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Insectos Y Ácaros De Los Cítricos Compendio Ilustrado De Especies Dañinas Y Benéficas, Con Técnicas Para El Manejo Integrado De Plagas

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Insectos Y Ácaros De Los Cítricos Compendio Ilustrado De Especies Dañinas Y Benéficas, Con Técnicas Para El Manejo Integrado De Plagas Colección Nuevo Conocimiento Agropecuario InsectosInsectos yy ácarosácaros dede loslos cítricoscítricos CompendioCompendio ilustradoilustrado dede especiesespecies dañinasdañinas yy benécas,benécas, concon técnicastécnicas parapara elel manejomanejo integradointegrado dede plagasplagas GuillermoGuillermo LeónLeón M.M. TakumasaTakumasa KondoKondo Colección Nuevo Conocimiento Agropecuario Insectos y ácaros de los cítricos Compendio ilustrado de especies dañinas y benéficas, con técnicas para el manejo integrado de plagas Segunda edición corregida, ampliada y actualizada Guillermo León M. Takumasa Kondo Mosquera, Colombia 2017 León M., Guillermo Insectos y ácaros de los cítricos: compendio ilustrado de especies dañinas y benéficas, con técnicas para el manejo integrado de plagas / Guillermo León M. y Takumasa Kondo. – 2 edición. -- Mosquera (Colombia) : Corpoica, 2017. 184 páginas : ilustraciones, datos numéricos Incluye referencias bibliográficas ISBN obra impresa: 978-958-740-245-2 ISBN e- Book : 978-958-740-246-9 1. Citrus 2. Enemigos naturales 3. Control biológico 4. Control de enfermedades de plantas 5. Manejo del cultivo I. Kondo, Takumasa. Palabras clave normalizadas según Tesauro Multilingüe de Agricultura Agrovoc Catalogación en la publicación - Biblioteca Agropecuaria de Colombia Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Citación sugerida: León M. G. & Kondo T. (2017). Agropecuaria Corpoica Insectos y ácaros de los cítricos. Compendio ilustrado Centro de Investigación La Libertad de especies dañinas y benéficas, con técnicas para el (2.a ed.). Mosquera, Kilómetro 91, vía Puerto López-Puerto Gaitán, manejo integrado de plagas Colombia: Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Meta, código postal 502007, Colombia Agropecuaria (Corpoica). Centro de Investigación Palmira Diagonal a la intersección de la carrera 36A con Cláusula de responsabilidad: Corpoica no es calle 23, Palmira, Valle del Cauca. responsable de las opiniones e información Código postal: 763533, Colombia recogidas en el presente texto. Los autores asumen de manera exclusiva y plena toda responsabilidad sobre su contenido, ya sea este propio o de Segunda edición: terceros, declarando en este último supuesto que Impreso en Bogotá, D. C., Colombia, cuentan con la debida autorización de terceros Diciembre 2017 para su publicación; igualmente, declaran que no Printed in Bogota, Colombia existe conflicto de interés alguno en relación con los resultados de la investigación propiedad de Fecha de recepción: 09/02/2016 tales terceros. En consecuencia, los autores serán Fecha de evaluación: 30/03/2016 responsables civil, administrativa o penalmente, Fecha de aceptación: 12/05/2016 frente a cualquier reclamo o demanda por parte de terceros relativa a los derechos de autor u otros derechos que se hubieran vulnerado como Preparación editorial resultado de su contribución. Editorial Corpoica [email protected] Línea de atención al cliente: 018000121515 Editora: Liliana Gaona García [email protected] Corrección de estilo: Luz Ángela Uscátegui Cuellar www.corpoica.org.co Diseño y diagramación: Oficina Asesora de Comunicaciones, Identidad y Relaciones Corporativas - Corpoica Impreso por: Fundación Cultural Javeriana de Artes Gráficas (Javegraf) https://co.creativecommons.org/?page_id=13 Esta publicación es resultado de los proyectos: "Evaluación de entomopatógenos y productos químicos para el control de Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae) y estudios biológicos de D. citri y su enemigo natural principal Tamarixia radiata (Waterston) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)", del convenio TV15 de la Agenda Quinquenal de Corpoica; Corpoica-Pronatta (2001-2003) PR08100118 “Introducción de prácticas agronómicas sostenibles para el manejo de la calidad en los frutales de mayor importancia económica en el piedemonte del Meta”; Corpoica-MADR (2000-2003) PR08100232 “Establecimiento y evaluación de sistemas sostenibles de cítricos con cultivos intercalados en la altillanura colombiana”; Corpoica-Asohofrucol (2006-2008) PR08100241 “Adaptación y prácticas de manejo de naranjas y limas ácidas para la altillanura colombiana” , mediante el cual se financió la primera edición de esta obra con recursos del fnfh-Asohofrucol; el convenio Corpoica-University of Florida (2012-2014) 00104309-UF 12251 “Transmission of the emerging citrus pathogen cytoplasmic citrus leprosis virus by Brevipalpus mites”; y el macroproyecto Corpoica-MADR (2013-2017) “Desarrollo integral de modelos productivos sostenibles para el mejoramiento de la competitividad del sector citrícola en Colombia”. | Insectos y ácaros de los cítricos | 6 Tabla de contenido Agradecimientos ...............................................................................................................................21 Prólogo ................................................................................................................................................23 Capítulo I .............................................................................................................................................27 Los enemigos naturales ...................................................................................................................27 Parasitoides ...................................................................................................................................28 Depredadores ...............................................................................................................................37 Entomopatógenos ........................................................................................................................45 Bacterias .................................................................................................................................45 Hongos ....................................................................................................................................46 Virus ........................................................................................................................................47 Nematodos .............................................................................................................................48 Protozoarios ...........................................................................................................................48 7 Control biológico .........................................................................................................................50 Conservación de enemigos naturales .................................................................................. 51 Aumento de los enemigos naturales ................................................................................... 52 Los enemigos naturales y los plaguicidas ........................................................................... 52 Capítulo II ...........................................................................................................................................57 Los insectos dañinos y su control ..................................................................................................57 Insectos escama (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) ................................................................................57 Escamas protegidas (Diaspididae) ............................................................................................ 61 Escama coma o escama púrpura Lepidosaphes beckii (Newman) y escama serpiente finaLepidosaphes gloverii (Packard) ...................................................................62 Piojo blanco de los cítricos Unaspis citri (Comstock) y piojo blanco menor de los cítricos Pinnaspis aspidistrae (Signoret) ...................................................................64 Escama amarilla Aonidiella sp., escama paja Parlatoria pergandii (Comstock) y escama roja Chrysomphalus sp. ..........................................................................................67 Escamas blandas o cóccidos (Coccidae) ....................................................................................70 Escama marrón Coccus hesperidum L. ................................................................................71 Escama verde de los cítricos Coccus viridis (Green) ..........................................................73 | Insectos y ácaros de los cítricos | Escama blanda hemisférica Saissetia coffeae (Walker) y otras especies de este género ........ 74 Escama cerosa de la Florida Ceroplastes floridensis ........................................................... 76 Cochinillas harinosas (Pseudococcidae) ................................................................................... 76 Cochinilla harinosa de los cítricos Planococcus citri (Risso) ............................................77 Perlas de tierra (Margarodidae) .................................................................................................78 La perla de tierra Margarodes sp. ..................................................................................78 Cochinillas acanaladas (Monophlebidae) ................................................................................79 Descripción y daños ..............................................................................................................79 Cochinilla algodonosa o acanalada Icerya purchasi Maskell ............................................80 Cochinilla acanalada de Colombia Crypticerya multicicatrices Kondo & Unruh ........... 81 Ortezias (Ortheziidae) ................................................................................................................82
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