DOCSLIB.ORG

The Herpetological Journal

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Volume 2, Number 3 July 1992 ISSN 0268-0130 THE HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL Published by Indexed in THE BRITISH HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY Current Contents The Herpetological Journal is published quarterly by the British Herpetological Society and is issued free to members. Applications to purchase copies and/or for details of membership should be made to the Hon. Secretary, British Herpetological Society, The Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NWl 4RY, U.K. Instructions to authors are printed inside the back cover. All contributions should be addressed to the Editor (address below), Editor: Richard A. Griffiths, The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, The University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NX, U.K. Assistant Editor: Margret M. Bray, Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Wye College (University of London), Nr. Ashford, Kent, TN25 5AH, UK. Editorial Board: Pim Arntzen (Leicester) Donald Broadley (Zimbabwe) John Cooper (Tanzania) John Davenport (Millport) Tim Halliday (Milton Keynes) Michael Klemens (New York) Colin McCarthy (London) Andrew Milner (London) Henk Strijbosch (Nijmegen) Richard Tinsley (London) BRITISH HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY Copyright It is a fundamental condition that submitted manuscripts have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. By submitting a manuscript, the authors agree that the copyright for their article is transferred to the publisher if and when the article is accepted for publication. The copyright covers the exclusive rights to reproduce and distribute the article, including reprints and photographic reproductions. Permission for any such activities must be sought in advance from the Editor. ADVERTISEMENTS The Herpetological Journal accepts advertisements subject to approval of contents by the Editor, to whom enquiries should be addressed. FRONT COVER: Common Toad, Bufo bufo (D. Leeton) HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL, Vol. 2, pp. 65-7 1 (1992) 65 REVIEW: ASSESSING EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES: STATUS AND NEEDS RUSSELL J. HALL' AND PAULA F. P. HENRY2 1 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Mail Stop 725, ARLSQ, 1849 C Street, N. W. Washington, DC 20240, U.S.A. 2 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Patuxent Wildlife Research Center, Laurel, Maryland, 20708, U.S.A. (Accepted 5.9.91) ABSTRACT Growing concern aboutthe decline of certain amphibian populations and for conservation of amphibians and reptiles has led to re­ newed awareness of problems from pesticides. Testing amphibians and reptiles as a requirement for chemical registration has been proposed but is difficult because of the phylogenetic diversity of these groups. Information from the literature and research may deter­ mine whether amphibians and reptiles are adequately protected by current tests for mammals, birds, and fish. Existing information indicates that amphibians are unpredictably more resistant to certain cholinesterase inhibitors, and more sensitive to two chemicals used in fishery applications than could have been predicted. A single study on one species of lizard suggests that reptiles may be close in sensitivity to mammals and birds. Research on effects of pesticides on amphibians and reptiles should compare responses to currently tested groups and should seek to delineate those taxa and chemicals for which cross-group prediction is not possible. New tests for amphibians and reptiles should rely to the greatest extent possible on existing data bases, and should be designed for maximum economy and minimum harm to test animals. A strategy for developing the needed information is proposed. Good field testing and surveillance of chemicals in use may compensate for fa ilures of predictive evaluations and may ultimately lead to improved tests. INTRODUCTION was accumulating resulted in the requirement of batteries of tests to register new chemicals for sale and use. The process in­ The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1990) recently released volved research that revealed mechanisms and extent of the a list of endangered and threatened wildlife species that in­ harm, legislation, and regulations for enforcement of restricted cluded 19 taxa of amphibians and JO 1 taxa of reptiles. More applications to prevent a recurrence of past problems. The ex­ than a decade ago, a committee of scientists (Anon., 1977) re­ tent of continued losses of fish and wildlife determine the ported to the European Committee for the Conservation of effectiveness of regulated applications of chemicals. Nature and Natural Resources that at least 30% of Europe's amphibian species and 45% of its reptile species were in danger Losses of fish and birds attracted the most attention and initi­ of