To see other plants that grow wild on the Trail, visit www.scnps.org/swamprabbit What is a native plant? In general, plants are VINES considered to be native to this area if they occurred To learn more about these and other wild plants and the natural communities Swamp Rabbit plants growing in the Carolinas here before Europeans arrived. Over thousands of years, Carolina Jessamine, they are a part of, join South Carolina Native Plant Society members at a field trip, workday, native flora and fauna have developed complex inter- Yellow Jessamine o plant rescue, or lecture. Visit www.scnps.org to see what’s going on! dependencies that we are only beginning to understand. Gelsemium sempervirens. The bright yellow since before the time of Columbus trumpet-shaped flowers of South Carolina’s state flower bloom on this evergreen twining vine in early spring. The entire plant is toxic, containing strychnine-related chemicals. FERNS FORBS/HERBS Carolina Moonseed o g Cocculus carolinus. A perennial woody vine Christmas Fern o i Bunched Arrowhead o Sagittaria fasciculata. f Wild Strawberry o Small’s Ragwort o f Hollow-stem Joe Pye Weed o with attractive bunches of dark to translucent Polystichum acrostichoides. A widespread A globally rare, federally protected plant known Fragaria virginiana. Domestic strawberries are Packera anonyma. A rich golden- Eutrochium fistulosum. Plants reach 8-10’ tall and red berries. Good late-season bird food. evergreen fern that holds its fronds upright to occur in only 3 counties, northern Greenvile hybrids of this wild native yellow commonly seen on mowed bear a large loose crowning cluster of showy pink for most of the year. Leaflets (“pinnae”) County being its epicenter. Its seepage habitat is and a European species. Its roadsides in early spring, with blossoms, which attract butterflies, bees and many f Groundnut o are said to resemble Christmas stockings. very threatened, and Travelers Rest is home to a leaves have 3 leaflets, which are hairy tufted seeds spread by wind. other nectar feeders. Leaves are arranged in whorls. Apios americana. Perennial leguminous vine with 180-acre Bunched Arrowhead Heritage Preserve. toothed; the flowers are white; its pinnately compound leaves (5-7 leaf- Ebony Spleenwort o g fruit is red and quite sweet when ripe! Hemp Dogbane, f New York lets), dense clusters of interesting Asplenium platyneuron. Fronds vaguely Common Cattail o k Indian Hemp o g Ironweed o burgundy flowers, similar to those of Christmas Fern, but smaller Typha latifolia. The male flowers at tips of young Tick-trefoils, Beggar’s Lice o g Apocynum cannabinum. Mature Vernonia noveboracensis. and edible bean B (and without stalks are high in protein and good in pancakes; female Desmodium spp. Small pink pea-like flowers give rise stems commonly red and with Tall (3-6’) perennial with pods and under- “Christmas stock- flowers below can be steamed and eaten like corn on the cob. to racemes of small fruits covered with dense hooked long tough fibers that Native alternate leaves, topped ground tubers. ings”), its fertile hairs which can stick to clothing, pets, etc., as a seed Americans twisted into cord- with clusters of intensely fronds rigidly up- l Duck Potato o Sagittaria latifolia. dispersal strategy. Common in forest edges. age. A milkweed relative, with milky sap. purple blooms. Moist sites. Butterfly-pea(s)oo g right. Evergreen. Also known as Broadleaf Arrowhead, Centrosema virginianum (A) & this has arrow-shaped leaves and Toothed Spurge o g Milkweed o g Clitoria mariana (B). Two very similar viny perennial Sensitive Fern o stalks of small white 3-petaled Euphorbia dentata. A cousin to our Christmas Asclepias spp. Milkweed flowers produce copi- Boneset Eupatorium spp. o g legumes. Both have large (to 1.5”) light purple to A Onoclea sensibilis. flowers. Indigenous Poinsettias. Flowers are small greenish ous amounts of nectar and are very popular Hyssopleaf Boneset, Roundleaf Boneset and blue pea flowers, butCentrosema Sensitive to cold, not to peoples used its under- cup-shaped structures called cyathia, and with pollinating insects. Its toxic alkaloids Late-flowering Boneset are some of the