Volume XXXVI No. 8 August 1981 INFORMATION ISSUED BY THE AOOOATm Of MOSH RmKBS IN OlEAT BRITAK

flats and hc«nes who live entirely on their own. Where do we go from here? Mr. Spiro asked. The Association's sources of income are reducing FORTY YEARS ON in real terms. Should we allow our activities to shrink as age catches up with us, or should we go AJR General Meeting forward mindful of the fact that there will be a continuing demand for our social work for at least another 10 to 15 years? After taking stock care­ The fortieth anniversary of the foundation of lems. He also expressed thanks to Mrs. Margot fully, it is against this background that we have the AJR was a milestone much in the minds of Pottlitzer who, until a few months ago, had decided that we must go forward. The tasks before the participants at the lively and well-attended rendered invaluable services as Associate Editor; us will not go away and it is our responsibility to General Meeting held at Hannah Karminski House new arrangements, he said, were under consider­ tackle them rather than to stand aside—a policy on 16 June. The anniversary provided a sense of ation. which has never been ours. We rapidly came to perspective, enabling members to look back at The Financial Report was delivered by Mr. L. the conclusion that we must broaden the member­ what had been accomplished in the past, and to Spiro, the Hon. Treasurer. He recalled that two ship base of the AJR. This could only be done if look forward to the tasks that still lie ahead. In years ago he had reported, for the year 1978, an in­ we are able to appeal to the younger generation, his welcoming address, Mr. C. T. Marx, Chairman come of £48,000 against outgoings of £51,000; last to our children bom and rooted here, and often no of the AJR, paid tribute to the memory of Dr. year, for 1979, there had been an income of £49,000 longer conscious of or perhaps even interested in Walter Breslauer, one of the founders of the against expyenditure of £52,900. The accounts for their parents' background. It is our aim to appeal organisation, who had given it such invaluable 1980 have produced an income which has risen to to them and secure their concern for the less service over so long a time, and to Mrs. Steffi £52,135 against outgoings of £55,543, constituting fortunate ones in our midst. To obtain this sup­ Panke, who had worked with the AJR office for a loss for the year of £3,408. Income from mem­ port we have created the new class of member­ the last 17 years (they were commemorated in bers' subscriptions and donations had risen from ship—Friends of the AJR. Mr. Spiro asked mem­ 'he July AJR Information). £37,260 in 1979 to £41,028 for 1980. bers to make a personal effort to recruit Friends of the AJR from among their family and acquaint­ Dr. W. Rosenstock, Director of the AJR, first The AJR Charitable Trust owns and administers ances, each recruiting at least one Friend. The ••cported about the recently established Hardship Hannah Karminski, Marie Baneth and Otto Hirsch success of this campaign would probably have a Fund ("Abschlussgeste Wiedergutmachung"). It Houses, where we provide sheltered accom­ decisive influence on the future of the AJR. He niainly refers to Jewish Nazi victims, who could modation for some 24 elderly people. We own and hop>ed that we would all find a way to convey our lot submit their claims under the German Fed­ administer the Flatlet Home, Eleanor Rathbone message to the younger generation, and that they eral Indemnification Law because they reached House, jointly with the CBF, where we provide would respond positively, so that tx)th the financial ^estern countries only after 1965, when the time accommodation for 54 residents, and administer and personal support for the work of the Associ­ hmit had expired. They are to receive single pay- with the CBF four residential homes (Osmond ation can be assured for the 10 to 15 years it will nients of up to DM 5,000 provided that their House, Leo Baeck House, Heinrich Stahl House still be needed. health had been damaged and that they live in and Otto Schiff House) with altogether 190 ^'raitened financial circumstances. The guidelines residents. Our share of these responsibilities is Mr. Spiro pointed out that the various Homes *'so stipulate that five per cent of the Fund known. The cost of our administrative work has provide accommodation for over 240 refugees. available may be granted to institutions which risen sharply, both as a result of inflation, and They need our help, support, and spiritual aid. provide shelter for persecutees. Whilst our cor­ because we have had to intensify our social work The effectiveness of the running of the Homes is responding organisations overseas have submitted to cope with the growing demands of our ageing closely linked with the strength of the Association Applications under this clause, the AJR has linked community. The Association's income alone could and the interest displayed in the needs of our ^s claim with the application of the Central British not finance these social activities in addition to the own people in the Homes. Hind, with which we jointly administer most of publication of AJR Information, this most valu­ Mr. C. T. Marx was re-elected Chairman. The 'he Homes and most of which are the property of able but increasingly costly publication, were it not other members of the Executive and of the Board the CBF. for the generous bequests from our members, who, were also re-elected, and Mrs. H. Lieser, Mr. G. in their wills, have enabled our Charitable Trust Selby and Mr. H. Wetzler were co-opted to the Another point which occupied the AJR during to assist us. Support from the Trust has risen from Board. Jhe year under review was the Nationality Bill, £4,000 in 1978 to £9,000 in 1979, and reached The elections were followed by a most interest­ ^•le of its draft clauses envisaged that children £13,500 in 1980. The Trust has also assisted the ing talk by Mr. Herbert Loebl of Newcastle, who **' naturalised British subjects were not auto- operation of the CBF Homes by making, during spoke on "A View from the North and Refugee "jatically to become British, if they were bom the year, a major donation to the Homes' operating Industries". His talk is printed on page 2. abroad. This clause was withdrawn, but various fund, and so somewhat reducing the deficit there. Political and religious bodies (including the Board Dr. F. E. Falk, Vice-Chairman of the AJR, Mr. Spiro asked that members remember the AJR offered the vote of thanks to the speaker, p>ointing of Deputies) expressed their misgivings about some Charitable Trust when making their wills. principles of the Bill which they considered to be out that Mr. Loebl had corrected the wrong "•scriminatory. Over many years the AJR has also obtained impression of the North prevailing in the South, financial support from the Allocations Committee and that far from being a cultural desert, it was In the field of indemnification, the recipients which administers what remains of heirless pro­ brimming over with a great variety of cultural "[ere unfavourably affected by the present ex­ perty recovered after the War by the Jewish Trust activity. He had also fundamentally altered our change rate. Apart from this, several shortcom- Corporation. Income from this source has de­ mistaken notion that most of the refugees were •18s of the law had been under negotiation with clined, since it is running out. In 1975 we still professionals and businessmen who settled in Lon­ he German authorities, and these negotiations obtained £18,800, but in 1980 only £11,000. The don, and had made clear the magnitude of the ould go on. When receiving enquiries about the tasks before us are not reducing. Most of our contribution of those who had settled in the taxability of payments, we may always fall back activities are now of a social work nature. The North, their energy, enterprise and acumen. Mr. °n the expert advice of our Vice-Chairman, Dr. members are familiar with the splendid work done Loebl's eloquent, lucid and interesting exposition, P- E. Falk. by Mrs. Margaret Jacoby and her helpers for the spiced with humour, was in itself proof of what Turning to AJR Information, the speaker AJR Club, by Mrs. Ruth Anderman with Meals- the North had to offer. ressed that its policy was always guided by the on-Wheels, by our Social Services Department in In summing up, the Chairman, Mr. Marx, ort to create a proper equilibrium between Fairfax Mansions and by all the devoted helpers emphasised the importance of reinforcing and re­ tides and news items as well as between refer- who volunteer to assist and visit the Homes and juvenating the strength of the AJR by promoting "ces to our background and current topical prob­ who also visit some of the elderly in their own the Friends of the AJR to help assure its future. Page 2 An mPOKMATION August 1981

since the end of the First World War, and par­ A VIEW FROM THE NORTH ticularly during and after the economic depression of the 1930's. Let it be enough to say that the consequences of unemployment in these depressed areas—later referred to as Special Areas—which Herbert Loebl's Address at General Meeting reached 80 per cent in some places, were so appalling that even those believing in a free market economy realised that market forces alone Before touching my main topic—and I cannot no indigenous local communities. During the War, would not correct the situation, and that some do more than touch it—let me give you a little there were quite a few evacuees there from the special action was required if the human misery in background both on general and on Jewish mat­ industrial cities of the North East, but no real these areas was to be alleviated and the economic ters: to Londoners, Bedford is in the North, communities developed. waste, represented by heavy and chronic unem­ Manchester and Leeds in the far North, and While the Newcastle Community had contri­ ployment, reduced. Newcastle, where I live and work, is in that vague buted to funds for refugees and had established a Three leading articles in The Times in late no-man's land between England and Scotland. home for children who arrived unaccompanied March 1934 stimulated a course of events from Although that part of the country includes large after November 1938, initial relations between the which regional policy measures developed, industrial areas and heavy industries like coal Community and the newcomers were cool. Part of measures which are still being used today. One of mining, steel and shipbuilding—now much reduced this was a language problem, but the main reason these measures which was eventually agreed was in size—large parts of the area are unspoilt wild was a cultural difference. The local community the construction of Government-financed factories country, and Northumberland is one of the least originated from almost penniless, ill-educated— on Trading Estates and on smaller sites, where densely populated counties in Britain. except perhaps in the Jewish sense—people. The roads and services were provided and which could The main centre is Newcastle upon Tyne, newcomers, although starting life in Britain with be rented for modest sums. although Teesside is growing fast on chemicals and minimal resources, were at least one, if not two But since the depressed areas had little or no petro-chemicals. Newcastle is, in many ways, an generations ahead culturally. tradition of light industries, where were the ten­ ideal-sized city. It is fairly small in itself, about But they were a rather special group in any ants for the new