DOCSLIB.ORG

Ijlsni/Leitswnif C)F GRADUATE COLLEGE BIOSYSTEMATICS OF

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

IJlSni/lEItSWnif C)F GRADUATE COLLEGE BIOSYSTEMATICS OF NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF (LAMIALES) A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE FACULTY in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY By PHILLIP TERRY CRAWFORD Norman, Oklahoma 2003 UMI Number: 3109064 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 3109064 Copyright 2004 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Copyright by PHILLIP TERRY CRAWFORD 2003 All Rights Reserved. BIOSYSTEMATICS OF NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF (LAMIALES) A DISSERTATION APPROVED FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY AND MICROBIOLOGY BY r. jÆ lisens, CommitteCommittee chair Ml. Dr. Ola M. Fincke c Slo/arla Dr. Gordon E. Uno Dr. Linda L. Wallace ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This research project was funded through grants provided to the primary author by the University of Oklahoma Graduate Student Senate. Additional research funds were provided through a National Science Foundation grant BSR-8708369 to Dr. Wayne J. Elisens. I would like to recognize the members of my graduate committee for their critical reviews of this project. In addition, Dr. Scott Russell made available microscopes and imagingequipment in the Samuel Roberts Noble Electron Microscopy Laboratory; Mr. Bill Chissoe and Mr. Greg Strout provided advice and assistance in the operation of that equipment. Dr. Gordon Uno provided the use of a controlled-environment chamber and support through summer assistantships. Mr. Dan Hough provided invaluable assistance with computers and software. IV TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF APPENDICES x ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION xi CHAPTER I. Genetic Variation and Reproductive Biology of North American species of Nuttallanthus (Lamiales) 1 Abstract 2 Introduction 4 Materials and Methods 7 Results 12 Discussion 19 Literature Cited 31 Tables 38 Figures 53 Appendices 59 CHAPTER n. Morphological Variation and Systematics o f North American species of Nuttallanthus (Lamiales) 81 Abstract 82 Introduction 84 Materials and Methods 87 Page Results 91 Discussion 96 Literature Cited 100 Tables 104 Figures 117 Appendix 133 VI LIST OF TABLES Page CHAPTER I. Genetic Variation and Reproductive Biology of North American species o îNuttallanthus (Lamiales) 1. Collection data for populations of three species examined for isozyme variation 38 2. Genetic identity coefficients among populations 43 3. Summary of allozyme variation 44 4. Nei's genetic diversity statistics 49 5. Observed and expected frequencies of heterozygotes 50 6. Wright’s F statistics 51 7. Intra- and interspecific seed production following controlled pollinations 52 CHAPTER II. Morphological Variation and Systematics of North American species of Nuttallanthus (Lamiales) 1. Collection data for populations of three Nuttallanthus species examined for morphological and chromosome number variation 104 2. Morphological characters examined 109 3. Descriptive statistics for morphological characters 112 4. Discriminant function analysis of morphological characters 116 vii LIST OF FIGURES Page CHAPTER I. Genetic Variation and Reproductive Biology of North American species of Nuttallanthus (Lamiales) 1. Collection localities for populations of three Nuttallanthus species examined for isozyme variation 53 2. UPGMA phenogram of populations derived from Nei’s (1972) genetic identity 55 3. Three-dimensional plot of MDS analysis of Nei’s (1972) genetic identities 57 CHAPTER n. Morphological Variation and Systematics of North American species of Awrtu/ZuMtAwj' (Lamiales) 1. Collection localities for populations of three Nuttallanthus species examined for morphological and chromosome number variation 117 2. SEM micrograph of whole seed of Nuttallanthus canadensis 119 3. SEM micrograph of longitudinal ridge and face on seed of 119 4. SEM micrograph of distal end of seed of AwiZaZZoM^Aws' 119 V lll Page 5. SEM micrograph of unicellular papilla on seed of Nuttallanthus canadensis 119 6. SEM micrograph of whole seed of AWfaZ/anfAity 121 7. SEM micrograph of multicellular tubercles on seed of Nuttallanthus texanus 121 8. SEM micrograph of whole seed of Nuttallanthus texanus 121 9. SEM micrograph of longitudinal ridge on seed of TVwMaZZantAfty teuranwg 121 10. SEM micrograph of whole seed of yZonWaMw,; 123 11. SEM micrograph of distal end of seed of 123 12. Two-dimensional