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CHLOROPLAST Matk GENE PHYLOGENY of SOME IMPORTANT SPECIES of PLANTS
AKDENİZ ÜNİVERSİTESİ ZİRAAT FAKÜLTESİ DERGİSİ, 2005, 18(2), 157-162 CHLOROPLAST matK GENE PHYLOGENY OF SOME IMPORTANT SPECIES OF PLANTS Ayşe Gül İNCE1 Mehmet KARACA2 A. Naci ONUS1 Mehmet BİLGEN2 1Akdeniz University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Horticulture, 07059 Antalya, Turkey 2Akdeniz University Faculty of Agriculture Department of Field Crops, 07059 Antalya, Turkey Correspondence addressed E-mail: [email protected] Abstract In this study using the chloroplast matK DNA sequence, a chloroplast-encoded locus that has been shown to be much more variable than many other genes, from one hundred and forty two plant species belong to the families of 26 plants we conducted a study to contribute to the understanding of major evolutionary relationships among the studied plant orders, families genus and species (clades) and discussed the utilization of matK for molecular phylogeny. Determined genetic relationship between the species or genera is very valuable for genetic improvement studies. The chloroplast matK gene sequences ranging from 730 to 1545 nucleotides were downloaded from the GenBank database. These DNA sequences were aligned using Clustal W program. We employed the maximum parsimony method for phylogenetic reconstruction using PAUP* program. Trees resulting from the parsimony analyses were similar to those generated earlier using single or multiple gene analyses, but our analyses resulted in strict consensus tree providing much better resolution of relationships among major clades. We found that gymnosperms (Pinus thunbergii, Pinus attenuata and Ginko biloba) were different from the monocotyledons and dicotyledons. We showed that Cynodon dactylon, Panicum capilare, Zea mays and Saccharum officiarum (all are in the C4 metabolism) were improved from a common ancestors while the other cereals Triticum Avena, Hordeum, Oryza and Phalaris were evolved from another or similar ancestors. -
Vascular Plants at Fort Ross State Historic Park
19005 Coast Highway One, Jenner, CA 95450 ■ 707.847.3437 ■ [email protected] ■ www.fortross.org Title: Vascular Plants at Fort Ross State Historic Park Author(s): Dorothy Scherer Published by: California Native Plant Society i Source: Fort Ross Conservancy Library URL: www.fortross.org Fort Ross Conservancy (FRC) asks that you acknowledge FRC as the source of the content; if you use material from FRC online, we request that you link directly to the URL provided. If you use the content offline, we ask that you credit the source as follows: “Courtesy of Fort Ross Conservancy, www.fortross.org.” Fort Ross Conservancy, a 501(c)(3) and California State Park cooperating association, connects people to the history and beauty of Fort Ross and Salt Point State Parks. © Fort Ross Conservancy, 19005 Coast Highway One, Jenner, CA 95450, 707-847-3437 .~ ) VASCULAR PLANTS of FORT ROSS STATE HISTORIC PARK SONOMA COUNTY A PLANT COMMUNITIES PROJECT DOROTHY KING YOUNG CHAPTER CALIFORNIA NATIVE PLANT SOCIETY DOROTHY SCHERER, CHAIRPERSON DECEMBER 30, 1999 ) Vascular Plants of Fort Ross State Historic Park August 18, 2000 Family Botanical Name Common Name Plant Habitat Listed/ Community Comments Ferns & Fern Allies: Azollaceae/Mosquito Fern Azo/la filiculoides Mosquito Fern wp Blechnaceae/Deer Fern Blechnum spicant Deer Fern RV mp,sp Woodwardia fimbriata Giant Chain Fern RV wp Oennstaedtiaceae/Bracken Fern Pleridium aquilinum var. pubescens Bracken, Brake CG,CC,CF mh T Oryopteridaceae/Wood Fern Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosorum Western lady Fern RV sp,wp Dryopteris arguta Coastal Wood Fern OS op,st Dryopteris expansa Spreading Wood Fern RV sp,wp Polystichum munitum Western Sword Fern CF mh,mp Equisetaceae/Horsetail Equisetum arvense Common Horsetail RV ds,mp Equisetum hyemale ssp.affine Common Scouring Rush RV mp,sg Equisetum laevigatum Smooth Scouring Rush mp,sg Equisetum telmateia ssp. -
