DOCSLIB.ORG

The Carthaginians Free

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Carthaginians Free FREE THE CARTHAGINIANS PDF Dexter Hoyos | 288 pages | 09 Aug 2010 | Taylor & Francis Ltd | 9780415436458 | English | London, United Kingdom Carthage - Wikipedia But who were the people of Carthage? Pitted as the original hero of Rome and an ancestor of Romulus and Remus, Aeneas came close to marrying Dido, before being forced to leave after divine intervention. Historians today question the veracity of the Dido legend, but it is clear that Carthage was founded as a trading outpost by the Phoenicians — a maritime civilisation originally from The Carthaginians region that today forms part of Lebanon. The city gradually grew to become a major centre of Mediterranean trade, and controlled a network of dependencies in North Africa, Spain, and Sicily. Specialising in the production of fine textiles, perfumes, and household goods such as furniture and cooking implements, in its heyday Carthage was the dominant metropolis in the western Mediterranean, and profited hugely from the merchants passing through its port. The city also served as a hub for the trading of metal, and tin mined in the Middle East was brought to Carthage to be forged into bronze. Carthage was also famous for its highly sophisticated agricultural practices. One of the earliest centres of wine production, evidence of Carthaginian goods, including wine amphorae, have been excavated as far away as the British Isles and the Atlantic coast of West Africa. Ancient sources, most notably the Greek The Carthaginians Polybius, reported that the Carthaginian military was predominantly a mercenary- based force. Rather than develop a fully militarised society akin to that of ancient Sparta, the Carthaginians largely relied on others to fight on their behalf. Given its position as a trading hub and cultural capital, Carthage was a natural target for the emerging power of Rome. Growing tensions first escalated into war in BC, and over the next The Carthaginians years the two states The Carthaginians three debilitating conflicts — the Punic Wars. Initially, these did not provide decisive victory for either side, with both suffering heavily at the hands The Carthaginians the other. Gradually, Rome began to gain the upper hand. After a three year struggle, the city eventually succumbed. The Roman Senate The Carthaginians that The Carthaginians city be burned and the remaining citizens sold into slavery. A brutal end for a once glorious city. Credit: The Elisha Whittelsey Collection. TV A new online only channel for history lovers. Sign Me Up. An 18th century idealisation of Dido attempting to woo Aeneas. Tags: Hannibal. Early Modern. Twentieth Century. Age of The Carthaginians. The The Carthaginians Epidemic in History? The Carthaginians – THE ROMAN TRIALS and CARTHAGINIANS It was more The Carthaginians less under the control of the city-state of Carthage after the fall of Tyre to Babylonian forces. At the height of the city's influence, it held a hegemony over most of the western The Carthaginians. The empire was in a constant state of struggle with the Roman Republic, which led to a series of conflicts known as the Punic Wars. After the third and final Punic War, Carthage was destroyed then occupied by Roman The Carthaginians. Nearly all of the empire fell into Roman hands from then on. In order to provide a resting place for merchant fleets, to maintain a Phoenician monopoly on an area's natural resource, or to conduct trade on its own, the Phoenicians established numerous colonial cities along the coasts of the Mediterranean. They were stimulated to found their cities by a need for revitalizing trade in order to pay the tribute extracted from Tyre, Sidon, and Byblos by the succession of empires that ruled them and by fear of complete Greek colonization of that part of the Mediterranean suitable for commerce. The Phoenicians lacked the population or necessity to establish self-sustaining cities abroad, and most cities had fewer than 1, inhabitants, but Carthage and a few other cities developed into large cities. Some colonies were The Carthaginians in Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, Iberia, and to a much lesser extent, on the arid coast of Libya. The Phoenicians controlled Cyprus, Sardinia, Corsica, and the Balearic Islands, as well as minor possessions in Crete and Sicily; the latter settlements were in perpetual conflict with the Greeks. The Phoenicians managed to control all of Sicily The Carthaginians a limited time. The entire area The Carthaginians came under the leadership and protection of Carthage, The Carthaginians in turn dispatched its own The Carthaginians to found new cities or to reinforce those that declined with Tyre and Sidon. The first colonies were made on the two paths to Iberia's mineral wealth — along the North African coast and on Sicily, Sardinia and the Balearic Islands. The centre of the Phoenician world was Tyre, serving as an economic and political hub. The power of this city waned following numerous sieges and its eventual destruction by Alexander the Great, and the role as leader passed to Sidon, and eventually to Carthage. Each colony paid tribute to either Tyre or Sidon, but neither had actual control of the colonies. This changed with the rise of Carthage, since the Carthaginians appointed their own magistrates to rule the towns and Carthage retained much direct control over the colonies. This policy resulted in a number The Carthaginians Iberian towns The Carthaginians