extinction. Similarly, an earlier assessment in the United ated legislation and regulations for the application of chemicals. States (Bury, Dodd & Fellers, 1980) estimated that continued Concern was especially high for mammals because of the obvi­ survival of at least 16% of native salamanders and 7% of frogs ous implications for human health. Regulations specified fish, and toads was in jeopardy. More recent studies by the U.S. Fish birds, and mammals as test subjects and required tests to reveal and Wildlife Service (Corn, Stolzenburg & Bury, 1989) of the the kinds of toxicity that had been observed in natural effects of acid precipitation on amphibian populations of the populations of these organisms. If amphibians and reptiles were Rocky Mountain region noted declines of several species, but ever considered, it was presumed that tests conducted on fish, current evidence does not implicate acidification as a primary birds, and mammals would yield a range of toxicity data that, cause of these declines. Worldwide concern over declining when evaluated and implemented with appropriate safety fac­ amphibians prompted the U.S. National Research Council to tors, would also protect these other groups. sponsor a conference in February 1990 to summarize evidence and to seek explanations for the declines (Borchelt, 1990). The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) recently Measures to conserve amphibians and reptiles have been slow, (draft Revised FIFRA Guidelines Document - Subdivision E, and threats from toxic chemicals in the environment are among March 1988) began consideration of pre-registration testing of the threats that have received insufficient attention. The success chemicals for their acute lethal toxicity to amphibians and rep­ of governmentsin ameliorating the effects of toxic chemicals on tiles, using frogs (Rana spp. tadpoles) and adult lizards (Ano/is other biota leads to the conclusion that it may also be possible to carolinensis). In the proposal, works by Hall & Swineford protect amphibians and reptiles. ( 1980) and Hall & Clark ( 1982) were cited as examples of ac­ ceptable protocols for both classes. Several questions are raised Governments, particularly in the developed countries, use by this proposal. Are existing safeguards adequate to protect scientific evidence that certain chemicals are harmful to biota to amphibians and repti les? Would requirement of the kinds of restrict or even eliminate their use. The organochlorine pesti­ pre-registration testing proposed confer additional safeguards? cides, generally broad-spectrum, persistent pesticides, some of Are more effective and more efficient tests available? And, which accumulate in animal tissues, are a well-known example. lacking adequate information on which to answer the foregoing The harm caused in the decades when information on effects questions, how can the information needed be obtained? 66 RUSSELL J. HALL AND PAULA F. P. HENRY We have reviewed the scientific evidence of the toxicity of much more toxic to birds than to fish. Trifluralin, a herbicide of chemicals, evaluated the adequacy of existing knowledge for low toxicity to birds and mammals, is among the most toxic protection ofherpetofauna, and identified a strategy for research chemicals to fish. The potential interaction of the great natural to provide missing information. diversity among amphibians and reptiles and the intentional se­ lectivity engineered into pesticides can result in diverse PROBLEMS IN EVALUATING RISK responses and in unpredicted hazards. DIVERSITY OF AMPHIBIANS AND REPTILES THE N ATURE OF DATA ON CHEMICAL HAZARDS Taxonomic diversity. Reptiles are more diverse than any of Most available information on the hazard of chemicals to the other land vertebrates. Crocodilians, for example, are more vertebrates is in data bases that were generated on groups of ani­ closely related to birds than to turtles. If relatedness is a good mals other than amphibians and reptiles. Probably the greatest predictor of hazard of chemicals, effective predictors for all rep­ volume is on mammals, primarily laboratory rodents. Another tiles do not exist. Pough, Heiser & McFarland ( 1989), relying very large volume of information exists on fish. Less informa­ on the work of Smithson ( 1985) and others, stated that precise tion is available on birds, but much of the knowledge from avian relationships among the major groups of vertebrates cannot be studies is relatively useful because of its focus on hazards to determined. Nevertheless, all indications are that the maj or wild animals in the natural environment. For the great majority groups of amniotes are both distinct and diverse. An Anolis liz­ of chemicals, there is no information on hazards to amphibians ard is probably not a good predictor of responses of crocodilians or repti Jes. and turtles, for example,
Recommended publications
  • Decapod Crustacean Grooming: Functional Morphology, Adaptive Value, and Phylogenetic Significance