plot of PC A analysis of 35 reproductive and vegetative characters 125 13. Two-dimensional plot of PC A analysis of 26 reproductive characters 125 14. Two-dimensional plot of PC A analysis of 9 vegetative characters 127 15. Two-dimensional plot of PCA analysis of population means 127 IX Page 16. Three-dimensional plot of PC A analysis of population means of 35 reproductive and vegetative characters 129 17. UPGMA phenogram of populations derived from average taxonomic distance 131 LIST OF APPENDICES CHAPTER I. Genetic Variation and Reproductive Biology of North American species of Nuttallanthus (Lamiales) 1. Diagrams of composite banding patterns of alleles of scored loci 59 2. Genotype data for loci from 60 populations of three species of AwfW/aMfAwj: 61 3. Summary allele frequencies for 14 loci in three species of Vw/ta/ZantAwi' 75 4. Fixation indices for 14 loci in 42 populations of three species of 77 CHAPTER n. Morphological Variation and Systematics of North American species of Nuttallanthus (Lamiales) 1. Eigenvalues and loadings from principal component analysis of morphological variation 133 ABSTRACT OF DISSERTATION The native North American toadflaxes comprise a morphologically variable complex of herbaceous plants that have been collectively recognized as a section of Linaria (Linaria section Leptoplectron) or a distinct genus {Nuttallanthus D. Sutton) and individually assigned to specific or varietal rank. High levels of intraspecific morphological variation and intergradation in the morphological characters used to distinguish among these taxa have led to diverse taxonomic treatments of the members of this group. This study represents the first use of enzyme electrophoresis to examine patterns of genetic variation in this species complex. Despite their wide geographic distribution and showy, fragrant flowers (seemingly adapted for insect pollination and outbreeding) the extent and distribution of genetic variation at the populational level was similar to that of narrowly distributed, autogamous species; a low level of detected heterozygotes suggested a high degree of inbreeding in these taxa. Field and greenhouse breeding-system studies indicated that individuals of all three species were entirely self­ compatible and that the primary reproductive strategy of these taxa involved cleistogamy and self-pollination. No hand-performed cross pollinations among species resulted in the successful development of capsules and seeds, indicating that these species were reproductively isolated in areas of sympatry. Univariate and multivariate analyses of morphological characters measured from field-collected samples revealed significant morphological gaps among taxa and consistently separated samples into three primary clusters corresponding to the currently circumscribed species; strong and significant correlations between patterns of morphological and genetic variation were observed among populations and species. The observed morphological discontinuities separating XI groups in this genus and the close correspondence of extensive morphological and genetic gaps among these taxa are concordant with the observed cross-incompatibility among species; these results strongly support the recognition of three species in North American Due to similar genetic divergence values among species, phylogenetic relationships in Nuttallanthus remain unresolved. Patterns of genetic and morphological differentiation within and among these species suggests a long history of reproductive isolation due to biotic and paleogeographic barriers to gene flow. xn CHAPTER 1. GENETIC VARIATION AND REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES OF (LAMIALES) ABSTRACT The native North American toadflaxes comprise a morphologically variable complex of taxa that have been collectively recognized as a section of linann (Zmonn section or a distinct genns D. Sutton) and individually assigned to specific or varietal rank. To assess patterns of genetic variation within and among species, starch gel electrophoresis was employed to examine 15 scorable isozyme loci for 50 populations. Species are widely distributed geographically, occur in structurally-homogeneous populations ranging in size from one to thousands of individuals, and possess showy, fragrant flowers seemingly adapted for insect pollination and outbreeding. Despite these characteristics, the amount and apportionment of genetic variation within and among populations was similar to that of narrowly distributed, autogamous species.
Recommended publications
  • Conceptual Design Documentation