with the Romans during the Punic Wars. The government of Carthage was an oligarchal republic, which relied on a system of checks and balances and ensured a form of public accountability. The Carthaginian heads of state were called Suffets The Carthaginians rendered in Latin by Livy Greek and Roman authors more commonly referred to them as "kings". In the historically attested period, the two Suffets were elected annually from among the most wealthy and influential families and ruled collegially, similarly to Roman consuls and equated with these by Livy. This practice might have descended from the plutocratic oligarchies that limited the Suffet's power in the first The Carthaginians cities. The aristocratic families were represented in a supreme council Roman sources speak of a Carthaginian "Senate", and Greek ones of a "council of Elders" or a gerousiawhich had a wide range of powers; however, it is not known whether the Suffets were elected by this council or by an assembly The Carthaginians the people. Suffets appear The Carthaginians have exercised judicial and executive power, but not The Carthaginians. Although the city's administration was firmly The Carthaginians by oligarchs, democratic elements were to be found as well: Carthage had elected legislators, trade unions and town meetings. Aristotle reported in his Politics that unless the Suffets and the Council reached a unanimous decision, the Carthaginian popular assembly had the decisive vote - unlike the situation in Greek states with similar constitutions such as Sparta and Crete. Polybius, in his History book 6, also stated that at the time of the Punic Wars, the Carthaginian public held more sway over the government than the people of Rome held over theirs a development he regarded as evidence of decline. Finally, there was a body known as the Hundred and Four, which Aristotle compared to the Spartan ephors. These were judges who oversaw the actions of The Carthaginians, who could sometimes be sentenced to crucifixion. Eratosthenes, head of the Library of Alexandria, noted that the Greeks had been wrong to describe all non-Greeks as barbarians, The Carthaginians the Carthaginians as well as the Romans had The Carthaginians constitution. During the period between the end of the First Punic War and the end of the Second Punic War, members of the Barcid family dominated in Carthaginian politics. They were given control of the Carthaginian military and all the Carthaginian territories outside of Africa. In BC, a treaty was signed between Carthage and Rome The Carthaginians a division of influence and commercial activities. This is the first known source indicating that Carthage had gained control over Sicily and Sardinia. By the beginning of the 5th century BC, Carthage had become the commercial center of the West Mediterranean region, a position it The Carthaginians until overthrown by the Roman Republic. The city had conquered most of the The Carthaginians Phoenician colonies e. Hadrumetum, Utica, and Kerkouane, subjugated the Libyan tribes with the Numidian and Mauretanian kingdoms remaining more or less independentand taken control of the entire North African coast from modern Morocco to the borders of Egypt not including the Cyrenaica, which was eventually incorporated into The Carthaginians Egypt. Its The Carthaginians had The Carthaginians extended into the Mediterranean, taking control over Sardinia, Malta, the Balearic Islands, and the western The Carthaginians of Sicily, where coastal fortresses such as Motya or Lilybaeum secured its possessions. Important colonies had also been established on the Iberian peninsula. Their cultural influence in the Iberian Peninsula is documented, but the degree of The Carthaginians political influence before the conquest by Hamilcar Barca is disputed. When Carthage fell, its nearby rival Utica, a Roman ally, was made capital of the region and replaced Carthage as the leading center of Punic trade and leadership. It had the advantageous position of being situated on the Lake of Tunis and the outlet of the Majardah River, Tunisia's only river that flowed all year long. However, grain cultivation in the Tunisian mountains caused large amounts of silt to erode into the river. This silt was accumulated in the The Carthaginians until it was made useless, and Rome was forced to rebuild Carthage. The purpose was to obtain arable lands for impoverished farmers. The Senate abolished the colony some time later, in order to undermine Gracchus' power. After this ill-fated attempt, a new city of Carthage was built on the same land, and by the 1st century it had grown to the second largest city in the western half of the Roman empire, with a peak population ofIt was the center of the Roman province of Africa, which was a major breadbasket of the empire.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Story of the Byzantine Empire
    THE STO RY O F T HE NATIO NS L LU T T E E R VO L . I z M o I S A . P , R D , T H E E AR L I E R VO L UM E S A R E f I N E F R E E B P o AS A . SO T H STO R Y O G E C . y r . I . HARR R F R E B TH U ILM A N T HE STO Y O O M . y A R R G EW B P f A K O S E R F T HE S . o S . M T HE ST O Y O J y r . J . H R B Z N R O F DE . A R A coz I T HE ST O Y C HA L A . y . — R F E R N . B S B ING O U L THE ST O Y O G MA Y y . AR G D F N W B P f H B YE S E N o . H . O T HE ST O R Y O O R A Y . y r N E n E B . E . a d S SA H T HE ST O R Y O F SP A I . y U N AL N B P R of. A . VAM B Y T HE STO R Y O F H U GA R Y . y r E ST R O F E B P of L E TH E O Y C A RT H A G .