The First Attested Extraction of Ancient DNA in Legumes (Fabaceae)
MINI REVIEW published: 17 November 2015 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2015.01006 The First Attested Extraction of Ancient DNA in Legumes (Fabaceae) Aleksandar M. Mikic´ * Forage Crops Department, Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Novi Sad, Serbia Ancient DNA (aDNA) is any DNA extracted from ancient specimens, important for diverse evolutionary researches. The major obstacles in aDNA studies are mutations, contamination and fragmentation. Its studies may be crucial for crop history if integrated with human aDNA research and historical linguistics, both general and relating to agriculture. Legumes (Fabaceae) are one of the richest end economically most important plant families, not only from Neolithic onwards, since they were used as food by Neanderthals and Paleolithic modern man. The idea of extracting and analyzing legume aDNA was considered beneficial for both basic science and applied research, with an emphasis on genetic resources and plant breeding. The first reported successful and attested extraction of the legume aDNA was done from the sample of charred seeds of pea (Pisum sativum) and bitter vetch (Vicia ervilia) from Hissar, southeast Serbia, dated to 1,350–1,000 Before Christ. A modified version of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) method and the commercial kit for DNA extraction QIAGEN DNAesy yielded several ng µl−1 of aDNA of both species and, after the whole genome amplification and with a fragment of nuclear ribosomal DNA gene 26S rDNA, resulted in the detection Edited by: of the aDNA among the PCR products. A comparative analysis of four informative Sergio Lanteri, University of Turin, Italy chloroplast DNA regions (trnSG, trnK, matK, and rbcL) among the modern wild and Reviewed by: cultivated pea taxa demonstrated not only that the extracted aDNA was genuine, on Juan B. -
Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park
Humboldt State University Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University Botanical Studies Open Educational Resources and Data 9-17-2018 Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park James P. Smith Jr Humboldt State University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Smith, James P. Jr, "Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Redwood National Park" (2018). Botanical Studies. 85. https://digitalcommons.humboldt.edu/botany_jps/85 This Flora of Northwest California-Checklists of Local Sites is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Educational Resources and Data at Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Botanical Studies by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Humboldt State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. A CHECKLIST OF THE VASCULAR PLANTS OF THE REDWOOD NATIONAL & STATE PARKS James P. Smith, Jr. Professor Emeritus of Botany Department of Biological Sciences Humboldt State Univerity Arcata, California 14 September 2018 The Redwood National and State Parks are located in Del Norte and Humboldt counties in coastal northwestern California. The