factories to come from? The 220,000 people live there, but it is part of an area case: apart from a small number of students, authorities circulated some 5,000 firms in the more on both sides of the river Tyne as far as the sea academics, doctors or dentists and industrial speci­ prosperous areas of Britain and suggested that they and stretching down to the River Wear which has alists, they all had come to the North in order to might set up branch factories in one of the a population of almost 1 million. One finds there start small manufacturing businesses. Indeed, it depressed areas. Some 4,500 firms did not even all the amenities of good urban living: good was a condition of their admission to Britain that bother to reply and only a dozen or so showed theatre and opera, good international orchestras, they should go to the North. In parenthesis, I any interest. It is not surprising, therefore, that the only permanent chamber orchestra in Britain would like to say that the same applied to those the authorities in the depressed areas were willing with its own purpose-built rehearsal centre, a refugee manufacturers who ended up in Wales or to take tenants from any part of the world. The chamber music society which has just completed in Scotland. Home Office was well aware of this problem and its 100th season, a branch of the National Film from the beginning of 1937 onwards, it suddenly Theatre and many others. Newcastle is a Uni­ began to look upon refugees not only as prob­ versity City with 11,000 full-time degree students Attitude to Newcomers lems—as it had done hitherto—but also as present­ at the University and the Polytechnic. And in case There existed undoubtedly a certain amount of ing opportunities. you think the University is just another red-brick jealousy towards the newcomers, because of their Given that most refugees had very small re­ place, I might tell you that University teaching has apparently high-level start—high-level in compari­ sources, the building of factories would, for most gone on longer in Newcastle than in any other city son with those Jews who came up to 1905, many of them, have been impossible. So perhaps they m England, except for Oxford, Cambridge and of whom were still alive at the time. The recent did not need too much persuasion to go to the London. arrivals were also sometimes accused of a certain North or to any of the other depressed areas, The Jewish Community of Newcastle, which in degree of haughtiness. This did not apply, of although they were not, in most cases, ideal the 1920's numbered some 3,000 souls is now down course, to the relatively small number of families locations from a market point of view. to 2,0(X) and declining but still large enough to which settled in Gateshead in order to be near the And since the major Trading Estate m the support three synagogues, a nursery school, a full- Yeshiva and a life of Jewish practice. They and North was at Team Valley, Gateshead, it is not time first school for children up to 12, as well as their children—even in later prosperity—never surprising that most people settled on the Tyne. In the usual Jewish and Zionist activities, including moved far away from the small and mean terrace other words, refugee industries were established a Maccabi Association housed in a fine building houses in the town where they started. wherever factories were available for rent, and this donated by a local philanthropist, and a small In Newcastle, the Synagogue and Zionist activi­ did not, for example, include Sunderland or Hillel House for students. ties soon overcame these barriers and, after some Middlesbrough before the War. Across the river at Gateshead is the famous years, there was even some intermarriage between The factories were eventually filled by new local Community which now boasts the largest Yeshiva the older and the new families, but, on the whole, enterprise on the one hand, and by refugee firms, and the largest Jewish bookseller in Europe, a first these were not successful. Refugees also took up on the other. The desperate needs of the depressed school, a secondary school, a teachers' training communal responsibilities, particularly in the areas and the equally desperate needs of refugees college for girls and a post-Yeshiva Institution, as charitable field and, for example, the recently to find shelter coincided, to the eventual benefit of well as smaller educational institutions. Whatever retired President of the Jewish Representative both, as I was able to show in a study I undertook one might think of this miniature Vilna, of the Council was a former German refugee, who was on the history of this settlement and of the back­ stubborn way in which an 18th century life style only eight years old when he arrived. ground, both political and economic. is encouraged and perpetuated, Gateshead is a From 1939 onwards—and for most of the War— power house for Jewish education, albeit a narrow there existed an active refugee club, where the To be concluded in the next issue one. The vitality of the community of some 400 newcomers had a chance to meet many of the souls and 300 students is astonishing. people concerned with refugee rescue before the The Newcastle Community recently celebrated War. These included a good many non-Jewish its 150th anniversary, but a large proportion of the people, mainly Quakers and Anglican clergy. I families arrived only in 1905. One of the reasons remember the wife of one of the clergymen—he COME TO THE FAIR for the popularity of the North East Coast was the was also Professor of Hebrew at Durham Uni­ sea link with the Baltic Coast, mainly from Dan­ versity—with particular gratitude. When we were OTTO SGHIFF HOUSE zig. Quite a few of the arrivals went on to the interned, she sent a set of instruments for a string USA. quartet to the camp! There were also quite a 14 Netherhall Gardens number of refugees one met at the club whose The arrival of some 350-400 refugees in the London NWS North made a strong impact on the two major absence from Jewish functions at first seemed odd. communities, Newcastle and Gateshead. The It was discovered only much later that these refugees came mainly from Germany and Austria, people were baptised, and, indeed, some of them Sunday, 23 August at 2.30 p.m. but there were also Czechs, Poles and Hungarians. were active Christians. During and after the War, there were also some Why did refugee manufacturers come to the CAKES, PLANTS, FANCY GOODS Jews who came from France, whatever their North (or for that matter, to Wales and Scot­ RAFFLE WITH SPLENDID PRIZES origins. They settled mainly in Newcastle and land)? And how can the pattern of settlement be Gateshead, but there were smaller settlements in explained? Tea £1 -Children half price North Shields, Bishop Auckland (in S.W. Durham) I shall not trouble you with an expose of the and along the Cumbrian Coast, where there were economic misfortunes of places like the North ever AJR INFORMATION August 1981 Page 3 PERSONALIA HOME NEWS DR. KURT MAY, 85 AUSCHWITZ EXHUMTION CANCELLED UNIQUE MEETING OF SURVIVORS On 15 August, Dr. Kurt May, the General Manager and Chief Executive of the United Amid an atmosphere of blame and disappoint­ A uniquely historical meeting was held in Restitution Organisation (URO) will be 85. Still ment, the organisers of the Auschwitz exhibition Jerusalem when 6,000 survivors of the Holocaust in harness, still working with undiminished energy, still hope ttat it will be seen in the North of gathered from every corner of the world. Among still—as one of our contemporaries called him five England in the near future. It should have opened them were 2(X) from Britain, headed by Frank years ago—the Grandseigneur of Indemnification. in Birmingham Bull Ring about two months ago Green, whose army career included the liberation but, owing to some misunderstanding between the of Belsen concentration camp. There is no need to introduce our readers to organisers and the Birmingham administration, it Such an occasion was naturally one of great URO, the legal aid body established in 1948 to had to be cancelled. George Him, the well-known emotion. Old friends who had given each other help Nazi victims to obtain restitution of spoli­ exhibition designer who was responsible for the up for dead at last found that against all odds ated property and indemnification for wrongs artistic layout of the project, has expressed bitter they had survived to a happy reunion. Others, suffered. The United Restitution Organisation has disappointment at the cancellation. drawn by pathetic hope, could at last accept the represented more than 300,(X)0 claimants and fact of their dear ones' death. Organised by lodged more than* 500,000 claims, figures of CAMPS IN THE CHANNEL ISLANDS gigantic proportions. Although the bulk of the Ernest W. Michael, bora in Mannheim and him­ claims has by now been settled with outstanding A paperback on "The Aldemey Death Camp" self a survivor of the concentration camps, the success, there still remains a hard core presenting by Solomon SteckoU will be published soon. Al­ arrangements included a computer in the "sur­ particular problems, to which the greatly dimin­ ready serialised in The Observer, the book tells vivors' village" set up in the convention centre. ished URO staff, under the leadership of Dr. how the camp was built by 1,0(X) prisoners brought This contained each participant's name and place May, devote their energies. As always. Dr. May from Sachsenhausen. Other camps were set up in of origin so that fellow-citizens and long-lost is indefatigable in applying his legal acumen, his the island, where French Jews were transported as relatives might seek each other out. enthusiasm and above all his unsurpassed and forced labourers. The meeting was also meant to give a living trulj; irreplaceable legal knowledge, to the fight answer to the "denial of the Holocaust" and tape for justice for the victims of the Third Reich. LIBEL VICTORY FOR POUCEMAN recordings of the experiences of each of the The man who shot Abraham Stern, the leader participants are to be lodged in the Yad Vashem On behalf of our many members, whom Dr. of the Stern Gang, nearly 40 years ago, has sucess- archives. At the same time, the opportunity was May's work has helped to obtain redress, we wish fuUy prosecuted Weidenfeld & Nicolson for libel. used to uncover further evidence of Nazi war him and his wife Vera many years of health and Geoffrey Jackson Morton, then a deputy superin­ criminals. richly deserved contentment with his life's work. tendent in the Palestine Police, killed Stern at the Present intentions are that this gathering of SIR KARL POPPER'S POUR LE MERITE time of his arrest in the belief that the terrorist survivors will not be repeated. Shortly after receiving the Leopold Lucas Prize Would carry out his threat to blow up himself and of the Protestant Theology Faculty of the Uni­ his captor. Mr. Morton was exonerated at the versity of Tijbingen, Sir Karl Popper, the dis­ time, but a book on Ben Gurion by Michael Bar TRIBUTES TO MRS. MARGARET JACOBY tinguished philosopher of science and author of Zohar, published in 1979 by Weidenfeld & Nicol­ In our July issue we reported on the AJR Club "The Open Society and its Enemies", was awarded son, called the death a British murder. The celebration of Margaret Jacoby's 99th birthday. The the Pour le M^rite decoration at a ceremony held amount paid to the plaintiff was not revealed in rare event also attracted the attention of the "Ham in the Prussian National Library in West Berlin court. and High" (Hampstead and Highgate