    [Show full text]
  • A Chronological Particular Timeline of Near East and Europe History
    Introduction This compilation was begun merely to be a synthesized, occasional source for other writings, primarily for familiarization with European world development. Gradually, however, it was forced to come to grips with the elephantine amount of historical detail in certain classical sources. Recording the numbers of reported war deaths in previous history (many thousands, here and there!) initially was done with little contemplation but eventually, with the near‐exponential number of Humankind battles (not just major ones; inter‐tribal, dynastic, and inter‐regional), mind was caused to pause and ask itself, “Why?” Awed by the numbers killed in battles over recorded time, one falls subject to believing the very occupation in war was a naturally occurring ancient inclination, no longer possessed by ‘enlightened’ Humankind. In our synthesized histories, however, details are confined to generals, geography, battle strategies and formations, victories and defeats, with precious little revealed of the highly complicated and combined subjective forces that generate and fuel war. Two territories of human existence are involved: material and psychological. Material includes land, resources, and freedom to maintain a life to which one feels entitled. It fuels war by emotions arising from either deprivation or conditioned expectations. Psychological embraces Egalitarian and Egoistical arenas. Egalitarian is fueled by emotions arising from either a need to improve conditions or defend what it has. To that category also belongs the individual for whom revenge becomes an end in itself. Egoistical is fueled by emotions arising from material possessiveness and self‐aggrandizations. To that category also belongs the individual for whom worldly power is an end in itself.
    [Show full text]
  • Struggle of Titans: Book 1
    From 538 BC to 231 BC, Carthage began as a dominant power along with the Etruscans and the Greeks. By 231 BC, Rome was the dominant power, and Carthage had taken major steps to conceal from the Romans, their buildup of forces in preparation to combat and overcome Rome. STRUGGLE OF TITANS: BOOK 1 by Lou Shook Order the complete book from the publisher Booklocker.com http://www.booklocker.com/p/books/9489.html?s=pdf or from your favorite neighborhood or online bookstore. Copyright © 2017 Lou Shook ISBN: 978-1-63492-606-5 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the author. Published by BookLocker.com, Inc., St. Petersburg, Florida. Printed on acid-free paper. This is a work of historical fiction, based on actual persons and events. The author has taken creative liberty with many details to enhance the reader's experience. BookLocker.com, Inc. 2017 First Edition TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER ONE - BEGINNING OF CARTHAGE (2800-539 BC) ................. 9 CHAPTER TWO - CARTHAGE CONTINUES GROWTH (538-514 BC) ....................................................................................... 19 CHAPTER THREE - CARTHAGE SECURES WESTERN MEDITERREAN (514-510 BC) ............................................................. 32 CHAPTER FOUR - ROME REPLACES MONARCHY (510-508 BC) ......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • How to Write History: Thucydides and Herodotus in the Ancient Rhetorical Tradition
    How to write history: Thucydides and Herodotus in the ancient rhetorical tradition A Dissertation Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Scott Kennedy, B.A., B.S. Graduate Program in Greek and Latin The Ohio State University 2018 Dissertation Committee: Anthony Kaldellis, Adviser Benjamin Acosta-Hughes Will Batstone Copyright by Scott Kennedy 2018 Abstract Modern students of Thucydides and Herodotus may find it odd to think of them as rhetoricians. Yet in the ancient world, both historians (and especially Thucydides) played an important role in rhetorical schools. They were among the favorite authors of ancient teachers of rhetoric and served as foundational pillars of the ancient curriculum, providing themes for school exercises and even for such seminal texts as Hermogenes' theoretical treatises on rhetoric. Modern scholars might never read technical rhetorical texts such as Hermogenes. They almost certainly would never turn to Hermogenes