Bonesets forms long (to 5”) flattened beanlike touch, this is sometimes confused with Netted water tubers as food. leaves surrounding them may provide protection to those insects that have on the Trail. The name comes from its use as a pods and long climbing vines. Clitoria’s pods are Chain Fern. They both prefer wettish places. be splashed with color, looking adapted to feed on it, such as the Monarch folk medicine to reduce shorter, and it tends to trail not climb. Little Sweet Betsy Trillium o like flower petals. Mildly toxic butterfly (for which it is the fevers, especially flu’s f Netted Chain Fern o Trillium cuneatum. Several Trillium species milky sap oozes from a torn leaf or cut stem. primary host plant). At least 2 “bonebreak” fevers. f Greenbrier o Woodwardia areolata. Pinnae (the frond’s occur in the Upstate, all with just 3 leaves, species are found on the Trail. Smilax spp. There are several Smilax divisions) of Sensitive Fern tend to be opposite, 3 sepals, and 3 petals. Plants are usually 5-7 years old before they f Orange Jewelweed o Impatiens capensis. f Daisy species on the SRT that are very spiny; others wavy-edged, and blunt, whereas those of Netted Chain Fern are more flower and may live over 100 years. Also called “Touch-me-not”, because ripe seeds explode Fleabane o have only a few spines. They can climb high into out of its seed pods when touched. Flowers have a large f Oldfield Toadflax o often alternate, pointy-tipped, and with straightish margins. Nuttallanthus canadensis, Linaria canadensis. That lavender Erigeron annuus & E. trees and form impenetrable barriers. nectar-laden spur in back and are pollinated by hum- f Solomon’s Seal o mist hovering low across a field in April might, upon closer strigosus. Two very similar old field annuals, 2-3’ tall Polygonatum biflorum. Solomon Seal’s mingbirds and bees. Closely related to garden Impatiens. inspection, prove to be a swath of small plants with numerous nickel-sized composite flower heads. f o spreading leaves almost hide the bell-like Muscadine GRASSES (that someone thought resembled flax) with Muscadinia rotundifolia (Vitis rotundifolia). flowers that dangle from its arching stem. f Swamp Rose-mallow o tiny purplish flowers (that someone thought Frost Aster Symphyotrichum pilosum The source of much good wine and jelly, as well Hibiscus moscheutos. Can grow very tall in sunny wet River Oats, Fish-on-a-line o resembled toads). S. lateriflorum as an important wildlife food, this native grape places. Large showy flowers with 5 white petals and a & Calico Aster o Chasmanthium latifolium. The name Fish- Pokeweed o m Similar to the daisy fleabanes, but peren- is usually dark purple when ripe, sweet but with Phytolacca americana. Grows to 6’ tall, red/purple center. Hummers and bees enjoy their nectar. on-a-line comes from the resemblance nial, with fewer, wider rays and smaller tough skin. Fruit of the Scuppernong variety (the with fleshy red stems and large leaves. Allegheny Monkey-flower o g of its flower head to a stringer of Mimulus ringens. The lavender flowers have a disks than those of fleabanes. state fruit of NC) is greenish or bronze when ripe. Its glossy black berries with deep perch. A relative of the Sea Oats Dooryard Violet o g small upper lip and larger lower lip, giving them Other native grapes red juice are relished by birds and Viola sororia. Also called Common Blue Violet. found on sea-side dunes. a “monkey face” appearance; in fact, the name (Vitis spp.) also oc- spread widely. Toxic to humans. Flower color varies from solid dark purple even to f Tall Goldenrod o Mimulus is derived from the Solidago altissima. Tall Goldenrod (South Carolina’s offi- cur on the Trail. white, and the 2 side petals have delicate hairs at Yellow Indiangrass o Sorghastrum nutans. Latin “mimus” for comic actor or cal state wildflower) is the Goldenrod most often seen their base (beards). Heart-shaped leaves grow in An important species of the tall-grass prairies f Spatterdock, mime! A wetland plant, to 3-4’ tall. on the Trail. Goldenrods are often accused of causing o rosettes from underground stems (rhizomes). Passionflower, Maypop of the Midwest, this is