Cooperation in land management for more livable places

MAY 2016 LUMAT PROJECT JULY 2019 www.interreg-central.eu/LUMAT.html BOOKLET IMPLEMENTATION OF SUSTAINABLE LAND USE IN INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF FUNCTIONAL URBAN AREAS

Editors INDEX pp.4 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY LINKS Foundation (Matteo Tabasso, Cristina Marietta, Giulia Melis)

The booklet collects the contributions of the project partners Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas (IETU) | Poland ...... LEAD PARTNER Ruda Śląska City Hall | Poland Saxon State Office for Environment, Agricolture and Geology | Germany..... WORK PACKAGE 2 LEADER pp.5 INTRODUCTION LINKS Foundation | Italy ...... COMMUNICATION LEADER Metropolitan City of Turin | Italy Energy Center Lipizzanerheimat LDT | Austria ...... WORK PACKAGE 3 LEADER Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava (STUBA) | Slovak Republic ...... WORK PACKAGE 1 LEADER City of Trnava | Slovak Republic Institute for Sustainable Development of Settlements (IURS) | Czech Republic pp.6 THE LUMAT PROJECT Moravia-Silesian Investment and Developement, A.S. (MSID) | Czech Republic 1 Urban Planning Institute of the Republic of Slovenia (UIRS) | Slovenia Ministry f the Environment and Spatial Planning | Slovenia City of Kranj | Slovenia Layout and Graphic design 2 pp.14 METHODOLOGY LINKS Foundation

Printing Edizioni Langhe Roero Monferrato - Casa Editrice FROM CONCEPT pp.36 TO ACTION Photo Credit 3 In the cover and chapter pages, photos from the LUMAT photocontest. Front Cover: Lucio Beltrami | Dotted line Chapter 1: Matteo Tabasso | Memories PILOT ACTIONS AND Chapter 2: Miroslav Beňák | “X” Roof in the train depot pp.96 INVESTMENTS Chapter 3: Miroslav Beňák | Windows in the main hall 4 Chapter 4: Marta Fudala | Towards urban green areas Chapter 5: Marta Fudala | Focused on citizenz Chapter 6: Lucio Beltrami | Peekaboo 5 pp.116 PHOTOCONTEST ISBN 978-88-941765-5-1 This work is published in the framework of the INTERREG CENTRAL EUROPE project “LUMAT - Implementation of Sustainable Land Use in Integrated Environmental Management of Functional Urban Areas” (Project No: CE89 LUMAT) 6 pp.126 CONCLUSIONS

The sole responsibility for the content of the publication lies with the authors. It does not necessarily reflect the opinion of the European Union. 4 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | 5

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION

The LUMAT project objective is the more liveable places) starting with Central European urban regions are to make them more liveable places. implementation of Sustainable Land the pilots in all regions (successful challenged by urban sprawl and Use and pilot projects in Integrated brownfield redevelopment, green suburbanization as well as by the More details of the presented results and Environmental Management in 7 infrastructure, sustainable land use on reluctance of investors to take on other project products are available on Central European Functional Urban contaminated land). urban brownfield locations. Poorly the project web: www.lumatproject.eu. Areas. integrated and unsystematic land The LUMAT project relies on the use, development policies and The LUMAT partnership of cities and interplay between strategies and environmental management regulations Dr. Anna Starzewska-Sikorska - IETU regions, environmental agencies and instruments beyond existing practice, increase land–related conflicts and LUMAT project Coordinator research institutions develop integrated and on a suitably comprehensive handicap economic development. “Functional Areas Integrated deployment of tools in these areas, Environmental Management Strategies including terms of reference, The transnational exchange of (FAIEMS)” with shared transnational cooperation, organization and experiences and cooperation territorial and scientific competence. management by Action Plans, specifically with regard to land and investment and pilot actions. soil as widely neglected environmental FAIEMS include planning strategies with media is strongly needed. innovative technology supported by citizen participation. Local stakeholders The LUMAT Booklet includes in a have initiated pilot projects by using short form the description of the new interactive information tools most important results of the three from the Urban Atlas and citizen years’ work performed by the project observatories. consortium in the field of integrated environmental management of land The ecosystem service concept has resources in functional urban areas. supported the assessment and decision- making process. The implementation is The complete and rich contents of the based on agreed Action Plans and pilot/ LUMAT project obviously cannot be demonstration projects for land and presented in a full framework. Several soil including information database and dozens of deliverables and outputs tool for the management of urban/peri- have been produced by the consortium urban relationships. Action plans include of representatives of 13 scientific, financial instruments and institutional consulting institutions but also regional solutions, e.g. land management and local authorities of cities creating agencies or permanent inter-municipal functional urban areas. working groups. This Booklet is presenting the results Tools on FAIEMS methodology and of the integration of scientific participation constitute an integrative experience and management practice part of FAIEMS (minimize threats and in order to provide solutions which are environmental compensation to get transferable to other regions and cities LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #1

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THE LUMAT PROJECT 1.1 OBJECTIVE AND CONCEPT 1.2 STRUCTURE OF THE PROJECT 1.3 PARTNERSHIP 8 | CHAPTER #1 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #1 | 9

1.1 OBJECTIVE AND CONCEPT STRUCTURE OF THE PROJECT 1.2

The basic premises of the LUMAT project and municipalities, and to achieve The creation of the common strategy The common methodology constituted See initiative were concerning the existing sustainable land use through a proper and methodology was the first step of a basis for further considerations chapter 2 and lasting negative phenomena in urban environmental management. the project implementation. resulting in a concept of Action Plans land management appearing in form of: strengthening the environmental The project has indicated that there is The LUMAT concept of a common management of land and soil resources • Growing land use pressure leading a need to find ideas for interregional strategy for integrated environmental in FUAs. According to the idea of LUMAT, to users conflicts, landscape cooperation, tools and instruments to management in Functional Urban Areas the Action Plans have used methods fragmentation, biodiversity loss and resolve the conundrum while respecting (from here on FUAs) with the focus on and tools that are offered by the soil sealing. territorial sovereignty and reflecting the the component of land and soil created environmental management field. problem of fuzziness of the territorial a framework for the development of • Increasing unbalanced urban units. An integrated approach is needed locally based strategies in the respective These methods included in particular developments and declining urban in all partner regions where multiple FUAs in the LUMAT project partners’ ecosystem services approach to areas with vacant and brownfield actors can participate and cooperate countries. decision making, but also others like land. in territorial and environmental compensation measures in relation management to develop their territories. The conceptual approach is based to management of brownfields and • Jurisdiction of the respective on integrated urban environmental degraded areas or industrial symbiosis municipalities’ management ending Two assumptions have been stated management in the FUAs as a tool with environmental criteria in business at its borders which results in an presenting the idea of the project: for the optimization of land-use and co-operation. ineffective management related to soil management and its synergy with the fuzzy character of its borders and • First, the urban land is a valuable the concept of ecosystem services, as For the needs of the project, seven the fuzzy interrelation of governance and limited environmental resource well as management of cooperation of regions have been selected presenting systems. (as it is reflected in the European the city core and its suburban areas various types of FUAs which are documents). including institutional framework. A representative of other regions in In all regions, poorly integrated and multilevel poly-centric governance Central Europe. The project results unsystematic environmental and spatial • Second, land management and was chosen as a core concept for therefore will be useful and applicable policies increase land-related conflict planning are closely connected efficient institutional framework in the in other central European countries not undermining social cohesion and with all development activities: field of sustainable land use and soil included in the project. competitiveness in the urban context, economic, social and environmental management. and new concepts of ecosystem services ones by locating them in space. The main land use conflicts and threats See are not sufficiently applied. The LUMAT concept of a common have been identified and placed at the chapter 3 Therefore, we assume that since the strategy for integrated environmental core for formulating solutions in form In the partner regions, one of the most land is an environmental resource, management works with FUAs as the of Action Plans and pilot actions. These challenging topics of environmental then the land management should functional territorial units defined on threats included brownfields, urban management of land resources is be supported with environmental natural ties of interdependences and sprawl and soil sealing (partly the result represented by the disparity in the management methods and tools applied collaboration between the city core of urban sprawl, but not only). territorial governance. The common in relation to land. and peri-urban municipalities, or on The project answer to these issues was objective for LUMAT partners was collaboration agreements framing, or developing ideas and concepts of Action to strengthen the functionalities, practical implementation of multilevel Plans that could support the integrated to integrate and support mutual governance principle in land management in FUAs. These cooperation between the core city the decision making. concepts were based on the common 10 | CHAPTER #1 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #1 | 11

structure developed by the partnership contribution to metropolitan strategic and Poland. These two investments INVESTMENT IN SLOVAKIA See chapter 4 including: planning and metropolitan general are pilot actions of the project. The The investment in Slovakia involves spatial planning. remaining pilot actions in the other 5 the restoration of a neglected natural • Diagnosis of main specific issues/ countries will constitute parts of Action park for sport and recreation zone in threats in the FUA Organizational actions were connected Plans showing how to implement the location Štrky in Trnava, aiming at with public involvement by using tools proposed actions. securing the overall rehabilitation of • Technical, financial and developed in LUMAT and management a currently abandoned area of Štrky, organizational actions structures which had to be established suffering from many burdens, for which as units responsible in the future for the it could be considered as a “green • Tools supporting the actions implementation of the Action Plans. In brownfield”. On the one hand, through addition, trainings of environmental and this restoration an original natural value • Pilot actions as examples of the planning professionals were included, will be brought back to this bio-centre Action Plans implementation. concerning ecosystem services approach, of local importance,as achieving a FUA identity, land use conflicts strengthened and increased ecological The technical actions concerned: reduction and use of innovative tools for stability in this area. On the other hand, public involvement. overall rehabilitation will open up this • Concepts of green and blue area for the broad public of Trnava City infrastructure strengthening and The Action Plans have been presented and Trnava FUA offering possibilities for development at local public meetings, with the sport, leisure and relax activities in the participation of various groups of natural environment. • Program of brownfields revitalization stakeholders and using tools in form of application available in mobile phones. • Program of integrated site Establishing management structures INVESTMENT IN POLAND compensation is one of the most important visible The investment in Poland is consisting project results. in the rehabilitation of the brownfield • Program of business development site located in the middle of the on degraded areas as inner city They should guarantee further Ruda Śląska city. The place is a post- development implementation of the Action Plans, zinc wastes dumping site of 6,5 ha, especially in the aspect of applying for surrounded by dwelling houses areas. • Program of re-using post-mining sites financial means. Therefore, at first, to make the place safe the phytostabilization technology • Integrated, sustainable management Pilot actions have been developed in 7 has been used. The investment will of functional city area in the project countries as parts of the Action create an available open space of a process of spatial planning with an Plans, showing the practical ways of natural, “half-wild” character; due to emphasis on integrated management Action Plans implementation. the progressive greening it will achieve of environmental protection and the character of a sub-regional park. integrated land use The physically visible results of the The place will become the walking and project are pilot actions in form of biking route connection of two districts • FUAs’ environmental and territorial two investments financed by the as a key element of the peri-urban issues management model as project. They are located in Slovakia infrastructure. 12 | CHAPTER #1 | LUMAT PROJECT POLAND LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER # | 13 IETU - INSTITUTE FOR ECOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL AREAS RUDA ŚLĄSKA CITY HALL

1.3 PARTNERSHIP CZECH REPUBLIC IURS - INSTITUTE FOR SUSTAINABLE The LUMAT partnership consists of cities DEVELOPMENT OF SETTLEMENTS and regions representing FUAs and GERMANY research and consulting institutions. REGIONAL DEVELOPEMENT AGENCY LTD LFULG - SAXON STATE OFFICE FOR ENVIRONMENT, AGRICULTURE, GEOLOGY 13 partners from 7 countries have been working in close cooperation exchanging both the knowledge and the practical experience in land and soil resources management in urban areas. A transnational approach has helped the project partners to go pass traditional national/local concepts and raise awareness by developing innovative and integrated solutions supporting peri- SLOVAK REPUBLIC urban development. STUBA - SLOVAK UNIVERSITY As a consequence, the LUMAT partners OF TECHNOLOGY IN BRATISLAVA have worked on a transnational CITY OF TRNAVA framework in coherence with new implementation instruments and pilot actions through the transnational sharing AUSTRIA of specific topics. EC - ENERGY CENTER LIPIZZANERHEIMAT LTD

The qualification and competences of the partners are complementary to each other, and represent different national approaches as well as planning and environmental management approaches. SLOVENIA Transnational cooperation has created synergies between actors with different UIRS - URBAN PLANNING INSTITUTE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA experience of land use management, as influenced by different local/ CITY OF KRANJ regional and national frameworks and MINISTRY OF THE ENVIRONMENT AND government strategies. SPATIAL PLANNING

This co-operation has fruited in methods ITALY and tools developed in environmental management related to land and soil METROPOLITAN CITY OF TURIN which are incorporated to land use LINKS FOUNDATION - LEADING planning and management in FUAs. INNOVATION & KNOWLEDGE FOR SOCIETY LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #2

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METHODOLOGY 2.1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 2.2 TRAININGS 2.2.1. FUA identity 2.2.2. Ecosystem services 2.2.3. Land use conflicts 2.2.4. Interactive tool for citizens involvement – InViTo 16 | CHAPTER #2 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #2 | 17

2.1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The LUMAT concept of integrated environmental management is based on the • Metropolitan areas, with population dependent on the urban core. The concept of FUAs as the functional territorial units defined on the basis of natural between 500,000 and 1.5 million most common–and easiest-way to ties, interdependencies and collaboration between the city core and surrounding Large metropolitan areas,with understand this interpretation is the municipalities. These can be of various type, as formal institutional relations, or population above 1.5 million. travel-to-work area, which would based on national policies implementation (including the adoption of the OECD include all communities with more than methodology) - top-down approach -, or based on collaboration agreements framing, The FUA includes cities, towns and a substantial percentage (e.g.: 20%) in addition to horizontal cooperation, or practical implementation of multilevel villages that are often physically of resident workers employed in the governance principle in the decision making. separated by unbuilt land from the core city. It is a very formal normative built-up city, but are at the same concept not reflecting the complexity of time economically and socially highly urban/peri-urban interrelations. Functional Urban Area The FUA is defined as a spatially identification of core municipalities. continuous settlement system consisting Guiding principles of units separate in administrative The cores are defined using the The joint concept of integrated FUAs processes are the real improvements Five terms. An urban functional area covers population grid from the global dataset environmental management builds in the FUAs. guiding a compact urban area (core) with a Landscan, referred to circa year 2000. on project cycle creating the core of principles functionally linked urbanized zone. Poly-centric cores and the hinterlands of integrated environmental management 4. The basic principle of integrated the functional areas were identified on process framed by 5 guiding principles: FUAs’ environment management Sustainable Land Use in FUAs covers the basis of commuting data (travel from is the broad involvement of all all activities concerned with the home–to-work) referred around the 2000 1. The main feature of integrated stakeholders into the decision management of land as a resource census year. FUAs’ environmental management making and implementation activities both from an environmental and from is its strategic character. It means reflecting their different capacities. an economic perspective. Integrated The urban hinterland was identified as the complexity of the process Environmental Management in FUAs worker catchment area, including all starting with diagnosis, via visioning, 5. Integrated FUAs’ environment aims to improve the environmental settlements from where at least 15% of planning, programming and ending management follows the logic performance of FUA, thus contributing the workers commute to any of the core with implementing and monitoring. of gradual development with to a better quality of life. settlement(s). (OECD,2012) synergy effects between different 2. Integrated FUAs’ environment interventions coordinated in the OECD The OECD made special efforts to make The OECD methodology makes it possible management is the platform for time and space. In the same time it Organisation the concept of “Functional Urban to compare FUAs of similar size across integration of different interests, creates preconditions for flexible use for Economic aspects, potentials, limits in the and reacting to internal and external Co-operation Area” more precise, allowing to collect countries. A classification of FUAs into and comparable data across European four types according to population size is space/territory of the FUAs across shocks. Development cities. Each FUA is an economic unit proposed: different hierarchical territorial characterised by densely inhabited levels, sectors of policies, “urban cores” and “hinterlands”whose • Small urban areas, with population stakeholders. labour market is highly integrated with between 50,000 and 200,000. the cores. 3. Integrated FUAs’ environment • Medium-sized urban areas, with management is action oriented, it The OECD developed a calculation population between 200,000 and means the outputs from the planning, process which started with the 500,000. decision making and executing 18 | CHAPTER #2 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #2 | 19

required quality of the decision making feedback allows the combination with GUIDING PRINCIPLES - independently from its character - flexibility of strategies reflecting directly depends on the availability/accessibility the success assessment in which quality INTEGRATIVE PARTICIPATIVE / ACTION to proper information, involvement as perceived by the public plays an STRATEGIC SPATIALLY AND MULTI-ACTORS INCREMENTAL ORIENTED SECTORAL BASED of relevant stakeholders and their important role in addition to objective capacities. In this context, the inherent progress indicators. INTEGRATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PROCESS part of the common integrated FUAs management is the process of building The basic consolidation phase is the up the capacities of stakeholders for process of permanent adjustment TOOLS: FEEDBACK - BASIC TOOLS: APPRAISAL - CONSOLIDATION - active participation in its execution. of the strategy to changing external - - preconditions as well as reflecting ECOSYSTEM SERVICES The project cycle is an iterative process feedbacks from the progress monitoring PERFORMANCE ACTION/ in which permanent monitoring and of the strategy implementation. AS THE ENGAGEMENT IMPLEMENTATION PRECONDITION FOR SUSTAINABLE Integration QUALITY OF LIFE TOOLS: INDIVIDUAL AND TOOLS: The quality of life in the FUAs and achieve complexity and in the same The core JOINT - COLLECTIVE - principle of STRATEGY quality of urban environment as the time efficiency of measures based - DECISION MAKING - precondition for the quality of life of on the comparison of the outputs/ the LUMAT concept for FUAs’ citizens are synergic qualities, to effects/improvements and inputs/ integrated a huge extent subjectively perceived. used resources. Integrated FUAs’’ Fig.1 The concept for integrative FUA environmental management FUAs’ There are substantial and processual environmental management includes environment dimensions of the integration in the parallel and serial processual management Project cycle the integrated FUAs’ environmental integration. The core quality followed by the project and involvement of the relevant management. cycle which creates the backbone stakeholders for respective issue, being Parallel processual integration is focused of integrated FUAs’ environmental it a problem or a challenge. Important The substantial integration is based on on coordination and harmonisation management is the quality of life in the is to analyse natural and institutional contextual understanding of particular of the parallel processes in the FUAs FUAs with the special focus on whole responsibilities, capacities (decision problems and challenges for the looking for their independences, range of ecosystem services as the making, implementation) as well as strategy development, decision making contradictions, synergies etc. (e.g. the precondition for sustainability of the opportunities for collaboration, and and implementation as well as the changes of the quality of public spaces quality of life. based on this to identify the most proper integration of different aspects, factors, in the core areas, the development hierarchical level for the development views, policies (sectorial approaches). of transport infrastructure and the The project cycle includes the of the strategy, decision making, processes of urban sprawl). appraisal phase with the identification strategy implementation, actions This integration has different levels of of the problems, their system ties, in the harmony with the concept of integration,also understood as levels of The sense of serial processual integration casualties and synergies, the hierarchy, poly-centric multilevel governance. The abstraction or level of aggregation. is the optimisation of interlinks between spatial extent and affecting the development of strategy is understood the actions in their logic time sequence. different stakeholders. The appraisal as the participatory process involving The processual dimension of integration The main time axis is determined by phase is followed by the phase of the stakeholder, following their is based on integration of different the flow of activities starting with engagement focused on identification individual engagement and capacity. The particular processes in order to the diagnosis with identification of 20 | CHAPTER #2 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #2 | 21

potentials, problems and challenges the available resources. The planning via visioning, planning, programming process identifies the goals or objectives BIODIVERSITY up to the implementation. Serial to be achieved, formulates strategies processual integration safeguards the to achieve them, arranges or creates ECOSYSTEM coherence among the prospective the means required, and implements, activities represented by the complex directs, and monitors all steps in their ECOSYSTEM SERVICES of FUAs integrative planning and proper sequence. executive activities represented by own VALUES development activities (among them In the core of the concept for integrated implementation activities of plans and FUAs’ environmental management programs) and their management - creates optimized integrative land- executive management. use management and management HUMAN of cooperation (including proper WELL-BEING Planning is understood as basic institutional framework) of the city core management function, involving and its suburban areas seems to be the formulation of plans to achieve optimum core instrument to face the threats in balance of needs or demands with current urban/peri-urban development. GOODS