Express) in the presence of the Federal President, Karl LETTER EXHIBmON which devoted almost a page to an illustrated dis­ Carstens. Sir Karl's encomium was delivered by cussion of her life. The "Jewish Chronicle", too, the physicist Prof. Freiherr Carl Friedrich von A collection of letters has recently been put on published an article which was very appreciative of Weizsacker, with whom Prof. Popper has long display at the Jewish Museum, Woburn House. Margaret Jacoby's personality and achievements. carried on a lively exchange of ideas. On the same Correspondence lent by the Valmadonna Trust occasion a recently deceased member of the Order, includes letters from Albert Einstein, Leslie Hore- the Heidelberg nuclear physicist Wolfgang Cent­ Belisha, Theodor Herzl and other famous people. OPEN DAY AT OSMOND HOUSE ner (1906-1980) was commemorated, and his close Regretfully, the Museum has reported a drop in connection with the Weizmann Institute was the number of visitors over the past year, prob­ The Open Day on Sunday, 14 June, at Osmond emphasised. ably related to the decline of tourism to this House, was a great success. Although there were Country. However, the total for 1980 amounted to fewer visitors than last year, the financial outcome CHARLEMAGNE PRIZE FOR SIMONE VEIL 5,700 visitors and a number of organised tours was very satisfactory and will ensure the extra have already been booked for this year and next. amenities which the residents so badly need. Auschwitz survivor Mme. Simone Veil, presi­ Thanks are due to the voluntary helpers who dent of the European Parliament in Strasbourg, FROM CONVENT TO SYNAGOGUE worked so hard to achieve this splendid result. has received the 1981 International Charlemagne When the nuns of St. Marie-Auxiliatrice left Prize for her achievements in the service of Euro­ their convent home, the Manor House, Finchley, pean relations and for European co-operation in international understanding. Walter Scheel, the they sold it to the new centre of the Reform A CENTENARIAN AT OSMOND HOUSE Synagogues in Great Britain. Sister Theresa, the former Federal President, reminded the audience at abbess, said she was glad the house, where the Birthday Party for Mrs. Clara Schweitzer the award ceremony that in 1980, when she Convent was established in 1916, had gone to Telegrams from H.M. The Queen and from the received an honorary doctorate from Bar-Ilan another religious community. In the late 1930s it Secretary of State of the Department of Health and University, Ramat Gan, Simone Veil said that the *as a sanctuary for many Jewish schoolgirl refu­ Social Security, Mr. P. Jenkins, were read out at the European Parliament was a symbol of peace and gees who were taught by the nuns. birthday party in honour of Mrs. Clara Schweitzer, a reconciliation and a protection against a repetition resident of Osmond House, who was 100 years old on of the tragedy which so many had suffered. LEGACIES July 13. The Mayor of Barnet, Cllr. Rosa Freedman, Mr. Henry Berkovitch left a legacy of £5,000 conveyed the greetings of the Borough; having been DR. MIA KELLMER PRINGLE ^nd Mrs. Stephanie Ryde a legacy of £300 to the associated with work for Jewish pre-war refugees, A refugee from Vienna, Dr. Mia Kellmer ^JR Charitable Trust. she was able to give her cordial address a personal Pringle, has announced her retirement as Director touch. It was a happy party, attended by members of the National Children's Bureau which she has Mr. Josef Watt of Hampstead, who died in headed since the Bureau's foundation in 1963. Her ^PTil 1980, left £6,500 to the AJR Charitable of Mrs. Schweitzer's family (including her great- '•rust. Most of his fortune will go towards scholar­ grandson), the residents and Matron of the Home as work has been highly praised in educational ships in Israel. well as by members of various Committees who, in circles. one way or another, are associated with the work for DR. LOTTE NEWMAN FREDRIC W.ARBURG the Home. Dr. Lotte Newman, daughter of the late Dr. Frederic Warburg, the publisher of Orwell, Kafka Georg Newman of Edgware, has been appointed ? 8 •'^'""ol'^ Zweig, has died in London at the age honorary secretary of the Medical Women's Feder­ ^n Chairman of the publishing house of Seeker Your House tor:— ation. She is the only elected woman member of « Warburg up to 1971, he befriended a number of FLOOR COVERINGS the council of the Royal College of General Jewish refugees from Germany in the thirties. His CURTAINS, CARPETS, Practitioners, an examiner for the College and its ^ also publishes the Year Books of the Leo representative on the International Society of "aeck Institute. SPECIALITY ENGLISH & CONTINENTAL General Practitioners. Annely ]uda Fine Art DOWN QUILTS, DUVETS, BELSIZE SQUARE SYNAGOGUE DUVET COVERS & SHEETS 51 Belsize Square, London, N.W.8 nTottenham Mews, London WIP 9PJ ALSO RE-MAKES AND RE-COVERS 01-637 55>7/8 ESTIMATES FREE Our new communal hall is available tor CONTEMPORARY PAINTING DAWSON-LANE LIMITED cultural and social functions. For details AND SCULPTURE (established 1946) apply to: Secretary, Synagogue Office. 17 BRIDGE ROAD, WEMBLEY PARK Mon-Fri: 10am-6pni Sat: lOam-lpm Telephone: 904 6671 Tel.: 01-794 3949 Page 4 AJR INFORMATION August 1981 NEWS FROM ABROAD OBITUARIES LOTTE RELNIGER WAR CRIMINALS IN USA PARIS COURT HEARS GERSTEESf CONTACT Well-known for her characteristic art of silhou­ Andrija Artukovic, described as a retired tiook- Professor Robert Faurisson, well-known for his ette, Lotte Reiniger died recently in London. She keeper of 81, is to be deported to Yugoslavia by a«tive part in denial of the Holocaust, is being was the inventor of the animated silhouette and the US Immigration Board. He is accused of sued for libel in Paris by Leon Poliakov, author her "Adventures of Prince Achmet", produced in murdering many thousands of Jews and Serbs of "The History of Antisemitism" and other his­ 1926, was the first full-length cartoon film. After during the Nazi occupation of Yugoslavia. torical works. The action is against a book by leaving Germany in the thirties, she continued Another man who faces deportation, John Professor Faurisson accusing Mr. Poliakov of her work up to the very last years of her life and Demjanuk, was deprived of his US citizenship fabricating and manipulating documents. Particu­ found it growing ever more popular. when it was proved that he had concealed his larly at issue is the evidence of Kurt Gerstein, the past as a notoriously cruel Treblinka guard. Still SS-man who described the gassing of Jews at another alleged war criminal discovered in the Auschwitz and other camps and who was later SHLOMO LOWENBERG US is Karl Linnas. He is stated to have been an found dead. A key witness for the plaintiff was Judge Shiomo Lowenberg died recently in Tel officer in Tartu prison camp, Estonia; one of his Baron Goran von Otter, Swedish Consul in Berlin Aviv at the age of 61. Born in Duisburg, he came accusers is an Estonian who has already served a during the Second World War. The Baron told of to England from Palestine as a law student and prison sentence in the USSR for his share in the his chance meeting with Gerstein when the SS- practised as a barrister during the years of the running of Tartu. man spoke of witnessing thousands of killings at Second World War. His was one of the first Meanwhile, Dr. Mengele of Auschwitz is being Belzec and of his wish to alert humanitarian judicial appointments in the new State of Israel. pursued in Paraguay. Following representations organisations and the Allies to these crimes. His reputation continued undiminished and to­ from West Germany and other States, a warrant Two further court actions are pending in con­ wards the end of his life he was recognised as the for his arrest has been issued. nection with the writings of Professor Faurisson. national expert in tax law. US TO RELEASE THIRD REICH PAINTINGS NEW APPEAL BY DUTCH CRIMINAL MARCEL BREUER Over 6,0(X) paintings and other artistic works Pieter Menten, the millionaire Dutch war crimi­ A major figure in the Bauhaus movement. produced in Nazi Germany are likely to be nal who was sentenced last July to 10 years' Marcel Breuer died recently in America at the returned to the West German Government in the imprisonment, is appealing to the European Court age of 79. Probably he will always be remem­ near future. The pictures were seized at the end for Human Rights. Menten is seeking a re-trial on bered as the first designer of tubular steel furni­ of the Second World War by the United Sutes the charge of complicity in the mass murder of ture, although he was active in a much wider army and transferred across the Atlantic. Some of Jews in Poland. field of architecture and design. Born in Hungary, them are said to be hanging in the Pentagon or in "ANNE FRANK" AS ITALIAN BALLET Breuer trained and taught at the Bauhaus, but left US Government offices. Following many other stage representations of Germany when Hitler came to power. He then Moves for a retum began in 1978 when 10 "Anne Frank's Diary", a Verona company has joined Gropius in the United States, where he won paintings were restored to the German Navy. Mr. now produced it in the form of a ballet. TTie much acclaim as an architect. William Whitehurst, the Congressman who spon­ composer and creator of the work is Luciano sored the Act releasing the pictures, has now Chaillys, a pupil of Hindemith, who has already DR. HANS KOSMALA introduced a Bill for the return of the remaining written 12 operas and four ballets. Breslau-born Dr. Hans Kosmala has died in items. Gloucestershire, aged 77. He studied modem An Army spokesman said that only about 2(X) HUBERT DINING HALL AT languages, science and law. From 1926, he studied pieces in the collection could be described as BAR ILAN UNIVERSITY and taught at the Institutum Judaicum Delitz- glorifying Nazism—the great majority simply Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Hubert and Mr. and Mrs. schianum in Leipzig until it was closed by the depicted themes of Germans at war. The West Walter Hubert of St. Annes-on-Sea attended the Nazis in 1935. He continued the work in Vienna German Embassy has confirmed that its govern­ dedication of the 7(X)-seat Hubert dining hall and under the auspices of the Swedish Mission to the ment draws a distinction between praise of epic cafeteria at Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan. Mr. Jews and came to Britain with his family via deeds and the display of Nazi emblems. Propa­ Arthur Hubert holds an honorary doctorate of Sweden. Here he was helped by the "British Jews gandist works would not be on show to the public. philosophy from Bar-Ilan, and his son, Mr. Walter Society" to open a "Christian Institute for Jewish Among the paintings seized were four water- Hubert, is an honorary fellow. Studies" and was regarded by fellow-scholars as colours painted by Hitler about 1914, showing AUSTRIAN BLOOD BANK IN ISRAEL one of this century's greatest Christian experts in scenes in Munich, Vienna and Belgium. At present The Jewish community of Austria has collected the study of Judaism. He had been baptised as a they are kept under lock and key in a Defence £225,0(X) for the purpose of renewing a blood child, but as a student he read the 20 volumes of Department building, but the German Embassy bank and installing medical equipment at the the Babylonian Talmud from cover to cover, and feel they are harmless and unimportant. The Sheba Medical Centre near Tel Aviv. over here he instilled into his students and friends Bonn Government was not aware of the Hitler respect for the primary