    Conceptual Design Documentation

    Appendix A: Conceptual Design Documentation APPENDIX A Conceptual Design Documentation June 2019 A-1 APPENDIX A: CONCEPTUAL DESIGN DOCUMENTATION The environmental analyses in the NEPA and CEQA documents for the proposed improvements at Oceano County Airport (the Airport) are based on conceptual designs prepared to provide a realistic basis for assessing their environmental consequences. 1. Widen runway from 50 to 60 feet 2. Widen Taxiways A, A-1, A-2, A-3, and A-4 from 20 to 25 feet 3. Relocate segmented circle and wind cone 4. Installation of taxiway edge lighting 5. Installation of hold position signage 6. Installation of a new electrical vault and connections 7. Installation of a pollution control facility (wash rack) CIVIL ENGINEERING CALCULATIONS The purpose of this conceptual design effort is to identify the amount of impervious surface, grading (cut and fill) and drainage implications of the projects identified above. The conceptual design calculations detailed in the following figures indicate that Projects 1 and 2, widening the runways and taxiways would increase the total amount of impervious surface on the Airport by 32,016 square feet, or 0.73 acres; a 6.6 percent increase in the Airport’s impervious surface area. Drainage patterns would remain the same as both the runway and taxiways would continue to sheet flow from their centerlines to the edge of pavement and then into open, grassed areas. The existing drainage system is able to accommodate the modest increase in stormwater runoff that would occur, particularly as soil conditions on the Airport are conducive to infiltration. Figure A-1 shows the locations of the seven projects incorporated in the Proposed Action.
  • Resilient Plants for the Beach Communities

    Resilient Plants for the Beach Communities

    Resilient Plants for the Beach Communities 1 | Page Table of Contents Native Plants for Costal Dunes............................................................................................ 4 Grasses and Grass like Plants .......................................................................................... 5 Ammophila breviligulata ............................................................................................. 6 Panicum amarum ‘var. arnaruium’ ............................................................................. 7 Panicum virgatum ....................................................................................................... 8 Spartina patens ........................................................................................................... 9 Herbaceous Plants ........................................................................................................ 10 Baptisia tinctoria ....................................................................................................... 11 Liatris pilosa v. pilosa (graminifolia) ......................................................................... 12 Nuttallanthus canadensis.......................................................................................... 13 Oenothera biennis .................................................................................................... 14 Opuntia compressa ................................................................................................... 15 Solidago sempervirens .............................................................................................
  • Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plant List

    Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plant List

    UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve Plants Below is the most recently updated plant list for UCSC Fort Ord Natural Reserve. * non-native taxon ? presence in question Listed Species Information: CNPS Listed - as designated by the California Rare Plant Ranks (formerly known as CNPS Lists). More information at http://www.cnps.org/cnps/rareplants/ranking.php Cal IPC Listed - an inventory that categorizes exotic and invasive plants as High, Moderate, or Limited, reflecting the level of each species' negative ecological impact in California. More information at http://www.cal-ipc.org More information about Federal and State threatened and endangered species listings can be found at https://www.fws.gov/endangered/ (US) and http://www.dfg.ca.gov/wildlife/nongame/ t_e_spp/ (CA). FAMILY NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME LISTED Ferns AZOLLACEAE - Mosquito Fern American water fern, mosquito fern, Family Azolla filiculoides ? Mosquito fern, Pacific mosquitofern DENNSTAEDTIACEAE - Bracken Hairy brackenfern, Western bracken Family Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens fern DRYOPTERIDACEAE - Shield or California wood fern, Coastal wood wood fern family Dryopteris arguta fern, Shield fern Common horsetail rush, Common horsetail, field horsetail, Field EQUISETACEAE - Horsetail Family Equisetum arvense horsetail Equisetum telmateia ssp. braunii Giant horse tail, Giant horsetail Pentagramma triangularis ssp. PTERIDACEAE - Brake Family triangularis Gold back fern Gymnosperms CUPRESSACEAE - Cypress Family Hesperocyparis macrocarpa Monterey cypress CNPS - 1B.2, Cal IPC
  • ISB: Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants

    ISB: Atlas of Florida Vascular Plants

    Longleaf Pine Preserve Plant List Acanthaceae Asteraceae Wild Petunia Ruellia caroliniensis White Aster Aster sp. Saltbush Baccharis halimifolia Adoxaceae Begger-ticks Bidens mitis Walter's Viburnum Viburnum obovatum Deer Tongue Carphephorus paniculatus Pineland Daisy Chaptalia tomentosa Alismataceae Goldenaster Chrysopsis gossypina Duck Potato Sagittaria latifolia Cow Thistle Cirsium horridulum Tickseed Coreopsis leavenworthii Altingiaceae Elephant's foot Elephantopus elatus Sweetgum Liquidambar styraciflua Oakleaf Fleabane Erigeron foliosus var. foliosus Fleabane Erigeron sp. Amaryllidaceae Prairie Fleabane Erigeron strigosus Simpson's rain lily Zephyranthes simpsonii Fleabane Erigeron vernus Dog Fennel Eupatorium capillifolium Anacardiaceae Dog Fennel Eupatorium compositifolium Winged Sumac Rhus copallinum Dog Fennel Eupatorium spp. Poison Ivy Toxicodendron radicans Slender Flattop Goldenrod Euthamia caroliniana Flat-topped goldenrod Euthamia minor Annonaceae Cudweed Gamochaeta antillana Flag Pawpaw Asimina obovata Sneezeweed Helenium pinnatifidum Dwarf Pawpaw Asimina pygmea Blazing Star Liatris sp. Pawpaw Asimina reticulata Roserush Lygodesmia aphylla Rugel's pawpaw Deeringothamnus rugelii Hempweed Mikania cordifolia White Topped Aster Oclemena reticulata Apiaceae Goldenaster Pityopsis graminifolia Button Rattlesnake Master Eryngium yuccifolium Rosy Camphorweed Pluchea rosea Dollarweed Hydrocotyle sp. Pluchea Pluchea spp. Mock Bishopweed Ptilimnium capillaceum Rabbit Tobacco Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium Blackroot Pterocaulon virgatum
  • Species List For: Labarque Creek CA 750 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location 4/19/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey

    Species List For: Labarque Creek CA 750 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location 4/19/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey

    Species List for: LaBarque Creek CA 750 Species Jefferson County Date Participants Location 4/19/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey 5/15/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey 5/16/2006 Nels Holmberg, George Yatskievych, and Rex Plant Survey Hill 5/22/2006 Nels Holmberg and WGNSS Botany Group Plant Survey 5/6/2006 Nels Holmberg Plant Survey Multiple Visits Nels Holmberg, John Atwood and Others LaBarque Creek Watershed - Bryophytes Bryophte List compiled by Nels Holmberg Multiple Visits Nels Holmberg and Many WGNSS and MONPS LaBarque Creek Watershed - Vascular Plants visits from 2005 to 2016 Vascular Plant List compiled by Nels Holmberg Species Name (Synonym) Common Name Family COFC COFW Acalypha monococca (A. gracilescens var. monococca) one-seeded mercury Euphorbiaceae 3 5 Acalypha rhomboidea rhombic copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 1 3 Acalypha virginica Virginia copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 2 3 Acer negundo var. undetermined box elder Sapindaceae 1 0 Acer rubrum var. undetermined red maple Sapindaceae 5 0 Acer saccharinum silver maple Sapindaceae 2 -3 Acer saccharum var. undetermined sugar maple Sapindaceae 5 3 Achillea millefolium yarrow Asteraceae/Anthemideae 1 3 Actaea pachypoda white baneberry Ranunculaceae 8 5 Adiantum pedatum var. pedatum northern maidenhair fern Pteridaceae Fern/Ally 6 1 Agalinis gattingeri (Gerardia) rough-stemmed gerardia Orobanchaceae 7 5 Agalinis tenuifolia (Gerardia, A. tenuifolia var. common gerardia Orobanchaceae 4 -3 macrophylla) Ageratina altissima var. altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) white snakeroot Asteraceae/Eupatorieae 2 3 Agrimonia parviflora swamp agrimony Rosaceae 5 -1 Agrimonia pubescens downy agrimony Rosaceae 4 5 Agrimonia rostellata woodland agrimony Rosaceae 4 3 Agrostis elliottiana awned bent grass Poaceae/Aveneae 3 5 * Agrostis gigantea redtop Poaceae/Aveneae 0 -3 Agrostis perennans upland bent Poaceae/Aveneae 3 1 Allium canadense var.
  • Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife

    Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife

    Natural Heritage Wild Pink & Endangered Species Silene caroliniana Walt. Program ssp. pensylvanica (Michx.) Clausen www.mass.gov/nhesp State Status: None Massachusetts Division of Fisheries & Wildlife Federal Status: none DESCRIPTION: Wild Pink is a colorful, late-spring, perennial wildflower that grows at the edge of woods, along paths, and in areas not in deep shade. It is best found at the end of May or very early June when the bright pink (sometimes white) flowers are in full display. The flowering period lasts about 12 days. The plant grows in a clump and is about 20 cm (8 inches) in height. There are many leaves at the base of the plant and a pair of opposite, sessile leaves along the stem. The leaves are entire (no teeth along the margins), and the basal leaves are oblanceolate (the end of the leaf is wider than the base). The leaves are up to 12 cm (almost 5 inches) long and vary from 12 to 30 mm (about a half to one inch) wide, and glabrous (without hairs) on both surfaces, with the margins and veins of the leaf pubescent on the lower surface. The petals in this family (the pink family, or Caryophyllaceae) are separate. They appear to be fused into a tube, and the five-petal structure makes these look Photo by NHESP Staff like phlox, but the petals are not joined and can be pulled apart. The outer edge of the petals is not notched. The calyx is a tube of joined sepals which covers the base of the petals.
  • Native Plants of the Northern Neck

    Native Plants of the Northern Neck

    Native Plants of the Northern Neck Plant NNK Natives Go Native – Grow Native Plant NNK Natives 1 Go Native – Grow Native Monarch Butterflies Need Your Help! Grow Some Milkweed Monarch butterfly populations have dramatically declined over the past few years for several reasons. One very important reason is the lack of milkweed plants in their breeding areas including the Northern Neck! Why do monarchs need milkweed to survive? They lay their eggs on milkweed and that is the only food their caterpillars will eat. Monarchs face other challenges, too. They migrate huge distances, which is very risky, and when they get to their wintering grounds, they often find that habitat diminished. So, monarchs need all the support they can get. You can help by growing milkweed and other native plants that provide nectar for the adults. Milkweeds native to the Northern Neck are: Asclepias incarnata, Swamp Milkweed, see page 17 Asclepias syriaca, Common Milkweed Asclepias tuberosa, Butterfly-weed, see page 17 For more information on Monarch Butterflies, see www.monarchwatch.org or http://www.dcr.virginia.gov/save-the-monarch.shtml. 2 Northern Neck Native Plants hether you want to put in a flower garden or insects obtain valuable food and shelter from native plants and, establish the landscape around your home there in turn, often serve as pollinators. Small mammals also find are many varieties of Northern Neck native plants sustenance from and seek the protection of native plants. Wfrom which to choose. Native plants not only offer practical, Although this guide is not comprehensive, the Northern Neck cost effective, environmental benefits over non-native plants native plants featured here were selected because they are but many provide an appealing display of foliage and flowers attractive, relatively easy for the home gardener to acquire, that surpass non-native ornamentals.
  • Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping Chesapeake Bay Watershed Acknowledgments

    Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping Chesapeake Bay Watershed Acknowledgments