Concept of ecosystem services Within LUMAT As an attempt to express the benefits cultural landscape. Project from ecosystems for human well-being ecosystem services is the by economic means, the concept of Ecosystems are rather complex dynamic conceptual basis ecosystem services offers a common functional units consisting of all plants for integrated denominator for the harmonization of and animals (biodiversity) in an area, Fig.2 Biodiversity, Ecosystems, Ecosystems services and Human Well-Being environmental different interests in the urban/peri- together with the non-living, physical management including the urban areas and threats based on the components of the environment (water, land and soil dichotomy between core and periphery soil and air) with which they interact. The confrontation of the demand are fundamental to attaining quality of The value of management as well as seeming dichotomy between (represented by the needs) and offer life of the citizens as main integrative ecosystem economic and social on one hand and The cities and FUAs represent the socio- (represented by the availability of development goal. There is no single services environmental development on the ecosystems as they include ecosystem services and their ability to satisfy the way to implement an Ecosystem Services other hand. and man as a social being. needs) represents the value of services. Approach. We need to consider not only mitigation In the past, environmental dimension Ecosystem services are the services and protection although within a broader FUAs represent very complex, dynamic in the decision making in spatial provided by the natural environment approach, but the fact, that the people socio-ecological systems of biophysical development management was which benefit people addressing their in their daily lives depend on a range and social factors defined at several represented by issues as mitigating the well-being, satisfying their needs of services that ecosystems provide and spatial, temporal and organizational impact of development activities or existential security, social and economic our role is not only to protect but to hierarchically linked scales. The establishing areas to protect wildlife and prosperity. develop them in parallel. These services ecosystems are significant with different 22 | CHAPTER #2 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #2 | 23

levels of self-organisational and For the LUMAT concept of the harmonisation can be understood the elements - food, clean air, fuel, timber adaptive abilities. The social factors are common FUAs integrated development concept of ecosystem services- services (provisioning ecosystem services) via represented by social units consisting of management is important the provided by the natural environment creating proper framework for their citizens, visitors, local economy players, conceptualized knowledge resulting from which benefit people. Understanding existence by influencing climate, floods and other subjects of social life in the the research of the teams around Elinor of ecosystem services is ‘challenging etc. (regulating ecosystem services), FUA, their mutual interactions as well as Ostrom, that the management processes the misconception that we must choose safeguarding sustainability of the interactions with the subjects of society in such complex systems as cities and between the natural environment and processes framing the existence of they are embedded in. FUAs can be improved only by making economic growth’ (Natural Environment humans - water cycling, soil formation Maslow’s them adaptive and flexible, able to deal White Paper Consultation, Sept. 2010). (supporting ecosystem services) up to Pyramid The main task of the FUA development with uncertainty and surprise, and by human needs at the top of Maslow’s management is to safeguard that building capacity to adapt to change. The ecosystem services reach from pyramid - aesthetic and cognitive inputs, they regularly interact in a resilient, providing the products satisfying health, recreation and tourism (cultural sustainable manner, especially in the The object of the integrated FUA basic needs of humans as biological ecosystem services). context of the presence of critical development management are the resources whose flow and use is processes in both - social systems and GLOBAL The values/benefits/function of ecosystem services as the basis for their position in regulated in the interaction between ecosystems and especially their mutual REGIONAL natural and societal processes. interaction where the biggest challenge integrative development management/ LOCAL integration of 5 components of well-being/ represents the question of harmonisation quality of life: This concept of the cities and their peri- of different demands of different INDIRECT Basic material for a good life urban areas as socio-ecological systems elements of social systems as well as HUMAN DRIVERS OF (Adequate livelihood, food, shelter, other is crucial in the integrated concept ecosystems in the confrontation with the WELL-BEING CHANGE goods) of FUAs sustainable development limitation of the available resources and Health management as it stress the fact that preferences in the access to them and (Strength, feeling well, access to clean air the delineation between social systems function of sustainability. and water) and ecological systems is artificial and Good social relations DIRECT DRIVERS ECOSYSTEM (Social cohesion,mutual respect, ability to arbitrary. There is a whole scale of different OF CHANGE SERVICES help others) conceptual frameworks for addressing Security It also draws heavily on systems ecology this tasks of harmonisation of social (Personal safety, access to resources, safety and complexity theory incorporating systems and ecosystems development from disasters) ideas from theories relating to the (e.g. circular economy), but the Freedom of choice and action study of sustainability, vulnerability, complexity of the tasks of integrated (Ability to control personal circumstances) resilience and robustness, which makes FUA development management is not in this theoretical framework much every time properly covered by them, Fig.3 Ecosystem services as an object of integrative FUA environment management more relevant for the common FUAs as they mostly use to focus on particular Based on: Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (2005).Ecosystems and human well-being: synthesis (PDF), 2014. Washington, DC: Island Press. ISBN 1-59726-040-1 integrated development management human activities and are not fitting to in the context of challenges resulting the complexity of FUA functioning and from climate change and growing development processes. One of the crucial connected questions fragmentation on ecosystem services uncertainties, and from the growing role for FUAs’ integrated environment which is one of main features especially of multi-actors of FUAs development and As proper interface between social management is the problem of multi- in urban and peri-urban areas. their individual decisions. aspects and ecological aspects of this dimensional impacts of landscape 24 | CHAPTER #2 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #2 | 25

At this scale one of the main challenges implications for ecosystem services (see: acknowledgement of diversity, as making the best use of resources) is how to optimise the allocation and Rodriguez, et al, 2006). crucial mean to improve well-being management of different land uses and of FUA citizens • security and safety of individuals their sprawl and how to minimise the and their living environment • accessibility and equity (equal access (crime and conflict prevention and to the participation on decision disaster preparedness);diffusion Multilevel poly-centric governance making, to the services, work…) of information and learning, self- Integrated Territorial governance is mainly contrast with the nature of FUAs and learning, knowledge affordability environment understood as “the manner in which processes there, as they are related • accountability/transparency of (iterative process of monitoring and management decision makers across different target readjustment, networks, etc.) of the FUA territories of a national state are to different, only partially overlapping development administered and policies implemented spaces and it is no more possible to levels of territorial government has to be with particular reference to the define exactly the borders of functional involved, in the private sector and • diffusion of understanding of understood distribution of roles and responsibilities space of a city or of a region. in the civil society organisations complexity of FUA development as a task of the system among the different levels of should be accountable to the among decision makers of territorial government (supranational, national The administrative borders lose its public as well as to institutional governance. and sub-national) and the underlying importance for spatial organization of stakeholders (publicizing planning • rising awareness about necessity processes of negotiation and consensus citizens’ activities. We can speak about and programmes, performances), etc. of strategic thinking and long term building” (COM 2007). soft spaces and their fuzzy borders, perspective thinking about poly-centric governance, fuzzy • sustainability in all dimensions of FUA The FUAs belong to such spatial and soft governance modes. development • comprehensive and innovative structures including the territory of management several municipalities but only seldom The multilevel poly-centric governance • efficiency and effectiveness, (in the creating institutionalised territorial model creates the basis for: delivery of public services, promoting • flexibility of strategies and tools and unit with adequate governmental or FUA economic development, capacity of adjustment using soft self-governmental bodies. Such open • inclusion and participation, production that meet needs, while tools. systems allow high level of individual broad participation of public and freedom (e.g. decision-making freedom, private actors (self-governmental individual mobility), allowing and bodies, NGO, firms, individuals, Public participation initiating not only changes in individual association) directly or through The implementation of the Action all relevant subject of FUA development The public and collective behaviour and attitudes legitimate intermediate institutions, plans for FUA is directly depending on (especially from the point of view of participation (e.g. new definition of belonging, strengthening of collaborative the participation of the whole scale of environment) continuous consultation is crucial for integrated territorial responsibility, shift from decision-making stakeholders. The analysis of relevant in various stages of environmental environmental local to regional and global thinking, subject for public participation has to management plan production to be the management social control), but even the changes of • subsidiary by decentralising most use both a multi-criteria and multi- most appropriate since this approach in the fuzzy territorial systems themselves. of the decisions concerning the factor approach, which includes, as also respects to the highest degree the soft spaces particular issues to the decision- its main objectives, involvement, requirements of the Aarhus Convention as FUAs The definition of “hard” borders and making level consistent with efficient mediation and facilitation of information on Access to Information, Public institutionalisation of the FUA as and cost-effective delivery of outputs and participation. The integrated FUA Participation and Access to Justice, governmental or self-governmental non-hierarchical modes of guidance, environmental management plans and the Convention on Biodiversity (the territorial units would be even in the such as persuasion and negotiation frames integrative approach considering management of land and water and 26 | CHAPTER #2 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #2 | 27

COLLABORATIVE BEHAVIOUR living resources as a social choice). process to an active one. The whole WILLINGNESS OPENNESS VALIDATION HUMILITY MUTUALITY process of participation is a process PARTNERSHIP Stakeholders should be involved when all of trust building between the decision EMPOWERMENT CONTINUOUS EVALUATION DEALING WITH CONFLICTS options are still open and engagement maker and stakeholders, inherently ST ST HIGH

should continue throughout the a two-way process. It is crucial to ACTIVE ENGAGEMENT PARTNERSHIP COOPERATION ST ST planning process. make stakeholders feel listened to and ST VOTING appreciated in practice, not only in INTERMEDIATE ST DISCUSSION There are different tools for involvement theory for the whole duration of the DM ST

ST FACILITATION

of different groups of stakeholders, process. Following Figure describes the ST MEDIA RELATIONS

DISCUSSION COLLECTION OF INFO nevertheless, the logic remains the phases of the procedure and its internal (consultation) DM ST same, to achieve collective decision logics and Table 2 provides a sheet of ST ST making in form of partnership main phases with brief explanation DIALOG SPREAD OF INFO (passive) COLLABORATIVE SKILLS

empowerment. LEVEL OF PARTICIPATION DM ST

of each phase which is to be used by EFFECTIVE LISTENING EFFECTIVE SPEAKING practitioners as a tool for running the ST

OPINION TRANSACTION SERVICES ST The objective of the procedure of procedure in the projects. public participation is to engage the DM ST EDUCATION

stakeholders in the processes of the FUA The executive management with the PASSIVE INFORMATION INFORM environmental management starting tool of Action plans focuses on efficient LOW LOW LEVEL OF INTERACTION HIGH with the planning and programming, implementation of planned interventions COMMUNICATION CONSULTATION PARTNERSHIP EMPOWERING public displays, newsletters, press public meetings, workshop, open multi-actors, decision making, via practical implementation up to (e.g. investments, regulations, releases, news, conference houses, urban walks voting, referendum the monitoring. This needs to be done subsidies, etc.) and harmonisation of LISTENING ENGAGING pools, surveys, community profiles, negotiations, arbitration, mediation briefs, written responses, public in gradual steps as it is continuous various activities driven by different hearings process with its internal logics. The stakeholders of FUA development. procedure has 5 main steps in which Fig.4 Phases and quality of the stakeholders involvement (Finka M., Ondrejicka, V. 2017) the decision makers are engaging with The main reference quality related the stakeholders with one initial phase to the executive management is of stakeholder mapping which provides represented by the goals defined by the and external environment of FUA. Data collection tools, comparative The core the essential early information about strategy of FUA development aimed on Important part of the diagnosis is the methods (e.g. benchmarking) generic issue are the the stakeholders of the project. All achievement improvement of the quality identification of the drivers of these visioning techniques and other identification of potentials the steps need to be performed as one of life and its sustainability. changes. The drivers and issues can prospective methods are employed at and definition is related to another, from a passive be developed through the use of the this stage. Procedures such as strategic of problems different scanning techniques. The environmental assessment may also start diagnosis should be not limited to the at this stage in conjunction with the Situation Analysis collection of background data concerned plan development process. Following the principle to build management plans is the analytical with the FUA (GIS data, statistical sustainable FUA development on use phase. data, analytical documents, photos) The definition of development strategy, and capitalisation of local and supra/ but should include in-depth analyses in its goals, structures, instrument but as local potentials, important part of the The diagnosis is an initial step to order to understand the processes in the well the definition of progress indicators proposed algorithm of the development identify and monitor emerging issues FUA not only as state of art description can be formulated. These two elements of integrated FUA environmental and signals of change in the internal but as development trends as well. form a reciprocal relationship: 28 | CHAPTER #2 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #2 | 29

• problems and potentials will be used • the core indicators will be used as • the strategy implementation for the development of locally based as the basis for a sub-set of issues part of a SWOT analysis in order to monitoring focused on strategies in the respective FUAs and integrated in the developed indicator identify the problems and potentials investigation and assessment of executive part of the actions plans in the set of the FUA. the implementation process and project LUMAT partners’ countries. feed-back including strategic impact assessment and ex-ante evaluation The conceptual approach to the Formulation of a vision and strategy for the plan development of Action Plans is based This phase is the most interactive stage The second part of the planning phase • permanent development monitoring on common understanding and common of the FUA environmental management is focused on preparatory work for plan concentrated on sustainability strategy for integrated management of process in terms of assessment and implementation. The main instruments development assessment FUAs as a tool for optimization of land- devising a plan. are the Action Plan, programs and use and soil management and its synergy projects, which are in detail described by • flexible adjustment of the strategies with the concept of ecosystem services Goals, alternatives how to react to the programming/operational part of the in accordance with the monitoring as well as management of cooperation the identified challenges, problems Action plan. The Action plan will involve results and dynamic development of of the city core and its suburban areas and potentials of the FUA, expected a series of projects and sub-projects framework preconditions and new including institutional framework. outcomes of the plan and the associated which will include diverse interventions requirements. objectives and targets should be in the form of regulations, investments, In this context the methodology supports developed and assessed from the point physical developments, socio-economic The LUMAT methodology of specific the implementation of the concept of of their coherence, achievability, and and environmental measures. integrated FUA environmental multilevel poly-centric governance as a responsibilities. Usually some scenarios The objectives of the plan should be management plans creates a framework leading managerial concept. are generated, discussed and assessed. used as a benchmark against which the The linked necessary interventions should performance of alternatives of actions in be tested against policy options and the Action Plans should be appraised. identified consequences.

Implementation After the design of integrative plan, or flagship projects should be carried assessment of alternative options and out in close collaboration with the formulation of executive (programming/ stakeholders. Their involvement and operational) part of the Action Plan/ division of responsibilities and work plans including the definition of priority is crucial including the agreement action areas based on socio-economic on organisation of responsibilities and environmental goals for FUA to implement the plan as whole and development the prioritisation of pilot particular projects.

Monitoring Monitoring should be inherent part of environmental management plans. It the core strategy of the integrative FUA includes: 30 | CHAPTER #2 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #2 | 31

2.2 TRAININGS

The concept of local training for professionals of environmental management and • FUAs definitions FUAs Identity (interactive exercise Focus of land use planning has been prepared and implemented in the training seminars of the based on FUAs presented in the interactive sessions LUMAT partnership and in national training sessions in the partner countries of the • FUAs typology Project) LUMAT project. The aim of the internal training seminars of LUMAT partnership was to discuss the knowledge needed to prepare and organise national training sessions in • FUAs delimitation and criteria for • Conclusions on further steps in FUAs and implement also country-specific national policies and conditions. FUAs identity building FUAs identity.

The concept is based on four modules that cover the most important issues for • Discussion on criteria selection professionals of environmental management and land use planning in FUAs: Four 1. FUAs – FUA Identity 3. Interactive tools for citizen 2.2.2 Ecosystem Services modules involvement 2. Ecosystem services The incorporation of the ecosystem services in the concept of integrated FUAs 4. Reduction of land-use conflicts. development management allows to take the value of the natural environment into account in cost benefit analysis and to solve the problem of the imbalance between The concept has been prepared by PP7 STUBA in two formats: the lectures and the beneficiaries and losers. The training was composed of an introductory lecture and an workshop format. The partners could choose which format is suitable to be used in interactive session, both led by Prof Maros Finka (STUBA). the partner countries for national trainings.

The introduction focused on: All four modules have been elaborated as presentations of the topic in power point as .PPT files and support to the trainers of national trainings has been prepared in the • ecosystem services approaches a • urban landscape quality and Introductory form of the file Guidelines/Advice to the trainers that have been elaborated in the framework by which ecosystem ecosystem services as a phenomenon lecture proposed structure: services are integrated into public of urban life quality and private decision making • Tasks for self-study of the trainers should be reached • position and structure of ecosystem • environmentally oriented land use services management instruments in • Training methodology with • Training materials that should be used planning integrative planning systems. explanation what training objectives for the chosen training format. The interactive session discussed: In addition to the logistics of training the Comment/advice to the trainers has been added to each slide in the ppt file. The training materials have been translated into 6 • Factors of urban landscape quality. • Choosing the priorities from the Subjects of national languages (CZ, DE, IT, PL, SI, SK) and provided to the participants of national point of view of different groups of interactive session trainings on FUAs integrated environmental management. • What is the city of the best quality stakeholders. about? • What are ecosystem services about? • Setting priorities of urban life quality 2.2.1 FUAs Identity factors.

The training materials have been prepared by dr. Justyna Gorgoń (IETU). The training is composed of introductory lecture and interactive session. The aim was 2.2.3 Land use conflicts to define FUAs identity with respect of its characteristics and with reference to the methodology (OECD/national). Interactive session was focused on: The reduction of conflicts in spatial development begins already at the stage of 32 | CHAPTER #2 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #2 | 33

elaborating land use plans. Techniques and methods of solving conflicts are based the processes of policy and decision making, focusing on data sharing and information on broadly understood principles of conflict management, but should take into visualisation as a vehicle for the public involvement in the planning processes.It consideration the basic issues important in spatial planning and land use management, generates maps, where information and localisation are correlated so to provide an i.e. public interest and the value of land related to the planned functions. essential instrument for the knowledge of urban dynamics in the definition of specific policies (IBM, 2014; Ringenson, et al., 2018; Google LLC, 2018). The aim of the training, prepared by Dr.JustynaGorgoń (IETU), was to explain how to reduce land use conflicts in the FUAs with respect to different kind of possible This platform has a double function. First, it allows geo-data to be mapped and For more conflicts and with reference to the proposed toolbox for conflict resolution. The filtered in order to monitor the present land uses, pointing out critical issues or details see interactive session focused on the classification of land-use conflicts in the FUAs outlining opportunities. Second, it allows the production of maps which can be chapter 4.3 according to: weighted on the basis of different parameters thus enabling the discussions among the involved stakeholders. Focus of • Framework for classification of • Toolbox proposed interactive land-use conflicts The training materials were prepared by Elena Masala and Matteo Tabasso (LINKS sessions • Proposal of methods for conflicts Foundation). • Conditions for existence of resolution conflicts The scope of the training covers:

• Causes of conflicts • Functionalities of InViTo • Practical session – how to use and InViTo adapt InViTo tool to the different training • Parties involved in the land-use • Opportunities offered by interactive FUAs. conflict’s process visualization tool InViTo

The results of trainings have been be reflected in the participatory process of Strategies and Action Plans in the LUMAT project pilot areas´ development and implementation, since the knowledge and skills of stakeholders involved are crucial for efficient achievements of strategic goals. There have been altogether 164 professionals of environmental management and land use planning trained in all relevant target groups in the countries of the LUMAT project partnership.

2.2.4 Interactive tool for citizens involvement – InViTo

The methodology shared among LUMAT partners includes the use of spatial Decisions Support Tools (sDSS) as instruments for facilitating the decision-making processes in a complex environment such as the inter-municipal agglomeration. Italian team proposed the use of the Interactive Visualisation Tool (InViTo), a web based mapping tool developed by LINKS (Pensa & Masala, 2014; Pensa et al., 2014).