Jewish sources. One of his paintings when it first moved for the retum of INNER TUBE HAUL widely-read books is "Hebraer, Essener tmd the collection. Hashish weighing 1,(X)0 kilograms has been Christen" which appeared in 1959. found washed up on Israel's northem beaches. The KU KLUX KLAN EN US AND GERMANY drugs, packed in small bags inside car inner tubes, Two months of police surveillance have ended are valued at nearly £200,000. Police are uncertain in the arrest of four Ku Klux Klansmen in Nash­ whether the hashish was to have been picked up ville, Tennessee. Three of the gang were caught on shore or whether a sea rendezvous failed to with a live bomb outside a synagogue in Nashville materialise. and police believe that a terror campaign against ALL CHANGE FOR EMBASSIES Jewish businesses and institutions has been nipped In an ambassadorial change-round. Mayor in the bud. Guido Brunner of West Berlin has been nomin­ Meanwhile, links between German neo-Nazis ated to succeed the present German Ambassador and American servicemen stationed in West Ger­ to Israel, Klaus SchUtz, while the Israeli Ambas­ many have led to the setting up of a Ku Klux sador to West Germany, Yohanan Meroz, is to be Klan branch in the country. Most members are succeeded by Itzhak Ben-Ari. US soldiers but the number of Germans is said to be increasing and the Public Prosecutor of Rhine- ROWDY BRITISH FASCISTS AT DIXMUIDE land-Pfalz is making enquiries about the situation. Twenty-three British fascists who had joined the annual neo-Nazi rally at Dixmuide were arrested GESTAPO HEAD OF BOLIVIAN GANG by Belgian police after scuffles between rival neo- Bolivian authorities state that Klaus Barbie, the Nazi groups. Flemish nationalists had asked for­ "butcher of Lyons", has become the head of a eign groups not to attend, but 200 members of the 36-strong neo-Nazi paramilitary gang called "The British Movement, the National Front and other Bridegrooms of Death". Seven members of a fascist movements had made the crossing. Others guerrilla band, engaged in drug trafficking and arrested for threatening behaviour and wearing believed to be part of this group, have been military or Nazi uniforms included 51 of the Fights Rust arrested in Brazil. They were found to be carrying West German "Viking Youth". Newly developed. Zinc compounds Nazi pamphlets, pictures of Hitler inscribed "I are some of the finest rust inhibitors.The shall retum" and over 6 lbs. of cocaine. BRUSSELS "DESK MURDERER" Barbie, a naturalised Bolivian living under the Kurt Asche, 72, who was the Nazi head of the synthetic resin base forms a tough skin, name of Klaus Altmann, was the wartime Gestapo Jewish Office of the German seciu-ity police in Brussels which seals the surface from moisture. chief of Lyons. Attempts by the French Govern­ during the occupation, and who sent tens of thousands From all good hardware and accessory stores, ment to extradite him in 1974 were unsuccessful. of Jews to their deaths at Auschwitz, was freed free literature from David's ISOPON, FREEPOST pending the confirmation of the seven year sentence Northway House, London N20 9BR. imposed on him in Kiel. Since both defence and prosecution will appeal, Ascbe is not expected to go With acknowledgement to the news service to gaol before the end of this year. There were strong of the Jewish Chronicle. protests at the lightness of the sentence on the man tUSH'JJ'm who has been called Belgium's Eichmann. AJR INFORMATION August 1981 Page S Werner Rosenstock created personal bonds between all participants but also initiated a new approach to Jewish social work. Several articles of the book carry detailed descriptions of the various organisations and their JEWISH YOUTH IN TRANSITION fimctions. When the Nazis came to power, Ludwig Tietz conducted the negotiations with the newly cre­ Ludwig Tietz and his Time ated "Reichsjugendfuehmng", and it was on the last day before his death that the "Reichsausschuss" was recognised as the only representation of the It is one of the duties of our generation to compassion for his fellow-men. He always had Jewish youth organisations. preserve contemporary history for posterity. We time to discuss other people's problems, and there In the Jewish political sphere Ludwig Tietz was therefore welcome a work recently published by were certainly few like him, who enjoyed the trust one of those who, in 1929, fought for the par­ the Council of Jews from Germany under the title and confidence of so many people during their ticipation of the non-Zionists in the enlarged "Juedische Jugend im Uebergang—Ludwig Tietz formative years. Jewish Agency. Whilst fuUy recognising the values (1897-1933). Sein Leben und seine Zeit" (edited by Yet there was no "holiness" in his conduct. His he owed to German culture and thoroughly Gustav Horn, Kibbuz Hazorea, Verlag Bitaon, Tel blend of Jewish and Berlinish humour came to familiar with it, especially German literature, his Aviv). Copies (£5) may be obtained from the AJR, the fore in all conversations and discussions. The deeply rooted Jewishness had made him aware of 8 Fairfax Mansions, London NW3 6LA. distance arising from the fact that he came from the importancce of Palestine, not only for those The well-illustrated 240-page book testifies to a different milieu than most of his yoimger fol­ who settled there but also for the Jews in the the impact of Ludwig Tietz's personality on Jewish lowers and that he did not live in the style of the Diaspora. The problems involved are described by life and in particular on the Jewish youth move­ youth movement, were no impediments but rather Robert Weltsch in his article "Die kritische ment during the twilight years of the late Twenties gave a special flavour to their relationship to him. Epoche der deutschen Judenheit". Ludwig Tietz's and early Thirties. His role during that period was He began his Jewish activities at the university instinctive antagonism to the diluted Jewishness Unique, and the variety of people who were close as a leading member of the CV Students' Associa­ of wide sections of German Jewry resulted in the to him and contributed to the book preserves the tion. This led to his election to the Board of the formation of a special party ("Positiv-Liberal memory of a man whose name might otherwise CV at the early age of 24. He quickly rose in the Party"), on the occasion of the elections to the have fallen into oblivion. CV hierarchy and eventually became one of its Berlin Jewish Community Board in 1930. The effort failed, but in the long mn, the "Richtung Ludwig Tietz was bom into an upper-class Vice-chairmen. His work for the Jewish youth Tietz" turned out to be right. Many of its fol­ Jewish family in Berlin, distantly related to the movement started with the foundation of the lowers took over responsible positions when the department store family of the same name, but "Deutsch-Juedische Jugend-Gemeinschaft^DJJG)". catastrophe set in. descended from the branch which in 1813 founded Yet he soon acquired a widely recognised repu­ the leading haberdashery firm of Gebrueder Tietz. tation among all sections of the Jewish youth He served in the medical corps during the First movement, and it was only natural that when the Impressed Anglo-Jewry World War, and a sepsis contracted in the hosp- "Reichsausschuss der juedischen Jugendverbaende" 'tal made the amputation of part of his right was founded in 1927, he became its chairman Ludwig Tietz himself had been aware of the thumb necessary. After the war, he had to inter­ (with Georg Lubinski as its first secretary). dangers to German Jewry several years before the rupt his medical studies because he caught tuber­ Nazis came to power. When the new situation called The social enterprises sponsored by the Reichs­ for unified action, he became co-founder and Gen­ culosis and spent one year in a sanatorium in ausschuss or its Berlin section and established Arosa; it may well be that his own illness later eral Secretary of the "Zentralausschuss fuer Hilfe mainly for the socially underprivileged were per­ undfAufbau" which was also the nucleus of the induced him to become a specialist in lung sonally cared for by Ludwig Tietz and his circle of disease. "Reichsvertretung". His activities during the hec­ fellow workers. A special position is to be attri­ tic months of 1933 included repeated journeys to His knowledge of suffering made him not only buted to the Home in Seesen, whose rallies and London to make Anglo-Jewry aware of the situ­ an outstanding doctor, who felt passionately at­ conferences were attended by members of all ation and to enlist their constructive help. The tached to his professional work, but may also youth organisations, whatever their "ideological" impression he made on leading British Jews of Partly explain his general understanding of and position may have been. These meetings not only those days, among them Lord Samuel and Norman Bentwich, was of greatest value in this life- saving effort. The articles in the book include an understand­ ing assessment of Ludwig Tietz's personality by Gustav Horn and a comprehensive description of to complete his Barmitzvah his life story, written by his close friend Friedrich A special gift for a very special occasion: made by craftsmen, The Champion Swiss Army Knife Brodnitz. Two contributions are of special interest was carried by Chris Bonington and his team on the great ascent of Everest. because their authors were, or became, "out­ For years this multibladed pocket knife has been regarded as the world's best, siders". One of them is a radio broadcast by and is the ideal present for every Barmitzvah boy. Robert Jungk, the well known writer, who was a Available in blue with the Star of David, or red with Swiss Cross. Price including packaging and postage £25. member of the "Kameraden". The other article is of interest because its author, Peter Blachstein, some time leader of the Dresden DJJG group, later denied the need for specific Jewish activities, expecting that the problem of the Jews would be solved once a socialist society was established. After the war, which'he spent in exile, Blachstein was one of the first three Jewish members of the Bundestag. He wrote his article shortly before his death and stresses the impact the relationship with Ludwig Tietz had fmade on him notwithstanding their ideological differences. Altogether, the book contains 14 articles, letters by Ludwig Tietz, reports on organisations with which he was associated, quotations from writers who had influenced him and reprints of tributes paid to him at the time of his death by Leo Baeck and other leading personalities (among them Chaim Weizmann). The book is not only of greatest value for those who were close to Ludwig Tietz and for their families. It is also a mirror of the period through which our generation went and, last but not least, a documentary of German Jewry's history. It therefore belongs in the library of everybody to whom one or all of these aspects POR DETAILSWRITE OR PHONE SWISS CUTLERY (GIFTS) LIMITED 1 RIDGE ROAD LONDON NW2 2QR • 01 435 5475 are important. Page 6 AJR INFORMA-nON August 1981

