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An Overview of Plant Resources and Their Economic Uses in Nigeria
Global Advanced Research Journal of Agricultural Science (ISSN: 2315-5094) Vol. 4(2) pp. 042-067, February, 2015. Available online http://garj.org/garjas/index.htm Copyright © 2015 Global Advanced Research Journals Review An overview of plant resources and their economic uses in Nigeria *Kutama 1, A. S., 1Dangora, I. I., 1Aisha, W. 1Auyo, M. I., 2 Sharif, U. 3Umma, M, and 4Hassan, K. Y. 1Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University, Dutse. P.M.B 7156-Nigeria 2Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Kano 3Department of Biology, Kano University of Science &Technology , Wudil . 4 Department of Biology, Sa’adatu Rimi College of Education, Kano Accepted 17 February, 2015 Nigeria is an agrarian country blessed with almost uncountable number of plant species; in water, on land e.t.c. Plants are and remain the indispensable gift of nature given to mankind whose uses were discovered by man even before civilization. This paper reviews some important aspects of plants which include their origin, classification, morphology, as well as economic uses especially in the Nigerian context. It is pertinent therefore that students, researchers as well as readers who are interested in plants would find this paper very educative as it explore majority of plant species and their economic uses in Nigeria. Keyword: plant species, economic uses, taxonomy, morphology, Nigeria. INTRODUCTION Evolution of Plant Over 350 million years ago, the first living organism which mosses, hornworts and liverworts. The bryophytes which resembled a plant appeared. It was the blue - green algae represented the basal group in the evolutionary history of (Cyanophyceae) which lived in the sea and can still be plants may have set the stage for the colonization of the found in many water bodies today. -
Reproductive Ecology of Bird-Pollinated Babiana (Iridaceae): Floral Variation, Mating Patterns and Genetic Diversity
REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY OF BIRD-POLLINATED BABIANA (IRIDACEAE): FLORAL VARIATION, MATING PATTERNS AND GENETIC DIVERSITY by Caroli de Waal A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto © Copyright by Caroli de Waal 2010 REPRODUCTIVE ECOLOGY OF BIRD-POLLINATED BABIANA (IRIDACEAE): FLORAL VARIATION, MATING PATTERNS AND GENETIC DIVERSITY Caroli de Waal Master of Science Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Toronto 2010 Abstract Flowering plants possess striking variation in reproductive traits and mating patterns, even among closely related species. In this thesis, I investigate morphological variation, mating and genetic diversity of five taxa of bird-pollinated Babiana (Iridaceae), including two species with specialized bird perches. Field observations in 12 populations demonstrated that sunbirds were the primary pollinators. Babiana ringens exhibited correlated geographic variation in flower and perch size. Controlled field pollinations revealed self-compatibility and low pollen limitation in B. ringens subspecies, and self-incompatibility and chronic pollen limitation in B. hirsuta. Allozyme markers demonstrated moderate to high selfing rates among populations and considerable variation in levels of genetic diversity. In B. ringens there was a positive relation between the geographic and genetic distance of populations. The results of a manipulative field experiment indicated position-dependent herbivory on inflorescences of B. hirsuta and this could play a role in the evolution of specialized bird perches in Babiana. ii Acknowledgments First, I would like to thank my supervisor Spencer Barrett for his wealth of knowledge, his contagious enthusiasm about the natural world, and for pushing me further than I thought I could go. -
Cytological Studies in the Iridaceae