    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Native Plants for Wildlife Habitat and Conservation Landscaping Chesapeake Bay Watershed Acknowledgments Contributors: Printing was made possible through the generous funding from Adkins Arboretum; Baltimore County Department of Environmental Protection and Resource Management; Chesapeake Bay Trust; Irvine Natural Science Center; Maryland Native Plant Society; National Fish and Wildlife Foundation; The Nature Conservancy, Maryland-DC Chapter; U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service, Cape May Plant Materials Center; and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office. Reviewers: species included in this guide were reviewed by the following authorities regarding native range, appropriateness for use in individual states, and availability in the nursery trade: Rodney Bartgis, The Nature Conservancy, West Virginia. Ashton Berdine, The Nature Conservancy, West Virginia. Chris Firestone, Bureau of Forestry, Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. Chris Frye, State Botanist, Wildlife and Heritage Service, Maryland Department of Natural Resources. Mike Hollins, Sylva Native Nursery & Seed Co. William A. McAvoy, Delaware Natural Heritage Program, Delaware Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Control. Mary Pat Rowan, Landscape Architect, Maryland Native Plant Society. Rod Simmons, Maryland Native Plant Society. Alison Sterling, Wildlife Resources Section, West Virginia Department of Natural Resources. Troy Weldy, Associate Botanist, New York Natural Heritage Program, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation. Graphic Design and Layout: Laurie Hewitt, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Chesapeake Bay Field Office. Special thanks to: Volunteer Carole Jelich; Christopher F. Miller, Regional Plant Materials Specialist, Natural Resource Conservation Service; and R. Harrison Weigand, Maryland Department of Natural Resources, Maryland Wildlife and Heritage Division for assistance throughout this project.
  • The Vascular Flora of the Red Hills Forever Wild Tract, Monroe County, Alabama

    The Vascular Flora of the Red Hills Forever Wild Tract, Monroe County, Alabama

    The Vascular Flora of the Red Hills Forever Wild Tract, Monroe County, Alabama T. Wayne Barger1* and Brian D. Holt1 1Alabama State Lands Division, Natural Heritage Section, Department of Conservation and Natural Resources, Montgomery, AL 36130 *Correspondence: wayne [email protected] Abstract provides public lands for recreational use along with con- servation of vital habitat. Since its inception, the Forever The Red Hills Forever Wild Tract (RHFWT) is a 1785 ha Wild Program, managed by the Alabama Department of property that was acquired in two purchases by the State of Conservation and Natural Resources (AL-DCNR), has pur- Alabama Forever Wild Program in February and Septem- chased approximately 97 500 ha (241 000 acres) of land for ber 2010. The RHFWT is characterized by undulating general recreation, nature preserves, additions to wildlife terrain with steep slopes, loblolly pine plantations, and management areas and state parks. For each Forever Wild mixed hardwood floodplain forests. The property lies tract purchased, a management plan providing guidelines 125 km southwest of Montgomery, AL and is managed by and recommendations for the tract must be in place within the Alabama Department of Conservation and Natural a year of acquisition. The 1785 ha (4412 acre) Red Hills Resources with an emphasis on recreational use and habi- Forever Wild Tract (RHFWT) was acquired in two sepa- tat management. An intensive floristic study of this area rate purchases in February and September 2010, in part was conducted from January 2011 through June 2015. A to provide protected habitat for the federally listed Red total of 533 taxa (527 species) from 323 genera and 120 Hills Salamander (Phaeognathus hubrichti Highton).
  • Shared Flora of the Alta and Baja California Pacific Islands

    Shared Flora of the Alta and Baja California Pacific Islands

    Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist Volume 7 8th California Islands Symposium Article 12 9-25-2014 Island specialists: shared flora of the Alta and Baja California Pacific slI ands Sarah E. Ratay University of California, Los Angeles, [email protected] Sula E. Vanderplank Botanical Research Institute of Texas, 1700 University Dr., Fort Worth, TX, [email protected] Benjamin T. Wilder University of California, Riverside, CA, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/mwnan Recommended Citation Ratay, Sarah E.; Vanderplank, Sula E.; and Wilder, Benjamin T. (2014) "Island specialists: shared flora of the Alta and Baja California Pacific slI ands," Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist: Vol. 7 , Article 12. Available at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/mwnan/vol7/iss1/12 This Monograph is brought to you for free and open access by the Western North American Naturalist Publications at BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist by an authorized editor of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Monographs of the Western North American Naturalist 7, © 2014, pp. 161–220 ISLAND SPECIALISTS: SHARED FLORA OF THE ALTA AND BAJA CALIFORNIA PACIFIC ISLANDS Sarah E. Ratay1, Sula E. Vanderplank2, and Benjamin T. Wilder3 ABSTRACT.—The floristic connection between the mediterranean region of Baja California and the Pacific islands of Alta and Baja California provides insight into the history and origin of the California Floristic Province. We present updated species lists for all California Floristic Province islands and demonstrate the disjunct distributions of 26 taxa between the Baja California and the California Channel Islands.
  • An Illustrated Key to the Alberta Figworts & Allies