InViTo is conceived as a toolbox, which provides a visual support to the analysisand communication of both georeferred spatial and non-spatial data. It aims at facilitating 34 | CHAPTER #2 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #2 | 35

References for chapter 2

Allen, A., 2003. People 4 Smarter Cities. 2014. Consultation,2010. Environmental planning and management http://people4smartercities.com/series/ OECDMethodology on Functional Urban of the peri-urban interface: perspectives new-blueprint-how-chicago-building- Area, 2012. on an emerging field in Environment & better-city-big-data Urbanization, Vol.15 No.1 Ostrom, E. 2015. Maslow, A. H., 1943. Governing the commons. Cambridge Berkes, F., Colding, J., and Folke, C., A Theory of Human Motivation. University Press 2001. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370-96 Linking Social-Ecological Systems. Ostrom, E. 1990. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Pensa S, Masala E., 2014. Governing the Commons: The- 1995. “InViTo: An Interactive Visualisation Tool Country Report to the Fourth World Cumming, G.S., 2011. to Support Spatial Decision Processes.” In Spatial Resilience in Social-Ecological Pinto NN, Tenedorio JA, Antunes AP, Roca Pensa,S., Masala,E., Abastante,F., Systems, Springer, London Clader J, editors. Technologies for Urban Fraire,S., Gagliarducci,R., Marietta,C., et and Spatial Planning: Virtual Cities and al. 2016. Ecosystems and human well-being: Territories.Hershey, PA: IGI Global Book; p. Inclusive Processes: Concepts synthesis (PDF), 2014. 135-153 and Instruments for Sharing the Washington, DC: Island Press. ISBN Spatial Information. In O.Marina&A. 1-59726-040-1 Pensa S, Masala E, Lami IM, Rosa A., 2014. Armando (Eds.), Inclusive-Exclusive “Seeing is knowing: data exploration as a Cities(Vol.1,pp.206-220). Skopje: City of Finka, M, 2001. support to planning.” Proceedings of the Skopje Interdisciplinary aspects of spatial quality ICE - Civil Engineering; 167 (5): 3-8 development in settlement systems, ROAD, Rodriguez, J. P., Beard, T. D., Bennet, E. ISBN 80-88999-09-X Perrot-Maître, D., 2005. M., Cumming, G. S., Cork, S. J., Agard, J., Valuing ecosystem services-advantages and et al. 2006. Finka, M. (Ed.), 2011. disadvantages of existing methodologies Trade-offs across space, time and ecosystem Spatial Planning,ROAD Bratislava, ISBN and application to PES services. Ecology and Society, 11 978-80-88999-31-7 Ringenson T, Höjer M, Kramers A, Viggedal Finka, M., Ondrejicka, V., 2017. A., 2018. The Scheme of Stakeholder Participation, “Digitalization and Environmental Aims in Transgreen project, Bratislava STU Municipalities.” Sustainability 2018, 10(4): 1-16 Fröhlich and Knieling, 2013. Conceptualising Climate Change Rodriguez, J. P., Beard, T. D., Bennet, E. Governance, In: Climate Change M., Cumming, G. S., Cork, S. J., Agard, J., Governance, pp. 9-26, DOI: 10.1007/978-3- et al., 2006. 642-29831-8_2 Trade-offs across space, time and ecosystem services. Ecology and Society, Google LLC. Environmental Insights 11 Explorer. 11 09 2018. https://insights.sustainability.google/ Delimitation of FUA related to Katowice (accessed September 13, 2018) Agglomeration. 2013. IETUKatowice IBM. «A New Blueprint: How Chicago Is Building a Better City With Big Data.» Natural Environment White Paper LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3

3 FROM CONCEPT TO ACTION 3.1 URBAN-PERIURBAN ACTION PLANS, STRATEGIES AND TOOLS 3.2 TOOLS 3.2.1. LUMATO 3.2.2. InVITo 3.2.3. Brownfieldy 3.3 ACTION PLANS 3.3.1. Polish FUA 3.3.2. German FUA 3.3.3. Italian FUA 3.3.4. Austrian FUA 3.3.5. Slovakian FUA 3.3.6. Czech FUA 3.3.7. Slovenian FUA 38 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 39

3.1 URBAN-PERIURBAN ACTION PLANS, STRATEGIES AND TOOLS

What is “More Liveable” in this “FUA”? functions from preforming, for example vital ecosystem services to areas most According to the social and economic can live in newly built up outer zones water retention or climate regulation, in need and can also remove a barrier aspects, the quality of life has a direct and where they are able to realize their due to unnecessary soil sealing for to realizing improved living conditions. connection to urban sprawl. The own satisfaction there, can realize an urban use which is no longer in LUMAT wants to implement sustainable standard approach of normal life is their own desires of a “normal” and need. The same applies to sprawling land use management that recognizes more consumption of resources. From “successful” life. settlement structures, which cut into the potentials offered by threatened the view of urban planners, new “more landscapes and consume natural and sites to realize more “more liveable liveable places” are being created every From the view of commercial agricultural land resources with new places” in FUAs. For example, the day and all year long. developers, “more liveable places” are infrastructure and streets. development of a brownfield site into places where it is easily possible to use a green urban site can be beneficial for Everything involved in the construction economic services in the outer urban Technical infrastructure can even the people living in the neighbourhood of new settlement areas is defined zones, there is a highway within close become a financial threat upon and the FUA. It can improve the quality “more liveable” in terms of the reach and accessibility is performed. communities, especially if they are of ecosystem services, which residents priority given to new settlement and shrinking in population and there are can experience directly in front of their traffic areas all over Central Europe. For decades, these views have been fewer people expected in the future to door to their residence. Addressing These construction projects for the standard rule of living in growing pay for their maintenance. threatened sites can directly improve “improvements” mostly take place in FUAs with its urban and peri-urban the sustainability of land use and the outer city zones and outside of the components. These standards are The danger of flooding is raised when unsustainable consumption of land. already existing settlement structure. correlated with a type of consumption more land is consumed and made that is not sustainable out of a common impermeable through construction The hinterland of the FUA does often According to the general public, “more perspective of environmental, social and activities. The deficiency of urban have other aspects of threats and liveable places” are places where they economic consideration. green in urban cores due to speculative risks. Mono-culturally used landscape building can create over warming and with agro-industrial practices lead to heat island effects, which can negatively a reduced biodiversity. Fertilizers and affect the health of residents. pesticides poison the environment. LUMAt goal in practice Water and soil resources are often in The common LUMAT goal in all FUAs is their importance, and prioritized for There are many types of threats to urban a high level of risk. It is necessary to to achieve sustainable development and and peri-urban land and soil that have reduce fertilizing and to increase the more liveable places. However, making To be done are actions for revitalisation, come to exist today. Threatened land, landscape greenery. “more liveable places” is a goal that is environmental compensation and the when properly revitalised, can provide constantly being pursued everyday by improving of living conditions for FUA many people. residents. By placing importance on threatened areas, LUMAT tries to make The LUMAT Action Plan Approach Make places The LUMAT goal is to open and create a more liveable places in a different As recognized in Work Package (WP) harmonization of activities by different Action plans more liveable sustainable standard. A new approach is manner than that which has been T1 – Methodology, trainings and Common stakeholders of FUAs development. target the through improvement of implementing necessary to reduce land consumption. pursued by others in the past. Understanding of Land Use in Integrated the quality of sustainable More focus should be directed towards Environmental Management, Action Plans The importance of dealing with threats living in FUAs. land use. threatened areas that are vacant, left Brownfield sites are a social, economic focus on the efficient implementation of for improving the living environment and behind and forgotten. Threatened areas and environmental burden upon the planned interventions (e.g. investments, the provision of ecological services are are to be mapped for FUAs, evaluated in surrounding community. They hinder soil regulations, subsidies) and the recognized in the common transnational 40 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 41

format of Action Plans. The Action Plans and operational programming by Four Steps Process are interdisciplinary in content and linking sustainable strategic urban The LUMAT Action Plans were developed 3. Action Plan development they consider stakeholders processes of management with concerns of practical over a four step process: elaboration as well as scientific inputs implementation and stakeholders 4. pilot project implementation. on governance and ecosystem services in involvement. LUMAT WP T2 - Urban/ 1. analysis of the LUMAT “specific” the form of decision support tools. peri-urban Action Plans, strategies regional background information Seven Action Plans were developed, and tools created a methodology based upon a common template so that For the 7 FUAs The Action Plans are not formal for Action Plan development: the 2. link to the regional development similar aspects could be considered in Action Plans instruments but rather efficient tools common transnational format of Action see plan and creation of functional area each territory with their own specific for following the interests of the Plans defines the LUMAT approach to pp. 50 management strategy challenges. wide range of stakeholders. Action enhance the integrated environmental Plans interconnect strategic planning management.

Table.1 Action Plan Content, Process and Guide for Application Steering Instrument for a FUA Because it is a steering instrument for implementation. Important is the Introduction and presentation of the regional a FUA, the management strategy and identification of who is responsible framework Action Plans for soil and land use in FUAs for implementing sustainable land Strategic development plans should contain the necessary background management in the FUA. Sustainable Environmental information 1 BACKGROUND information, a description of the land management is influenced by many Management strategy for the implementation of challenges to be addressed and establish different types of stakeholders: citizens, (existing/new) strategic development plan the reason why action has to take place. sectoral agencies, regional and local Scientific input - ecosystem services and threats for planners, scientist, etc. land and soil The Action Plan should detail out the Vision/mission description goals to be reached,and prioritize and An Action Plan must manage the 2 ACTION PLAN Objectives and priorities establish main thematic points. They wide range of interests present with (for the Definition of areas should collect action recommendations stakeholders for pursuing sustainable implementation of Actions and pilot projects to be realized. An land management. In practice, this strategic development Time and financial planning, organisation Action Plan within the LUMAT project requires meetings and discussions to plans) Financing programs should be developed in a participative develop Action Plans in a participative manner and include non-governmental manner. Once the stakeholders’ 3 PILOT PROJECT Description and planning stakeholders. With the adoption of the interests are managed and a vision is LUMAT Action Plans, the stakeholders agreed upon, the responsibility to then LUMATO are expressing their political will carry out the Action Plan ideas should be 4 TOOLS InViTo to implement these actions for a incorporated into existing administrative Brownfieldy sustainable development. structures and organizational duties in the FUA. Stakeholder management 5 CAPACITY BUILDING LUMAT is creating change in 7 widens the support for implementing an AND INSTITUTIONAL Institutional solutions (management structures) FUAs through the Action Plans Action Plan. APPROACHES 42 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 43

TOOLS 3.2

In WP T2 – Urban/Peri-urban Action means for evaluation vary according to 3.2.1 LUMATO Plans, Strategies and tools, all LUMAT the needs of political, economic, social partners identified the soil and land and environmental aspects. Soil and natural soil functions are threatened in FUAs by intensive land uses in threats existing in their regions; common various manners. LUMATO carries out integrated environmental analysis for FUAs by threats present in Central European The resulting LUMAT approaches to identifying and evaluating soil threats and the potentials for revitalization. There are Common FUA regions are: new urban sprawl, making “more liveable places” in FUAs three main layer “working”-categories in LUMATO: threats sites, sites of risks and threats brownfield sites, contaminated sites and of Central Europe are manifold. The relevant land use information. flooding hazards. figure below summarizes the main focus of each LUMAT Action Plan. Though the First, information is collected in the tool on threats on land to the naturally existing These are central themes of the LUMAT actions are specific to the FUA character ecosystem services provided by soil (i.e. soil functions). The threats are to be approach and define Action Plan of the partner regions, each action identified from stakeholder feedback and are responsive to local needs. Considered content. The evaluation of these threats leads to the LUMAT goal of making are important city planning threats such as brownfields, soil sealing and urban sprawl, and the potential for addressing them “more liveable places” by addressing but also the risk of over-fertilization on agricultural land plots or the risk of over- to make places more liveable will have the threats that exist in the FUAs and warming on sealed surfaces in urban areas. Interdisciplinary information is analysed to take place on a local basis since the the sustainable use of land resources. to identify potentials for integrated environmental management. An INSPIRE conform georeferenced grid was established in which the various soil relevant information are

LUMAT aggregated into grid cells 100 by 100 meters large. The integrated INSPIRE grid has ACTION PLANS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT the advantages of:

• A homogeneous data foundation correspond to the property lines of LUMATO which is then compliant with EU-wide land parcels advantages standards (use in other areas possible) • Possibility to intersect inter FUA FUA FUA FUA FUA FUA FUA

areas • Protection of personal information disciplinary information for a single KRANJ TRNAVA OSTRAVA VOITSBERG

revitalization because the grid cells do not plot of land. productive uses productive ŚWIĘTOCHŁOWICE GREEN RING OF LEIPZIG ecosystem improvement Urban green/ brownfieldUrban compensation on threats Application of interactiveApplication CHIERESE-CARMAGNOLESE Brownfield reactivation for planning support system for support planning revitalization for recreation Urban green/ post-industrialUrban post-industrial revitalization post-industrial improvement on brownfields improvement Blue and Green Infrastructure CHORZÓW, RUDA ŚLĄSKA AND A summary of steps for the LUMAT tool creation are: Ecosystem services evaluation / Integrated action / environmental

MAKING PLACES MORE LIVEABLE! 1. Standardization of environmental 5. Geo-spatial connection of data from LUMATO data collection methods FUA wide various sectors to each other tool Fig.5 Common concept of Action Plans in the LUMAT project creation

The LUMAT Tools are important means for helping organization of information to carry out 2. Evaluation of the IT framework of the 6. Development and application of an tools stakeholders to reach the new goals that integrated environmental management stakeholders evaluation system (for details see pp.42) are set out by the project. One tool was at the FUA level. A new platform that directly developed within the context of was characteristic of the challenges 3. Gathering of relevant environmental 7. Creation of an open system for the project (LUMATO) and further tools that exist on this spatial level was and soil information “Ecosystem Servicing” found their application. LUMATO tool required and for this reason an entire was created within the project to cater new concept was created for the project 4. Creation of new useful information 8. Creation of Decision Support Layers directly without compromise to the partners to utilize. (as required) for identified stakeholders. 44 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 45

The tool has been made to cater to the needs of city administrations based upon the Reduce the Distribution of Harmful Substances on Sites of Risk example given by the municipalities of the Green Ring of Leipzig. LUMATO gives an An awareness of the fact that soils have on soils with a high permeability rate initial recommendation of sites for sustainable development to make places more a limited range to varying retention of water should be considered for DSS liveable: Decision Support Systems. capacities of the soil (among other the cessation of harmful agricultural factors) is often missing in the wider practices due to the potential for The role played by soil to improve ecosystem services is qualitatively recognized public. In the case of agricultural land the contamination of soil and water 4 here. Soil information coupled with information from other environmental disciplines uses, the use of pesticides and fertilizers resources. allows for integrated environmental management to be reached. For example in cases of new soil sealing, compensation for building structures and the consumption Compensation Site for Soil in Protected Zones of land should be directed to sites that are suitable for de-sealing: brownfields in hinterland areas. Information about the location of expanded upon by de-sealing brownfield protection zones for nature, landscapes sites which are in spatial proximity DSS Recommendations for the revitalization of threatened land in the form of Decision and water resources are displayed to these areas for the purposes of Support Systems are given. The concrete planning and implementation shall only in DSS 5 along with the neighbouring improving natural capital. 5 follow through the locally responsible authorities and will undergo a more detailed brownfields. Protection zones should be analysis. Support for the Hinterland Sustainable Land Use on Brownfields The information about the agricultural out for the improvement of agricultural LUMATO recommends the following use of brownfields in hinterland value of land in the region has been land. DSS DSS planning evaluations according to locations(compensation measures). Soil gathered for the comparison of brownfield location: built to urban sealing for the compensation of new soil brownfield sites located near these so 6 1 green solutions in core urban areas, sealing is quantitatively compared in this that the revitalization may be carried urban green solutions for brownfields DSS. in the periphery and the green FUAs are distributed across Central Europe. Their size and importance are dependent upon the scale of their urban area. LUMATO was developed and tested for use in Achieve Cooling through Urban Green the urban and peri-urban region of Leipzig, yet it is possible to create a LUMATO for Over-warming of urban areas on hot prone to extreme overheating). This other cities and FUAs also with other priorities and other soil threats. DSS summer days with a lot of sunshine can lead to cooling impacts for the through excessive soil sealing can be local area through ecosystem services, alleviated through creating urban green creating a possible “oasis effect”(Böhm, 3.2.2 InViTo - Interactive Visualization Tool 2 sites on suitable brownfield sites (within Böhme, Bunzel, et. al. 2016). InViTo is conceived as a toolbox for supporting the analysis, the exploration, the the surrounding of ~100 meters of areas visualisation and communication of data in order to facilitate policy and decision- making, improving the communication between actors coming from different Raising the Water Retention in Flood Hazard Zones backgrounds. One ecosystem service provided by purpose of increasing water retention. DSS natural soils is the regulating function In its current version, InViTo can be classified within the category of spatial Decision InViTo: of water retention, and unused sealed Support System (sDSS) as a Web-GIS tool. In fact, it is a web platform conceived to sDDS + Web-GIS 3 brownfield sites in flood zones must present GIS data and let people to play with those in order to increase the level of be de-sealed and re-cultivated for the knowledge on spatial issues among both expert and non-expert people. Nevertheless, 46 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 47

new developments allow the exploration of non-spatial data too, so that interactive The structure of the front interface can in turn be divided into three subsections: InViTo info-graphics can be visualised and analysed. interface DATA FILTERING MAP WEIGHTING The building of a web platform structure was the first essential step to develop The data filtering section allows data to The map weighting section allows the the instrument creating the general framework of the tool. Its building took several be interactively selected and filtered by filtered maps to be overlapped and months and has been progressively adapted to the development of other elements the end users in order to customise the weighted on the basis of their priority. composing the tool. In order to be really accessible, the tool was based on an visualisation. Despite InViTo basically The aim of the map weighting section open source structure and open source initiatives. InViTo is composed by two main works as other GIS viewers, it does is to provide users with a tool for sections: the back-end and the front interface. not visualise only the different layers analysing the localisation of expected of a set of data, but it allows users to effect of specific elements and The back-end is destined for GIS technicians, planners and administrators of explore the single records of a dataset evaluating the sum of effects on the projects. Here the logged-in users can create new projects and manage existing ones by the use of different kind of pre basis of a specific mathematical curve deciding the information that need to be seen by final users. Moreover, in the back- settled filters. Moreover, the filters associated to the layers. end interface, the logged-in users can decide the filter modality choosing among can be grouped in panels, so that the This section is an on-going part of the check-box, drop down menu, range sliders or single choice range sliders. Finally, visualisation can be driven through a research. In fact, the map weighting specific buttons provide possibilities for customising the visualisation or for enabling particular path to follow. Moreover, is currently based on the sum of particular elements such as tables, analysis grids or background maps. InViTo allows data to be investigated at maps as in the basic methodology of different levels with also intersection Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). The front interface is destined for final users. In fact it can be public and allow of attributes, in order to analyse Further developments of InViTo people visualizing, filtering and exploring data related to specific projects. The data clusters in relation to specific will improve this section in order to front-end interface is graphically structured by two main elements: a viewer window parameters. In this sense, InViTo integrate the opportunity to develop containing an interactive map and a vertical menu on the left side containing all the overcome the data-map representation MCDA directly in the tool as the spatial parameters settled by the logged-in users in the back-end interface (Figure 6). to arrive to the visualisation, intended Multicriteria Analyses combining GIS as the discipline to see the unseen. and MCDA.

DATA VISUALIZATION The data visualization settings allows a high level of customization on colours, dimensions, styles, map styles (between Open Street Maps or different Google Maps styles) and on a series of utilities by means of which the tool is expected to offer a wide range of possibilities for users to improve their analytical skills and enhancing the discussion. Furthermore, users can visualize tables and charts showing data according to the filters activated in the filtering section. The tables show the attributes related to the filtered data, providing pre settled additional information field by field. The charts show the values of the filtered data in relation to the whole set of data, highlighting the selected geometries.