68 Cytologia 23 Cytological Studies in the Iridaceae Edgar Gwynn Department of Biology, Washington College, Chestertown, Maryland, U. S.A. Received October 27, 1957 The Iridaceae are a widespread family of the warm and temperate re gions of the world. There are approximately sixty genera and one thousand species according to Swingle (1946), many of which are or have been cul tivated. Despite their cosmopolitan nature, great numbers and extensive use as ornamentals, apparently less than four hundred species have been investi gated cytologically. Most of those that have been analyzed are in the large, cultivated genera such as Crocus, Gladiolus and. Iris. The present work deals with several South African genera and species apparently unreported hitherto. Material and methods All chromosome counts reported in the present work were obtained from the root tips of germinating seeds. The seeds were supplied by the National Botanic Gardens, Kirstenbosch, Newlands, Cape Province, South Africa. This organization also furnished the generic and specific names in each instance. Before germination, the seeds were soaked, sterilized with mercuric chloride, washed in sterile water and plated out in sterile petri dishes. After some difficulty with germination sufficient root tips were obtained for cytolo gical purposes. The material was fixed in Randolph's modified Navashin fluid for 20-24 hours. Following this treatment the material was embedded in paraffin and cut in serial sections at a thickness of 14 microns. The sections were stained with methyl violet-erythrosin following the schedule of Johansen (1940). These procedures give excellent fixation and very clearly stained chromosomes. Camera lucida drawings were made at a magnification of 1800•~. -
Insights from Microsporogenesis in Asparagales
EVOLUTION & DEVELOPMENT 9:5, 460–471 (2007) Constraints and selection: insights from microsporogenesis in Asparagales Laurent Penet,a,1,Ã Michel Laurin,b Pierre-Henri Gouyon,a,c and Sophie Nadota aLaboratoire Ecologie, Syste´matique et Evolution, Batiment 360, Universite´ Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay Ce´dex, France bUMR CNRS 7179, Universite´ Paris 6FPierre & Marie Curie, 2 place Jussieu, Case 7077, 75005 Paris, France cMuse´um National d’Histoire Naturelle, De´partement de Syste´matique et Evolution Botanique, 12 rue Buffon, 75005 Paris CP 39, France ÃAuthor for correspondence (email: [email protected]) 1Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 4249 Fifth & Ruskin, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA. SUMMARY Developmental constraints have been proposed different characteristics of microsporogenesis, only cell to interfere with natural selection in limiting the available wall formation appeared as constrained. We show that set of potential adaptations. Whereas this concept has constraints may also result from biases in the correlated long been debated on theoretical grounds, it has been occurrence of developmental steps (e.g., lack of successive investigated empirically only in a few studies. In this article, cytokinesis when wall formation is centripetal). We document we evaluate the importance of developmental constraints such biases and their potential outcomes, notably the during microsporogenesis (male meiosis in plants), with an establishment of intermediate stages, which allow emphasis on phylogenetic patterns in Asparagales. Different development to bypass such constraints. These insights are developmental constraints were tested by character discussed with regard to potential selection on pollen reshuffling or by simulated distributions. Among the morphology. INTRODUCTION 1991) also hindered tests using the concept (Pigliucci and Kaplan 2000). -
Plant List for Lawn Removal
VERY LOW WATER USE PLANTS Trees * Aesculus californica California buckeye * Cercis occidentalis western redbud * Fremontodendron spp. flannel bush * Pinus abiniana foothill pine * Quercus agrifolia coast live oak * Quercus wislizeni interior live oak Shrubs * Adenostoma fasciciulatum chamise * Arctostaphylos spp. manzanita * Artemesia californica California sagebrush * Ceanothus spp wild lilac * Cercocarpus betuloides mountain mahogany * Amelanchier alnifolia service berry * Dendromecon spp. bush poppy * Heteromeles arbutifolia toyon * Mahonia nevinii Nevin mahonia Perennials * Artemesia tridentata big sagebrush Ballota pseudodictamnus Grecian horehouond * Monardella villosa coyote mint * Nasella needlegrass Penstemon centranthifolius "Scarlet * scarlet bugler penstemon Bugler" * Romneay coulteri Matilija poppy * Salvia apiana white sage * Sisyrinchium bellum blue-eyed grass * Trichostema lanatum woolly blue curls Edibles Olea europaea olive Opunita spp. prickly pear/cholla Cactus and Succulents Cephalocereus spp. old man cactus Echinocactus barrel cactus Graptopetalum spp graptopetalum Bunch Grasses * Bouteloua curtipendula sideoats gramma * Festuca idahoensis Idaho fescue * Leymus condensatus 'Canyon Prince' giant wild rye Bulbs Amaryllis belladona naked lady * Brodiaea spp. brodiaea Colchicum agrippium autumn crocus Muscari macrocarpum grape hyacinth Narcissus spp. daffodil Scilla hughii bluebell Scilla peruviana Peruvian lily Annuals Dimorphotheca spp. African daisy * Eschscholzia californica California poppy Mirabilis jalapa four -