    Decapod Crustacean Grooming: Functional Morphology, Adaptive Value, and Phylogenetic Significance

    Decapod crustacean grooming: Functional morphology, adaptive value, and phylogenetic significance N RAYMOND T.BAUER Center for Crustacean Research, University of Southwestern Louisiana, USA ABSTRACT Grooming behavior is well developed in many decapod crustaceans. Antennular grooming by the third maxillipedes is found throughout the Decapoda. Gill cleaning mechanisms are qaite variable: chelipede brushes, setiferous epipods, epipod-setobranch systems. However, microstructure of gill cleaning setae, which are equipped with digitate scale setules, is quite conservative. General body grooming, performed by serrate setal brushes on chelipedes and/or posterior pereiopods, is best developed in decapods at a natant grade of body morphology. Brachyuran crabs exhibit less body grooming and virtually no specialized body grooming structures. It is hypothesized that the fouling pressures for body grooming are more severe in natant than in replant decapods. Epizoic fouling, particularly microbial fouling, and sediment fouling have been shown r I m ans of amputation experiments to produce severe effects on olfactory hairs, gills, and i.icubated embryos within short lime periods. Grooming has been strongly suggested as an important factor in the coevolution of a rhizocephalan parasite and its anomuran host. The behavioral organization of grooming is poorly studied; the nature of stimuli promoting grooming is not understood. Grooming characters may contribute to an understanding of certain aspects of decapod phylogeny. The occurrence of specialized antennal grooming brushes in the Stenopodidea, Caridea, and Dendrobranchiata is probably not due to convergence; alternative hypotheses are proposed to explain the distribution of this grooming character. Gill cleaning and general body grooming characters support a thalassinidean origin of the Anomura; the hypothesis of brachyuran monophyly is supported by the conservative and unique gill-cleaning method of the group.
  • Palaemonetes Kadiakensis Rathbun: Post Embryonic Growth in the Laboratory (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

    Palaemonetes Kadiakensis Rathbun: Post Embryonic Growth in the Laboratory (Decapoda, Palaemonidae)

    PALAEMONETES KADIAKENSIS RATHBUN: POST EMBRYONIC GROWTH IN THE LABORATORY (DECAPODA, PALAEMONIDAE) BY JERRY H. HUBSCHMAN and JO ANN ROSE Department of Biology, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45431, U.S.A. and Franz Theodore Stone Laboratory, Put In Bay, Ohio, U.S.A. INTRODUCTION The study of larval development in decapod Crustacea has become continually refined during the past decade. Historically, the descriptive phases of larval development of marine decapods has been based upon the study of series collected in the plankton. In time, a wide range of species representing a number of decapod orders have been reared from egg to metamorphosis in the laboratory. As a result of this work, much of the variation in size and form observed in the plankton material has also been demonstrable in the laboratory. Five species of Eastern U.S. Palaemonete.r have been reared successfully through metamorphosis in the laboratory. These represent three marine forms: Palaemonete.r vulgaris (Say) and P. pugio Holthuis by Broad (1957a, b) and P. intermedius Holthuis by Broad & Hubschman (1962); and two freshwater species: Palaemonete.r k.adiaken.ri.r Rath- bun by Broad & Hubschman (1960, 1963) and P. paludo.ru.r (Gibbes) by Dobkin (1963). Broad ( 1957b) has demonstrated variation in molting frequency and duration of larval life as a function of diet. It is apparent that the sequence of morpholo- gical and physiological changes leading to metamorphosis bears no direct relation- ship to molting history. Indeed, the control mechanisms involved in both larval processes are not known. In adult shrimp, the initiation of molting is mediated by eyestalk hormones.
  • Proceedings of the United States National Museum