LEO LIPPMANN HALL FROM THE GERMAN SCENE On the hundredth anniversary of the birth of the former Hamburg Finance Senator, a Leo Lipp- PROTESTS AT MAIDANEK VERDICTS CENTENARY PROTEST mann Hall was inaugurated in the Hamburg The leniency of the verdicts at the five-and-a- When the VVDSt (Verband der Vereine Senate House in the Gansemarkt. Dr. Lippmann half-year DUsseldorf trial of Maidanek extermin­ deutscher Studenten—Confederation of German was dismissed from the government service in ation camp officials and guards brought strong Students Unions) recently had a hundredth anni­ 1933 and committed suicide in 1943. The present protests in the court and outside it. While versary celebration in Berlin—and in the Otto Finance Senator described Dr. Lippmann's services Hermine Braunsteiner Ryan was given a life- Braun Hall, no less, named after the Social to the community, and the Hamburg historian sentence, the most severe possible under German Democratic Prussian Ministerprasident—there were Prof. Werner Jochmaim, who had published Lipp- law, Hildegard Laechert was sentenced to 12 years protests from prominent citizens, some of them maim's "Memoirs" in 1964, sketched his per­ imprisonment, SS captain Hermann Hackman to Jews, and mostly from the academic world. They sonality. 10 years, Emil Laurich to eight years, and three protested, in a leaflet distributed before the former SS NCOs, Heinz Villain, Fritz Petrick and celebration, against the VVDSt's policy, since "SPEaAL TRAINS TO AUSCHWITZ" Arnold Strippel, were given six, four and three- 1945, of silence about its long history of anti­ and-a-half years respectively. 250,000 people were semitism. "The centenary celebration", they wrote, A German translation of Raul Hilberg's book murdered in Maidanek. "embraced more than 50 years of the confederation's "The Role of the German Railways in the Ryan, who had emigrated to the US and mar­ militant official antisemitism." Destmction of the Jews" has just been published ried there and was hunted down by Simon in Germany as Sonderziige nach Auschwitz (trans­ EMIGRATED ENGINEERS 1933-1945 lated by Gisela Schleicher for Dumjahn Verlag, Wiesenthal, and was described by the prosecutor A New Research Scheme as "the cruellest of the cruel", was noted for her Mainz, 1981). In his Foreword to the book. Dr. The "Verein Eteutscher Ingenieure—VDI" has Adalbert Rilckerl, head of the Ludwigsburg Nazi personal savagery, had herded people to the gas embarked upon research into the fate of former chambers, and had organised the "Harvest Festi­ Crimes Investigation Centre, points out how the colleagues who were forced to emigrate under the book illuminates the extent to which an apparently val" of 3 November 1943, in which 17,000 in­ Nazi regime, and with the intention of informing mates were shot before open graves. Laechert had neutral institution like the railways can be abused the general public about what happened to them by a totalitarian regime for its own purposes. This had a direct hand in the murder of at least 100 and to their families. Under the chairmanship of Jewish children, set her dog on pregnant Jewish is made vivid by the full bureaucratic panoply of Dr. Karl-Heinz Ludwig, Professor of History at railway timetables and itineraries, tum-around women to tear them to pieces. Hackmann, deputy the University of Bremen, a committee has been commander of the camp, was directly involved in times, carriage-posting, transport reports, corres­ formed which also includes victims of Nazi per­ pondence and invoices, in addition to the photo­ the murder of 2,400 inmates, destroying people secution. "like vermin". Laurich, known as the "angel of graphs gathered from German, Israeli and Polish The first step will be to try to obtain the names sources. E.G.L. death", specialised in blinding people with his and addresses of emigrated engineers, either whip. directly from them or from others who can help Heinz Galinski, chairman of the West Berlin locate them. Any information will be greatly AUSTRIA Jewish community, protested in a statement that appreciated. Then a questionnaire will be sent out Dr. Kreisky's Palestinian Solution the sentences were a miscarriage of justice and an to collect data and documentation about the insult to all victims of the Nazis. "The great In an interview given to "Arab Business Re­ conditions and effects of emigration. This will port", Dr. Bruno Kreisky, the Austrian Chancel­ chance morally to overcome at least a part of the serve as the basis for an account of the lives of ghastly past, has, as so often, been squandered", lor, has discussed the possibility of a Palestinian our colleagues during those dark days. state on the West Bank and Gaza Strip. "If Hitler he said. The ultimate result will be the publication of a In a letter to the Times on 3 July, Dr. Martin and his regime had failed to become established in scholarly assessment in which, however, no names Central Europe", writes Dr. Kreisky, "we would Kolinsky of Birmingham University observed: will be mentioned without the engineer's permis­ "It is not merely criminal individuals who are not have had so many hundreds of thousands of sion. Readers are asked to address communications European Jews going to Israel. But it is now a fact on trial; what is fundamentally at stake is the way to: Dr. Koenig, Bereich Technik Geschichte, in which this past is integrated with the present in that they are there, that they have formed a state Verein Deutscher Ingenieure, Postfach 1139, 4(XX) and want to keep it." His only solution to the a nation's consciousness. Duesseldorf, West Germany. "Although common justice may be beyond reach, problem would be the creation of a Palestinian lassitude or indifference would represent injustice VIOLENCE CHARGE FAILS State. Copies of the paper, which is published in to the memory of the victims and their surviving A freelance Israeli photographer, Leon Schach- Holland, will shortly be seen on British bookstalls. relatives and friends. And beyond them, it would man, has been acquitted by a Bad Hersfeld court be unfair to those in the Federal Republic who following accusations of intimidation and breach have the moral courage to face the dreadfulness of the peace against persons attending the German of their inheritance, and to those everywhere who Right-Radicals' Meeting in Philippsthal last June. try to comprehend the human devastation which The six witnesses appearing against him became the trials recall." so involved in contradictory evidence that the Remember (^cial prosecutor had to admit there was no LEO BAECK HONOURED proof of intimidation. The case collapsed com­ pletely when a fihn of the meeting, made by the Israel Rabbi Leo Baeck has been commemorated in a right-wing radicals themselves, failed to show new synagogue named after him and recently any physical violence on the part of Schachman, So Israel may remember you consecrated in the Jewish Senior Citizens' Centre and the bench dismissed the charges. in West Berlin. CEMETERIES AS SOURCES OF HISTORY If you wish Israel and Jewish Two members of the Free Democrats (Liberals) in the Hesse Land Parliament, Dr Sybille Engel Organisations to benefit by your and Ruth Wagner, have asked for a complete list of Jewish cemeteries in Hesse, stating what is Will, why not consult us? THE GARDEN CLINIC being done by the Land Government and by Jewish communities to preserve them as sources We have a special knowledge of 46/SO Sunny Gardens Road for the research into Jewish history. They said the problems and needs of that many of the tombstones have been damaged London NW4 IRX by pollution and the Hebrew iascriptions were Jewish Clients, and can help you difficult to decipher. They should be_ listed and or your Solicitor to carry out your A modern 30-bed surgical and medical preserved as far as possible, and their inscriptions should be transcribed and, where necessary, trans­ Intentions. unit providing excellent 24-hour nursing lated. The government was asked to state how care in attractively furnished bedrooms much money it was prepared to provide to safe­ For further information and available with and without bathrooms. guard these unique sources of historical research. Rooms are fitted with colour television, The Historical Commission for the History of advice, without obligation and the Jews in Hesse had an amount of about f 17,(X)0 radio and nurse call systems. p.a. at its disposal, and Bingo Clubs had provided free of charge, please apply to: another £4,000 for the upkeep of Jewish tombstone Long and short term stay catered for, inscriptions, but this was not enough. City and also convalescence and holiday periods. Ex­ district councils should also be asked to make Mr H. Rothman (Director) cellent food provided and all diets can be contributions. K.K.L. Executor & Trustee Co. Ltd. catered for. NEW SYNAGOGUE FOR KREFELD A new synagogue has been dedicated in Krefeld Harold Poster House, in the presence of the Lord Mayor, of municipal Kingsbury Circle, For further details please contact officials and of church ministers. To rnark the London, NW9 9SP. Matron: Miss McLeod, 01-203 0111 occasion, the municipality is sending copies of its publication, "Krefelder Studien 2-Krefelder Telephone: 01-204 9911, Ext: 36 Juden" to all former Jewish citizens whose addresses are known. AJR INFORMATION August 1981 Page? Friedrich Walter Deutschtum ablegte. Aus den mehr als drei Seiten seiner Aufzechnungen daruber will und kann ich hier nur einige wenige Stellen zitieren; "Die Judenheit jedoch ist kein Volk mehr, wie sie es PAUL MUEHSAM'S TAGEBUECHER einst war . . . Wie schon der sephardische Jude sich gegen den askenasischen abscbloss ... so UND SEIN "AHASVER" steht auch dem deutschen Juden derjenige deutsche Christ, der sich auf gleicher kultureller Stufe mit ihm befindet, naher als der polnische und selbst der franzSsische Jude . . . Der euio- Die hochst bedeutsamen und bemerkenswerten Wer aber, wie Paul Miihsam, jene deutschen paisch orientierte Jude, mag er noch so sehr an Tagebiicher des SchriftsteUers und Philosophen Schauspieler und ihre Ktmst in den Auffiihrungen seiner Vergangenheit Mngen, weiss garnicht, wie Paul MUhsam sind jetzt im Rosgarten Verlag, der Berliner Theater auch noch und besonders tief seine ganze Anschauungswelt in der Kultur Konstanz, erschienen (DM 24.00). Sie sind von noch nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg miterlebt hat, des Staates, in die seine Vorfahren hineinwuchsen, seiner Tochter Else Levi-MUhsam klug und liebevoU dem gelten sie noch mehr: sie werden ihm in verankert ist. (Selbst der Zionismus verdankt sein ausgewahlt und verstandnisvoU kommentiert. Vor MUhsams Aufzeichnungen bis zu wehmiitiger spontanes Entstehen der nationalistischen Welle zehn Jahren gab sie schon einmal zwei seiner Gedicht- Ergriffenheit wieder lebendig. des letzten Jahrhimderts in Europa.) Die Problem- bSnde heraus, uber die ich seinerzeit an dieser stellung von Kastein ist insofein eine unrichtige. Stelle berichtete. Aus seinen Tagebiichern er- als er nur Zionismus oder Assimilation zur Wahl schliesst sich ein sehr typisches Bild vom inneren Urspning der Familie stellt, in jenem die Konzentration, in dieser und ausseren Lebensgang, der Entwicklungs- Und wem deutsch-judische Familiengeschichte Auflosung sehend." geschichte eines deutsch-jiidischen Dichters und am Herzen liegt, der wird Paul Muhsam dankbar Statt von tragischer Ironie soUte man vielleicht Denkers. sein, aus seinen Aufzeichnungen zu erfahren, dass besser von tragischer Verblendung sprechen. Sie Paul Miihsam war von Hause aus ein Rechtsan- die Familie MUhsam, auch die seiner Frau Irma, ist umso tragischer, als Paul Muhsams TagebUcher walt. Er wurde 1876 in Brandenburg geboren, einer geborenen Kaufmaim, teils rheinischen, teils und Dichtungen sonst nicht ohne einen gewissen besuchte die Gymnasien in Chemnitz und Zittau prophetischen Geist, eine ungetrubte Eingebung Und studierte Jura in Freiburg, Munchen, Leipzig westfalischen Urspmngs war. Nicht ohne Stolz, einen uns rUhrenden Stolz, erwahnt Paul Muhsam, gekennzeichnet sind. Ein Jahr