Belair National Park
Preliminary Flora List Interim Flora Species List BELAIR NATIONAL PARK (NPWS) Reserve code : NP13 Accepted Species Common name First - Last Record Acacia acinacea Wreath Wattle 01/01/1978 - 22/09/2002 Acacia longifolia var. longifolia * Sallow Wattle 01/01/1978 - 21/05/1986 Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood 01/01/1978 - 21/05/1986 Acacia myrtifolia var. myrtifolia Myrtle Wattle 01/01/1978 - 14/12/1999 Acacia paradoxa Kangaroo Thorn 01/01/1936 - 22/09/2002 Acacia pycnantha Golden Wattle 01/01/1978 - 22/09/2002 Acacia retinodes var. retinodes (hill form) Wirilda 01/01/1936 - 01/01/1936 Acacia spinescens Spiny Wattle 01/01/1936 - 01/01/1936 Acacia verticillata Prickly Moses 01/01/1936 - 01/01/1936 Acaena echinata var. Sheep's Burr 01/01/1936 - 01/01/1936 Acaena novae-zelandiae Biddy-biddy 01/01/1936 - 21/05/1986 Acetosella vulgaris * Sorrel 01/01/1987 - 01/01/1987 Acianthus pusillus Mosquito Orchid 01/01/1936 - 10/07/2000 Acrotriche fasciculiflora Mount Lofty Ground-berry 01/01/1978 - 30/11/2000 Acrotriche serrulata Cushion Ground-berry 01/01/1978 - 30/11/2000 Actinobole uliginosum Flannel Cudweed 01/01/1936 - 01/01/1936 Adiantum aethiopicum Common Maiden-hair 21/05/1986 - 21/05/1986 Agrostis aemula Blown-grass 01/01/1936 - 29/11/2000 Agrostis avenacea var. avenacea Common Blown-grass 21/05/1986 - 21/05/1986 Agrostis capillaris var. capillaris * Brown-top Bent 01/01/1987 - 01/01/1987 Aira cupaniana * Small Hair-grass 01/01/1987 - 01/01/1987 Aira elegantissima ssp. elegantissima * Delicate Hair-grass 29/11/2000 - 29/11/2000 Ajuga australis form B Lesser Bugle 01/01/1936 - 23/09/2000 Allium triquetrum * Three-cornered Garlic 01/01/1987 - 01/01/1987 Allocasuarina muelleriana ssp. -
Phylogeny of Iridaceae Subfamily Crocoideae Based on a Combined Multigene Plastid DNA Analysis Peter Goldblatt Missouri Botanical Garden
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 32 2006 Phylogeny of Iridaceae Subfamily Crocoideae Based on a Combined Multigene Plastid DNA Analysis Peter Goldblatt Missouri Botanical Garden T. Jonathan Davies Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew John C. Manning National Botanical Institute Kirstenbosch Michelle van der Bank Rand Afrikaans University Vincent Savolainen Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Goldblatt, Peter; Davies, T. Jonathan; Manning, John C.; van der Bank, Michelle; and Savolainen, Vincent (2006) "Phylogeny of Iridaceae Subfamily Crocoideae Based on a Combined Multigene Plastid DNA Analysis," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 32. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/32 MONOCOTS Comparative Biology and Evolution Excluding Poales Aliso 22, pp. 399-41 I © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden PHYLOGENY OF IRIDACEAE SUBFAMILY CROCOIDEAE BASED ON A COMBINED MULTIGENE PLASTID DNA ANALYSIS 1 5 2 PETER GOLDBLATT, · T. JONATHAN DAVIES, JOHN C. MANNING,:l MICHELLE VANDER BANK,4 AND VINCENT SAVOLAINEN2 'B. A. Krukoff Curator of African Botany, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, USA; 2Molecular Systematics Section, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3DS, UK; 3National Botanical Institute, Kirstenbosch, Private Bag X7, Cape Town, South Africa; 4 Botany Department, Rand Afrikaans University, Johannesburg, South Africa 5 Corresponding author ([email protected]) ABSTRACT The phylogeny of Crocoideae, the largest of four subfamilies currently recognized in Tridaceae, has eluded resolution until sequences of two more plastid DNA regions were added here to a previously published matrix containing sequences from four DNA plastid regions. -
BOBBEJAANTJIES the Genus Babiana
