes on Linguistics; n80-83 1998 EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Book Reviews; Computer Software; Computer Software Development; Contrastive Linguistics; Determiners (Languages); Doctoral Dissertations; English; Greek; Language Classification; Language Patterns; *Language Research; *Linguistic Theory; Research Methodology; *Semantics; Technical Writing; *Uncommonly Taught Languages; Workshops IDENTIFIERS Alamblak; Bungku Tolaki Languages; Chamicuro; Kham ABSTRACT The four issues of the journal of language research and linguistic theory include these articles: "Notes on Determiners in Chamicuro" (Steve Parker); Lingualinks Field Manual Development" (Larry Hayashi); "Comments from an International Linguistics Consultant: Thumbnail Sketch" (Austin Hale); "Carlalinks Workshop" (Andy Black); "Implications of Agreement Languages for Linguistics" (W. P. Lehmann); and "The Semantics of Reconciliation in Three Languages" (Les Bruce) . Dissertation abstracts, book reviews, and professional notes are included in each issue.(MSE) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** NOTES ON LINGUISTICS Number 80 February 1998 Number 81 May 1998 Number 82 August 1998 Number 83 November 1998 SUMMER INSTITUTE OF LINGUISTICS 7500 WEST CAMP WISDOM ROAD DALLAS, TEXAS 75236 USA U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND office ot Educatlonal Research and Improvement DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION BEEN GRANTED BY CENTER (ERIC) \This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it.
  • Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. and RMW Dixon, Eds. 2006. Serial Verb

    Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. and RMW Dixon, Eds. 2006. Serial Verb

    A Grammar of Bantawa : grammar, paradigm tables, glossary and texts of a Rai language of Eastern Nepal Doornenbal, M.A. Citation Doornenbal, M. A. (2009, November 3). A Grammar of Bantawa : grammar, paradigm tables, glossary and texts of a Rai language of Eastern Nepal. LOT dissertation series. LOT, Netherlands Graduate School of Linguistics, Utrecht. Retrieved from https://hdl.handle.net/1887/14326 Version: Not Applicable (or Unknown) Licence agreement concerning inclusion of doctoral thesis in the License: Institutional Repository of the University of Leiden Downloaded from: https://hdl.handle.net/1887/14326 Note: To cite this publication please use the final published version (if applicable). Bibliography Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. and R.M.W. Dixon, eds. 2006. Serial Verb Constructions. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. 2004. Evidentiality. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Allen, N.J. 1975. Sketch of Thulung Grammar. New York: Ithaca. B ant av a, D. ik. 2001. ºAtAvA (rAI) fNÚkof (Bant av a (Ra ) abdako±, ‘Bantawa Rai dictionary'). D.K. Rai ‘Rupabun'. B ant av a, D. ik. V.S. 2055. ºAtvA (rAI) &yAkrZ^ , (Bantav a Ra Vyak aran . , ‘Bantawa Rai Grammar'). l#mF þkAfn, (Laks.mi Prak a±an). Bickel, Balthasar, Goma Banjade, Martin Gaenszle, Elena Lieven, Netra Paudyal, Ichchha Purna Rai, Manoj Rai, Novel Kishore Rai, and Sabine Stoll. 2007. ‘Free prefix ordering in Chintang'. Language, 83: pp. 1—31. Bickel, Balthasar and Johanna Nichols. 2006. ‘Inflectional morphology'. T. Shopen [ed.] Language typology and syntactic description. Bickel, Balthasar. 1993. ‘Belhare subordination and the theory of topic'. Studies in Clause Linkage, ASAS No. 12: pp.
  • Land and Forest Governance in the Naga Village Republic