SC’s official state Yellow Pond Lily o hay fever, but the guilty party is the inconspicuous wind- Passiflora incarnata. A perennial vine grass. It is found in every county in the state. Nuphar advena. A water plant with Carolina Wild Petunia o g pollinated Ragweed, which blooms at the same time. with large lobed leaves, best known small, ball-like, bright yellow flowers just Johnny-jump-up, Ruellia caroliniensis. This 1-2’ tall perennial for its large (to 3”), elaborately ornate Splitbeard Bluestem o i above floating heart-shaped leaves, Wild Pansy o g has lavender, funnel-shaped flowers. Often flowers and its melon-like fruit. Andropogon ternarius. You’ve probably seen which Native Americans used for dye Viola bicolor. In spring, this native violet ap- found in medium to dry soils at woods edge. its silvery seedheads along roadsides in early and to stop cuts from bleeding. pears to “jump-up” overnight! Small flowers Virginia Creeper o g fall. A closer look reveals with 5 pale blue petals grow from tips of upright Cardinal Flower o Parthenocissus quinquefolia. Often mistaken for stems that range in color Bloodroot o g stalks that bend at the top. Leaves deeply Lobelia cardinalis. Look for Poison Ivy, though its leaves have 5 leaflets, not from green to red to blue. Sanguinaria canadensis. This divided; flowers an attractive, tasty garnish. these vibrant red flowers Poison Ivy’s 3. Also called Five-fingered Ivy, it will spring-blooming native wildflower (the color of a Catholic grow as a ground cover as well as a climbing vine. Broomsedge has a long tradition of use in herbal lEastern Sensitive-briar o Cardinal’s robe) by woodland Sunflowers o k Bluestem o medicine. Its common name refers Mimosa microphylla. A plant with streams. A favorite of Ruby Helianthus spp. Purple-disc Sunflower, Woodland Sunflower, Hairy Eastern Poison Ivy o g Andropogon virginicus. Split- to the toxic red juice of its roots. leaves that fold up after being touched Throated Hummingbirds. Sunflower, and Jersalem Artichoke are some of the sunflowers found on Toxicodendron radicans. Young plants grow as beard’s attractive but less (thus, “sensitive”), prickly stems, and the Trail. Anywhere from 2-8’ tall, but all with yellow-gold ray flowers small shrubs, beginning to vine only when they showy cousin, Broomsedge Yellow Fumitory, Yellow Harlequin o g pink pompom-like flowers in summer. Downy Lobelia o in a circle around a compact set of disk flowers, good examples of the encounter a standing object. Leaves are trifoliate and is commonly seen in old Corydalis flavula. A plant with finely divided leaves and Lobelia puberula. Stems composite flower head structure that is typical in the Sunflower family. alternate on the stem. Sap contains an oily substance fields, the dried straw-colored blooms that may begin in late winter and continue through Tiny Bluet o g are covered with short soft called urushiol which is a serious allergen to many people, plants standing erect through winter. gg spring. In the same order as Poppies and containing many Houstonia pusilla. These small 4-petalled flowers can hairs (the species name puberula is from Latin “puber” Ditch Daisy o Bidens aristosa & B. polylepis. Ditch Daisy is the causing an itchy skin rash. Remember “leaves of three, toxic compounds. form conspicuous purple mats in fields and lawns in meaning “hairy”, and the root word for puberty). k exuberent yellow composite pictured on the cover of this brochure. let it be!” f Virginia spring. Member of the Coffee family. Wild-rye o Elymus virginicus. The TREES & SHRUBS flowering heads of this cool-season perennial f Sumac o Sassafras o g Silky Dogwood o g l Sweetgum o Black Walnut o g Winged Sumac (Rhus copallinum) and Smooth Sumac closely resemble the Sassafras albidum. Oil of Sassafras has been used Cornus amomum. Its flowers don’t have the Liquidambar styraciflua. Sweetgum’s Juglans nigra. Dyes made from Black (R. glabra) are both found along the Trail. In the fall, grain from which we get to flavor tobacco, root beer, and other beverages, showy white bracts of Flowering Dogwood, star-shaped leaves are pungently Walnut produce the dark brown in tra- leaves and fruit