BOBBEJAANTJIES The genus Babiana by Peter Goldblatt, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, U.S.A. and John C. Manning, National Botanical Institute, Kirstenbosch. abiana, a member of the so conspicuous in the western geophytes, that is, they have Iridaceae (iris family], is part of the southern African underground storage organs that B one of the larger genera of subcontinent. Curiously, one allow them to become dormant this important southern African species, Babiana hypogea, extends during the dry part of the year. In plant family. Babianas in English, widely across the drier parts of the autumn, as temperatures drop bobbejaane or bobbejaantjies in eastern southern Africa, as well as and the winter rains begin, the Afrikaans, the genus is quite well Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe corm sprouts and new leaves are known to the inhabitants of the and southern Zambia. One more produced. Then, if rainfall is south-western part of southern species occurs on the Indian sufficient, the plants flower and Africa, but perhaps only to bulb Ocean island of Socotra, a truly produce seed. As seeds mature a enthusiasts and new corm is also indigenous formed under gardeners ground to replace elsewhere. The the old one, the origin of the food reserves of common name which have been probably reflects a used up by the popular belief that season's growth the corms, the and reproductive underground effort. Like many storage organ of plants of dry babianas, were a habitats, babianas favourite food of adapt to poor baboons. The seasons, when the popular name, rains fail or are originally in Dutch inadequate, by babianer or recycling their baviaantjes, in fact food reserves into gave rise to the a new corm botanical name for The conventional babiana flowers of Babiana ambigua make a charming display without producing in the veld in the south-western Cape and are especially common after fire has flowers or seeds, the genus, opened up the vegetation cover. -
Plants for a 'Sustainable” -- Low Maintenance – Garden and Landscape in Arroyo Grande
PLANTS FOR A ‘SUSTAINABLE” -- LOW MAINTENANCE – GARDEN AND LANDSCAPE IN ARROYO GRANDE Low water use, minimal fertilizer needs, no special care Large Trees -- Cedrus libanii atlantica ‘Glauca’ BLUE ATLAS CEDAR Cedrus deodara DEODAR CEDAR Cinnamomum camphora CAMPHOR Gingko biloba GINGKO Pinus canariensis CANARY ISLAND PINE Pinus pinea ITALIAN STONE PINE Pinus sabiniana GRAY PINE Pinus torreyana TORREY PINE Quercus ilex HOLLY OAK Quercus suber CORK OAK Medium Trees -- Allocasuarina verticillata SHE-OAK Arbutus ‘Marina’ HYBRID STRAWBERRY TREE Brachychiton populneus KURRAJONG, AUSTRALIAN BOTTLE TREE Brahea armata BLUE HESPER PALM Butia capitata PINDO PALM Eucalyptus nicholii PEPPERMINT GUM Eucalyptus polyanthemos SILVER DOLLAR GUM Calocedrus decurrens INCENSE CEDAR Cupressus arizonica ARIZONA CYPRESS Cupressus forbesii TECATE CYPRESS Geijera parviflora AUSTRALIAN WILLOW Gleditsia triacanthos inermis THORNLESS HONEY LOCUST Juniperus scopulorum ‘Tolleson’s Blue Weeping’ BLUE WEEPING JUNIPER Melaleuca linariifolia FLAXLEAF PAPERBARK Metrosideros excelsus NEW ZEALAND CHRISTMAS TREE Olea europaea OLIVE (only fruitless cultivars such as ‘Majestic Beauty’, ‘Wilsoni’) Pinus halepensis ALEPPO PINE Pistacia chinensis CHINESE PISTACHE Quercus chrysolepis CANYON LIVE OAK Sequoiadendron giganteum GIANT REDWOOD © Copyright Joe Seals 2009 Small Trees Acacia baileyana BAILEY’S ACACIA Acacia pendula WEEPING MYALL Celtis australis EUROPEAN HACKBERRY x Chiltalpa tashkentensis CHILTALPA Cordyline australis CABBAGE PALM Cotinus coggygria SMOKE TREE Eucalyptus -
The Naturalized Vascular Plants of Western Australia 1
12 Plant Protection Quarterly Vol.19(1) 2004 Distribution in IBRA Regions Western Australia is divided into 26 The naturalized vascular plants of Western Australia natural regions (Figure 1) that are used for 1: Checklist, environmental weeds and distribution in bioregional planning. Weeds are unevenly distributed in these regions, generally IBRA regions those with the greatest amount of land disturbance and population have the high- Greg Keighery and Vanda Longman, Department of Conservation and Land est number of weeds (Table 4). For exam- Management, WA Wildlife Research Centre, PO Box 51, Wanneroo, Western ple in the tropical Kimberley, VB, which Australia 6946, Australia. contains the Ord irrigation area, the major cropping area, has the greatest number of weeds. However, the ‘weediest regions’ are the Swan Coastal Plain (801) and the Abstract naturalized, but are no longer considered adjacent Jarrah Forest (705) which contain There are 1233 naturalized vascular plant naturalized and those taxa recorded as the capital Perth, several other large towns taxa recorded for Western Australia, com- garden escapes. and most of the intensive horticulture of posed of 12 Ferns, 15 Gymnosperms, 345 A second paper will rank the impor- the State. Monocotyledons and 861 Dicotyledons. tance of environmental weeds in each Most of the desert has low numbers of Of these, 677 taxa (55%) are environmen- IBRA region. weeds, ranging from five recorded for the tal weeds, recorded from natural bush- Gibson Desert to 135 for the Carnarvon land areas. Another 94 taxa are listed as Results (containing the horticultural centre of semi-naturalized garden escapes. Most Total naturalized flora Carnarvon). -