national park was F E R N S established in 1968. In 1994, a cooperative agreement with the California Department of Parks and Recreation added Del Norte Coast, Prairie Creek, Athyriaceae – Lady Fern Family and Jedediah Smith Redwoods state parks to form a single administrative Athyrium filix-femina var. cyclosporum • northwestern lady fern unit. Together they comprise about 133,000 acres (540 km2), including 37 miles of coast line. Almost half of the remaining old growth redwood forests Blechnaceae – Deer Fern Family are protected in these four parks. -
Plant List for Web Page
Stanford Working Plant List 1/15/08 Common name Botanical name Family origin big-leaf maple Acer macrophyllum Aceraceae native box elder Acer negundo var. californicum Aceraceae native common water plantain Alisma plantago-aquatica Alismataceae native upright burhead Echinodorus berteroi Alismataceae native prostrate amaranth Amaranthus blitoides Amaranthaceae native California amaranth Amaranthus californicus Amaranthaceae native Powell's amaranth Amaranthus powellii Amaranthaceae native western poison oak Toxicodendron diversilobum Anacardiaceae native wood angelica Angelica tomentosa Apiaceae native wild celery Apiastrum angustifolium Apiaceae native cutleaf water parsnip Berula erecta Apiaceae native bowlesia Bowlesia incana Apiaceae native rattlesnake weed Daucus pusillus Apiaceae native Jepson's eryngo Eryngium aristulatum var. aristulatum Apiaceae native coyote thistle Eryngium vaseyi Apiaceae native cow parsnip Heracleum lanatum Apiaceae native floating marsh pennywort Hydrocotyle ranunculoides Apiaceae native caraway-leaved lomatium Lomatium caruifolium var. caruifolium Apiaceae native woolly-fruited lomatium Lomatium dasycarpum dasycarpum Apiaceae native large-fruited lomatium Lomatium macrocarpum Apiaceae native common lomatium Lomatium utriculatum Apiaceae native Pacific oenanthe Oenanthe sarmentosa Apiaceae native 1 Stanford Working Plant List 1/15/08 wood sweet cicely Osmorhiza berteroi Apiaceae native mountain sweet cicely Osmorhiza chilensis Apiaceae native Gairdner's yampah (List 4) Perideridia gairdneri gairdneri Apiaceae -
"Plant Anatomy". In: Encyclopedia of Life Sciences
Plant Anatomy Introductory article Gregor Barclay, University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago Article Contents . Introduction Plant anatomy describes the structure and organization of the cells, tissues and organs . Meristems of plants in relation to their development and function. Dermal Layers . Ground Tissues Introduction . Vascular Tissues . The Organ System Higher plants differ enormously in their size and appear- . Acknowledgements ance, yet all are constructed of tissues classed as dermal (delineating boundaries created at tissue surfaces), ground (storage, support) or vascular (transport). These are meristems arise in the embryo, the ground meristem, which organized to form three vegetative organs: roots, which produces cortex and pith, and the procambium, which function mainly to provide anchorage, water, and nutri- produces primary vascular tissues. In shoot and root tips, ents;stems, which provide support;and leaves, which apical meristems add length to the plant, and axillary buds produce food for growth. Organs are variously modified to give rise to branches. Intercalary meristems, common in perform functions different from those intended, and grasses, are found at the nodes of stems (where leaves arise) indeed the flowers of angiosperms are merely collections of and in the basal regions of leaves, and cause these organs to leaves highly