are a brilliant red; crushed fruits can rye bread (Secale cereal). Prefers moist shaded soaps and perfumes. Interestingly, its leaves may but the leaves are very similar. aromatic when crushed, with fall ditional Cherokee baskets, and its highly be mixed with sugar and water to make a beverage sites. have 3 lobes, no lobes, or may be shaped like a mitten. colors that can range from yellow to valued wood is used in furniture and gun akin to lemonade. red to deep purple all on one tree. A stocks. The leaves are strongly aromatic and River Cane o g f o Downy Serviceberry, favored host plant of the Luna moth. are often missing the terminal leaflet. Arundinaria gigantea. Hearts-a-bustin’ o Euonymus americanus. A straggly shrub with Sarvisberry, Shadbush Technically a grass, North Amelanchier arborea. One of the first native trees Tulip-tree, Yellow Poplar o k Mockernut Hickory o g green stems, inconspicuous flowers, and (in America’s native bamboo was to flower in the spring, blooming about the time Liriodendron tulipifera. Called “poplar” because its Carya tomentosa. Mockernut Hickory’s leaves fall) show-stopping warty red capsules used extensively by Native that the ground thawed enough to bury the dead wood resembles that of Poplar, and “tulip” because usually have 7 leaflets, are pleasantly aromatic, and that burst open to reveal orange- Americans to make household after a long cold winter — thus (some say) its of its showy tulip-shaped flowers (to see them, look turn a brilliant golden-yellow in the fall. Its nuts red seeds. items. It once formed huge name refers to funeral services. up). Its trunk is uncommonly straight; its leaves are large and thick-shelled with a kernel that is thickets (“canebrakes”) in f large, distinctively difficult to extricate (a “mocker” nut). The wood is floodplains. Blooms only every 5 to 15 years. American Black Cherry o m Common Silverbell o h shaped, and yellow in fall. strong and springy, unequaled for implements such as Beautyberry o Prunus serotina. Black Cherry Halesia tetraptera. Clusters of spectacular white axe handles. Other Hickory species can also be seen o g Callicarpa americana. Its is a favored host plant bells dangle from the branches of this understory f Sycamore o on the Trail. Silver Plumegrass tree in spring. The bark of young trees is distinc- h Sourwood o Saccharum alopecuroides. This Sugarcane relative is often small pinkish flowers are of the impressive Oxydendrum arbo- Platanus occidentalis. One tively striped. of the largest trees in the seen at the edge of wooded roadsides, its 5-8’ stems with nice, but it’s the deep violet Tiger Swallowtail reum. Look for a tree f American Beech o East, it can be recognized Fagus grandifolia. Beech is easy footlong silvery plumes that are hard to miss in the fall. fruit that catches your eye — and is caterpillar and is “decked out in pearls” even at a distance by its to spot in winter, because it consumed by over 40 species of songbirds. reported to support Pine o g in early summer, and Pines are cone- peeling multi-colored bark. often holds on to its leaves over 400 species of you may hear bees. bearing (thus until they are bleached Enjoy our native wildflowers, but f Eastern Blackberry o butterflies and moths. Here is the source “conifers”) and almost silver. Its bark is Rubus pensilvanicus (R. argutus). Blackberries and of the renowned f American Holly o evergreen, This is one of the smooth and gray, and please leave them for others to enjoy! dewberries are similar: both have armed stems f Judas Tree, sourwood honey. The Ilex opaca. with resinous most familiar trees in eastern the oily beechnuts are an and good-tasting fruit that ripens from red to leaves’ refreshingly Red Maple o h black. Blackberries tend to be erect or high- Eastern Redbud o wood and stiff, North America, its spiny ever- important wildlife food. Cercis canadensis. Those splashes of magenta- sour taste give the tree Acer rubrum. Red Maple This brochure produced by arching; dewberries lie somewhat prostrate. This needle-like leaves green leaves and bright red ber- pink along woodland margins in early spring may its common name. blooms as early as the South Carolina Native Plant Society, is the most common native blackberry in our area arranged in bundles. ries often be Redbud flowers, which put on quite a show January, the tiny red Oaks ooooo g working to preserve, protect & restore and on the Trail. Its flowers are white. Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda), used as Black Oak (Quercus velutina), Southern Red before the tree’s heart-shaped leaves emerge. flowers giving a hint and Virginia Pine (P. virginiana) are the Christmas Oak (Q. falcata), Post Oak (Q. stellata), White native plant communities in South Carolina. The flowers are edible with a slightly sweet, “raw of color to the gray predominant pines on the Trail. decorations. Oak (Q. alba), and Water Oak (Q. nigra) For more information, visit www.scnps.org Buttonbush o g green-bean” taste. treeline and providing Cephalanthus occidentalis. “Fragrant balls an early source of (pictured top to bottom) are some of the Photographs Keith Bradley, Ben G. Keys, Ron Lance, Janie of flowers resembling pin cushions” is Eastern Red Cedar o g Southern pollen and nectar for Oak species represented on the Trail. how one source described Buttonbush’s Flowering Dogwood o g Juniperus virginiana. Cedar is also a conifer, The Oaks are the predominant trees of Marlow, Steve Marlow, Patrick McMillan, Leslie J. Mehrhoff Cornus florida. What looks like a single flower Magnolia o g the bees. Its red and (UC, Bugwood.org), James H. Miller (USDA-NRCS PLANTS blooms, which butterflies delight in but its cones look a lot like blue berries and our area and can be divided into two major is actually a cluster of very tiny yellow blossoms Magnolia grandiflora. A tree yellow leaves are some Database), Joe Pollard, Sam Pratt, Barry Rice (sarracenia.com, during the summer. Look for this shrub its evergreen scale- and needle-like leaves groups: The red oak group bears acorns that surrounded by large white petal-like bracts (modified that has come to personify of the showiest in our Bugwood.org), Bill Sharpton, Marian St. Clair, Richard & Teresa Ware, in wet areas. are not in bundles. Cedar’s fragrant, durable mature in two years and leaves with bristles at the Dan Whitten; cover photo Steve Marlow. Text Jan Haldeman, Janie Marlow, Bill Stringer. leaves). It often blooms at the same time as the South, with large fragrant fall woodlands. wood is used for cedar chests, fence posts tips of the lobes; the white oak group bears acorns Map Steve Marlow. Concept and design Janie Marlow
that have naturalized along the Trail W naturalized plants are growing wild.
N Main u1 FERNS FORBS/HERBS VINES Travelers Rest 24 Center St 25 High School d State P R ark R o Woolly Mullein o g o i ey 2 d Japanese Climbing Fern f Henbit o Lamium amplexicaule. Kudzu an u English Ivy o (Asia) This unfern-like fern acts (Europe) Mullein’s soft (east Asia) Kudzu, Elh Lygodium japonicum. Verbascum thapsus. (Eurasia, northern Africa) The name “henbit” comes from Pueraria montana. Mc Travelers Rest Hedera helix. (Europe) more like a vine, with fronds that can reach 100’ fuzzy leaves and 3-6’ tall flower stalks the notion (maybe fact) that free-range chickens like to “the vine that ate the South”, is the This ground cover in length and climb high into trees. make it easy to recognize. Its seeds can eat the whole plant and its seeds. Rich in carotene, it gives poster child of invasive plants, but experts u3 u4 often seen in old (INVASIVE) remain viable for over a century. a nice dark yellow color to the yolks of a hen’s eggs. say it is actually one of the lesser threats established neighbor- — reasons include its intolerance of shade 25 hoods has escaped to White Dutch Clover o Lamium purpureum. and the fact that it drops its foliage after the Trailblazer smother neighboring Mariana f Purple Deadnettle o Park Trifolium (Eurasia) Deadnettle is closely related and often grows first frost. The flowers smell like grape kool-aid. woodlands. Once it Maiden Fern o repens. (Eurasia) (INVASIVE) with Henbit (as shown at left). The young fresh leaves of starts to climb, the Macrothelypteris torresiana. Clovers are legumes, one of the few groups (Asian & African tropics) With highly