The Order Raphidioptera in Norway
Norw. J. Entomol. 49, 81-92. 2002 The order Raphidioptera in Norway Uta Greve Greve, L. 2002. The order Raphidioptera in NOlway. Norw. J. Entomol. 49, 81-92. The order Raphidioptera, snake-flies, is reviewed based on material in the collections of the four Norwegian university museums, and material in the collections ofsome private collectors, altoget her 454 specimens belonging to the three species Phaeostigma notata (Fabricius, 1781), Xanthostigma xanthostigma (Schummel, 1832) and Raphidia ophiopsis L.,1758. Keys to species for adults and larvae are presented. The distribution is mapped. Remarks on the phenology and biology are given. Key words: Raphidioptera, snake-flies, distribution, Norway. Lira Greve, Zoological Museum, University ofBergen, Museplass 3, NO-5007 Bergen - Univ., Norway. INTRODUCTION The order Raphidioptera is divided in two well characterized families, the Raphidiidae with Three species of the order Raphidioptera, snake around 180-190 species and the Inocelliidae with flies, have been recorded from Norway. Raphidio about 20 species (Aspock et al. 1991). ptera is on a world scale basis a small order, and only 205 species are known. Probably not more than Snake-flies are confined to arboreal habitats, 250 species exist today (Aspock 1998, 1999). bushes may do for some. All species need a period oflow temperature around or below zero to induce The Raphidioptera is an old group with many fossil pupation or hatching ofadults. The larvae ofmost species from the Jurassic and the Cretaceous periods. species lives under bark of trees or shrubs, or in In the end of the Cretaceous all snake-flies in the crevices of living wood.
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