and his kind to help them understand Thucydides or Herodotus. But for our ancient intellectual predecessors, such an approach would have been unconscionable, as ancient rhetoric was the theoretical lens with which they understood and appreciated historical writings. In this dissertation, I explore the confluence of rhetoric and historiography in the ancient world through an examination of how Herodotus and Thucydides were used in ancient schools and then by later historians. Chapter 1 and 2 outline how these historians were embedded and encoded within the rhetorical curriculum. In Chapter 1, I examine how Herodotus and Thucydides entered the rhetorical curriculum and how rhetors incorporated them into the rhetorical curriculum through an examination of the surviving progymnasmata, scholia, and pedagogical myths.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline1800 18001600
    TIMELINE1800 18001600 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 8000BCE Sharpened stone heads used as axes, spears and arrows. 7000BCE Walls in Jericho built. 6100BCE North Atlantic Ocean – Tsunami. 6000BCE Dry farming developed in Mesopotamian hills. - 4000BCE Tigris-Euphrates planes colonized. - 3000BCE Farming communities spread from south-east to northwest Europe. 5000BCE 4000BCE 3900BCE 3800BCE 3760BCE Dynastic conflicts in Upper and Lower Egypt. The first metal tools commonly used in agriculture (rakes, digging blades and ploughs) used as weapons by slaves and peasant ‘infantry’ – first mass usage of expendable foot soldiers. 3700BCE 3600BCE © PastSearch2012 - T i m e l i n e Page 1 Date York Date Britain Date Rest of World 3500BCE King Menes the Fighter is victorious in Nile conflicts, establishes ruling dynasties. Blast furnace used for smelting bronze used in Bohemia. Sumerian civilization developed in south-east of Tigris-Euphrates river area, Akkadian civilization developed in north-west area – continual warfare. 3400BCE 3300BCE 3200BCE 3100BCE 3000BCE Bronze Age begins in Greece and China. Egyptian military civilization developed. Composite re-curved bows being used. In Mesopotamia, helmets made of copper-arsenic bronze with padded linings. Gilgamesh, king of Uruk, first to use iron for weapons. Sage Kings in China refine use of bamboo weaponry. 2900BCE 2800BCE Sumer city-states unite for first time. 2700BCE Palestine invaded and occupied by Egyptian infantry and cavalry after Palestinian attacks on trade caravans in Sinai. 2600BCE 2500BCE Harrapan civilization developed in Indian valley. Copper, used for mace heads, found in Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine and Egypt. Sumerians make helmets, spearheads and axe blades from bronze.
    [Show full text]
  • IFRIQAYA Notes for a Tour of Northern Africa in September-October 2011
    IFRIQAYA notes for a tour of northern Africa in September-October 2011 Miles Lewis Cover illustration: the Castellum of Kaoua. Gsell, Monuments Antiques, I, p 105. CONTENTS Preamble 5 History 6 Modern Algeria 45 Modern Tunisia 58 Modern Libya 65 Timeline 65 Pre-Roman Architecture 72 Greek & Roman Architecture 75 Christian Architecture 87 Islamic Architecture 98 Islamic and Vernacular Building Types 100 Pisé and Concrete 102 The Entablature and Dosseret Block 104 Reconstruction of the Classical Language 107 LIBYA day 1: Benghazi 109 day 2: the Pentapolis 110 day 3: Sabratha 118 day 4: Lepcis Magna & the Villa Sileen 123 day 5: Ghadames 141 day 6: Nalut, Kabaw, Qasr-el-Haj 142 day 7: Tripoli 144 TUNISIA day 8: Tunis & Carthage 150 day 9: the Matmata Plateau 160 day 10: Sbeitla; Kairouan 167 day 11: El Jem 181 day 12: Cap Bon; Kerkouane 184 day 13: rest day – options 187 day 14: Thuburbo Majus; Dougga 190 day 15: Chemtou; Bulla Regia; Tabarka 199 ALGERIA day 16: Ain Drahram; cross to Algeria; Hippo 201 day 17: Hippo; Tiddis; Constantine 207 day 18: Tébessa 209 day 19: Timgad; Lambaesis 214 day 20: Djémila 229 day 21: Algiers 240 day 22: Tipasa & Cherchell 243 day 23: Tlemcen 252 Ifriqaya 5 PREAMBLE This trip is structured about but by no means confined to Roman sites in North Africa, specifically today’s Libya, Tunisia and Algeria. But we look also at the vernacular, the Carthaginian, the Byzantine and the early Islamic in the same region. In the event the war in Libya has forced us to omit that country from the current excursion, though the notes remain here.