dissected (“lacy” or both can be used as pot herbs or in salads. shape of its leaves of plants with the ability to pull nitrogen bipinnate-pinnatifid), broadly triangular fronds up to 4’ changes and it enters out of the air and make it available to long, this is larger than any of the ferns native to this area. a flowering/fruiting other plants through the soil. Before the 26 Fig Buttercup, Roe Rd phase. (INVASIVE) introduction of broad-leaf herbicides, White Ford Lesser Celandine o g The Woodlands Dutch Clover was commonly included in at Furman Ficaria verna (Ranunculus ficaria). (Europe) In 276 GRASSES lawn seed mixes. Sweet Autumn Clematis o m 2013, a birder noticed this plant in the Reedy 25 Clematis terniflora. (east Asia) Introduced in 1864 as a fragrant River floodplain at Lake Conestee Nature Furman Sweet Vernal Grass o l o Golf ornamental. Almost 100 years went by before botanists began Anthoxanthum odoratum. (Europe) A Rabbitfoot Clover Park, its first documented occurrence in South Course finding it in the wild, but now it Trifolium arvense. (Mediterranean region) The flower D 27 sweet-smelling perennial grass and Carolina. This garden escape is turning into an u can be found throughout the East. heads of this Clover are grayish and n c Furman one of the first to flower in spring, its aggressive invasive that threatens bottomlands a It resembles the native Virgin’s n University furry, like a rabbit’s foot.... Cinnamon Vine, White Horse Rdd pollen is a major cause of spring hay throughout eastern North America. Watch a R C Clematis virginiana h Bower ( ), but e a u p fever. A common component of English video at http://scnps.org/citizen-science-invasive-fig-buttercup/ (INVASIVE) Chinese Yam o i g e ta l the leaves of C. terniflora are n d Rd Red Clover o g Dioscorea polystachya. (China) o R pastures and brought here for the M e leathery and untoothed. (INVASIVE) g Trifolium pratense. (Europe) d same purpose. o Sold as a fast-growing ornamental ri Even though the name says Queen Anne’s Lace, Wild Carrot 28 B Daucus carota. (Europe) An ancestor of the cultivated in the early 1900s, it wasn’t until s n d “red”, its flowers are pink. ki the 1980s that it was noticed in t R Japanese o carrot, this conspicuous introduced wildflower is a Japanese Stiltgrass W e Poinsett Hwy
established in 48 states, more common now than the the wild, where vines can quickly b Honeysuckle o m Microstegium vimineum. (tropical m
o Japanese Knotweed o m overgow shrubs and small trees. c Lonicera japonica. (east
southeast Asia) This annual grass very similar American Wild Carrot. n W u
Reynoutria japonica. (east Asia) B
arrived in North America as packing It reproduces both by seed and atkins Rd Asia) A vine so common d
Mortgage lenders in the United l O rabbit material. Virtually unknown in the 50s; by small potato-like aerial tubers. throughout the South Kingdom won’t grant a loan on H (INVASIVE) u that many people today extensive dense patches can be n 29 t properties infested with Japanese s 276 assume that it is found in almost every county from Mis- B 253 25 r
Knotweed, because its extensive rhi- i gs Rd d ulphur Sprin native (despite its sissippi to Connecticut. (INVASIVE) g S
zomes can cause structural damage and e name!), Japanese R
on the on Dandelion o it is very difficult to eradicate. (INVASIVE) d e Dr Honeysuckle o g Taraxacum officinale. Ridg Johnsongrass ue Cherrydale Bl overgrows small Wild plants Wild Sorghum halepense. (Eurasia) (Eurasia) Whenever Old W Sometimes mistaken for young you see “officinale” in a plant’s name, know that trees and smothers 183 30 Buncombe corn, this coarse, tall, fast-growing f Chamber Bitter o it was kept handy in the storeroom of medicines and herbaceous plants. Phyllanthus urinaria. (tropical southeast Asia) C Flowers very grass (to 8’) was originally imported other necessaries. Considered a weed by gardeners eda
r Rd Used in Asia to treat kidney stones and gall- L fragant. (INVASIVE) for forage. Unfortunately for grazing today, but so highly valued that European colonists an stones, better known here as a profusely seed- W e deliberately included seeds in their luggage. h R animals, injured or frost-damaged i t d ing, tenacious-rooted, warm-season annual e plants can contain deadly levels h Cat’s Ear o 31