modified for reproduction. The growth and elongate. All of these are primary meristems, which development of tissues and organs are controlled in part by establish the pattern of primary growth in plants. groups of cells called meristems. This introduction to plant Stems and roots add girth through the activity of anatomy begins with a description of meristems, then vascular cambium and cork cambium, lateral meristems describes the structure and function of the tissues and that arise in secondary growth, a process common in organs, modifications of the organs, and finally describes dicotyledonous plants (Figure 2). -
Archaeobotanical Studies at Sumaki Höyük (Batman, Turkey) in 2014 Leman Kutlu1, Aslı Erim Özdoğan2, Ernaz Altundağ Çakır3*
DOI: 10.31195/ejejfs.410656 Eurasian Journal of Forest Science 2018 6(2): 26-34 http://dergipark.gov.tr/ejejfs Archaeobotanical studies at Sumaki Höyük (Batman, Turkey) in 2014 Leman Kutlu1, Aslı Erim Özdoğan2, Ernaz Altundağ Çakır3* 1 Department of Biology, Institute of Science, Duzce University, 81620, Duzce. 2 Department of Archeology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Çanakkale 18 Mart University, 17000, Çanakkale. 3* Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Duzce University, 81620, Duzce. Corresponding Author: [email protected] Abstract Our study focuses on the archaeobotanical analyses of 2014 season of the Sumaki Höyük, which is located east of Beşiri town in Batman province. It was excavated within the framework of Ilısu Dam and HES project by the Batman Museum at the charge of Dr. Aslı Erim Özdoğan. Sumaki Höyük yields Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (LPPNB) and Early Pottery Neolithic, namely Pre-Proto Hassuna and Proto Hassuna phases, dated to 7310 - 7040 cal BC - 6480 - 6400 cal BC. The uppermost phase is a small farm or a district belongs to Abbasid / Hamdani Periods dated to cal. 770-890 AD. Most of the 2014 botanical samples are collected from the phases dated between cal. 7030-6580 BC and cal. 6830-6470 BC. The archaeobotanical remains were obtained by flotation of 348 lt soil of 45 samples that were collected from different loci at Sumaki Höyük. The remains are preserved either by carbonizing or mineralizing. Two domesticated families Poaceae and Fabaceae are predominant. The earliest domesticated form of wheat Triticum dicoccon (Schrank) Schübl. grains, as well as pieces of spikelet forks, are determined. -
PHASEOLUS LESSON ONE PHASEOLUS and the FABACEAE INTRODUCTION to the FABACEAE
1 PHASEOLUS LESSON ONE PHASEOLUS and the FABACEAE In this lesson we will begin our study of the GENUS Phaseolus, a member of the Fabaceae family. The Fabaceae are also known as the Legume Family. We will learn about this family, the Fabaceae and some of the other LEGUMES. When we study about the GENUS and family a plant belongs to, we are studying its TAXONOMY. For this lesson to be complete you must: ___________ do everything in bold print; ___________ answer the questions at the end of the lesson; ___________ complete the world map at the end of the lesson; ___________ complete the table at the end of the lesson; ___________ learn to identify the different members of the Fabaceae (use the study materials at www.geauga4h.org); and ___________ complete one of the projects at the end of the lesson. Parts of the lesson are in underlined and/or in a different print. Younger members can ignore these parts. WORDS PRINTED IN ALL CAPITAL LETTERS may be new vocabulary words. For help, see the glossary at the end of the lesson. INTRODUCTION TO THE FABACEAE The genus Phaseolus