nach der Nieder- und Berlin. Von 1905 an wirkte er in Gorlitz als schiift der obigen Satze musste er seine Anwalts- Anwalt und Notar. Nach dem ersten Weltkrieg, dass seine Vorfahren ursprUnglich Pappenheim hiessen, aus Worms stammten und dass einem praxis aufgeben, wurde mit vielen andern ^hrend dessen er beim Zentralkomitee des Roten schlesisch-jUdischen Juristen fUr kurze Zeit ver- Kreuzes in Berlin tatig war, begann er seine Lyrik seiner Ahnen, weil er sich in der Schlacht von Und Prosa zu veroffentlichen, 1933 emigrierte er Leuthen bewShrt hatte, von Friedrich dem Gros- haftet imd entschloss sich dann noch im selben mit seiner Familie nach Israel, wo er 1960 im sen der Namen "MUhsam" verliehen vsmrde. Ein Jahr 1933 nach Palastina auszuwandem. Seine Alter von 83 Jahren gestorben ist. Vetter von Paul MUhsam Dr. Hans Muhsam, war Frau, eine feinsinnige, zarte, gesundheitlich anfal- lige Frau grundete in Haifa, am Fuss des Karmel, In seinen Tagebuch-Aufzeichnungen begegnen ein bekannter Arzt und Naturwissenschaftler, ein Freund Einsteins, ein anderer seiner Vettern war ein Logierhaus, das sie bis zu ihrem friihen Tod Wir einem Mann dessen lebenslanglicher Konflikt mit grosser Tuchtigkeit und Tapferkeit leitete. Er Und Zwiespalt der zwischen seinem Deutschtum der namhafte linkspolitische Schriftsteller Erich MUhsam, der in der kurzlebigen MUnchener RStere- selbst trug zum Lebensimterhalt der Familie bei, Und Judentum war. Damit hat er leidend und indera er sich, ohne viel Gluck und Erfolg, als zugleich geistig leidenschaftlich gerungen. Er war publik eine gewissen RoUe spielte; er ist 1934 in ein GefUhlsmensch und hatte zugleich einen einem KZ elend zugrunde gegangen. Reklamewerber fUr eine Schifffahrtsgesellschaft, klaren, diwchdringenden Verstand, eine scharfe Es ist nicht ohne tragische Ironie, das als Hypothekenvermittler imd Briefmarkenhandler und treffende Urteilskraft. Beide entsprangen Paul Muhsam noch im Jahr 1932 in einer betatigte. Eine seiner Aufzeichnungen aus dem sowohl seiner Innewendigkeit wie seinem offenen, Auseinandersetzimg mit einem damals vieldis- Jahr 1935 lautet: "Ich muss die Lebenszeit, die

Egon Larsen Rehfisch and Irmgard Litten. After the war, re­ named "P.E.N. Centre of German-speaking Writers Abroad", it began to be joined by exiled authors in the USA, Switzerland, Israel, Latin WORLD fflSTORY America and a few other countries, while 20 writers who had survived Hitler or returned to AND THE GERMAN P.E.N. the Federal Republic founded Germany's new P.E.N. Centre in 1948, soon to be followed by a Earlier this year, the German Library in Frank­ agreed that "a Centre composed of those writers separate Centre in the G.D.R. furt mounted an exhibition dealing with the who left Germany" would be a good idea. This The London Centre celebrated Alfred Kerr's German P.E.N, in exile 1933-1948, about which was the end of the old German P.E.N, and the 80th birthday early in 1948; in the autumn of that this journal reported briefly in its March issue. I start of a new one. year, he undertook the first flight of his life to have now received the catalogue of that exhibition, Its first list of members—no more than a Hamburg, where he suffered a stroke during a which, in 400 pages and with many illustrations, dozen—was submitted to the Intemational P.E.N, performance of "Romeo and Juliet". He died a tells the dramatic—and often tragic—story of the secretary, Hermon Ould, in March 1934. Among few weeks later. German writers who had to leave their homeland them were Heinrich and Klaus Mann, Ernst when Hitler took over. Toller, Arnold Zweig, Lion Feuchtwanger, Bruno For its illustrations alone, its rare photographs Frank, Emil Ludwig, Georg Bemhard, Max Herr- and reproductions of documents (many supplied by It is not just the story of the German P.E.N., archives in the G.D.R.), the catalogue has great it is a substantial chapter of world history and it mann-Neisse, and Rudolf Olden as its secretary. Within a few years, three of them were dead: historical value but also much nostalgic charm. conveys an idea of the frightful hiatus in German There is, for instance, a unique photograph of literature which is still noticeable today through Toller and Klaus Mann took their own lives; Olden, who lived in Oxford, was interned in 1940, Heinrich Mann and Max Liebermann in 1932 and its long-lasting effects. The mere list of exiled Mann's diary of a year later with the laconic entry writers, Jews and non-Jews, is an indication of but British friends succeeded in getting him re­ leased when the New School for Social Research "obgereist"; a snapshot of Oskar Maria Graf in Nazi Germany's loss, not only because it is so his native Bavarian Lederhosen; a jcries of enormously long but because hardly any well- in New York offered him the post of lecturer. Olden and his wife Ika embarked on the City of portrait cartoons by Dolbin, Ossietzky photo­ known names are missing, except those of the graphed among a group of prisoners, guarded by writers who were murdered in the death camps. Benares in Liverpool during a German air-raid. There were nearly 100 children on board. In mid- an armed stormtrooper at the Sonnenburg con­ In June 1933, one month after the burning of Atlantic the ship was struck by a torpedo from a centration camp; Alfred Doblin in his East Berlin the books, the International P.E.N, held its 11th German U-boat, and sank. 73 children and 174 surgery; E. E. Kisch, with clenched fist, arriving Congress in Dubrovnik. "It is ironical that a adult passengers died, among them Rudolf Olden in Australia; a letter from the Preussische Geheime meeting of writers pledged to stand aside from and his wife. StaatspoUzei in 1936, depriving Rudolf Olden of politics should have been the occasion of one of his German nationality because of his masslose the stormiest political demonstrations," reported New London Centre Hetze against the Third Reich; John Heartfield at the Manchester Guardian. The explosion came The group of German exiled writers seemed to the fair on Hampstead Heath; Kurt Grossmann's when H. G. Wells, who had succeeded John have died with its first secretary, but Hermon leaflet to the western world with a fervent appeal Galsworthy as President, allowed Ernst Toller to Ould brought it to life again. In 1941 he asked for help to get the endangered refugees out of address the Congress on recent events in Germany. Alfred Kerr and Friedrich Burschell, both in Czechoslovakia; and a 50-year-old photo of a The German delegates, Nazis to a man, marched London, to organise a new German centre. A yeai lovely young woman who has now, at 87, retired out in protest. In November, the Executive Com­ later, with Richard Friedenthal as its new sec­ as the secretary of the P.E.N. Centre of German- mittee of P.E.N, decided that the gleichgeschaltete retary, it already had three dozen members, in­ speaking Writers Abroad: Gabriele Tergit, who German Centre was "incompatible with the gen­ cluding Gabriele Tergit, Monty Jacobs, Erich took over that strenuous and responsible position eral constitution of P.E.N."; but it was also Eyck, Lehmann-Russbueldt, Carl Roessler, Hans a quarter of a century ago.

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ASSESSMENT OF JEWISH PAST Terence Prittie's Analysis A picture of the Berlin Wall hangs prominently An East German publication on Synagogues in Germany and significantly in the office of Teddy Kollek, Mayor of Jerusalem. It is, Terence Prittie tells us A few years ago Edition Peters, the well-known Discussing the Jewish situation in the Middle in his wide-ranging analysis. Whose Jerusalem,* a Leipzig Music publishers, issued a reprint of Aron Ages, he states: "Da das eigene Recht, unter dem constant reminder of the evils of division and an Friedmann's book on Synagogue Music (reviewed die juedischen Gemeinden standen die oekono- affirmation of his belief that unity must be a basic in AJR Information, October 1979). Now another mische Grundlage der Juden sicherte und von ihrem factor in Jerusalem's future. The point is pressed East German publishing firm, the VEB Verlag der religioesen Bekenntnis praktisch nicht zu trennen home when, in the course of his account of the Kunst, Dresden has brought out a large volume: war, widersetzten sich die Juden den Bekehrungs- history of the City, which forms the first half of Die Synagoge in der deutschen Geschichte (1980, versuchen. Der Uebertritt zum Christentum haette the book, Prittie reaches 1967. Then, division was n.p.). The author, Helmut Eschwege, survived the fuer sie die Zerstoerung ihrer wirtschaftlichen an actuality and the position of West Jerusalem in Nazi period in Estonia and Palestine. In 1946, he Existenz gebracht." some respects worse than that of West Berlin. The returned to Dresden, where he holds a post at the On the other hand, conversions in the 19th cen­ other principles guiding Kollek's policy on Jerusa­ Technical University. He has previously published tury were "nicht ein 'GlaubenswechseV, sondern lem are equality of treatment and rights for all its a book Kennzeichen J which deals with the fate of ein notwendiger sozialer Akt im Kapitalismus." It citizens; that the Jerusalem question should be the German Jewry under the Nazis. may have been ein sozialer Akt, but why should it last to be tackled in searching for a settlement cf The bulk of the present volume consists of be tied to capitalism? the Arab-Israeli dispute and should be treated as illustrations which cover the history of synagogue Even less acceptable is a comment on the Re­ an intrinsic and integral part of that dispute; and architecture in Germany from the 11th century to form movement in Hamburg. The town's Jewish that the question is not insoluble. the post-1945 period. The collection of this mat­ citizens "dachten doch weniger an eine wirkliche Aenderung der Religion als an ihre Geschaefte, erial was no easy task since the Nazis had des­ Author's Solution troyed even pictures of synagogues. Nevertheless, ihre Behaglichkeit und Ruhe." the 241 illustrations—which include cemeteries as To claim that during the Weimar Republic only Prittie, a great admirer of Kollek, has his own well as some historical documents—amount to an a small minority of congregation members {"nur solution, and again turns to Berlin to demonstrate ample survey which covers the main cities and noch wenige Prozent") attended the Services it. "Why, then, should Jerusalem not be given some smaller congregations. For many former seems another exaggeration. 