weed. Be warned: Don’t let it go to seed! Hypochaeris radi- H 253 of cyanide. A very difficult weed Ox-eye Daisy o o r cata. (Eurasia) At a s in many row-crops and on many Leucanthemum vulgare. e What is an invasive plant? 5 Pete Hollis o i glance you would r u European Field Pansy D states’ noxious weed list. (INVASIVE) (Eurasia) Its flat flower R d e Blvd Viola arvensis. think this was a g An introduced plant heads with white rays id (Europe) Dandelion, but its R e that not only has o g and yellow centers make lu Golden Bamboo Similar to the B Rd this common plant easy hairy leaves give it Chinese Wisteria o m 25 32 Phyllostachys aurea. (China, Japan) Techni- amlett W W naturalized, but native Johnny- away. Wisteria sinensis. (China) Br R to recognize. e cally a grass, Golden Bamboo grows in e ashington Greenville see other d also is expanding jump-up ( Introduced in 1916 as an y dense evergreen thickets up to 30’ high, St side), but its flowers ornamental and still popular R its range into iv its hollow stems often used for cane Spotted e St are cream and yellow in the nursery trade, despite r St fishing poles. Of the various bamboos Bachelor’s Buttons o 385 natural areas and o St marked with purple. Knapweed being reported as invasive Hudson St Academy ton imported into the country, this is the one Centaurea cyanus. 33 E shing disrupting naturally Centaurea stoebe. from Massachusetts to Texas. Wa most often (Mediterranean Europe) i Main St Way (Europe) Flowers Cleveland d occurring native 1 f o The twining vines climb Church n Beefsteak-plant, Perilla The flowers of 123 la u encountered. similiar to those Park d o Perilla frutescens. (India) Superficially resembles trees, shrubs and manmade 35 o plant communities, (INVASIVE) this common S Main St 34 W Basil or Coleus, and can be confused with other of Bachelor’s Buttons, but pinkish. Its structures. (INVASIVE) County is considered to be introduction taproot allows it to tolerate drought, Square Mint family members. Perilla has toxic charac- d are typically a W o lan “invasive”. and its allelochemicals poison would- od y teristics, and it is fed on by very few herbivores. Ave startling electric Chocolate-vine, 29 Wa Reported to be invasive in mid-Atlantic states. be competitors. Designated a noxious blue. Cleveland 36 weed in most western states. (INVASIVE) Akebia o m TO Augusta Akebia quinata. (Japan, China, Korea) 185 Rd 291
A sideways glance at a clambering vine McDaniel TREES & SHRUBS Greenville engulfing small trees and shrubs and St St E Faris Technical you might assume “Kudzu”, but a closer College fAmur Bush-honeysuckle o Chinese Privet o g Bradford Pear, Callery Pear o look reveals leaves that are 5-parted, From earliest times, 6 Lonicera maackii. (east Asia) Imported as Ligustrum sinense. (China) 37 u Pyrus calleryana. (China) Hailed as a promising neither lobed nor toothed, and stay on plants have been used for an ornamental into New York in 1898, and Considered to be one of the u2 new ornamental in the 1950s, but as early as throughout the year. It forms food, shelter, tools and
escaped into eastern woodlands, forests and neglected most noxious of all our weeds, the 80s concerns were voiced about overplant- r dense mats in natural medicine. P a r urban areas. (INVASIVE) this semi-evergreen shrub forms ing and limb breakage. Today, it continues to ki
n In an attempt to g D
forests and is difficult s r
R dense stands that choke out be planted, even as it aggressively colonizes u M P A to eradicate. (INVASIVE) “personalize” the various b i M B t ll A B native vegetation and have neighboring fields.(INVASIVE) n R European Blackberry, a d W I plants, a few of those uses s T almost engulfed bottomlands lea S P Himalaya-Berry o g are mentioned here — but S EAT LOCAL RIDE BIKES throughout the South. (INVASIVE) Rubus bifrons. (Europe) by all means seek more A u C f Chinaberry o g Differentiated from the native by u A Y information before you start s (southeast Asia) t Melia azedarach. a F R its pink flowers and long, coarse, 85 E E nibbling anything!