California Geophytesgeophytes
$12.00 (Free to Members) VOL. 44, NO.3 • DECEMBER 2016 FREMONTIAFREMONTIA JOURNAL OF THE CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY SPECIAL ISSUE: VOL. 44, NO. 3, DECEMBER 2016 FREMONTIA CALIFORNIACALIFORNIA GEOPHYTESGEOPHYTES V44_3_cover.pmd 1 2/20/17, 5:26 AM CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY CNPS, 2707 K Street, Suite 1; Sacramento, CA 95816-5130 FREMONTIA Phone: (916) 447-2677 Fax: (916) 447-2727 Web site: www.cnps.org Email: [email protected] VOL. 44, NO. 3, DECEMBER 2016 MEMBERSHIP Copyright © 2016 Members receive many benefits, including subscriptions to Fremontia and California Native Plant Society the CNPS Bulletin. Membership form is on inside back cover. Mariposa Lily . $1,500 Family or Group . $75 Benefactor . $600 International or Library . $75 M. Kat Anderson, Guest Editor Patron . $300 Individual . $45 Michael Kauffmann, Editor Plant Lover . $100 Student/Retired/Limited Income . $25 CORPORATE/ORGANIZATIONAL Beth Hansen-Winter, Designer 10+ Employees . $2,500 4-6 Employees . $500 7-10 Employees . $1,000 1-3 Employees . $150 california Native STAFF & CONTRACTORS Plant Society Dan Gluesenkamp: Executive Director Marin: Charlotte Torgovitsky Chris Brown: Admin Assistant Milo Baker: Leia Giambastiani, Sarah Protecting California’s Native Flora Jennifer Buck-Diaz: Vegetation Ecologist Gordon Since 1965 Catherine Curley: Assistant Botanist Mojave Desert: Timothy Thomas Joslyn Curtis, Assistant Veg. Ecologist Monterey Bay: Christopher Hauser The views expressed by authors do not Julie Evens: Vegetation Program Dir. Mount Lassen: Woody Elliot necessarily -
A Phylogenetic Analysis of Plants, Using the Chloroplast Gene Rps4 and the Anataxis Method
A phylogenetic analysis of plants, using the chloroplast gene rps4 and the anataxis method Autor(en): Bittar, Gabriel / Carter, Leigh / Nadot, Sophie Objekttyp: Article Zeitschrift: Archives des sciences et compte rendu des séances de la Société Band (Jahr): 49 (1996) Heft 2: Archives des Sciences PDF erstellt am: 30.09.2021 Persistenter Link: http://doi.org/10.5169/seals-740420 Nutzungsbedingungen Die ETH-Bibliothek ist Anbieterin der digitalisierten Zeitschriften. Sie besitzt keine Urheberrechte an den Inhalten der Zeitschriften. Die Rechte liegen in der Regel bei den Herausgebern. Die auf der Plattform e-periodica veröffentlichten Dokumente stehen für nicht-kommerzielle Zwecke in Lehre und Forschung sowie für die private Nutzung frei zur Verfügung. Einzelne Dateien oder Ausdrucke aus diesem Angebot können zusammen mit diesen Nutzungsbedingungen und den korrekten Herkunftsbezeichnungen weitergegeben werden. Das Veröffentlichen von Bildern in Print- und Online-Publikationen ist nur mit vorheriger Genehmigung der Rechteinhaber erlaubt. Die systematische Speicherung von Teilen des elektronischen Angebots auf anderen Servern bedarf ebenfalls des schriftlichen Einverständnisses der Rechteinhaber. Haftungsausschluss Alle Angaben erfolgen ohne Gewähr für Vollständigkeit oder Richtigkeit. Es wird keine Haftung übernommen für Schäden durch die Verwendung von Informationen aus diesem Online-Angebot oder durch das Fehlen von Informationen. Dies gilt auch für Inhalte Dritter, die über dieses Angebot zugänglich sind. Ein Dienst der ETH-Bibliothek ETH Zürich, Rämistrasse 101, 8092 Zürich, Schweiz, www.library.ethz.ch http://www.e-periodica.ch Archs Sei. Genève Vol.49 Fase. 2 pp. 149-157 Septembre 1996 Communication présentée à la séance du 8 février 1996 A PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF PLANTS, USING THE CHLOROPLAST GENE rçw4 AND THE ANATAXIS METHOD BY Gabriel BITTAR*, Leigh CARTER, Sophie NADOT, Tatiana SOUZA-CHIES, Alexis EVRARD, Evelyne BESIN & Bernard LEJEUNE Abstract A phylogenetic analysis of plants, using the chloroplast gene rps4 and the anâtaxis method.