is part of the Fabaceae, or the Pea or Legume Family. This family is also known as the Leguminosae. TAXONOMISTS have different opinions on naming the family and how to treat the family. Members of the Fabaceae are HERBS, SHRUBS and TREES. Most of the members have alternate compound leaves. The FRUIT is usually a LEGUME, also called a pod. Members of the Fabaceae are often called LEGUMES. Legume crops like chickpeas, dry beans, dry peas, faba beans, lentils and lupine commonly have root nodules inhabited by beneficial bacteria called rhizobia. -
Genetic Diversity of Bitter Vetch (Vicia Ervilia
¤vûÈv Ë÷“fiã fl ËæÉûŸ ¤w„wÍ— ëÚ≠v fl ÃÍÑ›° Åw Í îÉ Ë™„fl¢~ ( ÊŸwfi÷Æ≈ # # ,.31 $ ,,. ( ,-3 Êî∆≠ I - Âùw⁄© I ,0 ö÷ã ¤° Ûwz #Vicia ervilia $ ñ÷É Ã©wŸ ¤‡Í¶Œ÷Õ ËŒÍÑ›° ª‡fiÉ ËzwÈüùv ˌȰ‡’‡≈ù‡Ÿ ËΩvùü Åw∆≠ £w•v ûz ¤vûÈv Ë÷Ÿ Ë„wÍ— - - ËÈw z ÚÈüw› fl ,Ë∫Ωvfl ‹Í„w© I ,Ë•w{Ω w±ù ö⁄îŸ E-mail: [email protected] I âûÕ I ùúz fl ”w‰› ‚Í‰É fl ëÚ≠v Åw Í îÉ ‚¶• Ÿo ,( ) ) Ë•wfi© ǶÈü ·flû— I◊‡÷Ω ·öŒ™›vô I†Èû{É ·w“™›vô I†Èû{É -( ·ô‡É ,-1 Áv ·ö„w™Ÿ ®ÈwŸüj ÃÈ ùô I¤vû vÈ ÷ŸË Ë Í„w — ¤° Ûwz ñ÷É Ã©wŸ ¤‡ ͶŒ÷Õ ùô Ë ÍŒ Ñ›° ª‡fiÉ Ë •ùûz ù‡∫fiŸ ‚z w„ ·ô‡É Ë ÈŒ °‡’‡≈ù‡Ÿ fl ËΩvùü Ç∆≠ /- üv ‘⁄æ’vù‡Ñ•ô »{µ ) ö› ö© Ç™Õ ‚Ωù†Ÿ ùô ,.23 öfi∆•v ùô (V. ervilia) ñ÷É Ã©wŸ ôvöæÉ ) ô‡z ûͬџ ûÑ⁄ Ñ›w•Í 3+ wÉ -, üv Ë„ö÷— ùô ·wÍ— ªw∆Éùv ) öfiÑ©vô ‚Ñ©vû≈v ö©ù Ç’wì w„ ·ô‡É ËŸ w⁄É ) ôû—Èö Áùvôûz Ç©vô wÈô üv üflù ôvöæÉ ) ô‡z ûͬџ ‘— wÉ. , üv ‹ õjÈ ‘— ùô ‘— ôvöæÉ ) ôûÕ Ë Ÿ û ¬ÉÍÍ üflù 14 3* “›wÍ‹ ÍŸ wz üflù 33 wÉ 00 üv Ë „ö÷— wÉ üflù ‚z ·w Í— ùô ◊w ›Í ôvöæÉ fl ◊wÍ› ùô ùúz ôvöæÉ ‹ “›wÍ )ŸÍ Ç©vô ûÍÍ¬É üflù ,++ ‹Í“›wÍŸ wz üflù ,,0 wÉ 4. -
Atlas of Pollen and Plants Used by Bees
AtlasAtlas ofof pollenpollen andand plantsplants usedused byby beesbees Cláudia Inês da Silva Jefferson Nunes Radaeski Mariana Victorino Nicolosi Arena Soraia Girardi Bauermann (organizadores) Atlas of pollen and plants used by bees Cláudia Inês da Silva Jefferson Nunes Radaeski Mariana Victorino Nicolosi Arena Soraia Girardi Bauermann (orgs.) Atlas of pollen and plants used by bees 1st Edition Rio Claro-SP 2020 'DGRV,QWHUQDFLRQDLVGH&DWDORJD©¥RQD3XEOLFD©¥R &,3 /XPRV$VVHVVRULD(GLWRULDO %LEOLRWHF£ULD3ULVFLOD3HQD0DFKDGR&5% $$WODVRISROOHQDQGSODQWVXVHGE\EHHV>UHFXUVR HOHWU¶QLFR@RUJV&O£XGLD,Q¬VGD6LOYD>HW DO@——HG——5LR&ODUR&,6(22 'DGRVHOHWU¶QLFRV SGI ,QFOXLELEOLRJUDILD ,6%12 3DOLQRORJLD&DW£ORJRV$EHOKDV3µOHQ– 0RUIRORJLD(FRORJLD,6LOYD&O£XGLD,Q¬VGD,, 5DGDHVNL-HIIHUVRQ1XQHV,,,$UHQD0DULDQD9LFWRULQR 1LFRORVL,9%DXHUPDQQ6RUDLD*LUDUGL9&RQVXOWRULD ,QWHOLJHQWHHP6HUYL©RV(FRVVLVWHPLFRV &,6( 9,7¯WXOR &'' Las comunidades vegetales son componentes principales de los ecosistemas terrestres de las cuales dependen numerosos grupos de organismos para su supervi- vencia. Entre ellos, las abejas constituyen un eslabón esencial en la polinización de angiospermas que durante millones de años desarrollaron estrategias cada vez más específicas para atraerlas. De esta forma se establece una relación muy fuerte entre am- bos, planta-polinizador, y cuanto mayor es la especialización, tal como sucede en un gran número de especies de orquídeas y cactáceas entre otros grupos, ésta se torna más vulnerable ante cambios ambientales naturales o producidos por el hombre. De esta forma, el estudio de este tipo de interacciones resulta cada vez más importante en vista del incremento de áreas perturbadas o modificadas de manera antrópica en las cuales la fauna y flora queda expuesta a adaptarse a las nuevas condiciones o desaparecer. -
Vascular Plants of Humboldt Bay's Dunes and Wetlands Published by U.S