    An Illustrated Key to the Alberta Figworts & Allies

    AN ILLUSTRATED KEY TO THE ALBERTA FIGWORTS & ALLIES OROBANCHACEAE PHRYMACEAE PLANTAGINACEAE SCROPHULARIACEAE Compiled and writen by Lorna Allen & Linda Kershaw April 2019 © Linda J. Kershaw & Lorna Allen Key to Figwort and Allies Families In the past few years, the families Orobanchaceae, Plantaginaceae and Scrophulariaceae have under- gone some major revision and reorganization. Most of the species in the Scrophulariaceae in the Flora of Alberta (1983) are now in the Orobanchaceae and Plantaginaceae. For this reason, we’ve grouped the Orobanchaceae, Plantaginaceae, Phrymaceae and Scrophulariaceae together in this fle. In addition, species previously placed in the Callitrichaceae and Hippuridaceae families are now included in the Plantaginaceae family. 01a Plants aquatic, with many or all leaves submersed and limp when taken from the 1a water; leaves paired or in rings (whorled) on the stem, all or mostly linear (foating leaves sometimes spatula- to egg-shaped); fowers tiny (1-2 mm), single or clustered in leaf axils; petals and sepals absent or sepals fused in a cylinder around the ovary; stamens 0-1 . Plantaginaceae (in part) . - Callitriche, Hippuris 01b Plants emergent wetland species (with upper stems and leaves held above water) or upland species with self-supporting stems and leaves; leaves not as above; fowers larger, single or in clusters; petals and sepals present; stamens 2-4 (Hippuris sometimes emergent, but leaves/ fowers distinctive) . .02 2a 02a Plants without green leaves . Orobanchaceae (in part) . - Aphyllon [Orobanche], Boschniakia 02b Plants with green leaves . 03 03a Leaves all basal (sometimes small, unstalked stem leaves present), undivided (simple), with edges ± smooth or blunt-toothed; fowers small (2-5 mm wide), corollas radially symmetrical, sometimes absent.
  • Ecological Checklist of the Missouri Flora for Floristic Quality Assessment

    Ecological Checklist of the Missouri Flora for Floristic Quality Assessment

    Ladd, D. and J.R. Thomas. 2015. Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora for Floristic Quality Assessment. Phytoneuron 2015-12: 1–274. Published 12 February 2015. ISSN 2153 733X ECOLOGICAL CHECKLIST OF THE MISSOURI FLORA FOR FLORISTIC QUALITY ASSESSMENT DOUGLAS LADD The Nature Conservancy 2800 S. Brentwood Blvd. St. Louis, Missouri 63144 [email protected] JUSTIN R. THOMAS Institute of Botanical Training, LLC 111 County Road 3260 Salem, Missouri 65560 [email protected] ABSTRACT An annotated checklist of the 2,961 vascular taxa comprising the flora of Missouri is presented, with conservatism rankings for Floristic Quality Assessment. The list also provides standardized acronyms for each taxon and information on nativity, physiognomy, and wetness ratings. Annotated comments for selected taxa provide taxonomic, floristic, and ecological information, particularly for taxa not recognized in recent treatments of the Missouri flora. Synonymy crosswalks are provided for three references commonly used in Missouri. A discussion of the concept and application of Floristic Quality Assessment is presented. To accurately reflect ecological and taxonomic relationships, new combinations are validated for two distinct taxa, Dichanthelium ashei and D. werneri , and problems in application of infraspecific taxon names within Quercus shumardii are clarified. CONTENTS Introduction Species conservatism and floristic quality Application of Floristic Quality Assessment Checklist: Rationale and methods Nomenclature and taxonomic concepts Synonymy Acronyms Physiognomy, nativity, and wetness Summary of the Missouri flora Conclusion Annotated comments for checklist taxa Acknowledgements Literature Cited Ecological checklist of the Missouri flora Table 1. C values, physiognomy, and common names Table 2. Synonymy crosswalk Table 3. Wetness ratings and plant families INTRODUCTION This list was developed as part of a revised and expanded system for Floristic Quality Assessment (FQA) in Missouri.