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An Ecological Approach to the Taxonomy of the Genus Alloglossidium (Trematoda: Macroderoididae)

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An Ecological Approach to the Taxonomy of the Genus Alloglossidium (Trematoda: Macroderoididae) Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1975 An Ecological Approach to the Taxonomy of the Genus Alloglossidium (Trematoda: Macroderoididae). William Francis Font Jr Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Font, William Francis Jr, "An Ecological Approach to the Taxonomy of the Genus Alloglossidium (Trematoda: Macroderoididae)." (1975). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 2787. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/2787 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction. 1.The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent pages to insure you complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a good image of the page in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being photographed the photographer followed a definite method in "sectioning" the material. It is customary .to begin photoing at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value, however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from "photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author and specific pages you wish reproduced. 5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as received. Xerox University Microfilms 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 FONT, William Francis, J r., 1944- \ AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE TAXONOMY OF THE j GENUS ALLOGLOSSIDIUM (TREMATODA:MACRODEROIDIDAE). j The Louisiana State University and Agricultural j and Mechanical College, Ph.D., 1975 ) Zoology j Xerox University Microfilms r Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106 THIS DISSERTATION HAS BEEN MICROFILMED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED. AN ECOLOGICAL APPROACH TO THE TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS ALLOGLOSSIDIUM (TREMATODA:MACRODEROIDI DAE) A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillm ent of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy i n The Department of Zoology and Physiology by Wi1liam F. Font, Jr. B.S., Tulane University, 1966 M.S., Louisiana State University, 1972 May, 1975 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to thank the members of my Graduate Committee, Drs. G. H. Lowery, W. J. Harman, J. M. Fitzslmons, and E. H. Weldner for the guidance that they provided throughout my graduate program, and for helpful suggestions concerning this dissertation research. I cannot adequately express the appreciation I have for the education that I have received under the guidance of my major professor, Dr. Kenneth C. Corkum. He shall always be the inspiration of my scien tific endeavors. Many friends have aided me in the collection of specimens for which I am most grateful. I would especially like to thank G. J. Greer, C. A. Elkins, and J. M. Lotz. Mr. R. W. Heard I I I has generously shared with me his knowledge of A1loglossldium in Georgia. I wish to acknowledge Mr. H. M. Turner for his professional s k ill in preparing the photographic plates for this manuscript. I was the recipient of an LSU Summer Fellowship that provided me with an opportunity to undertake extended collections throughout the Southeast. The information gathered from these trips was essential to this research. I wish to express my gratitude to the University for the fellowship, and to the Zoology Graduate Committee Chairman, Dr. J. M. Fltzsimons who was instrumental in my receipt of the fellowship. I wish also to thank the Department of Zoology and Physiology for providing the equipment and transportation that was required during this study. Finally, I would like to thank my w ife, A v ril, who helped me most of a ll. i i TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Acknowledgement ............................................................................................... li Table of Contents........................................................................................... i l l List of Appendix T a b le s.............................................................................. tv List of Appendix Figures .......................................................................... v A b s t r a c t ............................................................................................................ vi Introduction ................................................................................................... 1 Materials and Methods .................................................................................. 9 Results ............................................................................................... J) D is c u s s io n ........................................................................................................ 47 Literature C ite d ........................................................................................... 67 V i t a .................................................................................................................... 102 i i i LIST OF APPENDIX TABLES Page TABLE I. D ifferen tial Morphological Characters of Adult Macroderoides and AiloglossIdium ...................... 12 TABLE II . Differential Morphological Characters of Macroderoides and Allog lossidium Cercariae .... 73 TABLE II I. Differential Morphological Characters Based on a Paratypic Series of A1 log lossidium renale and a Topotypic Series of A. proqeneticum .................. lh TABLE IV Summary of the Collections of the Species of Allog lossidiurn at Selected L o c a litie s .......................... 76 TABLE V. Key to the Species of A llo g lo s s id iu m .......................... 79 iv LIST OF APPENDIX FIGURES Page FIGURE 1. A1 log loss id! um c o r ti. whole mount . ..................... 81; FIGURE 2. Alloglossldlum macrobdellensls. whole mount .... 83 FIGURE 3. A1 loglossldlum progenetlcum. whole m o u n t .................... $5 FIGURE k, Alloglossldlum renale, whole mount ................................. 8 ^ FIGURE 5. A1loglossldlum renale, g e n ita lia..................................... 87 FIGURE 6. Hypothetical example illustrating a method of determining ecological independence ............................. 89 FIGURt 7. Seasonal incidence of Al loglossidium renale in Palaemonetes kadi akens is at St. James, Louisiana. gj; FIGURE 8. Seasonal incidence of Alloglossidium renale in Palaemonetes kadiakens is at Head of Island, Louisiana....................................................................................... 93, FIGURE 9. Uninfected antennary gland of Pa laemonetes kadi a kens I s .................................................................................. 55/ FIGURE 10. Antennary gland of Palaemonetes kadiakensls infected with Alloglossidium renale . ........................ 95? FIGURE 11. Erosion of the tissue of the antennary gland of Palaemonetes kadiakensis by the tegumental spines of Al logloss idium rena l e ..................................................... 971 FIGURE 12. Ecological relationships of the species of Al lo g lo s s id iu m .......................................................................... 99 FIGURE 13. A proposed phylogenetic scheme for the species of Al loglossidium ...........................................................................101 v ABSTRACT A ll species o f Alloglossldlum except A. cortl attain sexual maturity in invertebrates. A. cortl uses a wide range of arthropods as second In­ termediate hosts and becomes sexually mature only in catfishes. A second species of Alloglossidium closely resembles A. corti with regard to host preference, but attains sexual maturity while encysted within the anten­ nary gland of the crayfish Procambarus (Pennides) splcul1fe r . A third species of Alloglossidium uses the fresh-water shrimp as a definitive host and is incapable of parasitizing vertebrates. A. hirudlcola has been reported from the leeches Haemopls sp. and Macrobdelia decora In Wisconsin. A. macrobdellens is parasitizes the leech M. di tetra in Louisiana. The host preferences of one species
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