The distinctive features of InViTo are therefore dynamicity and interactivity, which make it open to variously skilled users and suitable to be part of instrumental Fig.6 Front interface of InViTo: a window containing an interactive map on the main equipment for meetings and workshops. In fact, it can be used by a single person or frame and a vertical menu on the left side collectively during discussion sessions. In this case, the displayed map can become 48 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 49

the interface for sharing opinions and reasoning. In fact, its quick responses and visual This platform has a wide usage: it was used for example to get feedback from public interface offers possibilities for improving the discussion among people, providing on prepared Action Plan for Brownfield Revitalisation within the LUMAT project. a shared basis for enhancing the debate. The high level of customisation of the filtering and weighting sections as well as of the visualisation provide a large amount The tool makes brownfields more visible for citizens (interactive map of brownfields), Direct of opportunities for the information sharing between large groups of people. The use which is one of the goals in the Action plan. Citizens can comment on already entered involvement of of visualisation goes against a technocratic vision of cities and increases the power brownfield sites, they can also insert new brownfields with all information they know, citizens of experts. It allows planners, city administrators, technicians, but also common which gives a feedback to managers of the Regional Brownfield Database. citizens, to improve their awareness of urban problems. A higher knowledge enhances the decision-making process, providing opportunities for better choices. The tool also informs about already revitalized brownfield sites and shows the Furthermore, a high flexibility of the tool allows the instrument to be adapted to the examples of best-practices to those who want to redevelop their brownfields. They case study and not, as often, the planning adapted to the possibilities given by the can send information on their intention of the revitalisation through the form and tool. By this way, the urban tool is not a constraint but a real support to the urban get feedback with a suitable grant program for the project or other help. The tool planning. Future developments of InViTo will foresee the improvement of the MCDA is variable, so it might be upgraded in future with new items, like news, subsidies, section currently drafted in the tool in order to better weight the maps provided and events, publications, etc. enhance the usability of InViTo in supporting urban planning. The tool has been developed for NUTS 2 (Moravia-Silesia) which corresponds to NUTS Professionals’ knowledge and common understanding was enriched by: 3 (Moravian-Silesian Region). It is a universal tool: it could be applied in other NUTS or all over the Czech republic and worldwide without any big additional changes • providing information about the logic concepts as a part of the integrated needed. of InViTo concept and mediated the and iterative approach best practice examples Given the need to create an interactive tool for citizens’ involvement, it had to Working with • increasing the capacity of be designed as user friendly as possible and in their national language. For better Brownfields • improving the understanding of the stakeholders to be involved in the understanding of all tool options a step-by-step illustrative manual with printscreens interplay between ecosystem services decision-making providing proper has been created. The promotion of the tool was crucial, that is why a Facebook planning in FUAs and multilevel platform for visualisation and better profile was created and managed to promote the tool and brownfields in general. governance concept understanding of the objects for the decision. Citizens, investors or development agencies can contact the authors of the tool • supporting the perception of both through a question form on the website or on Facebook and ask questions on the brownfields, comment recent status of brownfield or add new pictures ofthe 3.2.3 Brownfieldy brownfield. They may also be informed about the current subsidies available for revitalizing brownfields for both private and public sector owners. For this purpose, Czech Tool was newly created within the framework of the LUMAT project as an the disqus.com communication platform is used. When giving contact information to interactive tool for citizens’ involvement in brownfields, which is a key topic of the the web administrator, the consent to GDPR is resolved. LUMAT project. Company Moravian-Silesian Investment and Development, author of the tool, develops for years the database of regional brownfields, which is an internal There are 145 brownfields registered so far in the interactive map of brownfields Expectations document (there are almost 600 brownfields registered in the database). (Figure 7). The goal of the tool is to make this number higher in order to promote more and more existing brownfields to citizens and private or public investors. There was need of creating the public tool because there was no-platform like that in the Moravian-Silesian Region, where citizens could comment, insert new brownfields Promotion of these locations should lead to their return back to life, to their temporary or get information on the topic. use, pressure on state aid authorities in order to prepare subsidies according to real 50 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 51

ACTION PLANS 3.3

needs. It may be platform for promotion of abandoned areas to developers, who are 3.3.1 Polish Functional Urban Area searching new locations for their intentions. RUDA ŚLĄSKA, CHORZÓW, AND ŚWIĘTOCHŁOWICE

POPULATION 297,984 (Source: Central Statistical Office, 2017)

AREA 124,10 Km2

DENSITY 2401.19 people per Km2

CURRENT LAND USE 22% Forest 11% Urban 13% Not residential units 13% Pastures

Fig.7 Printscreen of the main page of the tool (Source: www.brf-msk.cz, 2019) ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE Ruda Śląska, Chorzów, Świętochłowice (Counties) Goals The goal of the tool is to make this of hectares of fertile land are halted number higher in order to promote annually. The use of devastated Administration CURRENT STATUS more and more existing brownfields to brownfields offers a unique opportunity Ruda Śląska FUA is composed of three the Silesian Metropolitan Area, which citizens and private or public investors. to save our heritage and it is the way cities: Chorzów, Ruda Śląska and includes 41 municipalities. Promotion of these locations should to get original housing or further use as Świętochłowice. It is located inside lead to their return back to life, to their offices, department stores, museums temporary use, pressure on state aid or industrial sites. At the same time, Use of the area authorities in order to prepare subsidies new industrial zones occupy hundreds The three cities of the FUA have raised urban centres, the industrial and post- according to real needs. It may be of hectares of fertile farmland and and developed relying on heavy industry, industrial objects and areas are located, platform for promotion of abandoned have serious impacts on the state of the mainly coal mining and ferrous as well as such as spoil heaps and dumping areas to developers, who are searching landscape, such as the ability to retain non-ferrous metallurgy. sites. Post-industrial areas present a new locations for their intentions. water and many others. characteristic environmental resource, The spatial structure of these cities which is also valuable due to vegetation The tool serves to promote good The aim of the tool is to promote constitutes a mosaic of functions and succession. practice examples and tries to make maximum revitalization of brownfields areas of various predestination. It has the regenerated brownfields the trend to preserve the sustainable been defined mainly by the development The stake of anthropogenic areas of today’s time. Old textiles, breweries development of the territory and and many-years functioning of reaches 55,71% of the whole surface and other industrial or agricultural the countryside as well as for future industrial plants located within their area of the FUA, which means a high unused buildings derail, while hundreds generations. borders. In the neighbourhood of the level of its transformation. 52 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 53

CURRENT Environment and information (education) activities. for Chorzów and Ruda Śląska). Legal ACTION STATUS PLAN The Ruda Śląska FUA is characterized metallurgical industry (ferrous and non- and organizational activities include by a large number of brownfields and ferrous). Two basic groups of land-use Technical activities include all kinds changes of land use planning documents degraded areas. In Chorzów and Ruda conflicts have been identified: of investments presented in the Action by introducing records on green and Śląska there are 44 sites (ca. 687 ha), Plan as well as complementary activities blue infrastructure. Information and while in Świętochłowice the degraded • built-up areas neighbouring to areas being implemented in the framework education activities constitute a urban tissue is the main problem of industrial production of other programs or projects (e.g. wide spectrum of ideas and initiatives requiring regeneration activities. Rudzki Route Program in Ruda Śląska) directed towards informing the Most of the sites are post industrial • natural areas neighbouring to or projects based on other contracts local society on natural values and wastes dumping places or areas with transformed areas. or initiatives (Adaptation Plans to possibilities of using the recreation polluted soil being the sites left after Climate Change being elaborated potential of these areas. FUA identity The use of tools (InViTo, LUMATO, etc.) The FUA includes three cities: Chorzów, this area allowed to define the optimal For identification, delimitation of mentioned data and system in video- Ruda Śląska and Świętochłowice. It is an final range of the functional area Action Plan sites and assignment conference room equipped with digital integrated area, identified as a result of from the view point of transport and of actions to the individual site a touch board. For instance, the extent delimitation of areas characterized by settlement efficiency, life quality and loosely coupled spatial information of the sites has been determined by common problems as well as areas with access to public services. Therefore the system composed of project and city the application of existing survey data features deciding on its strength and range of the functional area has been spatial data, CAD software (ARCADIA) including map of registered plots. The development potential. Identification defined basing on real connections, not for landscape design, ArcGIS and final result was thepublication of of development factors and barriers in formal ones. Qgis software for integration of all digital maps of the elaborated Action spatial data as well as InViTo tool for Plan sites and bicycle paths, in form communication of the results has been of the homepage elaborated by use of used. This system was applied for panel InViTo tool. This homepage constitutes ACTION FUA objectives and priorities discussions during meetings of FUA a platform for communication of the PLAN Enhancement of green and blue of Chorzów, Ruda Śląska and members and partners. The emphasis project results, especially to the infrastructure system in the FUA Świętochłowice. was put on interactive discussion and general public. decisions making with the use of above Planning and Strategic Framework Natural resources constitute an the area. It is recommended in the Strategies for the implementation important element connecting Integrated Development Strategy of Establishing a structure for the Action idea in a special letter issued by the three cities as well as a potential, the FUA of Chorzów, Ruda Śląska and Plan implementation is a consequence Mayor. The city of Ruda Śląska – being which can and should be used Świętochłowice until 2030 to create a of the acceptance of the LUMAT a project partner - is involved in the as a development factor which common policy concerning ecology and project initiative expressed earlier as works in the framework of its tasks in contributes to raising the quality of environmental quality. well as a will of co-operation for the the project. The letter of commitment life and touristic attractiveness of elaboration of the Action Plan concept. has been signed by the authorities of Following these declarations, the city the three FUA cities, establishing the Methodology of Chorzów has established a team for Task Force for Implementation of Green The activities connected with infrastructure can be presented in three the realization of these tasks, and the Infrastructure in the FUA of Chorzów, enhancement and development of green groups: technical, organization (legal) city of Świętochłowice has accepted the Ruda Śląska and Świętochłowice. 54 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 55

ACTION It includes the group of teams that people is coherent with the idea 3.3.2 German Functional Urban Area PLAN have been working on the concept of of the LUMAT, whose objective the Action Plan in the framework of is integration of sustainable • GREEN RING OF LEIPZIG (GRL) LUMAT. This group will be composed environmental management with land of officials from the three cities of the use planning and management in FUAs. POPULATION FUA, representing the departments Implementation of the plan concerning Green Ring of Leipzig of environmental management, strengthening and development of municipalities – ca. 705,000 land use planning, municipal and green infrastructure requires co- development. Participation of these operation of these departments. AREA Roughly 78,000 hectares Expected impacts DENSITY The Action Plan will strengthen natural potential,improving at the same 900 people per km² connections of the natural system of the time the access to ecosystem services FUA cities as an essential component of connected with bio-climate benefits CURRENT LAND USE the Metropolis, creating blue and green for people,necessary for a proper Urban, Commercial, infrastructure. The efficient natural functioning of the human organism. Agriculture, Natural, etc. system with active ecological corridors In the economic aspect the proposed ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE connecting natural valuable areas will system of communication connections, Inter-municipal provide strengthening of self-regulation based on biking traffic inside cities organization for sustainable processes, resistance to climate change and between them, as well as their land management and and stability of ecosystem services. recreation attractiveness, will affect strategic development The Action Plan will promote the idea reduction of the car traffic and costs of healthy life styles by creating biking connected to it. Administration CURRENT STATUS and walking routes in areas with high The Working Group Green Ring of as representatives from the surrounding Leipzig is an established part of the city 12 municipalities. 2 Counties are also Conclusions administration of Leipzig. The members members in the organization. The conclusions related to the Application of ecosystem services include the main city of Leipzig as well ecosystem services approach that has approach in urban areas management been applied assure functionality of the as one of the elements necessary for Use of the area cities regarding a stream of benefits the functioning of urban areas enables The Action Concept 2015 formulated managed and thematically connected to connected with services and values making responsible decisions in the the following strategic framework, “in each other. The landscape which follows offered by nature, realized in a strong planning and infrastructure development and around Leipzig a landscape with as a result of these actions will be link between economy and society. on these areas. a high quality of living, environment maintained and developed sustainably. Ecosystem services as benefits offered Preservation of ecosystem services as and recreation will be established”. by nature to humans are a basis for well as their supporting and restoring The duties related to nature and soil The respective fields of action are as well-being, economic development and will allow to create and use the protection and the upkeep of the follows: employment, particularly in areas of “natural capital” and to strengthen landscape, of environmentally friendly high level of urbanization as it is in the environmental potential of functional agriculture and forestry as well as • strong landscapes / stable ecosystems case of the Chorzów, Ruda Śląska and areas of the FUA cities. the requirements of recreation and Świętochłowice FUA. relaxation are all to be holistically • a landscape to be experienced 56 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 57

CURRENT • edible landscape • innovative landscape. development potentials of the amount of green land present in ACTION STATUS the city and region PLAN Environment • targeted de-sealing actions The current ecosystem services provided the risk of over-warming and the risk on brownfields in outer areas • effective land management and by soil in the region include those of of over-fertilization. Land use conflicts (compensation areas) brownfield regeneration management regulating, provisioning, supporting and in the FUA are to be understood as the structures through inter-municipal cultural in nature. The soil threats that conflict of the threats with land use • development of the green cooperation. exist include brownfields, urban sprawl, information categories. infrastructure and the strengthening

FUA identity Planning and Strategic Framework Elements of FUA identity include the LUMAT project are the Green Ring The strategic framework of the region • Regionalplan Westsachsen 2008 established cooperation of inter- of Leipzig and the 13 associated is defined by a number of planning (Regional Plan for Western Saxony 2008) municipal governance introduced in municipalities, Saxon Central Agency for documents, all of which have been assessed 1996 by the working group for the Green Land Management and the Saxon State for the creation of the LUMAT Action Plan: • “Handlungskonzept 2015” (Action Ring of Leipzig upon which common Office for Environment, Agriculture and Concept 2015) projects and common strategies have Geology. • “Landesentwicklungsplan Sachsen 2013” been pursued. Stakeholders in the (State Development Plan Saxony 2013) Methodology The City administration of Leipzig and 3. The third step consists of the ACTION FUA objectives and priorities Green Ring of Leipzig currently both gathering of LUMAT information in the PLAN Goals of the Action Plan Saxony: in other cases onto suitable brownfields have access to an IT system supported pilot area. in outer city areas (should the demand by GIS application for land use • the direct living environment of the for this exists) through land recycling management in the Green Ring. LUMAT The LUMAT information on soil threats citizens in the GRL will be improved Germany is updating this system with and environmental management is to through the protection, development • to improve the water retention of soil LUMAT information (threats, Decision be integrated with one another so that of urban and peri-urban green spaces through the de-sealing of brownfield Support System, Ecosystem Services) important conclusions can be made on in FUAs sites. to renew the existing system into an the basis of intersecting threats and soil “integrated environmental and land use information. Through the activities the • brownfields are to be revitalized To integrate risk areas of the FUA management” system. LUMAT information will reach a wide through demolition/de-sealing and the to support the minimization of over range of the different stakeholders in the carrying out of compensation measures fertilisation on land and the filtration of 1. The first step for this was to territory of the GRL (which is to ensure on these sites. This will further develop substances into ground and surface water reach a stakeholder agreement on the integration into the processes of the the quality and interconnection of reservoirs. The objectives for the Action environmental management, including GRL). The integration of information the green infrastructure, help reduce Plan in the Saxonian pilot region of the goals and the threats that are serves as a Decision Support System for land consumption and optimize local GRL are as follows: important to consider for evaluation. integrated environmental management ecological services and allows for an initial evaluation of • restrict the consumption of land 2. The second step is the recognition of ecological system services. The work was • to direct the demand for new urban in the region of the city of Leipzig the current IT-System that is being carried out through a consequent and land uses onto inner city brownfields or through the use of the existing inner used by decision-makers. continual dialog process in the GRL. 58 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 59

ACTION The use of tools (InViTo, LUMATO, etc.) an appointment mechanism gathered municipal finances as well as the ACTION PLAN PLAN LUMATO is being developed for the in the FUA (core and hinterland areas). from municipal contributions. Beyond possible expansion of available funds Green Ring of Leipzig to create Decision An evaluation system will help guide this, the further development of the from the Central Land Management Support Services, which are to be used stakeholders towards recommended use of national and European funding Agency as a foundation for the improvement of actions on threatened sites. programs (e.g. the BMBF on the German the ecosystem services of land and soil national level, HORIZON 2020 on the • Financing dedicated to environmental European level) are to be pursued compensation measures 1. Standardization 2. Gathering 3. Creation of of Data Collection of Data Missing Data • pilot actions: three streams of • Financing from the Saxonian state funding are possible for the carrying program for brownfield revitalization. /Creation of a common /Research for existing /Analyse the opportunity for the foundation for the collection information on threats and soil creation of missing data (e.g. an out of pilot actions of various environmental information on-site evaluation of brownfields) information /Create layers of the information /Collect and save the data in /Create a grid with a relevant in the grid system an accessible location and in a Expected impacts cell size (e.g. 1 hectare) /Save the data in an accessible readable format /Create and apply standardized location and in a readable format /Guarantee all information needed Integrated environmental management unsealed land will be better recognized rules for the inclusion of for an integrated environmental information into the grid evaluation are available will be carried out by the existing in the city administrations of the 13 stakeholders using their existing IT municipalities. Capacity building will systems that are currently in place. help the management structures which 4. Connecting 5. Evaluation 6. DSS Layer LUMATO will provide a new information exist on the inter-municipal and state the Data System Application Creation foundation upon which action on levels to carry out sustainable land /Identify the relevant FUA land /Create an evaluation system /Prioritize sites for action for brownfields in the area for sustainable management activities on brownfield use conflicts /also possible after for the land use conflicts and making more liveable places a stakeholder consultation) apply it to the entire territory /Map the results of the land management, as well as other sites. Pilot projects for the improving of /Display the interactions of (taking into account the nature application of the evaluation threatened sites, can be initiated. ecosystem services in the Green Ring of the selected land conflicts and of threats, location in core or system according to stakeholder threats hinterland, etc.) needs Further, stakeholders will be made Leipzig will be carried out based upon /Ensure the transparency of the /Present an share information to aware of the important role that soil the information gathered and processed evaluation methodology stakeholders for action plays for making places more liveable. in the LUMAT project. Fig.8 Steps of LUMATO The ecosystem services provided by

Strategies for the implementation Conclusions Relevant stakeholders for determining It is required to develop new approaches impetus for action to happen. To not time, financial planning and general • the Free State of Saxony with its to land management that take do so, and continue the same path of organization are: regulative powers and funding into account the various sectors of land consumption as in the past, would strategies. environmental information that are be unsustainable and irresponsible. • the municipalities as the holders of available today in the FUAs of Central Instead, interests have to be combined planning policing powers and spatial The financing of the activities mentioned Europe. In the German case, this to make sustainable land use in FUA policies in the Action Plan is to follow via information will be evaluated to create regions a reality; land threats have to be a combination of various financing sustainable land use management on revitalized and the various stakeholders • property owners, ranging from public mechanisms: sites that present very real problems involved in making land use decisions owners to state owners such as the for urban and rural residents alike. The have to be properly informed through “Central Land Management Agency of • management: the inter-municipal combination of the information in the Decisions Support Systems. Saxony” activities are to be generated through framework of LUMAT will provide new 60 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 61

3.3.3 Italian Functional Urban Area woods with various beeches (Cellarengo (in the north of the HZ) and the Po river CURRENT Municipality). Also in the portion of the protected area have been recognized by STATUS Po River hills (between the City of Turin UNESCO as “CollinaPo Man and Biosphere HOMOGENEOUS ZONE “CHIERESE-CARMAGNOLESE” and the Chierese-Carmagnolese area), Reserve” as first recognition of Urban POPULATION there are areas of natural interest, as MAB in Italy. It is an area of 171,233.85 130,000 hin. the Lake of Arignano, being recovered, hectares which includes over 80 and the large forested area between the municipalities and sectors characterized AREA Municipalities of Moncucco Torinese and by both natural and human causes. Each 462 km2 Marentino. The Chierese-Carmagnolese municipality has its own Master Plan and .H.Z. is also characterized by the presence framework for identifying land use and DENSITY of many protected natural areas. In future use. 281 hin./km2 addition, in the 2016 the Turin’s hill area

CURRENT LAND USE Table.2 Land use in HZ Chierese-Carmagnolese 72% Agriculture LAND USES AREA m2 %

8% Forest Continuous urban fabric 11.605.099 2,5% 10% Urbanization/ Discontinuous urban fabric 20.493.036 4,4% Infrastructures Industrial and commercial facilities 4.533.488 1,0%

ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE Road and rail networks and ancillary spaces 8.434.642 1,8% N. 22 Municipality Mining dumps and construction sites undifferentiated areas 725.460 0,2% Artificial green areas non-agricultural undifferentiated 6.776.742 1,5% CURRENT Administration Service areas 565.947 0,1% STATUS The institution/s in charge of the of Mayors. The pilot area identified Arable undifferentiated 335.392.061 72,1%

area administration/management. for LUMAT project is represented by Vineyards 2.606.966 0,6%

Administrative level. The Metropolitan the Homogeneous Zone 11 “Chierese- Orchards and fruit trees 2.836.800 0,6% City of Turin (Piedmont Region, Italy) is Carmagnolese” composed of 22 Wood Arboriculture undifferentiated and poplars 10.599.026 2,3% divided in 11 Homogeneous Zones, each Municipalities, each of them with an Permanent meadows, pastures, important natural areas 16.830.835 3,6% of them being represented by a “Zone own Mayor and a Council. SpokesMayor” at the CMTo Assembly Forested areas 41.085.385 9,0% Basins of water, water bodies and the like 2.552.277 1,0%

Use of the area TOTAL 465.037.765 100% The territory of the pilot area is 77,4% highland of Poirino Municipality, almost flat and 22.6% hilly. The south portion disappeared as a result of past extensive Environment of the Homogeneous Zone (HZ) is deforestation to leave space for the The main problems of the area are: widespread residential characterized by the presence of forest agriculture. On the slopes of the Poirino’s cover of high conservation interest, in terrace, in particular the border with • compromised readability of • brownfield sites (underutilized industrial particular the Ternavasso forest which the hilly area of Monferrato, there are the settlement system due to sites or disused industrial areas) is an important relic of the vegetation interesting remains of lowland forests in land consumption in industrial- in lowland oak-hornbeam with oak Querco-hornbeam, alneti and mixed oak manufacturing purposes and • landscape deterioration, in the 62 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 63