    Proceedings of the United States National Museum

    PROCEEDINGS OF THE UNITED STATES NATIONAL MUSEUM issued Imt^IVvA. sIJMs ^y 'A* SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION U. S. NATIONAL MUSEUM Washington Vol. 86 : 1939 No^ 3953 THE CACTUS-FEEDING PHYCITINAE: A CONTRIBUTION TOWARD A REVISION OF THE AMERICAN PYRALI- DOID MOTHS OF THE FAMILY PHYCITIDAE By Carl Heinrich INTRODUCTION This paper is the first of a proposed series dealing with the Amer- ican moths of the family Phycitidae. It is my intention to publish from time to time revisions of those groups that, in other orders, are usually designated as tribes, and to conclude with a general discus- sion of the family, synoptic keys to these groups and their genera, and, if circumstances permit, an illustrated catalog of the American species. The cactus-feeding group is treated first because names are desired for certain undescribed species reared in connection with the investi- gations of the Commonwealth Prickly-Pear Board of Queensland. For several years A. P. Dodd and his associates on the board have been experimenting with cactus insects in an effort to eradicate or control the pricklypear in Australia. Apparently they have been successful. One phycitid species, Cactohlastis cactorum (Berg), has been liberated in Queensland and New South Wales and seems to have established itself and attacked the "pear" with phenomenal suc- cess. Mr. Dodd has in preparation a book dealing with the experi- ments of the board and the life histories of the insects they have studied. It is largely in anticipation of that book that the present taxonomic paper is offered. 109335—39 1 331 ; 332 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL MUSEUM vol.88 Eighteen genera, 46 species, and 2 varieties are here treated.
  • Crayfishes and Shrimps) of Arkansas with a Discussion of Their Ah Bitats Raymond W

    Crayfishes and Shrimps) of Arkansas with a Discussion of Their Ah Bitats Raymond W

    Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science Volume 34 Article 9 1980 Inventory of the Decapod Crustaceans (Crayfishes and Shrimps) of Arkansas with a Discussion of Their aH bitats Raymond W. Bouchard Southern Arkansas University Henry W. Robison Southern Arkansas University Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas Part of the Terrestrial and Aquatic Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Bouchard, Raymond W. and Robison, Henry W. (1980) "Inventory of the Decapod Crustaceans (Crayfishes and Shrimps) of Arkansas with a Discussion of Their aH bitats," Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science: Vol. 34 , Article 9. Available at: http://scholarworks.uark.edu/jaas/vol34/iss1/9 This article is available for use under the Creative Commons license: Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International (CC BY-ND 4.0). Users are able to read, download, copy, print, distribute, search, link to the full texts of these articles, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without asking prior permission from the publisher or the author. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UARK. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@UARK. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science, Vol. 34 [1980], Art. 9 AN INVENTORY OF THE DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS (CRAYFISHES AND SHRIMPS) OF ARKANSAS WITH A DISCUSSION OF THEIR HABITATS i RAYMOND W. BOUCHARD 7500 Seaview Avenue, Wildwood Crest, New Jersey 08260 HENRY W. ROBISON Department of Biological Sciences Southern Arkansas University, Magnolia, Arkansas 71753 ABSTRACT The freshwater decapod crustaceans of Arkansas presently consist of two species of shrimps and 51 taxa of crayfishes divided into 47 species and four subspecies.
  • Key to Genera of Cactus Moths and Their Relatives (Pyralidae: Phycitinae)

    Key to Genera of Cactus Moths and Their Relatives (Pyralidae: Phycitinae)

    1 Key to genera of Cactus Moths and their Relatives (Pyralidae: Phycitinae) Thomas Simonsen Department of Entomology, The Natural History Museum Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, United Kingdom This key was modified from Neunzig 1997, Simonsen 2008, and Heinrich 1956. 1. Male...................................................................................................................2 - Female..............................................................................................................21 2. Antenna bipectinate...........................................................................................3 - Antenna not bipectinate.....................................................................................8 3. Flagellum of antenna with dorso-basal patch of scale-like sensilla ..........................................................................................................Cactobrosis - Flagellum of antenna without such patch..........................................................4 4. Abdomen 8 with two pair of ventro-lateral scale tufts.......................Amalafrida - Abdomen 8 without two such tufts....................................................................5 5. Forewing with M2 and M3 divided for less than half their length..........Melitara - Forewing with M2 and M3 divided for more than half their length...................6 6. Sharp ridge between eye and labial palpus; ocellus placed in an anterior incision of chaetosomata ...................................................................................7
  • Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S

    Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S

    Summary Report of Freshwater Nonindigenous Aquatic Species in U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 4—An Update April 2013 Prepared by: Pam L. Fuller, Amy J. Benson, and Matthew J. Cannister U.S. Geological Survey Southeast Ecological Science Center Gainesville, Florida Prepared for: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Southeast Region Atlanta, Georgia Cover Photos: Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix – Auburn University Giant Applesnail, Pomacea maculata – David Knott Straightedge Crayfish, Procambarus hayi – U.S. Forest Service i Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................................... ii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................ v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vi INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 1 Overview of Region 4 Introductions Since 2000 ....................................................................................... 1 Format of Species Accounts ...................................................................................................................... 2 Explanation of Maps ................................................................................................................................
  • South Carolina Department of Natural Resources

    South Carolina Department of Natural Resources

    FOREWORD Abundant fish and wildlife, unbroken coastal vistas, miles of scenic rivers, swamps and mountains open to exploration, and well-tended forests and fields…these resources enhance the quality of life that makes South Carolina a place people want to call home. We know our state’s natural resources are a primary reason that individuals and businesses choose to locate here. They are drawn to the high quality natural resources that South Carolinians love and appreciate. The quality of our state’s natural resources is no accident. It is the result of hard work and sound stewardship on the part of many citizens and agencies. The 20th century brought many changes to South Carolina; some of these changes had devastating results to the land. However, people rose to the challenge of restoring our resources. Over the past several decades, deer, wood duck and wild turkey populations have been restored, striped bass populations have recovered, the bald eagle has returned and more than half a million acres of wildlife habitat has been conserved. We in South Carolina are particularly proud of our accomplishments as we prepare to celebrate, in 2006, the 100th anniversary of game and fish law enforcement and management by the state of South Carolina. Since its inception, the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources (SCDNR) has undergone several reorganizations and name changes; however, more has changed in this state than the department’s name. According to the US Census Bureau, the South Carolina’s population has almost doubled since 1950 and the majority of our citizens now live in urban areas.
  • Checklist of the Crayfish and Freshwater Shrimp (Decapoda) of Indiana

    Checklist of the Crayfish and Freshwater Shrimp (Decapoda) of Indiana

    2001. Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science 110:104-110 CHECKLIST OF THE CRAYFISH AND FRESHWATER SHRIMP (DECAPODA) OF INDIANA Thomas P. Simon: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 620 South Walker Street, Bloomington, Indiana 47401 ABSTRACT. Crayfish and freshwater shrimp are members of the order Decapoda. All crayfish in In- diana are members of the family Cambaridae, while the freshwater shrimp belong to Palaemonidae. Two genera of freshwater shrimps, each represented by a single species, occur in Indiana. Palaemonetes ka- diakensis and Macrobrachium ohione are lowland forms. Macrobrachium ohione occurs in the Ohio River drainage, while P. kadiakensis occurs statewide in wetlands and lowland areas including inland lakes. Currently, 21 crayfish taxa, including an undescribed form of Cambarus diogenes, are found in Indiana. Another two species are considered hypothetical in occurrence. Conservation status is recommended for the Ohio shrimp Macrobrachium ohione, Indiana crayfish Orconectes indianensis, and both forms of the cave crayfish Orconectes biennis inennis and O. i. testii. Keywords: Cambaridae, Palaemonidae, conservation, ecology The crayfish and freshwater shrimp belong- fish is based on collections between 1990 and ing to the order Decapoda are among the larg- 2000. Collections were made at over 3000 lo- est of Indiana's aquatic invertebrates. Crayfish calities statewide, made in every county of the possess five pair of periopods, the first is mod- state, but most heavily concentrated in south- ified into a large chela and dactyl (Pennak ern Indiana, where the greatest diversity of 1978; Hobbs 1989). The North American species occurs. families, crayfish belong to two Astacidae and The current list of species is intended to Cambaridae with all members east of the Mis- provide a record of the extant and those ex- sissippi River belong to the family Cambari- tirpated from the fauna of Indiana over the last dae (Hobbs 1974a).
  • Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database

    Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History Database

    Literature Cited in Lizards Natural History database Abdala, C. S., A. S. Quinteros, and R. E. Espinoza. 2008. Two new species of Liolaemus (Iguania: Liolaemidae) from the puna of northwestern Argentina. Herpetologica 64:458-471. Abdala, C. S., D. Baldo, R. A. Juárez, and R. E. Espinoza. 2016. The first parthenogenetic pleurodont Iguanian: a new all-female Liolaemus (Squamata: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. Copeia 104:487-497. Abdala, C. S., J. C. Acosta, M. R. Cabrera, H. J. Villaviciencio, and J. Marinero. 2009. A new Andean Liolaemus of the L. montanus series (Squamata: Iguania: Liolaemidae) from western Argentina. South American Journal of Herpetology 4:91-102. Abdala, C. S., J. L. Acosta, J. C. Acosta, B. B. Alvarez, F. Arias, L. J. Avila, . S. M. Zalba. 2012. Categorización del estado de conservación de las lagartijas y anfisbenas de la República Argentina. Cuadernos de Herpetologia 26 (Suppl. 1):215-248. Abell, A. J. 1999. Male-female spacing patterns in the lizard, Sceloporus virgatus. Amphibia-Reptilia 20:185-194. Abts, M. L. 1987. Environment and variation in life history traits of the Chuckwalla, Sauromalus obesus. Ecological Monographs 57:215-232. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2003. Anfibios y reptiles del Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: Facultad de Ciencias. Achaval, F., and A. Olmos. 2007. Anfibio y reptiles del Uruguay, 3rd edn. Montevideo, Uruguay: Serie Fauna 1. Ackermann, T. 2006. Schreibers Glatkopfleguan Leiocephalus schreibersii. Munich, Germany: Natur und Tier. Ackley, J. W., P. J. Muelleman, R. E. Carter, R. W. Henderson, and R. Powell. 2009. A rapid assessment of herpetofaunal diversity in variously altered habitats on Dominica.
  • Lepidoptera Recorded for Imperial County California Compiled by Jeffrey Caldwell J.A.Caldwell71@Gmail.Com 1-925-949-8696 Note

    Lepidoptera Recorded for Imperial County California Compiled by Jeffrey Caldwell [email protected] 1-925-949-8696 Note

    Lepidoptera Recorded for Imperial County California Compiled by Jeffrey Caldwell [email protected] 1-925-949-8696 Note: BMNA = Butterflies and Moths of North America web site MPG = Moth Photographers Group web site Most are from the Essig Museum’s California Moth Specimens Database web site Arctiidae. Tiger and Lichen Moths. Apantesis proxima (Notarctia proxima). Mexican Tiger Moth. 8181 [BMNA] Ectypia clio (clio). Clio Tiger Moth. 8249 Estigmene acrea (acrea). Salt Marsh Moth. 8131 Euchaetes zella. 8232 Autostichidae (Deoclonidae). Oegoconia novimundi. Four-spotted Yellowneck Moth. 1134 (Oegoconia quadripuncta mis-applied) Bucculatricidae. Ribbed Cocoon-maker Moths. Bucculatrix enceliae. Brittlebrush Moth. 0546 Cossidae. Goat Moths, Carpenterworm Moths, and Leopard Moths. Comadia henrici. 2679 Givira mucida. 2660 Hypopta palmata. 2656 Prionoxystus robiniae (mixtus). Carpenterworm or Locust Borer. 2693 Depressariidae. Pseudethmia protuberans. 1008 [MPG] Ethmiidae. Now assigned to Depressariidae. Ethmiinae. Ethmia timberlakei. 0984 Pseudethmia protuberans. 1008 Gelechiidae. Twirler Moths. Aristotelia adceanotha. 1726 [Sighting 1019513 BMNA] Chionodes abdominella. 2054 Chionodes dentella. 2071 Chionodes fructuaria. 2078 Chionodes kincaidella. 2086 (reared from Atriplex acanthocarpa in Texas) Chionodes oecus. 2086.2 Chionodes sistrella. 2116 Chionodes xanthophilella. 2125 Faculta inaequalis. Palo Verde Webworm. 2206 Friseria cockerelli. Mesquite Webworm. 1916 Gelechia desiliens. 1938 Isophrictis sabulella. 1701 Keiferia lycopersicella. Tomato Pinworm. 2047 Pectinophora gossypiella. Pink Bollworm. 2261 Prolita puertella. 1895 Prolita veledae. 1903 Geometridae. Inchworm Moths, Loopers, Geometers, or Measuring Worms. Archirhoe neomexicana. 7295 Chesiadodes coniferaria. 6535 Chlorochlamys appellaria. 7073 Cyclophora nanaria. Dwarf Tawny Wave. W 7140 Dichorda illustraria. 7055 Dichordophora phoenix. Phoenix Emerald. 7057 Digrammia colorata. Creosote Moth. 6381 Digrammia irrorata (rubricata). 6395 Digrammia pictipennata. 6372 Digrammia puertata.
  • Pesticide Toxicity Index for Freshwater Aquatic Organisms, 2Nd Edition