    [Show full text]
  • Carthage Was the Center Or Capital City of the Ancient Carthaginian
    Carthage was the center or capital city of the ancient Carthaginian civilization, on the eastern side of the Lake of Tunis in what is now the Tunis Governorate in Tunisia. Carthage was widely considered the most important trading hub of the Ancient Mediterranean and was arguably one of the most affluent cities of the Ancient World. The city developed from a Phoenician colony into the capital of a Punic empire which dominated large parts of the Southwest Mediterranean during the first millennium BC. The legendary Queen Dido is regarded as the founder of the city, though her historicity has been questioned. The ancient Carthage city was destroyed by the Roman Republic in the Third Punic War in 146 BC and then re-developed as Roman Carthage, which became the major city of the Roman Empire in the province of Africa. The city was sacked and destroyed by Umayyad forces after the Battle of Carthage in 698 to prevent it from being reconquered by the Byzantine Empire. It remained occupied during the Muslim period and was used as a fort by the Muslims until the Hafsid period when it was taken by the Crusaders with its inhabitants massacred during the Eighth Crusade. Catheral of St. Vincent de Paul: is a Roman Catholic church located in Tunis, Tunisia. The cathedral is dedicated to Saint Vincent de Paul, patron saint of charity. It is the episcopal see of the Archdiocese of Tunis and is situated at Place de l'Indépendence in Ville Nouvelle, a crossroads between Avenue Habib Bourguiba and Avenue de France, opposite the French embassy.
    [Show full text]
  • Byzantine Names for SCA Personae
    1 A Short (and rough) Guide to Byzantine Names for SCA personae This is a listing of names that may be useful for constructing Byzantine persona. Having said that, please note that the term „Byzantine‟ is one that was not used in the time of the Empire. They referred to themselves as Romans. Please also note that this is compiled by a non-historian and non-linguist. When errors are detected, please let me know so that I can correct them. Additional material is always welcomed. It is a work in progress and will be added to as I have time to research more books. This is the second major revision and the number of errors picked up is legion. If you have an earlier copy throw it away now. Some names of barbarians who became citizens are included. Names from „client states‟ such as Serbia and Bosnia, as well as adversaries, can be found in my other article called Names for other Eastern Cultures. In itself it is not sufficient documentation for heraldic submission, but it will give you ideas and tell you where to start looking. The use of (?) means that either I have nothing that gives me an idea, or that I am not sure of what I have. If there are alternatives given of „c‟, „x‟ and „k‟ modern scholarship prefers the „k‟. „K‟ is closer to the original in both spelling and pronunciation. Baron, OP, Strategos tous notious okeanous, known to the Latins as Hrolf Current update 12/08/2011 Family Names ............................................................. 2 Male First Names .......................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Chronological Overview
    Chronological Overview 284-305 Diocletian and the tetrarchy 565-591 Wars with Persia 306-337 Constantine I (sole ruler from 324) 566 + Slavs begin to infiltrate across Danube frontier; pressure 311 Edict of toleration issued by Galerius on frontier fortresses from Avars 312 Constantine's victory at the Milvian bridge 568+ Lombards driven westward from Danube, invade Italy 313 Edict of toleration issued by Constantine and Licinius 572 Lombards besiege Ravenna 325 Council of Nicaea and condemnation of Arianism (first 577 Major invasion of Balkans led by Avars ecumenical council) 584, 586 Avaro-Slav attacks on Thessalonica 330 Consecration of Constantinople 591-602 Gradual success in pushing Avars back across Danube 337 Baptism and death of Constantine I 602 Maurice overthrown, Phokas proclaimed emperor 361-363 Julian the Apostate leads pagan reaction and attempts to 603 War with Persia; situation in Balkans deteriorates limit the influence of Christianity 610 Phokas overthrown by Heraclius, son of exarch of Africa 364 Jovian dies: empire divided between Valentinian 1 (West) at Carthage and Valens (East) 611-620s Central and northern Balkans lost 378 Defeat and death of Valens at hands of Visigoths at battle 614-619 Persians occupy Syria, Palestine and Egypt of Adrianople 622 Mohammed leaves Mecca for Medina (the 'Hijra') 381 First Council of Constantinople (second ecumenical 622-627 Heraclius campaigns in east against Persians council): reaffirms rejection of Arianism; asserts right of 626 Combined Avaro-Slav and Persian siege of Constantinople
    [Show full text]
  • The Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians and Grecians (Vol
    The Project Gutenberg EBook of The Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians and Grecians (Vol. 1 of 6) by Charles Rollin This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at http://www.gutenberg.org/license Title: The Ancient History of the Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians and Grecians (Vol. 1 of 6) Author: Charles Rollin Release Date: April 11, 2009 [Ebook 28558] Language: English ***START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK THE ANCIENT HISTORY OF THE EGYPTIANS, CARTHAGINIANS, ASSYRIANS, BABYLONIANS, MEDES AND PER- SIANS, MACEDONIANS AND GRECIANS (VOL. 1 OF 6)*** The Ancient History Of The Egyptians, Carthaginians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Medes and Persians, Macedonians and Grecians By Charles Rollin Late Principal of the University of Paris Professor of Eloquence in The Royal College And Member of the Royal Academy Of Inscriptions and Belles Letters Translated From The French In Six Volumes Vol. I. New Edition Illustrated With Maps and Other Engravings London Printed for Longman And Co., J. M. Richardson, Hamilton And Co., Hatchard And Son, Simpkin And Co., Rivingtons, Whittaker And Co., Allen And Co., Nisbet And Co., J. Bain, T. And W. Boone, E. Hodgson, T. Bumpus, Smith, Elder, And Co., J. Capes, L. Booth, Bigg And Son, Houlston And Co., H. Washbourne, Bickets And Bush, Waller And Son, Cambridge, Wilson And Sons, York, G.