CURRENT hilly areas and in the valley systems that provide higher yields, such as FUA objectives and priorities ACTION STATUS (Pecetto, Madonna della Scala, corn; the presence of cereal crops and The objective is to solve wide-area • defining ways to resolve/mitigate PLAN Cambiano and Trofarello; Andezeno, arboriculture in the plain has partly problems related to land use and to conflicts between different land use Mombello, Moncucco Torinese and caused the transformation of the strengthen the identity of the FUA with needs. Baldissero).Here the strong residential landscape, subtracting space to the respect to the Capital City of Turin and building expansion threatens to traditional grassland the other CMTo’s FUAs. The citizens of The priorities are: completely alter the settlement the Homogeneous Zone are involved reports and historical production • progressive loss of productive land and through the local representatives of 1. involving all the Municipalities of the farms sectoral specialization the individual municipalities. The FUA in the integrated management • urban expansion in the plan areas of Action Plan identifies the path to build of the territory (also starting from HZ (along the main transport way), and • spread of exotic species (Sicyos an inter-municipal Structure for an cooperation experiences at the level sprawl in the hill and valley areas angulatus, Clematis vitalba, Reynoutria integrated management of territorial of the vast area already underway), japonica) in the Carmagnola’s river and environmental issues at large area to obtain a structure able to dialogue • high values of environmental areas (Po river, in the south-west (FUA). Starting from a transnational in a constant and constructive way. insularisation because of infrastructure of the HZ) due to problems in the strategy developed jointly by the LUMAT The objective is to identify strategies, and industrial presence management of forest environments, partners the representatives of the area solutions and actions that guarantee in particular for the renewal of wild have been invited to start, the practical a return in terms of environmentally • soil consumption on the south slope of native species; the reduced riparian experimentation of the management sustainable socio-economic growth for the hill in particular in Pino Torinese, forest vegetation in a small linear model. Through a Pilot Project the FUA the entire FUA Chieri and Pecetto due to urban sprawl band, often in decay with age and n. 11 was involved in the definition of and daily commuting City of Torino - non-renewal of the trees an integrated environmental territorial 2. combining the green areas protection City of Chieri program composed of supra-municipal needs with development, including • involution towards a set of simplified interest actions. brownfields retraining and re-use • loss of biodiversity and environmental agro-ecosystems and industrialized (disused or underused production connectivity caused by soil in the Carmagnola area due to urban The general objectives of Action plan areas), and the enhancement of consumption, forest sporadic cuts expansion that is concentric along are: areas with high environmental and but overly with expansion of invasive the linear connection between landscape value species Villastellone and Carmagnola and • defining an integrated environmental between Carmagnola and Candiolo management model of the territory, 3. using, for the management, the • risk of loss of traditional cereal crop municipalities, in areas with good replicable in all CMTo’s FUAs able existing municipal technical because of the introduction of crops attitudes of niche crops. to deal with various problems types structures, without additional costs related to conflicts arising from FUA identity different land uses 4. providing the FUA with support Some of the FUA municipalities have identified. The 22 municipalities of FUA tools for data sharing, monitoring of been working for many years to affirm Chierese-Carmagnolese, therefore, felt • testing the model inside the FUA activities on land and decision-making their local identity also through the the need to identify and consolidate “Chierese-Carmagolese”. The Action process drafting of Local Strategic Agendas. a new territorial governance based on Plan intends to test the functioning With the establishment of the cooperation and collaboration between of the management model and at the 5. providing the FUA with a “proposals/ Metropolitan City, 11 homogeneous municipalities and on integrated same time solve some specific FUA projects package” ready to be zones with FUA characteristics were territorial and environmental planning. environmental problems candidates when appropriate 64 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 65

ACTION economic resources become available metropolitan context. available funds. The strategy of Action (Regional, National, European) and ACTION PLAN Plan intended to proceed with a simple private (banking foundations) financial PLAN 6. providing contributions to In addressing these issues, the soil model, without other superstructures. resources interception thanks to the metropolitan strategic planning and protection and the ecosystem services The entity entitled to intercept identified projects significance. For metropolitan general spatial planning value improvement involved in the financial resources will be (in the implementation of projects, the transformation of the territory are addition to the single municipality) municipalities are thinking about 7. strengthen the FUA identity within the priority. the Homogeneous Zone as a whole financial compensation targeted re- (as recognized by the Statute of the utilization of the urbanization costs Methodology Metropolitan City of Turin). In this envisaged by the implementation of the • Collect information on land, soil, • Identify the resources. respect, the proposed management municipal building plan. environment state (baseline). model is also aimed to facilitate public • Activate an integrated management Expected impacts • Highlighting the main local and structure (formalized through the supra-local problems, needs and signing of a letter of intent) for the Starting from the consideration that participatory and shared approach. The opportunities for FUA development. planning and implementation of territorial planning must satisfy different approach proposed for the H.Z. includes interventions kind of interests of and must resolve a new planning model that includes the • Share information with the entire conflicts between different kinds of use of user-friendly tools for municipal territory of the FUA (through the • Share identified solutions and land use (protection of the green technicians who do not have specific filing and mapping/InViTo) and open best practices with the other areas, productive fields, residence, skills in the GIS environment, nor much the discussion with administrators, Homogeneous Zones with the support ...), the Action Plan is based on the time to devote to their training. It also technicians, citizens. of the central CMTo structure. idea that an effective supra-municipal supports integrated environmental management plays a fundamental role in planning through the application of • Identify action and priorities. the pursuit of sustainable development a new approach that provides the in environmental, social and economic possibility of assigning an economic The use of tools (InViTo, LUMATO, etc.) terms. The implementation of Action value to ecosystem services and to The activities include a working method • open the discussion with local Plans aims at improving the FUA implement forms of “payment in order and an instrument (InViTo). The tool was administrators and technicians, public administration management to maintain/improve the ecosystem used for: illustrate problems, local projects and solve supra-local issues through a services quality. Conclusions • mapping in a homogeneous way • propose different solutions and the information on the soil and scenarios The final impact that is expected and abandoning the productive vocation. the environment of the different by the implementation of the Pilot The objective is to transform the municipalities, integrated the • identify priorities for action Actions included in the Action Plan is to territory of the HZs, and therefore of information with those coming from improve the attractiveness of the whole the whole CMTo, into a more quality CMTo, Region and other sources • communicate with citizens and territory, by enhancing the existing place where people want to live and (Environmental Agency, ...) stakeholders landscape and environmental elements, work. Strategies for the implementation, timeline and funding programme The timeline definition for the actions implementation is strictly linked to 66 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 67

3.3.4 Austrian Functional Urban Area are revised every 10 years. Due to model sites: CURRENT the municipal mergers in 2016 and STATUS a planned community merger, there • many plots of land and buildings VOITSBERG are changes. In the last few years which are unused or underused due POPULATION the municipalities in the region have to the decline of heavy industry 29,500 hin. developed several project ideas in the context of urban development, • the plots of land, which are AREA sustainable energy systems, brownfield grouped together under the term 210 km2 regeneration. The District of Voitsberg “brownfields” shall be brought back DENSITY expects to intensify the regeneration into use according to the regional 140.57 people per km² through the LUMAT activities and framework for development CURRENT LAND USE the dialogue with public and private 59%Forests stakeholders on new usage concepts, • economic transformation and the 15.4% green areas interim use options and financial models reuse of brownfields (“more jobs”). 11.5% urban areas for re-engaging the initiative on the 11.3% agricultural areas 1.5% industrial areas Environment ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE An important goal of the LUMAT areas) – using the methodology 5 municipalities, organised Action Plan for the Lipizzanerheimat developed in the CENTRAL EUROPE in Regional Development is to communicate and integrate the CircUse project Association (REV) experience of stakeholders and the current status of the evaluated threats • flooding hazard risks – sites which CURRENT Administration to land and soil into an integrated are threatened to be under water STATUS The Austrian pilot-region is a union consists of these 5 communities. With environmental management strategy. given the data available for the HQ of five communities “Kernraumallianz the new City-regional land management, 100 flood (flooding event occurrence Lipizzanerheimat” – Voitsberg, Köflach, which will start in 2019 the necessary A concept of ecosystem services is = ca. every one hundred years) Bänbach Rosental, Maria Lankowitz- administrative structures for the FUA to be achieved through a process of and represents a typical shrinking should use the existing structures. experts and stakeholder involvement, • uncompetitiveness of brownfield region. The crucial organization is the The necessary harmonization is in which will aim for a more sustainable areas due no clear situation with the Regional Development Association preparation. approach to land and soil in the region. mining company as land owner “Lipizzanerheimat” (REV), which There are currently four identified threats which will be displayed in a • urban sprawl (typically for the Use of the area newly developed tool for the pilot area region – spatial planning is not The region of Voitsberg is a traditional on agrarian production, but there is Lipizzanerheimat. always harmonized). former coal mining region and is now an ongoing change of the structure facing structural transition. Today, (reduction of full-time farmers to part- The threats identified and their The evaluation of the identified threats service industries have a share with time farmers). definitions in the LUMAT project in the territorial context is based on about 60% of the industrial strength of include: the available data on threats within the the region. Around the 5 municipalities Land use is represented by the GIS Steiermark. all other municipalities are focused respective local zoning plans, which • brownfields (mostly former mining 68 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 69

CURRENT CURRENT FUA identity 6.Social: STATUS Technician apprentice- STATUS education, Professional Based on the results of a LUMAT following table shows the criteria for ship with higher school High qualify. ABV, structure & skills; Missing science certificate, Education system workshop within the partnership the The FUA identity for the FUA Voitsberg: Sleeping region technical college & Apprenticeship with through the leading (educated young Universities A-level, commercial companies people migrate to academy Table.3 Criteria for Voitsberg FUA identity Graz or others)

7.Management: politics will co-operate Weak cooperation Country: Austria Common Regulation Central Common feature Common problems with neighbouring among 5 Better cooperation FUA: Voitsberg – region potential region Styria, Leader administrative units, municipalities, and with Graz, realization Region “Lipizzaner 1.Demographic: common strategic weak cooperation with by LUMAT 1) Lack of workforce Heimat” population, density vision, ability to Graz 2) Aging society of the population, Shrinking population Migration is positive solve conflicts 3) Negative birth rate migration,demographic 4) ageing population trends Reduction of 8.Spatial Cohesion: agriculture 1) REV - Regional continuity of ecological Low awareness areas (based by Development systems, lack of raising for connected settlements), weak Realisation of LUMAT Association, “spatial island” ecological systems re-cultivated mining 2.Functional: Working on common 2) EU Regional Different political areas, fragmentation, functional solutions without Management, parties, information conflicts of usage relationships, type of political influences’ 3) WOF (economic exchange doesn’t common functions , capacity building offensive), chambers always work works and social partners, Process of cooperation agriculture, economic, trade The key stakeholders are to be involved (decision maker, mayors, land owner/ with periodic information events (for mining company, etc.) 1)Stronger planning 1) No common strategy partnership example, periodical information at New requirements for 5 municipalities 2)peri-urban the REV meetings, information to the • Individual meetings with 3.Planning: for the planning 2) no strategy for soil relationship partly land use, type (state) mayors, close contact with the regional mayors/heads of administration region “Steirischer sealing via the Leader of built–up areas, soil Zentralraum”, land use 3) peri-urban Programme, management). When developing the (5 municipalities of the sealing, peri-urban planning on municipal relationship with 3) planning for relationships implementation strategy, the objectives “Kernraumallianz”) level Graz is still in the the “Steirischer development Zentralraum” expects or requirements of the regional programs good ideas (SDR, Regional Development Program, • Close co-operation with actual Industry (metallurgy, Leader) should be taken into account: running project .“Stadtregionales 4.Economic: Electro parts – Flächenmanagement (SRFM)” of the number and character automotive industry), of firms (entities, glass industry Lack of professionals in • Close co-operation with the REV Education (ABV) SME), GDP, industry Trade, handicraft, Metallurgy industry Regional Development Association decline GDP lower as public- administration, average in Styria Tourism (Lipizzan stud Lipizzanerheimat (REV) A close contact to the planning Piber), health = > jobs department of the Styrian Administration • Several stakeholder workshops is important. 5.Infrastructural: level of technical Electrification of infrastructure/water/ Bad connection to Railways and better Beside the main routes sewage system/roads/ motor way connection to Styria railways/ Peripheral Railway system (Graz) FUA objectives and priorities ACTION located; Traffic PLAN How to set the objectives and priorities: • joint introductory workshop with 70 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 71

ACTION the local stakeholders (including • no common landuse policy of the of the 5 municipalities office property with 1,600 m2 usable ACTION PLAN landowners) municipalities (will be established) area with a special greening PLAN Interaction with local stakeholders: • one-on-one interviews with the Objectives: • Rosental: vegetable cultivation in mayors and / or heads of office and / • close co-operation with the glasshouses on a former ash deposit or construction manager • improved use of under-used areas Regional Development Association using mine water for heating related to the theme of “gardening” Lipizzanerheimat (REV) • preparation of a project proposal per (including job creation) • Maria Lankowitz: new garden design at municipality • several stakeholder workshops the basilica (topic wedding garden) • networking existing gardens and parks (decision maker, mayors, land owner/ • identification of funding opportunities for better use (“recreation area”) mining company, etc.) • Maria Lankowitz: extension of for the implementation of the vegetable cultivation at the prison proposals • coordination with current or planned • individual meetings with mayors/heads (increase self-sufficiency, including projects (via RMSZR) of administration (5 municipalities of training of inmates) • coordination with the region the “Kernraumallianz”) Priorities: • “Garden route”: creation of a Problems that must be solved: • close co-operation with actual connection of all garden and park • project with job creation. running project “Stadtregionales elements over the cycle way network • landowner in most of the cases is the Flächenmanagement (SRFM)” of the currently under development with mining company – no commitment Each of the Kernraumallianz REV regard to a recreational area for the with the municipalities concerning the municipalities has to be involved. region and Graz price for the land Ideally, each community contributes a “flagship project” to the broad topic of Important requirements for the use of land Planning and Strategic Framework gardens: as well as possible business settlements: As a first step in the development of an decision makers. Action Plan, surveys of potential threats In addition, the field of administration / • Köflach: “vertical gardening” - Cooling • preparation of a mediation process / threats in the region were foreseen. governance is dealt with, with a focus on: of buildings by plants (green roofs - region – mining company because An update of the data of CircUse new approach!) of the problems in the last years project takes place. In a second step, • impact on regional development concerning the provision/sale of land the definition and setup of monitoring (coordination with regional • Voitsberg: development of a owned by the mining company (high activities takes place: workshop (s) management) community garden, connection to priority!) in the region, catalogue of measures, existing parks (for example energy needs of the companies, creation • pilot project(s) - coordinate with the park) and gardens (Schloßberg) • concept of introducing land as “equity” of proposal list, and involvement of communities. to business settlements. • Bärnbach: energy optimization of an Methodology Requirements to be considered: • modifying the regional development The use of tools (InViTo, LUMATO, etc.) concept The management of soil and land in tools and data are stored, managed and • respecting the new planning strategy of FUAs in the LUMAT regions is mostly distributed via the GIS of the provinces. the “Styrian Central Region” • respecting the specific characteristics based on GIS tools. In Austria these In the Voitsberg region, because of the 72 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 73

ACTION requirements and conditions of the Landes-GIS is mandatory; all spatial data 3.3.5 Slovakian Functional Urban Area PLAN GIS Steiermark as the working tool on or data exchange must be coordinated municipal and provincial level these with it. Nonetheless, the two tools were TRNAVA tools will have no great opportunities for tested. implementation. Compatibility with the POPULATION 92,287 inhabitants Strategies for the implementation, Timeline and funding programme AREA Collaboration and coordination with applications under the approved Approximately 283 km2 another ongoing project in the region LEADER program 2014-2020 “City-functional land management” DENSITY (also seen as a continuation of the • as part of the new Styrian Provincial 341 people per km² land management agency of CircUse) and Regional Development Act 2018, –requirement of the REV. These applications can be submitted from CURRENT LAND USE structures have to be used as soon as the summer of 2018 onwards Agricultural and wine they are implemented. Until then, the production, fruit raising and information will be sent to the REV, • the Austrian Rural Development gardening, industrial and which is the relevant decision maker in Program 2014 - 2020 offers specific energy production the region. Administrative structures in subsidies for “village renewal” (see the respective communities can be used Action Plan for Maria Lankowitz). ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE for activities. For the implementation of N. 16 Municipality the planned actions/projects different The political representatives and Administration CURRENT funding possibilities can be claimed: stakeholder of the region are members STATUS of the different boards and can influence The Trnava FUA consist of all together 16 Zvončín. On the basis of local relations • the Lipizzanerheimat is also a LEADER the specific programs. municipalities, out of which the biggest and functional links, the Trnava FUA region, the mayors can still submit is regional capital city Trnava which had was extended with the municipalities 64,252 inhabitants by 30.6.2017. On the Ružindol and Suchánad Parnou. In Conclusions basis of Strategy for Spatial Development order to set up management structure The austrian partner Energetic Center government, which will for the first in Slovakia 2001 as amended by KURS enhancing and securing integrated (EC) is not allowed to create a new time make available regional budget 2011 and in line with respective EU approach towards the FUA Trnava administrative structure for LUMAT resources for certain implementations legislation, with aim to safeguard and development, ZOMOT association was set (condition for the co-financing by the (e.g. city-regional city location agency). support sustainable integrated spatial up in 2016 by Trnava city. This inter- office of the Styrian Government), so On the basis of this allocation projects and urban development, the Trnava FUA municipal association plays and will play EC has to find a “creative solution” on can be prepared in the following. As the was set up in 2016 consisting of the core a key role in safeguarding coordination, which EC is working intensively. For this planned actions have been developed in city Trnava and further 15 surrounding networking, mutual communication and solution a need the political acceptance close contact with the communities, the municipalities including Biely Kostol, transfer of know-how within Trnava by the region which is in the moment municipalities will also try to implement Bohdanovce nad Trnavou, Brestovany, FUA municipalities in order sustainable not so easy to get it. As of June, there them in their full content. Bučany, Dolné Lovčice, Hrnčiarovce nad and integrated approach including also will be a budget decision of the Province Parnou, Jaslovské Bohunice, Malženice, integrated environmental management of Styria for the SZR by the provincial Šelpice, Špačince, Zavar, Zeleneč, will be continuously applied in the 74 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 75

CURRENT process of the area development in its the municipalities themselves, which represented by arable land intensively surface water outlet concentrating CURRENT STATUS broadest context. Thus, the ZOMOT are in line with the Slovak law, basic used for growing of cereals and forage water in local river courses increasing STATUS association is the main management and spatial and administrative self-governing plants, e.g. wheat, barley, maize, threat of floods. An important side effect administration structure for the Trnava units. Every municipality has its own sunflower and rape. With regard to of these phenomena is also oversized FUA – its members are all the above plenary assembly and a mayor voted natural eco-stabilizing elements in the drying out and over-warming of the given municipalities represented by their by their inhabitants every four years. Trnava FUA, these are mainly water and whole area and the whole process is not mayors. The ZOMOT association office has Moreover, every municipality / city has wood ecosystems presented. Regarding sustainable anymore. Within the Trnava two representatives – head of the office its municipal/ city office, which serve water ecosystems, mostly they are FUA Action Plan elaboration an analysis and administrative employee executing as a main executive authority being represented by water courses (e. g. of ecosystem services was performed, every day management and related responsible for many local competences HornýDudváh, Blava, Trnávka, Parná, and the following ecosystem services communication. However, responsibility including issue of spatial and building KrupskýPotok) and water reservoirs (e. were depicted as relevant for the Trnava for administration and management of permits, maintenance of the whole g. Suchá and Parnou) favourable for fish FUA area: individual municipal areas in the Trnava municipal/city area, to mention some of farming, water sports and recreation FUA, resp. their cadastral areas, lays with them. activities. However, the Trnava FUA, 1. Supply (production) ecosystem resp. Trnava region in a broader context, services: Use of the area is known as region with a very little The FUA Trnava is located on the of the Slovak capital Bratislava and in presence of wood ecosystems and • biomass for food production – i.e. Danubian lowland belonging to fatty broader context also of the Austrian permanent grasslands – wood ecosystems provision of soil for agricultural areas with a very suitable climatic capital Vienna as well as presence of represent only 1,1% of the whole Trnava production and the provision of conditions and high-quality soils, further important transport corridors FUA area and permanent grassland only harvest itself (including gardening) mainly mucks and brown soils what mainly to Žilina and Košice in the 3,86% of it. Thus, the Trnava FUA with favours to intensive agricultural northeast of Slovakia, makes this area a very little presence of natural eco- • water for drinking and for technical production, characterized by growing important transport node. In summary, stabilizing elements belong to regions purposes – i.e. provision of drinking of densely sown corns, maize and this area can be characterized with the lowest ecological stability in water, water for irrigation, industry, sunflower mostly. Also wine production, as a territory intensively used by Slovakia. Moreover, as also mentioned etc. fruit raising and gardening is largely industrial and agricultural activities above, due to intensive anthropogenic present. However, FUA Trnava belongs with specific environmental problems activities (agriculture, industry, 2. Regulative and supportive ecosystem also to one of the most industrially coming from highly contaminated transport) environment in the Trnava FUA services: developed areas in Slovakia, mainly environment, e.g. quite high degree of is characterized by rather high degree due to machine and automotive air, water and soil contamination, soil of ground and underground water, air • air quality regulation – i.e. improving industry, as well as food and textile sealing and degradation. FUA Trnava and soil contamination, together with the quality of air, hygienic and well- production. Moreover, due to presence belongs to areas strongly influenced considerable local water and air erosion, being benefits of nuclear power plant in municipality by anthropogenic activities, with low retention ability of this area and its of Jaslovské Bohunice this region is consequently low degree of ecological drying out caused by climate change. • water quality regulation – i.e. important from energy production stability and rather low quality of Moreover, current trends in management improving the quality of groundwater point of view. Furthermore, vicinity environment. and use of the Trnava FUA area are not and surface water, again hygienic and very favorable – there is an increasing well-being benefits Environment urban sprawl, extensive urbanization and As partially mentioned above, in the of agricultural land, i.e. 80% of the inappropriate human interventions in • water flow control, flood protection – Trnava there is a prevailing abundance whole area. Almost all this area is local river basins resulting in accelerated i.e. water retention and drainage and 76 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 77