'administrative sovereignty', with full control over German Jews, they will be the book's chief attrac­ It would be unfair to extend these necessary its own affairs? West Berlin manages very well tion. reservations to the whole of Eschwege's text. His with this and, it might be added, a unified Berlin would manage much better". In contrast to the Eschwege's comments on the history of syna­ description of synagogue ritual and its development presents detailed information which will be useful multitudinous solutions suggested (which Prittie gogue architecture are partly based on a dissert­ outlines), it would enable Jerusalem to remain the ation by Harold Hammer-Schenk, Untersuchungen to Jewish as well as non-Jewish readers. The course of events after 1933 is appropriately treated and capital of Israel and also possibly house the turn Synagogenbau in Deutschland von der ersten government of a Palestinian entity. Both Arabs Enaniipation bis zur gesetzHchen Gleichberechti- well documented. Most valuable is the inclusion of the secret Gestapo orders which unleashed the and Jews could participate in the government of gung der Juden (1800-1871). But he has quite the City and thereby prove the viability of true co­ rightly, not least for the benefit of non-Jewish "Kristallnacht" and the subsequent mass arrests and transfers to concentration camps. Also in­ existence. Arab pride, damaged by defeat, would readers, widened the scope by tracing also the be salved by taking an active part in the admini­ development of synagogue ritual in connection cluded are excerpts of the minutes of the notori­ ous meeting, chaired by Goermg, which discussed stration, and Israeli sovereignty would be safe­ with the general trends in the history of German guarded by the built-in Jewish majority. Jewry. the question of insurance for the damage, the collective fine and future anti-Jewish measures. At His conclusions are not always above criticism. the end of this meeting, Goering predicted that, in The majority, Prittie says, would persist given The historical narrative is somewhat casual, fre­ case of war, there would be "eine grosse Abrech- an efficiently operated borough system, and here it quently losing sight of the larger issues by putting nung mit den Juden". is London that furnishes the model. Sir William foo much focus on minor events. One of the Fitzgerald, Chief Justice in the Mandatory Ad­ chapter headings is rather puzzling: it promises Both documents were used at the Nuernberg trial. ministration, first drew on the administration of comments on Die Synagogen in der Zeit der the LCC as a prototype for Jerusalem in his f''Uehbuergerlichen Revolution und des Absolu- August 1945 report. In January 1980 Kollek sent tismus. What follows refers to the pre-emancipation a top-level delegation to study it at first hand. Period in the 18th century, but the term frueh- "i^ergerliche Revolution is nowhere explained, let LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Kollek, fair-minded, humanitarian, bold and im­ alone its relevance to the reports on the congre­ aginative is the real hero of this book. His election gations in Silesia, Frankfurt and Berlin which WILFRID ISRAEL (1899-1943) as Mayor in 1965 was, writes Prittie, "a turning- •occupy most of this chapter. This is but one Sir,—/ am engaged on research into the life of point in the affairs of West Jerusalem". Again, in Sample of the book's methodologncal shortcomings. Wilfrid Israel (1899-1943) and should be glad to October 1969, "The Arab vote was, according to *here is also the doubtful assertion that the Jews hear from any readers who knew him either in analysts, almost solidly for Kollek, as a man who Were expelled from Spain "durch die Pogrome der Germany or, during the last years of his life, in inspired trust and confidence". '^^tholischen Kirche". The expulsion was the result London. I can be reached until 19 August at the ^' a Royal edict, issued in 1492, and even the following address: cjo Brent, 35 Acacia Road, The same can be said of Terence Prittie. fnquisition was concerned only with the Marranos, London NWS 6AS or, after that date, cfo Jones, Whether he is writing of the respective allegiance '•e. Jews who had been converted. 10 Waterside Place, Princess Roaid, London, to the Holy Places felt by Jew, Moslem and N.W.I. NAOMI SHEPHERD More fundamental problems arise from the Christian; of the internal problems of Jerusalem author's commitment to a Marxist interpretation (sports stadium, Ramot Road); or of the inter­ •M history. There can be no quarrel, of course, BERLIN JEWISH COMMUNITY national tensions which make Jerusalem a flash­ Wi'h the attempt to emphasise the sociological Sir—In connection with some research work on point for world peace, he presents the Jewish case ^Pects in Jewish history. But this approach leads the Berlin Jewish community during the years fairly and authoritatively. His is a voice that 'he author to some controversial conclusions. 1932-1939, I am looking for archive material commands belief. which may be in private hands, as well as for •Terence Prittie: Whose Jerusalem? Frederick Muller Ltd., addresses of persons active in the Berlin Jewish London, £9.95. Community. BECHSTEIN STEINWAY BLUTHNHR Kibbutz Hachotrim, Mobile Post Chof Hacarmel, CAMPS Finest selection reconditioned PIANOS Israel. JEHOJAKIM KOCHAVI INTERN MENT-P.O.W.- Always interested In purchasing FORCED LABOUR-KZ well-preserved instruments FORMER WUPPERTAL CITIZENS I with to buy cards, envelopes and folded pott- marked letters from all camps of both world wart. JACQUES SAMUEL PIANOS LTD. Sir,—/ should be grateful if any former Jewish Please send, registered mail, stating price, to: 142 Edgware Road, W.2 Tel.: 723 8818/9 citizens of Wuppertal would get in touch with me. 14 Rostlyn Hill, London, NWS IFF Am Diek 69 ULRICH FOEHSE PETER C. RICKENBACK 5600 Wuppertal 2 Stadtverordneter Page 10 AJR INFORMATION August 1981

BAD NAUHEIM THE JEWISH PAST IN GERMAN TOWNS The Bad Nauheim Synagogue is another one that was not destroyed in 1938, and it is being used again. It was recently visited by pupils of the JEWS IN STEINHEEVf GELNHAUSEN Friedberg School for the Blind as part of their religious instruction. Rabbi Dr. Abrahamovits History and Extinction of tbeir Community One of the few synagogues not burned down in gave a talk on Jewish teaching and history and It is gratifying that not only large and medium- November 1938 was that of Gelnhausen, an old answered many questions. He told them that sized cities but also quite a few small towns con­ baroque building. It had already been sold a year before 1933 many Jews had lived in Friedberg sider it their moral duty to publish records of earlier and was used for secular purposes. It has and Nauheim and that Bad Nauheim now has a their extinct Jewish communities. Among them, subsequently been allowed to fall into disrepair. Jewish community of 90. He also referred to the the book by Johannes Waldhoff, "Die Geschichte A few years ago, a study group of the Department old mikvah in Friedberg, one of the few that had der Juden in Steinheim", published by the "Hei- of History of Art at Frankfurt University started not been destroyed. matverein" 3282 Steinheim 1, Billerbecker Strase 77, excavations in order to find a mediaeval mikvah mentioned in literature and discovered that the 3(X) pp. 35 photos, DM 28, deserves particular WESSELING mention, because it not only meticulously de­ building had been erected, probably in 1734, on scribes the fate of the town's Jewry, but in a much earlier foundations. A preservation order In 1972, Klaus H. S. Schultes published his scholarly way also deals with the legal and was then made which in turn prevented the local "Documentation of the History of Jews on the economic position of the Jews in the district chamber of commerce, which had bought the Left Bank of the Lower Rhine" which contained before their emancipation. The first Jew of the building from a greengrocer, from rebuilding it some information about the fate of the Jewish post-medieval period appeared in the records in for its own purposees. A former Gelnhausen Jew, community of Wesseling, a small industrial town 16(X). In 1808, the Jews were emancipated and had Richard Scheuer, now a US citizen, wrote to Rolf between Cologne and Bonn. It has now been to adopt family names, which are listed in the Muller, a CDU member of the Land Hesse Parlia­ followed by the more specialised "History of the book. Their gradual integration manifested itself ment, pointing out that there were religious Jews in Wesseling", written by the 37-year-old in their economic progress, and a photo of the reasons for not demolishing a Jewish place of sociologist Christoph Ehmann. The booklet con­ Kaufhaus Carl Herzfeld is one of the numerous worship, but the Gelnhausen Synagogue also had tains four interesting lists of names, dating back to examples. The membership of local "Schuetzen- a unique baroque Thora shrine which had no 1860, 1864, 1904 and 1938 and shows that in 1932 vereine" also served as an indication of social equal anywhere else and should be preserved. there were 60 members of the congregation. acceptance and it is noted that, after initial diffi­ After many deliberations, it has now been an­ Among the illustrations there is one showing the culties, in 1891, 16 of the 207 members were Jews. nounced that the Land has managed to provide Jewish hachsharah training centre in nearby The community had its school and its Synagogue funds from its own resources for the restoration Urfeld, which still had 45 members in 1938. The (with organ) in the Marktstrasse. In 1855, it com­ of the building. The synagogue will eventually be building now houses the Swedish Embassy to the prised 131 members. Their number gradually de­ put at the disposal of Gelnhausen to be used for Federal Republic. E.G.L. creased due to emigration into larger cities. cultural events. E.G.L. Among those who left was Herz Hirschland (born 1766), who was described in the town's records as THE LORD FROM ALTENSTADT KALEKO COLLECTION a butcher but who, according to another reference An offset reprint of Hermann Rose's "Geschicht- In the autumn the only self-contained prose in the book, was also the teacher of the com­ liches der Israelitischen Kultusgemeinde Alten- sketches of the poet Mascha KaKko (1907-1975), munity. He moved to Essen in 1810, followed by stadt" has made this book, which first appeared in •'Der Gott der kleinen Webefehler", will appear in his sons in 1815. There, his fourth son, Simon, 1931, available again (inquiries to the Landrat von a new edition and new format, edited and intro­ started his career as a tradesman in textiles as Neu-Uhn, Postfach 1725). Rose (1870-1936) was a duced by Gisela Zoch-Westphal, with a contri­ well as in coal and, to some extent, in steel. Like head teacher and the last Jewish commimal official bution by Horst Kruger ("Days with Mascha many other Jewish tradesmen, he also gave credit of Altenstadt. His privately printed work is dedi­ Kaleko"). The pieces describe strolls through New to customers and, gradually, this part of his busi­ cated "with deepest respect and gratitude to the York's Lower East Side and Greenwich Village. ness became predominant so that on 1 September faithful son and generous patron of this com­ The book is published by Arani Verlag, Berlin, 1841, he founded the famous banking firm of munity, Sir Hugo Hirst, Bt., London." Later 1981, and has 30 pen-and-ink drawings by Horst Simon Hirschland. created Lord Hirst (1863-1943), he was for a long Wolniak. Of the 59 Jews who lived in Steinheim in 1933, time managing director of the General Electric 32 were murdered in concentration camps, five Corporation (GEC). Originally from Altenstadt, JEWISH ROLE IN AUSTRIAN RESISTANCE died a natural death and 22 emigrated. All their he emigrated in his youth from Munich to Lecturing at the London School of Economics, names are recorded by the author. The last Jew England. Rose's work was also the source of the Professor Herbert Steiner of the Dokumentations- to be buried in Steinheim in 1959 was Carl last chapter, about the Jews, in the attractive and archiv des Oesterreichischen Widerstandes pointed Loewenstein who, as a partner of a mixed mar­ well-illustrated booklet "lUereichen-Altenstadt- to the part played by Jews in the anti-Nazi resist­ riage, was deported to Theresienstadt towards the Beitrage zur Geschichte der Marktgemeinde" (im ance in Austria. In particular, he mentioned the end of the war and later returned to Steinheim. Verlag und unter der Redaktion von Anton H. Kampfgruppe Steiermark, a sabotage group in W.R. Konrad, D-7912 Weissenhorn). Styria with several hundred members.