C Easy to spot in winter by the large R & d G RO sprawling, heavily-armed stems. You need to be certain 5 clusters of orangish berrylike fruit, Ma u 4 u u l d o which is poisonous to humans and of a plant’s identity (there i o g Winged Burning Bush n Multiflora Rose Euonymus alatus. (east Asia) Called “burn- livestock, and in summer by its are some dangerous look- Rosa multiflora. (Asia) The long 291 Rd ing bush” because of its brilliant fall color and twice-pinnately compound leaves. f Wintercreeper o arching canes of this aggressive Euonymus fortunei. (China) In alikes), and you also need to “winged” because of the corky wings which often A member of the Mahogany family. (INVASIVE) shrub can clamber into trees or its sterile, juvenile, “creeping” research the details line its squarish twigs. This widely planted landscape form impenetrable thorny thickets. phase, this woody vine has dark (for example, ripe fruit may 3 plant is causing serious problems u Its flowers are white; those of the f Mimosa o green leaves with silvery veins; be tasty but flowers or unripe northward and is now showing up Albizia julibrissin (tropical Asia) Introduced Baseball more well-behaved native Swamp leaves of the mature, flowering/ fruit poisonous). here in our suburban woodlands. (INVASIVE) to Charleston in the 1700s, this tree is now Stadium Rose, which is also found on the fruiting phase are larger and a found in vrtually every county from eastern N Trail, are pink (see www.scnps.org/swamprabbit). lighter green. It is tolerant of Lake Conestee 0316 o g Texas to Delaware. The doubly-compound Nature Park (INVASIVE) Paper Mulberry heavy shade and can climb up Broussonetia papyrifera. (east Asia) Paper leaves look almost fernlike, and its pink We value our sponsors, to 70’, smothering both herba- 40 Mulberry’s leaf shape is quite variable and flowers resemble pompoms.(INVASIVE) 6 who help to make projects like this possible! ceous plants and trees. (INVASIVE) u Heavenly Bamboo, Nandina o can look as if cut out by a bizarre jigsaw. Nandina domestica. (China) This popular evergreen This brochure produced by the South Carolina Native Plant Society, Leaf undersides are velvety-hairy. (INVASIVE) Copyright © 2016 MCS 41 shrub can apparently grow anywhere, and it is f Tree-of-heaven o Ailanthus altissima. (east Asia) A fast-growing Porcelain-berry o m [email protected] working to preserve, protect & restore native increasingly escaping and naturalizing in suburban Ampelopsis brevipedunculata (A. glandulosa). (northeast Asia) f o tree that can reach 80’ in height, it is an ag- plant communities in South Carolina. woodlands. (INVASIVE) White Mulberry If you look only at its leaves, you might think this was one of our native Morus alba. (east Asia) Introduced gressive and noxious weed, colonizing even For more information, visit www.scnps.org grape vines, but its erect --- LEGEND --- in the 1700s in a failed attempt undisturbed forests and outcompeting native f o flower clusters, multi-colored Leatherleaf Mahonia to establish a silk industry. White vegetation. Its leaves are pinnately compound 28 Mile marker Berberis bealei (Mahonia bealei). (China) This widely fruit, and warty-looking Mulberry’s variable leaf shape can be and up to 4’ long. It can be distinguished from planted evergreen shrub is naturalizing bark set it apart. This has u6 Sponsor confused with Paper Mulberry or the native shrubs and trees with similar leaves throughout the Southeast, often in naturalized extensively on native Red Mulberry, but its leaves (such as Sumacs, Black Walnut, or Pecan), h Japanese Hops o suburban woodlands. Look for yellow the Trail but apparently has (Japan, Taiwan, China) are mostly hairless. Its berries are by the unpleasant burnt-peanut-butter odor Humulus japonicus. flowers in winter or early spring, and only recently been noticed. Related to the Hops used to make beer, but with different edible, but not as flavorful as the of its crushed foliage/cut twigs and by leaflet leaflets that resemble Holly leaves. (INVASIVE) chemistry. Leaves usually have 5 lobes and the stems have native. (INVASIVE) margins with one or two teeth. (INVASIVE) (INVASIVE) downward-pointing prickles. (INVASIVE)