CURRENT flood control social development well balanced with FUA area as well as for fundraising of ACTION STATUS 3. Cultural and aesthetic ecosystem local environmental protection. Such external financial sources mainly from PLAN • micro and regional climate regulation services: integrated development should be EU funds within current programming – i.e. local climate regulation based on the program of economic and period of 2014 – 2020 – and this is the • services related to provision of social development which is a strategic second important objective of the Trnava • support of natural soil composition – recreation, sport, relax and leisure midterm document mutually elaborated FUA and its managing and administrative i.e. erosion regulation activities for the Trnava FUA for a period of structure (the ZOMOT association) – to 2016 – 2023. This document is the most prepare and implement integrated • support for biodiversity, life cycles, • Services related to provision of important strategic platform for both development projects co-financed from pest control – i.e. protection of cultural, moral and intellectual integrated development of the Trnava external, mainly EU funds. biotope, biodiversity, etc. aspects of life. Planning and Strategic Framework FUA identity In Slovakia spatial planning was by 30.6.2015 and since then the city As mentioned above, the Trnava FUA and competitive parts of Slovakia, delegated to the Ministry of Environment updates it continuously in line with has been set up in 2016 consisting of with higher population density and in 1990 with clear definition that it is arisen needs. All changes of master 16 municipalities together with the well developed economic, social and an important tool of environmental plans in case of cities as well as regional capital city Trnava, which transport infrastructure in comparison to protection. However, since 2002 municipalities must be approved by their is also constituent member of the regions in the northeast and southeast competence of spatial planning at plenary assemblies. In accordance with ZOMOT association set up again in of Slovakia. In generally, in the Trnava national level had been shifted several the above given institutional framework, 2016 associating all the Trnava FUA FUA urban settlements inhabitants times. Nowadays, competence of spatial the following priorities for the Trnava municipalities. With regard to its living in cities prevail. The average planning “without ecological aspects” is FUA region were selected in the above position the Trnava FUA is located in number of inhabitants in the Trnava under the Slovak Ministry of Transport mentioned mutual program of economic metropolitan region of Bratislava (40 FUA municipalities is 2,872 inhabitants, and Construction, and competence of and social development. Economic km far from Bratislava and 100 km far while average population density is 341 spatial planning including all “ecological development: from Vienna) belonging to so called inhabitants/km2. However, in Trnava aspects” has stayed with the Ministry Central European region in a broader city itself there is an obvious trend in of Environment. Nevertheless, concrete • transport and better accessibility context which has more than 4,5 mil. declining number of inhabitants within execution role of spatial planning inhabitants and the main poles of 2010 – 2016 in comparison to majority lays with municipalities, which are • general development including growth: Bratislava, Brno and Vienna. of the Trnava FUA municipalities where responsible for development of their tourism and preservation of cultural Due to this suitable position, suitable the number of inhabitants has been spatial planning strategies. Cities as well heritage natural and climate conditions as well continuously rising, what indicates a as municipalities are legislatively obliged as historical factors, the Trnava FUA process of suburbanization. to develop their spatial masterplans • better conditions for investors belongs to “richer”, more developed and update them every four years. including elaboration of complex However, in case they do incorporate up to date analysis of current partial changes and updates of their investment conditions and support of ACTION FUA objectives and priorities master plan continuously in line with local production PLAN In line with the ZOMOT association implement an integrated development actual needs, they do not have to do statutes, general, however, also the of the Trnava FUA area in its broadest these “four years” amendments. This • marketing including development of overwhelming objective of the Trnava context, including the main pillars of is a case of Trnava city which has the current marketing strategy for the FUA are to initiate, support and 2020 agenda, i.e. local economic and latest spatial masterplan elaborated Trnava FUA. 78 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 79

ACTION Socially and environmentally responsible Parna river basement agricultural objects • areas endangered by landslides ACTION PLAN region: PLAN • effective waste management • areas with polluted surface waters • areas largely endangered by negative • high quality regional and local including mainly introduction of impacts of climate change, wind education system including effective schemes of municipal waste • protection zones of transport corridors erosion and extensive drying out enlargement of existing capacities management of basic and infant schools and • areas threatened by surface runoff • areas with the lowest ecological enhancing their cooperation; • remediation of environmental stability. development of complex up to date burdens including revitalization of strategy for educational policy green fields and brownfields. The use of tools (InViTo, LUMATO, etc.) During the Trnava FUA Action Plan, an City Hall. The authors of the Trnava FUA • accessible high quality social services Effective public administration and outsourced company responsible for Action Plan succeeded in “feeding” the including development of the social integrated land and resources management: its development used web GIS tool to inVito tool with selected data from the center for the whole FUA region and elaborate all maps accompanying its Trnava FUA and got basic “impressions” elaboration of complex up to date • effective and open public textual part. However, also an InViTo concluding the InViTo tool and IT systems social strategy administration including open and tool has been used for the very first time currently used in the Trnava city (Cora E-government to investigate its possibilities for the Geo WebGIS and Bentley Microstation) • climate change adaptation including integrated environmental management could be well compatible. However, the effective flood protection and water • effective integrated environmental and in the Trnava FUA. The first “results”, work with inVito tool should be further management and revitalization of land use management. respectively the process and the first processed, investigated and fine-tuned in “findings” from the work with the InViTo cooperation with the tool authors. Methodology tool during the process of Action Plan In future perspective, after adding more Action plan for integrated environmental in planning, management and decision- development were introduced to local information-bearing layers, the InViTo management for the Trnava FUA making process in order to enhance stakeholders and decision makers at tool could be well used as an analytical represents up to date unique pilot study integrated environmental management the 2 workshops that took place in as well as visualization tool supporting providing basic characteristics of this in the Trnava FUA in relation to February 2018 in the ZOMOT association decision making process in the Trnava area, evaluation of its potential using environmental protection including premises in Trnava, as well as during city as well as in the Trnava FUA mainly methodology of ecosystem services, sustainable land use and sustainable use the Slovak two days local training taken during the process of integrated projects identification and specification of of ecosystem services were selected and place in September 2018 at the Trnava preparation and implementation. potential and recent geo-ecosystems, linked to the following main areas: evaluation of services and benefits of Strategies for the implementation, timeline and funding identified geo-ecosystems together with • protected areas and areas with natural programme analysis of endangering and supporting resources protection Although well-developed theoretical fauna, flora, natural resources and factors. Moreover, inventory of investment basis of integrated environmental waste. Thus, one of the key steps plans and projects, identification of • areas negatively influenced by stress management, in Slovakia currently the in relation to enhance integrated land use conflicts and vice versa mutual factors and areas without negative most prevailing practical approach is still approach in environmental planning synergies was given there together with influence of stress factors derived sectoral, i.e. environmental planning, and management in Slovakia starts vision on the direction of integrated mainly from human activities management and protection is still with analysis and deeper integration of environmental management in Trnava divided between all basic environmental existing legal and executive tools which FUA. The main principles to be applied • areas of hygienic protection of components such as water, air, soil, encompass the following main fields: 80 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 81

ACTION • nature and landscape protection the following key aspects: expected that these integrated projects into so called “programming periods” ACTION PLAN will be prepared and implemented in generally, it is determined with PLAN • spatial planning including landscape • nature and landscape protection during this programming period 2014- the scope of the Slovak governmental and ecological planning and ÚSES 2020 as well as during the following program. (i.e. spatial systems of ecological • eco-stabilizing measures safeguarding programming period, which should stability) sustainable use of ecosystem services be under preparation already now. Just to illustrate the measures proposed Support from the subsidy mechanisms within the Trnava FUA Action Plan the • landscape planning with regard to • mitigation of the stress factors of the Slovak ministries is not divided following map can be seen:

European Landscape Agreement negative influence

3 3 1

3 1 3

S

3 1 3

3 1

• land reforms • development of spatial information 3 3 1 3

S 3 S 3 1

3 1

system. 3

3 1

N 3

3 1

V 3

S

3 1

• wood/forestry planning and 3

N S

3 3 1

3 1

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1 3 3 1 (EIA) and strategic environmental such integrated projects, definitely, they 3 31 31 assessment (SEA). will be implemented more less only with S S support from external financial sources The above given requires concrete steps as in general, they are quite large and and actions at national level (top-down expensive infrastructure projects. Nature and Landscape protection proposals Proposals to migitation stress factors -Enhance protection approach), which, however, could be This external financial support is Planting of hygienic-insulating vegetation along transportation roads Sites of regional biocentiers to declare protected areas Planting of hygienic-insulating vegetation in industrial areas

accelerated also from local/regional represented mainly by EU funds (the - RÚSES proposed elements Runuff precaution Preserve current anti-erosive function of geoecosystems Transregional biocentrer Minimize take of agricultural land level. Slovak national operational programs Transregional biocoridor within EŠIF 2014 – 2020, interregional Regional biocenter Implement anti-erosive measures Regional biocoridor " Implement technical measures to eliminate water pollution sources The Trnava FUA and its Action Plan or cross border cooperation programs or Local bocentrum (! implement technical measures to eliminate air pollution sources developed under the LUMAT project Norwegian/EHP funds) or by the Slovak Proposals for ecostatisation measures to ensure ecosystem services Regulatory - preservation and completion of ecostabilizing elements, environment quality improvement T Reconcile development of recreation with nature protection could well accelerate such bottom- national subsidies managed by individual Riparian growth V Reconcile landuse with nature protection Ecostabilizing, protective and aesthetic vegetation S Harmonize usage of the protection zone with hygienic requirements up initiative. In line with the above Slovak ministries, from which, however, Hedgerows O Ensure measures under the Nature Conservation Act N Reconcile landuse with a protected deposit area 31 31 Reconstruction and modernization of existing cycle paths given, the Action Plan of integrated could be co-financed smaller investment 31 31 Building of new cycle paths environmental management for the or soft projects. Regarding time-frame, Trnava FUA encompasses measures in in line with the above given, it is Fig.9 Proposals± for measures to remove conflicts of interest and promote mutual synergies Map number Scale: 1:50 000 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 5 Proposals for measures to remove conflicts of interest and promote mutual synergies km 13

ELABORATION OF THE ACTION PLAN OF INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF TRNAVA FUNCTIONAL URBAN AREA Contractor: ESPRIT spol. s r. o. Banská štiavnica

Authors: Mgr. Dušan Kočický PhD., RNDr. Martin Maretta PhD., Ing. Ivana Špilárová Date: 01/2018 82 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 83

ACTION Expected impacts and Conclusions 3.3.6 Czech Functional Urban Area PLAN In accordance with the above given it projects has done its pioneer work. can be concluded that the Trnava FUA OSTRAVA Action Plan for integrated environmental Thus, expected impacts of the Trnava management represents a pilot midterm FUA Action Plan could be seen both at POPULATION strategic document developed for the national as well as at regional level, 965,338 inhabitants Trnava FUA for the very first time - so as this document can serve as a best far there has not yet been developed practice example for other Slovak AREA so complex analysis of current state of FUAs (regional level) and to support 1949.74 km2 environment in the Trnava FUA as well drawing more attention to this topic as of actual analysis of processes in and contributing to institutional and DENSITY the field of integrated environmental legislation changes at national level. 496 people per km² management and drafted framework actions to enhance such integrated And at local level, i.e. at level of the CURRENT LAND USE attitude toward the land use planning in Trnava FUA itself, it is expected that Urban areas, industrial areas, this area. this document will serve as the main forest mixes, agricultural instrument in planning and decision activities Moreover, an aspect of integrated making in the process of preparation and environmental management is quite implementation of integrated projects ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE unique element here, because it is a in the Trnava FUA safeguarding its Part of Moravian-Silesian specific topic not frequently elaborated integrated development in relation to region in strategic documents and here this sustainable use of natural resources. Administration CURRENT document developed under the UMAT STATUS FUA Ostrava is part of the Moravian- the territorial area, approve territorial The Action Plan was elaborated in March 2018 and it can be found on: Silesian region. Implementation of the planning documents, determine the http://www.trnava.sk/userfiles/file/Ak%C4%8Dn%C3%BD%20pl%C3%A1n%20MFO%20 Action Plan is focused on the level extent of basic transport services for the Trnava%20LUMAT.pdf of the Region and therefore the key region, make decisions on international authorities (Regional Assembly, Regional cooperation, approve the regional The Action Plan with an English concise summary can be found and on: Council) of the Region are mentioned budget, establish and dissolve state- http://www.trnava.sk/sk/clanok/strategicke-dokumenty here. The Regional Assembly performs funded institutions, etc. The Regional where under the point 9. “mapy” can be found map annexes. self-government, its legal assignment Council is the executive body of the is to submit bills to the Chamber of Region within the area of independent Deputies, submit proposals to the authority; the Council prepares Constitutional Court to annul legislation, proposals and documents for meetings of issue generally binding regulations of the the Regional Assembly. Region, coordinate the development of

Use of the area The Spatial Development Principles of its update from year 2015, generally the Moravian-Silesian Region, even in describe brownfields as areas whose 84 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 85

CURRENT use should serve to protect agricultural area of strategic planning at the regional FUA objectives and priorities ACTION STATUS PLAN land, the document deals only with the level, the Development Strategy of the The main objective of the Action Plan, contamination of the soil environment industrial zone RPZ-1 Nad Barborou Moravian-Silesian Region for the years to be implemented through sub-targets, (92.3ha) in order to establish a strategic 2009 - 2020 update from year 2012 deals is to facilitate the regeneration or re-use • reintroduction of unused localities industrial zone, in relation only a part with brownfields in general. Specifically, of brownfield sites. Specifically,improve into functions of the municipalities / identified as RPZ-3 Barbora - Area for the it mentions only one brownfield in the possibility of temporary brownfields cities. location of “Regional Integrated Center territory of Ostrava, namely the Hrušov utilization, prevent new brownfields for Utilization of Municipal waste” is site. emergence through private sector and 1. Priority 1 - Use of the legislative mentioned with an energy source directly public sector support. At the same initiative to create a legislative linked to the Nad Barborou zone. In the time, an increase in awareness of the environment for brownfield extent of potential risks arising from the regeneration support Environment existence of historically used sites will be As part of the project solution, it fact that, during this period, in the monitored. 2. Priority 2 – A dedicated fund for was verified that brownfields are a more precise delimitation of the brownfields regeneration support threat to environmental management Ostrava agglomeration there was an By achieving the main objective, the in the area. On the one hand increase of buildings with total area region will also pursue other partial 3. Priority 3 – Mapping brownfield sites threat from the point of view of of approximately 202.8 ha, In FUA goals: and managing their database, mapping contamination, but also there are Ostrava, a total of 238 locations have sites with assumed contamination, and opportunity to protected agricultural been identified to have brownfield • reduction of loss of agricultural land defining priorities for solution land (soil). In the preparation of features. These are formerly used or Action plans identification and underused areas which for their future • local reduction of air pollutant 4. Priority 4 - Initiation and activation of evaluation was made in relation development need an intervention for concentrations by increasing the share owners and promotion of brownfields to the individual components of their future development, they need of green areas problematic for the public the environment, including the intervention. These are, therefore, socio-economic component of the seemingly easily accessible and usable • reduction of potential hazards 5. Priority 5 - Supporting human FUA Ostrava. Area differences and sites. A number of regenerations of resulting from historically created capital in brownfield regeneration increase of buildings between 2006 brownfields took place in FUA Ostrava but only partially acknowledged problematic. and 2016 have been calculated in the last decade, and yet, more using the GIS analysis performed by than 200 ha of agricultural land were Planning and Strategic Framework the author with use of CÚZK data. consumed. Brownfields within FUA This Action Plan is prepared for the efficiently organization of areas and The result of the calculation is the Ostrava represent 665 hectares of land. needs of the Moravian-Silesian Region. corridors of supra-local importance, Therefore, its focus is in line with the especially public works areas and Elements of FUA identity, Citizens and stakeholders involved key planning documents of the Region corridors (transportation and technical FUA Ostrava is an area historically - several large owners, universities, They are - The Development Principles infrastructure, production and storage, influenced by industrial activity. These entrepreneurs and the public. Public and Development Strategy of the etc.) and publicly beneficial measures are mining and heavy industry. The interest is high; especially the young Moravian-Silesian Region Development (flood control, land-based ecological inhabitants live mostly in cities and generation has a positive relationship Principles are the zonal planning stability system, etc.). the whole territory has a poly-centric to the region and is interested in its document for the entire region. The Strategy for Development of the structure. The main stakeholders are development They mainly set the fundamental Moravian-Silesian Region in 2009-2020 the Region, municipalities, landowners requirements for effectively and (hereinafter the “Strategy”) has been 86 | CHAPTER #3| LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 87

ACTION prepared as a mid-term strategic in Act 248/2000 Coll., on promoting a bottom up system, based on individual the agenda is transferred to the ACTION PLAN document to meet conditions provided regional development. municipalities. This system would imply successor department. The task of PLAN the possibility of agreement and joint the Working group will be to specify Methodology action of more than 100 municipalities, measures and activities to be decided The implementation method is based on stakeholders and the constructive which is not realistic. Therefore, the by the Council. At the same time, it the horizontal and vertical participation entry of the public. It is clear that the second is the top down system, passing will fulfil its tasks as a result of the system. On the horizontal level, it is coordination role must be taken over the implementation to the parent level - Council’s decision. It will monitor the about creating a working group. The by the Moravian-Silesian Investment to the region level. results of implementation of already vertical level implies the cooperation and Development. As a Project implemented activities and measures. of individual municipalities with the Partner, it is motivated to support the Implementation group has three levels: This information they will hand out region, the cooperation between the implementation of the Action Plan. to the Council of the Region. The • Regional Council - executive body of Working group will also be in contact The use of tools (InViTo, LUMATO, etc.) the region in the area of independent with the Consultative group. The concrete implementation tool for • suggest future use for individual competence. The Council is preparing FUA Ostrava is the web site, which brownfields proposals and documents for meetings • Consultative group - prepares has been prepared directly for the of the Regional Assembly, therefore suggestions for the Working group. needs of FUA Ostrava with overlap to • add comments to the individual it is most suitable for implementation It will consist of citizens, non-profit the Moravian-Silesian Region. This is brownfields itself organizations, private business sphere, an interactive environment with the experts and public administrations. possibility of public access. • lookup brownfields • Working group is an executive group The main task of the Consultative composed of representatives of the group is to monitor the impacts Visitors may: • input project intention for Departments. The Working group is of the actions already undertaken brownfields regeneration proposed with respect to the current and to propose modifications and • read the Action Plan and comment it organizational structure of the Region, amendments to the Action Plan in (discuss about it) • communicate with MSID agency – send with the rule that in case of change reaction to the current situation. questions, comments, students can • input new brownfields including send internship inquiries, diploma Expected impacts photos and related information works, etc. The Action Plan aims to streamline and improvement of ecosystem services. accelerate the brownfield regeneration Improving the environment will have a • input examples of successful The goal is to strengthen public process. This will have a positive impact positive impact on all the inhabitants brownfield revitalizations including involvement in the brownfield on the environmental situation of the of the region, therefore it will have a photos regeneration process. entire region (FUA Ostrava) and the positive impact on all the target groups.

Strategies for the implementation, timeline and funding Conclusions programme The first important step in the will continue with Moravian-Silesian The strategy for the implementation of self-government at FUA Ostrava, implementation is the letter of Investment and Development agency of the Action Plan is closely related to were prepared for the preparation of commitment. The Moravian-Silesian organizational support in the preparation the process of its creation. A number the strategy. The conclusions of the Region, by letter dated 11 October 2018, of individual steps towards the gradual of analyses, including an analysis of evaluation showed two ways for a accepted the commitment to establish implementation of each Priority (Action) the organizational structure in the area possible implementation. The first one is a Working Group. The Working Group of Action Plan. 88 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 89

3.3.7 Slovenian Functional Urban Area Environment CURRENT STATUS In FUA Kranj there are several threats on KRANJ soil and land: • over-fertilisation (intensive farming close to urban areas and on protected POPULATION • brownfields (large areas of former areas for drinking water) 96,658 hin. textile industry in FUA Kranj, more than 100 ha just in Kranj) • soil erosion (mountainous area and climate change) AREA • land contamination 2 708.7 km • urban sprawl and soil sealing (despite • high water and flood hazard large number of brownfields and (presence of settlement structures in underused areas, new greenfield DENSITY flood zone areas) developments are identified). 145.14 people per km² FUA identity For the LUMAT project, the FUA Kranj municipalities: CURRENT LAND USE Degraded urban areas was selected as an un-institutionalised area of intervention located in the • City municipality Kranj lower Gorenjska region. It is a highly ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE industrialized area. The FUA Kranj area • Municipality Šenčur N.7 Municipalities was defined based on OECD criteria and eco-system services approach. There • Municipality Preddvor CURRENT Administration are several eco-system services with STATUS The FUA of Kranj is located in the the RAGOR for upper, north-western important impact on the quality of life • Municipality Naklo Gorenjska region in north-western part part and BSC Kranj for lower, south- spreading across more municipalities. of Slovenia. The Gorenjska statistical eastern part of the Gorenjska region. Protected forest of Udinboršt and supply • Municipality CerkljenaGorenjskem region is divided into two parts managed The City of Kranj is the capital city of of fresh drinking water are recognized as by two Regional development agencies, the of the Gorenjska region. two the most important ones. • Municipality Jezersko

Use of the area In the FUA Kranj there are the following • Municipality Tržič. In general, the Spatial development plans in the FUA Kranj. plans in Slovenia use the state’s Apart from Spatial development plans, legislation’s determination, that the City of Kranj and the Municipality settlement’s development is to be of Tržič have documents called Urban FUA objectives and priorities ACTION PLAN provided also with Degraded urban Development Strategy, that focus also The scope of the Action plan for the FUA integrative land management in FUA. areas (DUA) renewal and determine on treating DUA and business zones Kranj is dedicated to the development The Action Plan for integrated renewal for some specific areas of development, including objectives and of strategies, plans and instruments environmental management for the FUA DUA but on the other side, there are some actions. of comprehensive management Kranj is focused on the development of very few guidelines for business zones dedicated to sustainable development the Master Plan for developing industrial development in spatial development and environment embedded into the zones which are now either degraded or 90 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 91

ACTION without any communal infrastructure as • ensuring the quality of the living and plan involves a series of projects and investments, physical developments, ACTION PLAN part of the Functional Area Integrated working environment sub-projects which will include diverse socio-economic and environmental PLAN Environmental Management Strategy. interventions in the form of regulations, measures. The Action plan of the FUA Kranj have to • integrated management of business be understood not as formal instrument and economic zones Methodology but as a steering instrument, an efficient The development of the Action plan sectoral policies tool used following the interest of the • re-activation of degraded and for the FUA Kranj is based on the whole scale of stakeholders, first of all underused areas and prevention of multidisciplinary approach, which • incorporation of the concept of municipalities representing public new brownfields includes interdisciplinary content, ecosystem services as the framework stakeholder processes of elaboration as for the integration of different Priority objectives include: • promoting sustainable mobility for well as scientific inputs on governance optimization functions representing business zones and ecosystem services in the form of variety of interests and stakeholders • efficient management of business decision support tools. in FUA with the focus on sustainable zones • restrictive approach to greenfield soil and land use developments and supporting The methodology of the FUA • encouraging the renovation of approach to brownfields environmental management plan of • poly-centric multilevel governance degraded and underused areas Kranj is based on: as the basic management model • supporting the consolidation of for cooperation management of the (Sub)-objectives include: ownership structure in zones with • integrated management of urban city core and its suburban areas fragmented ownership. development in the FUA of Kranj and institutional framework for the • conservation and efficient understood as a tool for optimization development and implementation of management of natural resources of land-use management overarching integrated FUA plan of Kranj.