Vascular Plants of Humboldt Bay's Dunes and Wetlands Published by U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service G. Leppig and A. Pickart and California Department of Fish Game Release 4.0 June 2014* www.fws.gov/refuge/humboldt_bay/ Habitat- Habitat - Occurs on Species Status Occurs within Synonyms Common name specific broad Lanphere- Jepson Manual (2012) (see codes at end) refuge (see codes at end) (see codes at end) Ma-le'l Units UD PW EW Adoxaceae Sambucus racemosa L. red elderberry RF, CDF, FS X X N X X Aizoaceae Carpobrotus chilensis (Molina) sea fig DM X E X X N.E. Br. Carpobrotus edulis ( L.) N.E. Br. Iceplant DM X E, I X Alismataceae lanceleaf water Alisma lanceolatum With. FM X E plantain northern water Alisma triviale Pursh FM X N plantain Alliaceae three-cornered Allium triquetrum L. FS, FM, DM X X E leek Allium unifolium Kellogg one-leaf onion CDF X N X X Amaryllidaceae Amaryllis belladonna L. belladonna lily DS, AW X X E Narcissus pseudonarcissus L. daffodil AW, DS, SW X X E X Anacardiaceae Toxicodendron diversilobum Torrey poison oak CDF, RF X X N X X & A. Gray (E. Greene) Apiaceae Angelica lucida L. seacoast angelica BM X X N, C X X Anthriscus caucalis M. Bieb bur chevril DM X E Cicuta douglasii (DC.) J. Coulter & western water FM X N Rose hemlock Conium maculatum L. poison hemlock RF, AW X I X Daucus carota L. Queen Anne's lace AW, DM X X I X American wild Daucus pusillus Michaux DM, SW X X N X X carrot Foeniculum vulgare Miller sweet fennel AW, FM, SW X X I X Glehnia littoralis (A. -
Pathways to Plant Domestication in Southeast Anatolia Based on New
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Pathways to plant domestication in Southeast Anatolia based on new data from aceramic Neolithic Gusir Höyük Ceren Kabukcu1*, Eleni Asouti1, Nadja Pöllath2, Joris Peters2,3 & Necmi Karul4 Southeast Anatolia is home to some of the earliest and most spectacular Neolithic sites associated with the beginning of cultivation and herding in the Old World. In this article we present new archaeobotanical and zooarchaeological data from Gusir Höyük, an aceramic Neolithic habitation dating to the 12th-late 11th millennia cal BP. Our results show selective use of legume crop progenitors and nuts during the earlier part of this period, followed by the management of cereal and legume crop progenitors from the mid-11th millennium cal BP. This contrasts with data available from other Anatolian habitations indicating broad spectrum plant use with low crop progenitor inputs. Early aceramic Neolithic Anatolian plant and animal exploitation strategies were site-specifc, refecting distinctive identities and culinary choices rather than environmental constraints. A multivariate evaluation of wheat grain metrics alongside botanical and radiometric data indicate that early wheat domestication in southeast Anatolia occurred at a faster pace than predicted by current hypotheses for a protracted transition to farming in Southwest Asia. We argue that this phenomenon is best explained as a corollary of the increasing importance of cereals in feasting at southeast Anatolian sites characterised by increasing architectural complexity and elaboration during the 11th millennium cal BP. Southeast Anatolia is home to some of the earliest Neolithic sites associated with the transition from foraging to farming in the Old World. Since the frst excavations at Çayönü Tepesi in 1964 by the Joint Istanbul-Chicago Pre- historic Project, led by Halet Çambel and Robert Braidwood, archaeological feldwork has revealed an impressive range of aceramic Neolithic sites spanning ~ 1500 years, from the mid 12th to the 10th millennia cal BP 1 (Fig.