FAMILY EVENTS CLASSIFIED REVLON MANICURIST. Will visit INFORMATION REQUIRED Entries in the column Family Events The charge, in these columns is 50p your home. Phone 01-445 2915. are free of charge: any voluntary for five words plus 50p for advertise­ Personal Enquiries ments under a Box No. WANTED "The Making of an English­ donations would, however, be appreci­ man" by Fred Uhlman, Gollancz I960. Loewengard:—• Information required ated. Texts should be sent in by 15th Situations Vacant Please write to author, 47, Downshire concerning the artist Kurt Loewengard , of the month. WE WOULD WELCOME hearing Hill, London, N.W.3. who died in London in 1940—and the from more ladies who would be will­ whereabouts of any remaining pictures. Births ing to shop and cook for an elderly Please reply Box 882. Reed:— Mr. L. R. and Mrs. Lici Reed, person in their neighbourhood on a 97 Caimfield Ave., N.W.2., are proud to temporary or permanent basis. Cur­ Personal aimounce the arrival of their first grand­ rent rate of pay £1.80 per hour, ATTRACnVE WIDOW, young look­ Goldberg:— D. Goldberg, born in child Lee Alexander, son of Ruth and Please ring Mrs. Matus 01-624 4449, ing, independent, middle sixties, AJR Employment, for Appointment. Plonsk, last known address 18, St. David Reed and third grandchild for N.W.11 district, would like to meet Kilda's Road, London, N.16, looked for Gertie and the late Len Gilbert. refined gentleman (preferably with by Abraham Fuchs' Schlesienstrasse 132, For Sale car). Box 881. Thanks to WeU-Wishers MEISSEN gold embossed large wall- 8602 Memmelsdorf, West Germany. Robert Weltscb:— wants to thank the plate, perfect, £100; also two pairs of DARK, SLIM WOMAN, early 50s, many readers of this journal who sent new rosepink silk brocade interlined Continental origin, divorced, no ties, him messages of congratulations on the curtains for sale. Please phone 486 own house, car, wishes to meet kind, IN CONNECTION with my research occasion of his nintieth birthday, since 3220. intelligent, humorous gentleman up to work about progressive health service he is unable at the moment to answer DINING TABLE 36 X 62", sideboard, early 60s, preferably with car, for under the Weimar Republic I should them individually. This will be done as 8 chairs walnut; 3 pee suite, 2 arm­ friendship, companionship. Box 883. be grateful for any information about soon as possible. chairs, bookshelf unit, 10 Hutschen- the following personalities: Kurt reuther soup plates. Tel: 348 2845 WIDOWER, resident of WestclifTe, Semmel, bom 21.2.1895 in Berlin, Deaths Miscellaneous early 70s, active, interested in music, and his wife Louise Semmel; he was Adler:— Max Adler of 36, Murray FREE ACCOMMODATION offered theatre, walking, reading, strictly kosher, a dentist and she a dental technician; Crescent, Piimer, Middlesex, died sud­ in pleasant C.H. N.W. house by seeks friendship. Box 884. furthermore about Dr. phil Helenc denly on 10th June. He was much loved elderly lady living alone. Nothing Simon (16.7.1895 Nordhausen—1948 and will be greatly missed by his wife required except a little company and WIDOWER, late 60s, seeks lady not London). Prof. Dr. Stephan Leibfried Lia, his children, his grandchildren, his occasional shopping. Mature lady pre­ over 65, house/car, loves life and living Universitaet Bremen, PO Box 33044 relatives and his many friends. ferred. Tel. No. 455 6799. in Surrey. Box 885. 2800 Bremen. AJR INFORMATION August 1981 Page 11 Walter Schwab in the inner core of government and familiar with what was going on, it is to be regretted that he makes no mention in this book about the dis­ cussions that must have taken place at the appropriate time about the future of Palestine MAN OF THE LEFT and about the immigration policy followed by Shinwell's Autobiography HM Government. •LEAD WITH TTHE LEFT. My first Ninety-Six Years. Manny Shinwell, Cassell Ltd., 202 pp. £6.95. Manny Shinwell, a colourful nonagenarian, has they are not significant. However, it is an un­ written a further book of reminiscences.* His deniable fact that he is and acknowledges himself investigations into his early background reveal, to to be a Jew. his surprise, that he was born in the East End of Indeed, he refers at some length to an incident SPECIAL HONOURS London. He has few recollections of those early in the House of Commons during a debate on Eric Mandell, 79, the musician, cantor and years, for his formative period was spent in Foreign Affairs, when he was suddenly interrupted musicologist has been awarded an honorary degree Glasgow where he grew up and lived for a long in his speech by a member from the opposite of Doctor of Humane Letters by Gratz College time. Unfortunately, he has not got much to tell benches who shouted out "Go back to Poland". in Philadelphia in recognition of his great services Us about his family. His father's family came to In retaliation Shinwell hit the offending MP. The to Jewish music. As Erich Mendel, he was, until England from Poland about 1863 and, while some affair eventually blew over and, in the event, it 1939, the Oberkantor of the Bochum community. of them prospered in a minor way, his own father turned out that the offending interjection was not His collection of rare Jewish music (scores, manu­ intended in any way to be anti-semitic. As far as scripts, books, etc.) was lost when he emigrated always seemed to be in difficulty. His mother's (at first to England), but he assembled a second maiden name was Koeningswinter and, he claims. Israel itself is concerned, Shinwell says "I have a collection in America, which he gave to the Music Was a member of a family that emigrated from sense of pride in the State of Israel as an entity." Library of Gratz College in 1970. Germany to Holland and thence to England. Many Those interested in political history will be The Austrian writer Prof. Hilde Spiel was of them were engaged in the diamond cutting and fascinated by this book. Some of the inner dis­ awarded the DM 10,000 Johann Heinrich Merck polishing business. Although Shinwell had some cussions about measures to deal with the high Prize for Literary Criticism in Darmstadt. She Jewish instruction in his youth, little seems to level of unemployment in the 1930's are strikingly spent her refugee years from 1936 to 1%3 in have stuck. The book contains a number of similar to discussions on the same theme being London. glaring errors of fact about Jewish matters, but held at the present time. Although Shinwell was E.G.L.

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entered the limelight in 1936 when her first German-language film "Premiere" coincided with THEATRE AND CULTURE her personal appearance in Benatzky's musical Sweetheart of SO years ago. Articles have re­ actress, member of the original Reinhardt en­ "Axel an der Hinunelstiir." Her deep voice, con­ cently appeared in German illustrated papers deal­ semble in Vieima's "Josefstadt", later the wife of trasting sublimely with the hitherto-used female ing with the charming actress who, as the "Blonder Ernst Lothar, the author and theatre director (who soprano tones, scored triumphs and made her Traum" delighted cinema audiences in the died in 1974), and still occasionally on the stage name. Leander's characteristic mannerism (emphasis Thirties. It seems that English-born Lilian Harvey of Vienna's Burgtheater, is celebrating her 85th on the letter "n" in "wind" and "wunderbar") had a short life, filled with highlights of triumph birthday—Fritz Becker, actor and comedian, well- added to her unique popularity. She remained a and followed by a steep fall into oblivion. Starting known as an all round entertainer in London's Swedish citizen and returned to her native as a dancer in Berlin in 1922, she quickly made "Blue Danube" Club, now retired, is 80 years old. country where, partly paralysed, she spent her last her way into films and, partnered by good-looking Actor Frederick Schiller, who was trained in years in quiet retirement. S.B. Willy Fritsch, conquered the hearts of the German Vienna's Reinhardt Seminar as a pupil of Otto public with such successes as "Liebeswalzer", Preminger and came to this country in 1938, will A GERMAN-JEWISH PUBLISHER "Drei von der Tankstelle" and "Der Kongress be 80 years old on 25 August. He is one of those Erich Reiss Remembered tanzt". However, tastes and times changed, and actors who has had an unbroken career in plays, The achievements of the Erich Reiss Verlag are although Lilian Harvey attempted several come­ cabaret, film and television and has been seen in recalled in a lively and affectionate essay by Dr. backs after the war, results were disappointing numerous larger and smaller roles, on several Hans A. Halbey, Director of the Gutenberg and audiences cool. When critics were sharp and occasions with Ingrid Bergmann, Michael Red­ Museum in Mainz, which has just appeared in the derisive, she sued them and lost, thereby ending grave and other stars. In December 1980 he "Archiv fiir Geschichte des Buchwesens" (Band her career in misery and poverty. She was a lonely played the leading part in J. B. Priestley's "I have XXI, Lieferung 5/6, Frankfurt/M., 1981). In almost shadow of her former self when she died in the been here before" for the BBC World Service. three decades of publishing, Erich Reiss's firm Sixties, barely 60 years old. Two months ago, he was heard on ITV in the published some 400 titles, and among them Gerson documentary "The History of the SS". Frederick Stern's novel "Weg ohne Ende", Rabbi Joachim Vienna. The "Burg" opened its third house Prinz's "Wir Juden" and "Die Reiche Israel und "Probebuehne am Schwarzenbergplatz" with a Schiller has also contributed to the entertainment Juda", Abraham Heschel's Maimonides biography play by Peter Weiss, who is best remembered for in various Homes and Clubs, including the AJR and Soma Morgenstem's novel "Der Sohja des his sensational "Marat-Sade", first seen in 1964. Club, where he has always received thanks and Verlorenen Sohnes". Reiss had published in many Called "Die Ermittlung", it deals with the gloomy appreciation. We hope he will long continue his fields, but from 1933 was confined to the "Jewish background of the Auschwitz concentration camp, tireless activity. sector" alone. Founded in 1908, the firm had to close down in 1936. After a spell in a concen­ the pitiless SIS guards and the tragedy of their Obituary. The death at 74, of Zarah Leander, tration camp, Reiss emigrated to New York, innocent victims. the Swedish Diva, singer and actress brings where he died in 1951. His widow is the famous Birthdays. Adrienne Gessner, the Austrian back the memory of a beautiful woman who portrait photographer Lotte Jacobi-Reiss. E.G.L.

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Pubiiahed by the Association of Jewish Refugees in Great Britain, 8 Fairfex Mansions, London NW3 6LA. 'Phono: General Office and Administration Homes: 01-624 9096/7, Employment Agency and Social Services Department: 01-624 4449 Printed at The Fumlval Press, 61 Lilford Road, S.E.5.