    Land and Forest Governance in the Naga Village Republic

    LAND AND FOREST GOVERNANCE IN THE NAGA VILLAGE REPUBLIC Resource Rights for the Indigenous Peoples (RRtIP) PUBLISHING INFORMATION The contents of this book may be reproduced and distributed for non-commercial purposes if prior notice is given to the copyright holders and the source and authors are duly acknowledged. Permission to share This document is published under a creative commons license: Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 UK http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/uk/ Published by RRtIP in March 2018 RRtIP: [email protected] Written by: Julia Fogerite, Jack Jenkins Hill, and Athong Makury Preferred Citation: RRtIP (2018) Land and Forest Governance in the Naga Village Republic, Yangon, Myanmar Photos 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 17, and back cover by Lin Bojian for RRtIP Funded by: LandCore Group, Rainforest Foundation Norway, and LIFT Land Core Group ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank the European Union and governments of Australia, Denmark, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States of America for their kind contributions to improving the livelihoods and food security of rural people in Myanmar. We would also like to thank the Mitsubishi Corporation, as a private sector donor. DISCLAIMER This document is supported with financial assistance from Australia, Denmark, the European Union, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and the Mitsubishi Corporation. The views expressed herein are not to be taken to reflect the official opinion of any of the LIFT donors.
  • Myanmar ­ Languages | Ethnologue

    Myanmar ­ Languages | Ethnologue

    7/24/2016 Myanmar ­ Languages | Ethnologue Myanmar LANGUAGES Akeu [aeu] Shan State, Kengtung and Mongla townships. 1,000 in Myanmar (2004 E. Johnson). Status: 5 (Developing). Alternate Names: Akheu, Aki, Akui. Classi囕cation: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Ngwi-Burmese, Ngwi, Southern. Comments: Non-indigenous. More Information Akha [ahk] Shan State, east Kengtung district. 200,000 in Myanmar (Bradley 2007a). Total users in all countries: 563,960. Status: 3 (Wider communication). Alternate Names: Ahka, Aini, Aka, Ak’a, Ekaw, Ikaw, Ikor, Kaw, Kha Ko, Khako, Khao Kha Ko, Ko, Yani. Dialects: Much dialectal variation; some do not understand each other. Classi囕cation: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Ngwi-Burmese, Ngwi, Southern. More Information Anal [anm] Sagaing: Tamu town, 10 households. 50 in Myanmar (2010). Status: 6b (Threatened). Alternate Names: Namfau. Classi囕cation: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Sal, Kuki-Chin-Naga, Kuki-Chin, Northern. Comments: Non- indigenous. Christian. More Information Anong [nun] Northern Kachin State, mainly Kawnglangphu township. 400 in Myanmar (2000 D. Bradley), decreasing. Ethnic population: 10,000 (Bradley 2007b). Total users in all countries: 450. Status: 7 (Shifting). Alternate Names: Anoong, Anu, Anung, Fuchve, Fuch’ye, Khingpang, Kwingsang, Kwinp’ang, Naw, Nawpha, Nu. Dialects: Slightly di㨽erent dialects of Anong spoken in China and Myanmar, although no reported diഡculty communicating with each other. Low inherent intelligibility with the Matwang variety of Rawang [raw]. Lexical similarity: 87%–89% with Anong in Myanmar and Anong in China, 73%–76% with T’rung [duu], 77%–83% with Matwang variety of Rawang [raw]. Classi囕cation: Sino-Tibetan, Tibeto-Burman, Central Tibeto-Burman, Nungish. Comments: Di㨽erent from Nung (Tai family) of Viet Nam, Laos, and China, and from Chinese Nung (Cantonese) of Viet Nam.
  • Title on the Linguistic Position of the Kham Language in West Nepal

    Title on the Linguistic Position of the Kham Language in West Nepal

    On the Linguistic Position of the Kham Language in West Title Nepal : Some Provisional Observation Author(s) Nishida, Tatsuo Citation 音声科学研究 (1987), 21: 1-9 Issue Date 1987 URL http://hdl.handle.net/2433/52505 Right Type Departmental Bulletin Paper Textversion publisher Kyoto University STUDIA PHONOLOGICA XXI (1987) On the Linguistic Position of the Kham Language in West Nepa! --Some Provisional Observations-- Tatsuo NISHIDA 1. The Kham language is spoken in the Dhaulagiri and Rapti zones of West Nepal!>. In 1970 this language was investigated by David and Nancy Watters, and their Kham-English Glossary, which appeared in 19732>, particularly, was of great interest to me. Their field work on this language was a very important contribution to Tibeto­ Burman linguistic studies. As they say in their Glossary, "According to Swadesh list comparisons, Kham is not closely related to any ofthe Tibeto-Burman languages of Nepal in terms of vocabulary. It is about 25% cognate with the Magar and Gurung groups, slightly below 25% with the Tibetan group, and about 15°/<> with the Rai and Limbu groups" (p. vi). It seems the origin of the remaining 35% is obscure. What impressed me most was the inclusion of Lolo-Burmese words in the Glossary. Recently Kham has been studied in its syntactic constructions, especially the ergative system, and interesting findings have been published-contributing in an important way to studies on ergative systems in genera13>. At the same time, its morphological structure and word formation also show interesting features. In this paper I should like to discuss briefly some aspects of morphology and Tatsuo NISHIDA (ggE8ftbt): Professor, Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Letters, Kyoto University.
  • Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo

    Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo Iouo

    Asia No. Language [ISO 639-3 Code] Country (Region) 1 A’ou [aou] Iouo China 2 Abai Sungai [abf] Iouo Malaysia 3 Abaza [abq] Iouo Russia, Turkey 4 Abinomn [bsa] Iouo Indonesia 5 Abkhaz [abk] Iouo Georgia, Turkey 6 Abui [abz] Iouo Indonesia 7 Abun [kgr] Iouo Indonesia 8 Aceh [ace] Iouo Indonesia 9 Achang [acn] Iouo China, Myanmar 10 Ache [yif] Iouo China 11 Adabe [adb] Iouo East Timor 12 Adang [adn] Iouo Indonesia 13 Adasen [tiu] Iouo Philippines 14 Adi [adi] Iouo India 15 Adi, Galo [adl] Iouo India 16 Adonara [adr] Iouo Indonesia Iraq, Israel, Jordan, Russia, Syria, 17 Adyghe [ady] Iouo Turkey 18 Aer [aeq] Iouo Pakistan 19 Agariya [agi] Iouo India 20 Aghu [ahh] Iouo Indonesia 21 Aghul [agx] Iouo Russia 22 Agta, Alabat Island [dul] Iouo Philippines 23 Agta, Casiguran Dumagat [dgc] Iouo Philippines 24 Agta, Central Cagayan [agt] Iouo Philippines 25 Agta, Dupaninan [duo] Iouo Philippines 26 Agta, Isarog [agk] Iouo Philippines 27 Agta, Mt. Iraya [atl] Iouo Philippines 28 Agta, Mt. Iriga [agz] Iouo Philippines 29 Agta, Pahanan [apf] Iouo Philippines 30 Agta, Umiray Dumaget [due] Iouo Philippines 31 Agutaynen [agn] Iouo Philippines 32 Aheu [thm] Iouo Laos, Thailand 33 Ahirani [ahr] Iouo India 34 Ahom [aho] Iouo India 35 Ai-Cham [aih] Iouo China 36 Aimaq [aiq] Iouo Afghanistan, Iran 37 Aimol [aim] Iouo India 38 Ainu [aib] Iouo China 39 Ainu [ain] Iouo Japan 40 Airoran [air] Iouo Indonesia 1 Asia No. Language [ISO 639-3 Code] Country (Region) 41 Aiton [aio] Iouo India 42 Akeu [aeu] Iouo China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand China, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand,
  • English Code-Mixing in Magar Literature: a Case of "Aachhim Chetaika"

    English Code-Mixing in Magar Literature: a Case of "Aachhim Chetaika"

    ENGLISH CODE-MIXING IN MAGAR LITERATURE: A CASE OF "AACHHIM CHETAIKA" A Thesis Submitted to the Department of English Education In Partial Fulfilment for the Master of Education in English Submitted by Manoj Kumar Pun Magar Faculty of Education Tribhuvan University Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal 2016 T.U. Reg. No.: 6-1-54-307-2006 Date of Approval of Second Year Examination Thesis Proposal: 08/08/2016 Roll No: 280394/070 Date of Submission: 29-09-2016 1 DECLARATION I hereby declare that to the best of my knowledge this thesis is original; no part of it was earlier submitted for the candidature of research degree to any university. Date: 21-09-2016 …………….………………. Manoj Kumar Pun Magar 2 RECOMMENDATION FOR ACCEPTANCE This is to certify that Mr. Manoj Kumar Pun Magar has prepared this thesis entitled English Code-Mixing in Magar Literature: A Case of "Aachhim Chetaika" under my guidance and supervision. I recommend the thesis for acceptance. Date: 22-09-2016 ............................................ Mr. Guru Prasad Poudel (Supervisor) Teaching Assistant Department of English Education Faculty of Education T.U., Kirtipur, Kathmandu 3 RECOMMENDATION FOR EVALUATION This thesis has been recommended for evaluation from the following Research Guidance Committee. Signature Dr. Anjana Bhattarai ……………………. Professor and Head Chairperson Department of English Education T.U., Kirtipur Ms. Madhu Neupane ……………………. Lecturer Member Department of English Education T.U., Kirtipur Mr. Guru Prasad Poudel (Supervisor) ……………………. Teaching Assistant Member Department of English Education T.U., Kirtipur Date: 4 EVALUATION AND APPROVAL This thesis has been evaluated and approved by the following Thesis Evaluation and Approval Committee. Signature Dr.
  • UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations

    UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Essays on Development and Political Economy Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38x1c5hw Author Di Miceli, Andrea Publication Date 2017 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Essays on Development and Political Economics A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Management by Andrea Di Miceli 2017 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Essays on Development and Political Economy by Andrea Di Miceli Doctor of Philosophy in Management University of California, Los Angeles, 2017 Professor Romain T. Wacziarg, Chair My dissertation studies the determinants of conflict and state formation as well as how national identities influence individuals’ decisions. It consists of three chapters. The first, “Chasing the Key Player: A Network Approach to the Myanmar Civil War” studies the determinants of civil conflict in Myanmar. As governments in weak states often face several armed groups, they have to allocate resources to fight a subset of them strategi- cally. I use a simple model to embed heterogeneity among rebel groups stemming from their network of alliances and enmities. The key insight is that, by attacking a group, the Myanmar army weakens its allies. Therefore, the model predicts that the Myanmar army strategically targets armed groups who are central in the network of alliances. To test the model’s predictions, I collect a new data set on rebel groups’ locations, alliances, and enmities for the period 1989-2015. Using geo-referenced information on armed groups attacked by the Myanmar army, the empirical evidence strongly supports the predictions ii of the model.
  • Towards Universal Education in Myanmar's Ethnic Areas

    Towards Universal Education in Myanmar's Ethnic Areas

    Strength in Diversity: Towards Universal Education in Myanmar’s Ethnic Areas Kim Jolliffe and Emily Speers Mears October 2016 1 Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank all of the ethnic basic education providers that have worked for many years to serve their communities. In particular, the Karen Education Department, Karen Teacher Working Group, Mon National Education Committee and Department, and the Rural Development Foundation of Shan State and associates, all gave their time, resources, advice and consideration to make this report possible. Additionally, World Education, Myanmar Education Consortium, UNICEF, Child’s Dream, Save the Children, and all at the Education Thematic Working Group have been instrumental in the development of this work, providing information on their programs, making introductions, discussing their own strengths and challenges, providing feedback on initial findings, and helping to paint a deeper picture of what international support to ethnic basic education looks like. In particular, big thank yous to Dr. Win Aung, Aye Aye Tun, Dr. Thein Lwin (formerly worked for the Ministry of Education), Craig Nightingale, Amanda Seel, Catherine Daly, and Andrea Costa for reviewing early drafts of the paper and providing invaluable feedback, which has helped the report grow and develop considerably. About the Authors Having worked in Southeast Asia for over eight years, Kim Jolliffe is an independent researcher, writer, analyst and trainer, specializing in security, aid policy, and ethnic politics in Myanmar/Burma. He is the lead researcher on the Social Services in Contested Areas (SSCA) research project. Emily Speers Mears is a researcher and policy adviser specializing in education and conflict in fragile states.
  • Curriculum Vitae