Planning and Strategic Framework The findings of the Action plan of outcomes of the plan and associated BACKGROUND the FUA Kranj like identified threats, objectives and targets should be OF THE ACTION PILOT LUMAT CAPACITY ACTION PLAN PLAN FOR provisions of services as development developed and assessed from the PROJECT TOOLS BUILDING potentials of degraded areas together point of their coherence, achievability FOR FUA FUA KRANJ KRANJ with identified tools and measures and responsibilities of actors. Usually should be in the mid and long term scenarios are generated, discussed perspective directly usable in designing and assessed. the linked interventions and implementing regional and local should be tested against policy options Fig.9 The Action plan of Kranj FUa is divided into following main sections municipal spatial and development and identified consequences. plans as programmes. The vision The second part of the planning phase The use of tools (InViTo, LUMATO, etc.) and strategy for the plan as the is focused on preparatory work for plan The development of the LUMAT Action we were able to integrate all data from most interactive stage of the process implementation. The main instruments plan of the FUA Kranj was supported different GIS data sources used in FUA is devoted to the development of are the Action Plan, programs and by the use on the open source web GIS Kranj mentioned above. Integrated data goals, alternatives how to react to projects, which are in detail described based platform called InViTo. The main with graphical representation was used the identified challenges, potentials by the programming/operational DSS tool used in the FUA Kranj was to better communicate proposed actions and problems of the FUA. Expected part of the Action plan. The Action InViTo GIS tool. With the InViTo GIS tool, with stakeholders. The LUMATO tool was 92 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 93

ACTION presented just to local authorities within process of preparation of the regional sprawl and searching synergies ensure sustainability of the FUA Kranj ACTION PLAN the FUA Kranj as a possible additional development strategy. This document, within FUA municipalities with their Action plan after the end of the LUMAT PLAN DSS tool which can be integrated with that will also use the other project public and private stakeholders. project. The Regional development their existing GIS environment. Further results as an expert input, is going to be The FUA Kranj Action plan will be agency of the Gorenjska region, who use of presented methodological prepared as a part of Slovenian regional used as an expert basis for regional also covers the role of business support approach (LUMATO) is considered in the development programme for 2021-2027. development programme, regional centre, was identified and engaged spatial development strategy (new as the Management and monitoring Strategies for the implementation, timeline and funding spatial legislation, 2017) and other organisation for the FUA Kranj Action programme local development documents. This will plan implementation. Successful implementation of the Regional Development Agency of FUA Kranj Action Plan require a very Gorenjska at the beginning of the Conclusions well-prepared management strategy. development of the FUA Kranj Action One of the most important results of new economic zones and reactivation, From the experience of other partners plan was important to get their interest the project will be the establishment revitalization of existing degraded in the LUMAT partnership, but also in the topic and to define possibilities of communication and cooperation areas. The desire is to raise the interest experience from all Slovenian partners, for the implementation of the Action between individual stakeholders at and offer a tool that will stimulate the main issue to be handled was to plan. Also, the early inclusive process different levels. By raising awareness the participation of stakeholders define an institution or create (choose) was important for the definition of and sharing experiences, the project and enable the successful and a network, that would implement realistic tasks and roles, that the will build on the acquired new comprehensive development of FUAs. the Action plan. As this means new Regional Development Agency could do knowledge and build trust among The goal is to establish a methodology tasks for every potential (managerial) to support the implementation of the stakeholders. At the same time, that can be applied to each FUA organisation or a network, the main FUA Kranj Action plan. In January 2018, comprehensive action and management depending on the specific areas of the objective of the implementation the Letter of intent was signed by the plans will enable a balanced and territory. strategy was to find a right stakeholder director of the Regional Development economically efficient development of whose daily responsibilities could Agency of the Gorenjska Region. One relate to the topics of the Action of the important goals was also the plan. To avoid later difficulties, sustainability of the results and the Slovenian partners already discussed Management structure, so the results of about potential key stakeholders for the Action plan are prepared in a way the implementation of the FUA Kranj that it can be used as an expert basis Action plan at the beginning of the for the preparation of the new spatial process. During the process, the most document (according to the new spatial appropriate key stakeholder for the planning legislation, valid from 1.6.2018 Management structure responsible on), the Regional Strategic Spatial plan. for implementation the Regional The document will be prepared by the Development Agency of Gorenjska same Regional development agency. Region was identified. Engaging the

Expected impacts The main objective of the Kranj urban development, preventing FUA Action Plan is focused on inner greenfield developments and urban 94 | CHAPTER #3 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #3 | 95

References for chapter 3

OECD. (2013, September). Definition of Functional Urban Areas (FUA) for the OECD metropolitan database. Retrieved January 18th from OECD: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/ Definition-of-Functional-Urban-Areas-for- the-OECD-metropolitan-database.pdf

Jutta Böhm, Christa Böhme, Arno Bunzel, Christina Kühnau, Detlef Landua and Markus Reinke. (2016). UrbanesGrün in der doppeltenInnenentwicklung. Published by BundesamtfürNaturschutz. Page 209

Brownfieldy: www.brf-msk.cz

https://www.facebook.com/BrownfieldyMSK/ LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #4

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PILOT ACTIONS AND INVESTMENTS 4.1 APPLICATION OF INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL LAND MANAGEMENT IN FUAS 4.2 PILOT INVESTMENT IN RUDA ŚLĄSKA 4.3 PILOT INVESTMENT IN TRNAVA 4.4 OTHER AREAS 98 | CHAPTER #4 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #4 | 99

4.1 APPLICATION OF INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL LAND MANAGEMENT IN FUAS

As the next step – based on the developed common strategy for integrated All these pilot actions are addressed mainly to the general public–the inhabitants of these regions environmental management in FUAs and subsequent Action Plans for the project FUAs who will have better living conditions and standard due to improving aesthetics, quality and safety – the pilot actions were developed and implemented, located in 7 project countries. of places where they live, work and rest. During the development phase the target groups were involved giving the possibility to express comments and ideas on the project partly on municipalities The involvement of stakeholders and citizens played an important role in this phase. website, partly by information events organized in the regions. These pilot actions are showing the practical ways of Action Plans implementation and, of course, physically visible results: they aimed to reach the project objectives Also the local and regional public authorities have the possibilities to see the actions which are on protection of land resources and reduction of urban sprawl in FUAs. examples of improving environmental land management and show the implementation of the developed Action Plans. The content of the pilot actions refers to the specific problems in the 7 countries concerning integrated environmental land management identified in the individual All the project partners were involved in pilot actions implementation using the common FUAs. transnational concept developed in the framework of Action Plans, due to specificity of each of the 7 pilot areas. In the foreground these pilot actions have a strong demonstration character, showing possibilities and solutions which are transferable and replicable also in other areas. Another important reason concerns the experiences made thereby relating to all aspects of the common approach, the acceptance of the actions within the regions and the sustainability of the results.

Physically visible results of the project are pilot actions in form of two investments financed by LUMAT project, they are located in Slovakia and Poland:

• The investment in Slovakia involves • The investment in Poland consists in restoration of neglected natural rehabilitation of the brownfield site park for sport and recreation zone located in the middle of the Ruda in location Štrky in Trnava, aiming Śląska city. The investment creates at securing overall rehabilitation an available open space of a natural, of currently abandoned area of “half-wild” character; this place Štrky. This overall rehabilitation will become the walking and biking opens up this area for broad public route connection of two districts of Trnava City and Trnava FUA as key element of the peri-urban offering possibilities for sport, infrastructure. leisure and relax activities in natural environment.

In the other 5 areas pilot actions demonstrate the implementation of integrated environmental land management based on different actions such as site revitalization plans, business plans for restructuring areas with environmental requirements, mine water use for heating greenhouses. 100 | CHAPTER #4 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #4 | 101

4.2 PILOT INVESTMENT IN RUDA ŚLĄSKA

Design targets edges. They were present on northern even slopes and hide exposed parts of According to elaboration of revitalization the area slopes and in woodlots. There was a spoil heap material. design of zinc spoil heap, in Ruda Śląska need to cut down dangerous crags, make vital targets were indicated such as: • biodiversity protection Construction design range

• remediation and phytostabilization • social participation. Design followed results of above actions • road path system of heavy metals contaminations in and contained the elements listed below: • lighting design Actions preceding the construction design • remediation and phytostabilization of • surveillance infrastructure design The following actions and studieswere GIG Institute top layer of the spoil heap provided: • recreation infrastructure: view • plant cover studies lead by specialists • northern slope and spoil heap top points, grill area, outdoor gym • social participation lead by ARCA from Department of Biology and formation equipment, industrial playground, Studio Environmental Protection, Silesian education path. University, Katowice • meeting with inhabitants of local Design assumptions community which gave range of • various actions undertaken by Main problem and target of actions dangerous sharp and high crags on expectations and propositions; prime municipality designed for area of zinc spoil heap in the northern heap edge; to build conception plan for area developing Ruda Śląska was the soil contamination possibly low cost in maintaining leisure was a result of meeting • greenery inventory of trees on the and the process of the situation infrastructure with possibly broad offer, area dedicated for ground level improving with remediation, to reach vandalism resistible, and with deep • mineralogical and chemical changes safe recreation open space there. connections with local identity and characteristics of the area done by Additional targets were: to mitigate history. prof. Iwona Jonczy from Silesian • indication of metallophyte plants University of Technology, Gliwice spots on the area concerned Remediation Remediation of topsoil in the them with proper safe species. Southern • study of utility features of zinc spoil • analysis of application possibility of area concerned was provided by slope remained nearly untouched with heap deposit done by CB Project and inhabitants expectations. phytostabilization on the top of spoil minor activities provided. Nearly all heap and covering northern slopes with designed activities are connected with State of the heap before the redevelopment clay and new soil layers. That should northern and top area. For southern Most of the surface of spoil heap area In northern part of the area there were prevent inhabitants from the contact slope gradual exchange of plant species was covered by meadow of mixed herb sharp crags of height about 2-3m, above with dangerous substances. That was was planned, and was realized by plants and sparse woodlots. Majority them steep slopes bringing danger of important especially on the top of spoil cutting grass before seed maturity and of herb plants represent metallophyte falling down to space users. heap where the most of sport and leisure sowing target species of grasses, similar species. All above the ground parts of activities would occur. To protect as for phytostabilization. mentioned herbs were contaminated, Some patches uncovered by plants had people against heavy metals present in Phytostabilization design involves the that could bring health problems to revealed rough spoil contaminated metallophyte plants there was planned reduction of the mobility of heavy people while having frequent skin deposit. Partially there could be found destroying of green cover on the spoil metals in soil. That can be accomplished contact with them. boulders of parched slag with sharp heap top with chemicals and replacing by decreasing wind-blown dust and 102 | CHAPTER #4 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #4 | 103

minimizing of soil erosion according to their migration to aboveground stems. meeting in 23.02.2017. Main direction of moved to the west, to be far from high creation of tight plant cover. Reducing paths were kept as well as localization voltage line. New elements of functional contaminant solubility or bioavailability Three species of grasses with diverse of playground, open space sports facility structure were added - mentioned in to the plants depends on pH level and form varieties were used. They are: and playing field. Places for grill were description of construction design. presence of stabilizing substrate. • Lolium perenne - rye grass Development elements The addition of soil amendments, such According to landform change, northern for children play. Furthermore to the as brown coal, and alkalizing agents in • Festuca rubra - creeping red fescue slope was transformed. Limited part was west there is situated the grill area form of lime fertilizers, can decrease left untouched as the “essence of the under canopy of birches. Places for grill solubility of metals in soil and minimize • Miscanthus x giganteus - giant place” - high crag with moss and grass stands are in a form of gravel square pits leaching to groundwater. Most of active miscanthus. plant cover, with matured birch tree surrounded by timber kerbs. chemical compounds of heavy metals are and some outcrop of spoil heap material Dark basalt gravel correspond to zinc blocked this way and neutralized. According to some scientific research with slag sinters. Some information slag but is not contaminated. Stands for these grasses can grow on zinc spoil points of educational path connected grill are separated by the dashed lines The mobility of contaminants is heap habitat and have very limited with slag features and metallophyte of miscanthus. That will give sense of reduced by the accumulation of traces of heavy metals in leafs: plants are placed nearby. The slope has intimacy providing kind of a green wall contaminants by plant roots, absorption been planted with birches, oaks and ash maze for children play. By the centre onto roots, or precipitation within the • Phytostabilizing area - 12266 m2 trees in geometrical groups to support of the area there was build a main path root zone. To provide proper habitat expression of man-made landscape, but joining 1st Maja Street with “Trakt for planned grasses there was designed • Covering of northern slopes with clay with use of native trees. On the area of Rudzki” path. Near western end, on the addition of fertile soil to the top layer and new soil area - 12366 m2 the northern edge there was designed place where the path reaches top ground of the ground. There were chosen grass Land Art made of hornbeam trees. On platform there are concrete hammocks. species especially suitable to limit • Southern slope for gradual species the middle of the heap top there was These constructions have timber cover contaminations in roots and restrain exchange - 17778 m2. designed a view point in form of hill suitable to sit on and handles to mount about 4 m high. own hammock. Leaving hammock for days Social participation in open space could be not reasonable Since 2014 consultations were conducted behaviour, garbage in area, nearby That was made of spoil heap material because of possible vandalism and high with local community within the EU industry, high voltage line and covered by clay, soil and sown by fall of furnaces dust which makes textile program participation within FUA of grass. There was installed lunette, some dirty, especially during rainfall. Chorzów, Ruda Śląska, Świętochłowice. • needs: bicycle and ski infrastructure, benches and educational path point. The social needs and comments were sport facilities, view point, To the north of the view point there Quite near to them there are view indicated, concerning: playground of industrial connotations. was designed a sledge slope. Other concrete boxes with two deck chairs in top area was flattened and treat with each. Intimate space, with view outlined • values: accessible green open space, According to the first consultations,a phytostabilization to neutralize heavy by edge of the box have boards of attractive landforms, connections first conception plan was designed. metals contamination. To the west of the educational path with information about with wider open space system, After thorough assessment of local view point there was located a playing local history, industrial revolution, zinc neighbourhood of shopping centre conditions, treats and relations were field. It will be sown more densely production technology, features of spoil prepared final conception plan in than other places, and will be well heap material and metallophyte plants. • disadvantages: lack of monitoring, February 2017. Its assumptions were maintained. Around the playing field, To the south of main path are located menace of violent hooligan presented to the local community on the there is a low dike with tubes-tunnels three iron factory vats on the slag spot. 104 | CHAPTER #4 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #4 | 105

Vats are filled with soil and planted from the top of spoil heap to playground Recapitulation Lycium barbarum - boxthorn. That are made of mineral-and-resin surface shrub has falling down branches, bright because of steep slope. They provide Revitalization design for zinc spoil heap To support biodiversity nearly all silver-green leafs and can symbolize extreme steep for walking path to give in Ruda Śląska is an attempt to solve as designedtrees are native. Most grass liquid metal in high temperature. Around expression of spoil heap height. Along many problems as possible. According species except ornamental miscanthus vats are small basin with slag gravel one of that paths there is a line of slides to the sustainable development rules are native too. Only groups of shrubs and educational board with zinc and for children play. On the main area there were taken under consideration obscuring electricity transformer iron production technology. Next groups of the playground there is a wooden technology of remediation and stations are introduced ornamental of hammocksare placednear vats.On construction in the form of industrial phytostabilization and were applied to plants with the highest drought the side path curve there is a second - structure with some connotations to all accessible area. tolerance. “small” view point. Following that path coal mine lift tower, drift or some iron one can find open space gym. There is and zinc factory dwellings. Additionally On northern slope there were the Various small architectural forms and either the place for boulder of zinc ore there are various slides and modern play most heavy works of land formation to sport facilities were applied. The with educational board. Some additional equipment which may be associated neutralize all health hazards connected form of them should support local hammocks stand there on the slope edge. with industry but giving the same with contamination and sharp crags. The identity. Educational path is providing On the east border is jumping track for time high quality play proposition. On slope was flattened. Ground surface was information about history of the place, BMX bicycles located in dean made of southern slope there are some spots of covered with clay and clear soil layer. industry connected with the area, local coal mine rock. Slopes of dean will be metallophyte plants left. flora and fauna and sustainability issues. covered by clay and grass. Track path Central area of the top of spoil heap is covered by clay and lime gravel. The They create rhythms of rectangular was threaten with phytostabilization Spatial and architectural solutions have same surface is designed for BMX circus in forms or circles. Nearby there are put and southern slope was maintained original form and should be legible eastern border of area. Circus has a form educational boards with information in the way to rebuild flora structure and easy to use. Small architectural of round dike with ramps about 2m high, about that kind of plants. On the whole with the target to get plant cover not elements, within that area information with walls suited to bike extreme rides area there are boards of educational concentrating heavy metals in above the elements, are resistible for vandalism and jumps. path with information about local ground shoots. On that area, recreation and possibly not too much expensive, history, industrial revolution, zinc activities are highly limited. easy to maintain, repair or exchange. On the south border there is another production technology, features of spoil path going to a playground. Most of paths heap material, metallophyte plants, All solutions are meant to provide safe All solutions were deigned to follow on the area are covered by gravel and spontaneous flora, birds living around and environment for people to rest, spend spatial, social, economical and natural lime stone dust. Only two paths leading area information system. their leisure time and enable some demands of sustainable development sport activities with no health threat. and following ideas of green urbanism, Table.4 Design in numbers Some limited parts of the area were left the local action for biodiversity, untouched to preserve local flora and European Landscape Convention and Construction area 63,735 m2 provide source for natural succession. others. Northern slope for transformation 12,366m2

Remediated area with phytostabilization 12,266 m2

Southern slope for gradual species exchange 17,778 m2

Bicycle facilities for BMX 2,071 m2

Path system 4,387 m2 106 | CHAPTER #4 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #4 | 107

4.3 PILOT INVESTMENT IN TRNAVA

The neglected natural park Štrky located in the north edge of cadastral area of Trnava of municipal and construction waste by scattered waste dumps could be about City in Southwest Slovakia, originally a valuable bio-centre of local importance, had local inhabitants for several decades - 40 years old. gradually changed into an abandoned and polluted greenfield in the past, mainly due to the intensive deforestation accompanied with industrial, agricultural and construction activities, plus the lack of public financial sources, allocated to other investment priorities in the city residential area.