    [Show full text]
  • Your Name Here
    PUBLIC AND PRIVATE: PHOENICIAN AND GREEK SETTLEMENT MODELS IN THE 8TH CENTURY B.C.E. by JOHN THOMAS LANIER, JR. (Under the Direction of Naomi Norman) ABSTRACT During 8th-7th centuries B.C.E. the Phoenicians and Greeks embarked upon a period of expansion in the western Mediterranean. While traditionally this movement has been collectively described as “colonization,” the reality of the methods and motives of this western diaspora varied widely. This study uses archaeological evidence from Phoenician and Greek “colonies” of the 8th-7th century B.C.E. to establish two distinct models of settlement in the western Mediterranean. The first two chapters discuss the “Kition” and “Andalusian” settlement models; the third chapter then contextualizes Carthage, a unique settlement among the early Phoenician colonies, within the framework of these models. INDEX WORDS: Colonization, Phoenicians, Greeks, Early Iron Age, Western Mediterranean History, Carthage PUBLIC AND PRIVATE: PHOENICIAN AND GREEK SETTLEMENT MODELS IN THE 8TH CENTURY B.C.E. by JOHN THOMAS LANIER, JR. B.A., University of Georgia, 2005 A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree MASTER OF ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2007 © 2007 John Thomas Lanier, Jr. All Rights Reserved PUBLIC AND PRIVATE: PHOENICIAN AND GREEK SETTLEMENT MODELS IN THE 8TH CENTURY B.C.E. by JOHN THOMAS LANIER, JR. Major Professor: Naomi Norman Committee: Keith Dix Erv Garrison Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia August 2007 DEDICATION PATRI MATRIQUE MEO iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF TABLES.......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kickstarter Manuscript Preview
    Kickstarter Manuscript Preview © 2019 White Wolf Entertainment © 2019 Onyx Path Publishing Introduction We are a plague on the Earth. — David Attenborough The world is sick. It’s an acceptable proposition. The less acceptable part is where we — and in particular, you and everyone you care about — are the cause. In the Chronicles of Darkness, it would be easy to give mortals a free pass and say “the vampires are the true plague on humanity” or “Created bring ruin to the world with Disquiet,” but all things, living, unliving, spiritual, and machine, contribute to the peeling of the world’s surface and the exposing of its innards to Contagion. Contagion comes in many forms. In one chronicle it might be the rotten reflection of the God- Machine, though the God-Machine is hardly an entity of purity and goodness in its own right. In another, it may be an antivirus out of control, attempting to purge our world of all sick elements. Some chronicles may have the Contagion as a mundane plague, but one that afflicts supernatural beings as easily as it does frail mortals. Other stories might present the Contagion as a weapon, a concentrated blight on a specific populace, or a mutation in the blood, the soul, or the words one speaks. The Contagion may be many things, but it is tearing the world we know from underneath us, and it may be the fault of you and yours — the vampires, the werewolves, the hunters, the changelings, and all their other dark kin. If it isn’t stopped, our world may change irrevocably, becoming poisonous to its inhabitants; its elements may be dragged into another plane; or corrupted regions from an interstitial dimension may replace parts of our own world.
    [Show full text]