    Curriculum Vitae

    CURRICULUM VITAE Scott DeLancey 541-346-3901 3515 Glen Oak Drive [email protected] Eugene, OR 97405, U.S.A. EDUCATION 1975-80 Indiana University. Ph.D. in Linguistics Minor in Tibetan 1970-72 Cornell University. B.A. in Linguistics Dissertation: Deictic Categories in the Tibeto-Burman Verb. ACADEMIC EMPLOYMENT: 1992-present Professor, Dept. of Linguistics, University of Oregon. 1985-1992 Associate Professor, Dept. of Linguistics, University of Oregon. (Chair, 1985-90) l982-1985 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Linguistics, University of Oregon. Visiting appointments 2004 Fall Visiting professor, Université Lyon 2. 2001 Summer Faculty, 2001 LSA Linguistics Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara. 1995 Summer Faculty, 1995 LSA Linguistics Institute, University of New Mexico. 1987 Spring Visiting Associate Professor, Dept. of Linguistics, University of California at San Diego. 1980-82 Visiting Assistant Professor, Dept. of Linguistics, University of Colorado. RESEARCH SUPPORT 2011 Fulbright-Nehru Research Fellowship, Gauhati University, Assam, India. 2010-11 A Descriptive Grammar of Karbi. National Science Foundation Dissertation Improvement Grant. Linda Konnerth, co-PI. $11,995. 2010-11 Documenting Bih, an Austronesian language of Vietnam in a comparative perspective: a Bih/Rade/English/Vietnamese dictionary. National Science Foundation Dissertation Improvement Grant. Tam Thi Minh Nguyen, co-PI. $13,592 2010-12 Documentation of the Miji language. National Science Foundation Dissertation Improvement Grant. Daniel Wood, co-PI. $11,985 2009-11 Documenting Linguistic History in Bhutan: a Kurtoep/English/Dzongkha Dictionary. National Science Foundation Dissertation Improvement Grant. Gwendolyn Hyslop, co-PI. $11,992 2006-08 Summer School in Language Documentation and Description -- Participant Support. (For US participants in the field school in Lyon).
  • And Topic Markers Indicate Gender and Number by Means of the Pronominal Article They Follow (Ho-Kwe M.TOP, Ko-Kwe F.TOP and Mo-Kwe PL-TOP)

    And Topic Markers Indicate Gender and Number by Means of the Pronominal Article They Follow (Ho-Kwe M.TOP, Ko-Kwe F.TOP and Mo-Kwe PL-TOP)

    The elusive topic: Towards a typology of topic markers (with special reference to cumulation with number in Bolinao and gender in Nalca) Bernhard Wälchli (Stockholm University) [email protected] Helsinki; January 22, 2020 1 The elusive topic: Towards a typology of topic markers (with special reference to cumulation with number in Bolinao and gender in Nalca) Bernhard Wälchli (Stockholm University) Abstract At least since the 1970s, topic has been widely recognized to reflect an important category in most different approaches to linguistics. However, researchers have never agreed about what exactly a topic is (researchers disagree, for instance, about whether topics express backgrounding or foregrounding) and to what extent topics are elements of syntax or discourse or both. Topics are notoriously difficult to distinguish from a range of related phenomena. Some definitions of topic are suspiciously similar to definitions of definiteness, subject, noun and contrast, so the question arises as to what extent topic is a phenomenon of its own. However, topics are also internally diverse. There is disagreement, for instance, as to whether contrastive and non-contrastive topics should be subsumed under the same notion. This talk tries to approach the category type topic bottom-up by considering cross-linguistic functional diversity in marked topics, semasiologically defined as instances of topics with explicit segmental topic markers. The first part of the talk considers the question as to whether topic markers can be defined as a gram type with one or several prototypical functions that can be studied on the basis of material from parallel texts and from descriptive sources.
  • Language Distinctiveness*

    Language Distinctiveness*

    RAI – data on language distinctiveness RAI data Language distinctiveness* Country profiles *This document provides data production information for the RAI-Rokkan dataset. Last edited on October 7, 2020 Compiled by Gary Marks with research assistance by Noah Dasanaike Citation: Liesbet Hooghe and Gary Marks (2016). Community, Scale and Regional Governance: A Postfunctionalist Theory of Governance, Vol. II. Oxford: OUP. Sarah Shair-Rosenfield, Arjan H. Schakel, Sara Niedzwiecki, Gary Marks, Liesbet Hooghe, Sandra Chapman-Osterkatz (2021). “Language difference and Regional Authority.” Regional and Federal Studies, Vol. 31. DOI: 10.1080/13597566.2020.1831476 Introduction ....................................................................................................................6 Albania ............................................................................................................................7 Argentina ...................................................................................................................... 10 Australia ....................................................................................................................... 12 Austria .......................................................................................................................... 14 Bahamas ....................................................................................................................... 16 Bangladesh ..................................................................................................................