    Pesticide Toxicity Index for Freshwater Aquatic Organisms, 2Nd Edition

    Pesticide Toxicity Index for Freshwater Aquatic Organisms, 2nd Edition By Mark D. Munn, Robert J. Gilliom, Patrick W. Moran, and Lisa H. Nowell National Water-Quality Assessment Program Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5148 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior Dirk Kempthorne, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey P. Patrick Leahy, Acting Director U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2006 Revised and reprinted: 2006 For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 For more information about the USGS and its products: Telephone: 1-888-ASK-USGS World Wide Web: http://www.usgs.gov/ Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Although this report is in the public domain, permission must be secured from the individual copyright owners to reproduce any copyrighted materials contained within this report. Suggested reference: Munn, M.D., Gilliom, R.J., Moran, P.W., and Nowell, L.H., 2006, Pesticide toxicity index for freshwater aquatic organisms, 2nd Edition: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5148, 81 p. iii FOREWORD The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is committed to providing the Nation with accurate and timely scien- tific information that helps enhance and protect the overall quality of life and that facilitates effective management of water, biological, energy, and mineral resources (http://www.usgs.gov/). Information on the quality of the Nation’s water resources is critical to assuring the long-term availability of water that is safe for drinking and recreation and suitable for industry, irrigation, and habitat for fish and wildlife.
  • The Herpetological Journal

    The Herpetological Journal

    Volume 16, Number 2 April 2006 ISSN 0268-0130 THE HERPETOLOGICAL JOURNAL Published by the BRITISH HERPETOLOGICAL SOCIETY The Herpetological Journal is published quarterly by the British Herpetological Society and is issued1 free to members. Articles are listed in Current Awareness in Biological Sciences, Current Contents, Science Citation Index and Zoological Record. Applications to purchase copies and/or for details of membership should be made to the Hon. Secretary, British Herpetological Society, The Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London NWl 4RY, UK. Instructions to authors are printed inside_the back cover. All contributions should be addressed to the Scientific Editor (address below). Scientific Editor: Wolfgang Wi.ister, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, LL57 2UW, UK. E-mail: W.Wu [email protected] Associate Scientifi c Editors: J. W. Arntzen (Leiden), R. Brown (Liverpool) Managing Editor: Richard A. Griffi ths, The Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology, Marlowe Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK. E-mail: R.A.Griffi [email protected] Associate Managing Editors: M. Dos Santos, J. McKay, M. Lock Editorial Board: Donald Broadley (Zimbabwe) John Cooper (Trinidad and Tobago) John Davenport (Cork ) Andrew Gardner (Abu Dhabi) Tim Halliday (Milton Keynes) Michael Klemens (New York) Colin McCarthy (London) Andrew Milner (London) Richard Tinsley (Bristol) Copyright It is a fu ndamental condition that submitted manuscripts have not been published and will not be simultaneously submitted or published elsewhere. By submitting a manu­ script, the authors agree that the copyright for their article is transferred to the publisher ifand when the article is accepted for publication.