The main aim of this LUMAT pilot action is the overall rehabilitation of this currently abandoned area,and its change for sport and recreation zone accessible for all Trnava FUA inhabitants. Through the restoration, an original natural value will be brought back to this area and will be strengthened as well as ecological stability will be increased considerably. Moreover, overall rehabilitation will open up this area Fig.10 Picture of the Štrky area before the LUMAt pilot investment implementation for broad public of Trnava City and Trnava FUA inhabitants, offering possibilities for sport, leisure and relax activities in natural environment. Development elements and restoration range In accordance with the Realisation should be up to 40 cm. It mainly Trnava City as a regional capital city with more than 64,500 inhabitants still Project Documentation for Building includes preparatory terrain works, substantially lacks publicly accessible natural areas suitable for leisure activities Permit (PD DSP) restoration of the Štrky deepening of depression for water such as parks and forest parks – nowadays there is only one bigger area called area within the LUMAT project composes basin, adjustment of basin strands, “Kamennýmlyn” (in English “Stone mill”), which has been intensively used for of the following main parts: installation of sealing layers and recreational, leisure and cultural activities of Trnava City inhabitants for many years. drilling of water well. A small • Water surface artificial hill called “sunny hill” Background and present state In the central part of the Štrky area will be made from earth left over As mentioned,theŠtrkyarea is located agriculture, industry, transport activities an artificial water surface (lake) after water basin deepening. It will in the north edge of cadastral area of and extensive building up producing air, should be built up, creating dominant represent another significant point in Trnava City and is of app. 300 m2. Part water pollution and noise, have been part of the whole investment. Water the revitalised area serving for relax, of the overall area serves as a shooting negatively influencing this area for many surface consists ofwater basin and sun catching and leisure activities of range, which neighbours Štrky area from years. Originally, this area belonged two lagoons, a depth of the water future visitors. north-west side. to so called “hard floodplain forests” composed mainly of ash, elm and oak From southwest side there is a local trees, however, majority of original communication, parking place and floodplain forests had been deforested small cottages of local gardeners. From and changed into arable land. This northeast and southeast, the Štrky area deforestation had considerably neighbours with arable land. contributed to overall deterioration of this area and slow spread of invasive and From north to south a small local river flight wood species. “Trnávka” flows, which is an over- regional bio-corridor. Its river basin Other factor considerably contributing was regulated in the first half of the to alteration of this area to a “green 20.century, what together with intensive brownfield” had been illegal dumping Fig.11 Visualisation of the water surface realized within the Trnava pilot investment 108 | CHAPTER #4 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #4 | 109

• Vegetation and greenery and underlining dominant character Within the Trnava pilot investment additional setting of grass and leaves Surroundings of water surface should of the water surface in overall also lighting will be installed scrabbling, if needed. Moreover, be grassed by meadow greenery restoration. Furthermore, 120 pcs. composing of lights with light within maintenance of water and of 4,500 m2. Moreover, water and of broadleaved trees will be planted columns 5 m high. Parking lights with marshy vegetation its cutting will be marshy vegetation (835 pcs.) will be in the area. Also, footpaths will be LED bulbs will be used. Furthermore, done together with weeding. Within planted on water surface strands, surrounded by natural under brush distributor and ground cable maintenance of newly planted trees contributing to the water cleaning, what will contribute to natural electricity distribution network will their irrigation will be realised. to consolidating of the basin strands character of the whole area. be constructed, serving not only for Finally, within maintenance of lighting but also for other electricity existing trees and greenery mainly devices, e.g. water pumps. removal/cutting of invasive and flight wood species will be realised. • Maintenance of vegetation and greenery during the 1st year of The proposed design has a significant sustainability positive impact on the local This maintenance will be realized environment, because it supports fauna during the first year of the and flora biodiversity and restoration investment operation and it will of the whole area to its original state, be covered from the city’s own improves water regime and micro- financial sources. Within maintenance climatic conditions of this area, thus of grass plots cutting of grass will also partially contributing to adaptation be done, together with weeding, of this area to climate changes. Pilot investment implementation Fig.12 Visualisation of vegetation and greenery realized within the Trnava pilot investment Due to repetition of public procurement • Unpaved footpaths been designed for pilot investment: for the Trnava pilot investment supplier, A network of unpaved footpaths of wooden benches with seat back and its commencement had to be postponed 1,065 m2 totally made from milled wooden benches without seat back from June 2018 to November 2018 when gravel will be created, starting from placed around the stone grill; also a contract for works was signed with three entrances to the area, leading wooden table place under wooden a winning bidder–the Slovak company to the water surface and joining resting shelter; dustbins with small Swietelsky-Slovakia, spol. s r.o., main footpath rounding around the shed; info panels with small shed; Bratislava. Actually, the first works on the water surface. Moreover, educational circular stone grillas well as wooden site started in December 2018 with rough footpath should be constructed at boxes for birds and bats. All these clean up of the area and first cutting off peripheral parts of the Štrky area items should be certified, with invasive trees. Accordingly, these works where visitors could learn about the simple, natural design, made of had to be interrupted because of a winter local fauna and flora. wood and stone, underlining natural season by the beginning of March 2019 character of the Štrky area. with expected end by June 2019. Such • Small architecture and mobiliari solution, of course, supposes extension Several types of small landscape • Lighting and electricity distribution of the project duration by the end of Fig.13 Commencement of the works architecture and mobiliari have network July 2019. at the Štrky site 110 | CHAPTER #4 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #4 | 111

4.4 OTHER AREAS

The remaining pilot actions in the other 5 countries will constitute parts of Action Development of a concept of a by “beautification” of the current CITY OF Plans showing how to implement the proposed actions. During the development phase garden project on a club basis – urban entrance area (former mining area). VOITSBERG also of these pilot actions the target groups were involved and informed about the community garden. This serves as The implementation will follow within a progress of the related actions. Different events and presentation were organized the a nice “entrée” for the energy park LEADER-project. pilot areas accompanied by publicity activities. In the course of optimizing the energy be enriched with a special greening in CITY OF Pilot action in region Voitsberg use of an office property with 1,600 m2 terms of energy efficiency. BÄRNBACH floor space, the south-facing façade will The development of the pilot action in urban metropolitan area of Graz (final Voitsberg covers building basic elements goal: permanent character). Several Creation of a connection of all garden with regard to a recreational area for LIPIZZANE- of a sustainable cross-community “garden communities of the region are involved and park elements over the cycle way the region and Graz. RHEIMAT: show Lipizzanerheimat” as a recreational by renaturation of “brownfields” / former GARDEN ROUTE network currently under development and producing space for the peri mining areas by individual projects.

A financial model is developed for the This involves the development of a FINANCIAL COMMUNITY Step 1: potential analysis for the heating the implementation and at the same time potential industrial areas in the core venture capital-like fund that should be MODEL ROSENTAL: of greenhouses with mine water (winter provides a comprehensible data basis for area of the Lipizzanerheimat, where set up by the communities and possibly MINE WATER USE FOR vegetables using the waste heat) on a interested parties. young companies are offered the also by the property owners. This fund HEATING former mining area provides clarity for opportunity to obtain space in a cost- acquires the land and makes it available GREENHOUSES effective manner without making large to the founders. capital investments.

Pilot action in Torino The Metropolitan City of Turin is organized Phase 4: Integrated Programme in 11 “Homogeneous Zone (HZ)”. implementation The pilot area is the HZ n.11, named Chierese-Carmagnolese, in the Southeast The model proposed by CMTo within territory of the CMTo territory, within the LUMAT project is embodied in the boundaries of the Piedmont Region. Management Structurewhich is experimentally tested in the HZ Phase 1: Integrated Environmental Chierese-Carmagnolese, with elements of Management structure for the HZ replicability to all the other homogeneous ”Chierese-Carmagnoles Zones of the CMTo.

Phase 2: Development of technical skills In particular, the Management Structure for the Management Structure (CAPACITY was set-up in order to: BUILDING) • stimulate the collaboration, planning Fig.14 Overview pilot area Phase 3: Integrated Environmental and and implementation of inter- Step 2: the garden house is set up and parties start. Territorial Programme of supra-municipal municipal scale actions the marketing measures for interested projects and actions 112 | CHAPTER #4 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #4 | 113

• research, improve and aggregate data national and European resources, Territorial and Environmental Plan • design level (assigned to the Project for an analysis of the context of the in particular with reference to the identified by the Structure defines the Unit, possibly assisted by external vast area 2014/2020 Structural Funds priority intervention strategies for the technicians) FUA and details the operational areas of • exchange good practices on issues of • contribute to the definition of the intervention. The implementation of the • availability of resources. interest Strategic Plan of the Metropolitan City Integrated Program by the Management of Turin. Structure involves the implementation of On the basis of these elements, • facilitate the interception of regional, the projects contained therein. The time the Management Structure of the schedule depends on three elements: Homogeneous Zone 11 identified as the first project to be developed within the • recognized supra-municipal level LUMAT project, the intervention located priority (defined by the control room) in the area called “Fontaneto”, in the Municipality of Chieri.

Pilot action in Leipzig Nordraum There based on three feasibility studies pilot projects have been chosen and which have been carried out in the developed with the involvement of Leipzig pilot region the following stakeholders.

The unused buildings and sealed areas • Result: 2,1 hectares of ecological LEIPZIG on the site are to be deconstructed. compensation The size of the site is 21,260 m2. After the deconstruction of the building and • Costs (Start-Up plan) 600,000.00 € sealed spaces, a greening of the site in the frame of compensation actions is • Monitoring: to take place during the foreseen. upkeep of the property.

The former pig sty is located within an this deconstruction land will become GROSSSTEINBERG area characterized by agricultural uses available that can be used as a free open Fig.15 Metropolitan City of Turin and Pilot area “Chierese-Carmagnolese” and which is broken up in character by space as well as a site for compensation the neighbouring forest and trees along measures or as an alternative for solar The Structure is therefore configured The Structure can define the policies, the train tracks. The ruinous building and panels. as an instrument of “territorial strategies and projects at the FUA the lack of safeguarding for the property cooperation” capable of implementing level, ensuring both the satisfaction create a visually unpleasant and planning • Result: Roughly 1 hectare of a real action program, whose of the specific needs of the specific non-compliancy situation. These are to ecological compensation land implementation responsibilities, reference context, and adherence to be addressed first. With consideration coordinated by the individual identified, the strategies and general objectives given to the landscape, the agriculturally • Costs: (Startup plan) 140,000.00 € can be identified, on a case-by-case of the Metropolitan City of Turin used part of the property can continue to basis, by the participating bodies (Territorial Plan and Metropolitan be used. The construction for the former • Monitoring: to take place during the (Municipalities). Strategic Plan). The Integrated pig sty is to be deconstructed. Through upkeep of the property. 114 | CHAPTER #4 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #4 | 115

NAUNHOF/ The site is not possible to be used sealed can be left to the succession of and waste from these activities in the companies in the Municipality of FUCHSHAIN for a constructional use and for this nature and the central sealed areas can Municipality of Kranj Kranj, depending on the location of reason should instead be used as a be partially de-sealed and ecologically the companies and DUO sites. The compensation site. This can enrich the improved. • a list of major companies in the purpose of this part of the pilot action surrounding agricultural landscape and Municipality of Kranj in terms of the is to check the location interaction strengthen the ecological function of the • Result: Roughly 0.6 hectares of type and quantity of waste generated of DUO and possible IS cases on surrounding green axes of the Threne. ecological compensation land by business activities, and the manner the assumption that the key to a A design that improves the landscape in which it is handled successful IS is based on collaboration can be done as a type of compensation • Costs: Start-Up plan – to be and synergies offered by geographical action according to section 15 of the determined • the presentation of possible IS proximity federal nature protection law. After scenarios between companies in the an initial evaluation of the site, the • Monitoring: to take place during the Municipality of Kranj with regard to • educating stakeholders about IS. surrounding areas of land, which are not upkeep of the property. waste resources and demand for raw This envisages informing companies materials and energy about IS, where cooperation between Pilot action in Ostrava different industrial partners is • the presentation of possible essential in order to achieve common Priority map for areas underused, risks according to the methodology IS scenarios between selected economic and environmental benefits. abandoned and formerly affected by of the Ministry of Environment. It is use includes estimation of the potential implemented according to regional risk of selected areas. This map shows integrated environmental management location of 20 selected sites and system. includes an assessment of the potential

Pilot action in Slovenia The pilot action explores the non- The pilot action steps are: systematic management of degraded urban areas (DUOs) and business zones in • selection of the most important the Municipality of Kranj and adds to the materials and activities in IS in purpose of the LUMAT project, which is Slovenia, including an overview of to strengthen integral land management established networks, European in FUAs with special emphasis on projects and programs, published sustainable use land and the development documents etc. of ecosystem services. • an overview of basic concepts and The objective of the pilot project is to definitions of IS, based on a decision stimulate industrial symbiosis (IS), based by private stakeholders motivated on management of industrial sites. At the to exchange (waste) resources for same time, the pilot project implements economic reasons the Action Plan of the Functional Urban Region of the Municipality of Kranj. • an overview of production, services, LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #5

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PHOTOCONTEST 118 | CHAPTER #5 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #5 | 119

PHOTOCONTEST

The LUMAT project, in order reach a with the LUMAT contents, the technical colours is effectively communicated the and revitalization for new functions wider audience and to disseminate quality and the aesthetic impact. new vitality for polluted ground fields, such as the museum of industry in Malé its results, raising awareness on the recovered through innovative techniques Karpaty. In the opinion of the jury, the delicate balance between man and The first prize was awarded to Lucio of environmental management. It has shot evokes a sense of loneliness and nature, has promoted a photocontest. Beltrami for the picture “Dotted line: won for the originality of the caption, its abandonment, thanks to the wise use infrastructures can connect and be courageous and interesting composition, of sepia colours. It shows an elegant The request was to describe through beautiful”, shot in Cuneo (IT). The jury and the stimulating overall impact. composition, with a clear bound to the a photographic image the project’s recognized a picture with great visual subject of the LUMAT project in relation keywords or key-sentences such as: strength, symbolized by the various Miroslav Beňák won the third prize, to brownfield conservation. patterns. The shot underlines the with “Chemical factory in Horné • “Cooperation in land management contrast between the impetus of the Orešany, Slovakia”, shot in Palffy´s In addition to the three winners, also for more liveable places” river and the highway. It metaphorically chemical factory. The author explains two mentions have been awarded to: recalls the flowing of life. The photo that the former chemical factory in • “Integrated environmental also poetically recalls the concept of Horné Orešanywas found in 1880–1883 • “It all looks good from the above” management” integrated environmental management. by count Jozef Pálffy, who built the (author Boštjan Cotič), shot in All the elements of the picture (river, castle in Smolenice some years later. Šmarna Gora, Slovenia. The image • “Functional Urban Areas” road, forest) are potentially infinite, not The factory produced acetone, spirit, represents a glimpse of the territory forced or compelled within boundaries; calcium acetate, varnish, and other of the Kranj FUA. The photographic • “Urban-periurban relationship” the blanket of snow homogenizes the chemical products. It is located in composition includes on different landscape and erases elements of woods of mountain Malé Karpaty, levels all the elements of the FUA: • “Brownfield redevelopment” recognizability, highlighting only the which were the main source of wood the urban, infrastructural and natural relationship between nature and the used in dry distillation. There was element. An interesting composition • “Sustainable Land Use”. functional work of man. Finally, the complete infrastructure around the well described by the caption of the gaze from above admirably emphasizes factory – with colony for workers, author, who underlines “a balance The photo enthusiasts who applied the vast scale. It won for the originality which later transformed to the little between natural capital and the took successfully the challenge, and in the composition, its technical settlement. Wood was transported from needs of society captured in images the complex excellence and artistic merit. the hills with the narrow-gauge track. concept of sustainable environment Fragments of it are still preserved in • “Path in Trnava forest” management, in different declinations: The second prize was won by Marta the country. Today this location is more (author Tomáš Tvaroška), captured denied, desired, possible, realized. They Fudala from Poland, with “Focus on used for recreation, but there is still in Kamennýmlyn, Trnava, Slovakia, stressed the LUMAT approach, which citizens” taken in the LUMAT investment some specific (post) industrial character showing a sustainable land use focus on cohesion of environmental, area in Ruda Śląska, for the section integrated into country with a lot of concerning a greenfield, in particular social and economic aspects. “Cooperation in land management for historical and architectural values. a forest open to human interaction. more liveable places”. In the opinion The whole area of factory is used Thirty-eight images participated to of the jury, the frame capturing the partially, the oldest buildings are All of the photos are visible at the the contest, representing five different building through an unusual point of without purpose. In the context of webpage: countries of Central Europe. A jury of view offers a perspective that recalls tourism in Malé Karpaty and historical www.lumatproject.eu/photocontest three experts evaluated the anonymous enclosure, the willing to escape and importance of the Palffy´s chemical and listed in miniatures in the following entries according to the coherence freedom. Through the skilful contrast of factory there is potential for adaptation pages. 120 | CHAPTER #5 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #5 | 121

PHOTO CREDIT

MENTION 1. Boštjan Cotič It all looks good from the above 1. MENTION 2. 2. Tomáš Tvaroška Forest and small river - Kamenný Mlyn 3. Tomáš Tvaroška Playground - Kamenný Mlyn 4. Tomáš Tvaroška Amphitheater - Kamenný Mlyn 5. Tomáš Tvaroška Trnava lake MENTION 6. Tomáš Tvaroška Path in Trnava forest 7. Tomáš Tvaroška Forest, path and small river - Kamenný Mlyn 8. Tomáš Tvaroška Forest and playground - Kamenný Mlyn 9. Tomáš Tvaroška Playground in the forest - Kamenný Mlyn 10. Tomáš Tvaroška Forest playground - Kamenný Mlyn 11. Tomáš Tvaroška Place for seatting - Kamenný Mlyn 3. 4. 12. Marta Fudala Towards urban green areas SECOND PRIZE 13. Marta Fudala Focused on citizenz 14. Lucio Beltrami X 15. Lucio Beltrami Mirror mirror 16. Lucio Beltrami Home on the Delta FIRST PRIZE 17. Lucio Beltrami Dotted line 18. Lucio Beltrami Ladybug 19. Lucio Beltrami Slash 20. Lucio Beltrami Towers 21. Lucio Beltrami Needle 5. 6. MENTION 22. Lucio Beltrami Peekaboo 23. Lucio Beltrami Horizontal lines 24. Elena Masala Project building 25. Elena Masala Green tube 26. Elena Masala Dreaming Sustainable Places 27. Matteo Tabasso Growing with/in the nature 28. Matteo Tabasso Memories 29. Miroslav Beňák “X” Roof in the train depot 30. Miroslav Beňák “Illegal skatepark” in the train depot 31. Miroslav Beňák The wavy roof in the train depot 7. 8. THIRD PRIZE 32. Miroslav Beňák Palffy´s chemical factory in Horné Orešany 33. Miroslav Beňák Hall of distillery of Palffy´s chemical factory 34. Miroslav Beňák Steam Mill in Trnava 35. Miroslav Beňák Water reservoir in sugar refinery in Trnava 36. Miroslav Beňák Details of sugar refinery 37. Miroslav Beňák Perspective with riveted columns 38. Miroslav Beňák Windows in the main hall 122 | CHAPTER #5 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #5 | 123

9. 10. 17.FIRST PRIZE 18.

11. 12. 19. 20.

13.SECOND PRIZE 14. 21.

15. 16. 22. 23. 124 | CHAPTER #5 | LUMAT PROJECT LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #5 | 125

24. 25. 32.THIRD PRIZE 33.

26. 27. 34. 35.

28. 29. 36. 37.

30. 31. 38. LUMAT PROJECT | CHAPTER #6

6

CONCLUSIONS 128 | CHAPTER #6 | LUMAT PROJECT

CONCLUSIONS

The main aim of the project was to respond and contribute to solving urban land management problems visible in growing negative phenomena such as urban sprawl, soil sealing, still existing brownfields and climate change threats, as a consequence of all above-mentioned problems.

The LUMAT project has indicated how to make some steps forward to get closer to achieve the objectives included in the EU strategic documents concerning “zero land take until 2050”.

LUMAT has also contributed to better understanding and perceiving land and soil as environmental resources, to be protected and managed in a sustainable way. Especially land is a limited resource in urban areas where all development objectives have to be achieved, and all the tasks implemented in a limited territory. The LUMAT results show the ways to manage, what methods and tools are useful and how they can be used.

The main LUMAT’s purpose is the integration of environmental methods and tools referred to land as a resource with the land use management and planning in FUAs. It was an answer to the priority concerning environmental resources in general. However, it should be stressed that another effect of the project has very clearly appeared , which is a significant contribution to the climate change adaptation methods and activities. It can be compared to a climate interactive approach which is using term of “multi-solving”1, when people pool expertise, funding, and political will to solve multiple problems with a single investment of time and money. It is an approach with great relevance in this era of complex, interlinked, social and environmental challenges.

1 https://ssir.org/articles/entry/the_magic_of_multisolving. CONTACT US

Coordinator +48 32 2546 031 ext. 258 Lumat Project Dr. Anna Starzewska-Sikorska

[email protected] Lumat.Interreg Lead Partner IETU - Institute for Ecology of Industrial Areas www.interreg-central.eu/LUMAT @Lumat_Project

IETU - Institute for Ecology EC Energy Center Urban Planning Institute of of Industrial Areas Lipizzanerheimat LTD the Republic of Slovenia PARTNERS Slovak University Ministry of the The City Hall of Ruda of Technology Environment and Spatial Śląska in Bratislava Planning

Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture City of Trnava City of Kranj and Geology

LINKS Foundation Institute for Sustainable Leading Innovation & Development of Knowledge for Society Settlements

Moravian-Silesian Metropolitan City Investment and of Turin Development, a.s.