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Genetic Diversity of Bitter Vetch (Vicia Ervilia

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Genetic Diversity of Bitter Vetch (Vicia Ervilia ¤vûÈv Ë÷“fiã fl ËæÉûŸ ¤w„wÍ— ëÚ≠v fl ÃÍÑ›° Åw Í îÉ Ë™„fl¢~ ( ÊŸwfi÷Æ≈ # # ,.31 $ ,,. ( ,-3 Êî∆≠ I - Âùw⁄© I ,0 ö÷ã ¤° Ûwz #Vicia ervilia $ ñ÷É Ã©wŸ ¤‡Í¶Œ÷Õ ËŒÍÑ›° ª‡fiÉ ËzwÈüùv ˌȰ‡’‡≈ù‡Ÿ ËΩvùü Åw∆≠ £w•v ûz ¤vûÈv Ë÷Ÿ Ë„wÍ— - - ËÈw z ÚÈüw› fl ,Ë∫Ωvfl ‹Í„w© I ,Ë•w{Ω w±ù ö⁄îŸ E-mail: [email protected] I âûÕ I ùúz fl ”w‰› ‚Í‰É fl ëÚ≠v Åw Í îÉ ‚¶• Ÿo ,( ) ) Ë•wfi© ǶÈü ·flû— I◊‡÷Ω ·öŒ™›vô I†Èû{É ·w“™›vô I†Èû{É -( ·ô‡É ,-1 Áv ·ö„w™Ÿ ®ÈwŸüj ÃÈ ùô I¤vû vÈ ÷ŸË Ë Í„w — ¤° Ûwz ñ÷É Ã©wŸ ¤‡ ͶŒ÷Õ ùô Ë ÍŒ Ñ›° ª‡fiÉ Ë •ùûz ù‡∫fiŸ ‚z w„ ·ô‡É Ë ÈŒ °‡’‡≈ù‡Ÿ fl ËΩvùü Ç∆≠ /- üv ‘⁄æ’vù‡Ñ•ô »{µ ) ö› ö© Ç™Õ ‚Ωù†Ÿ ùô ,.23 öfi∆•v ùô (V. ervilia) ñ÷É Ã©wŸ ôvöæÉ ) ô‡z ûͬџ ûÑ⁄ Ñ›w•Í 3+ wÉ -, üv Ë„ö÷— ùô ·wÍ— ªw∆Éùv ) öfiÑ©vô ‚Ñ©vû≈v ö©ù Ç’wì w„ ·ô‡É ËŸ w⁄É ) ôû—Èö Áùvôûz Ç©vô wÈô üv üflù ôvöæÉ ) ô‡z ûͬџ ‘— wÉ. , üv ‹ õjÈ ‘— ùô ‘— ôvöæÉ ) ôûÕ Ë Ÿ û ¬ÉÍÍ üflù 14 3* “›wÍ‹ ÍŸ wz üflù 33 wÉ 00 üv Ë „ö÷— wÉ üflù ‚z ·w Í— ùô ◊w ›Í ôvöæÉ fl ◊wÍ› ùô ùúz ôvöæÉ ‹ “›wÍ )ŸÍ Ç©vô ûÍÍ¬É üflù ,++ ‹Í“›wÍŸ wz üflù ,,0 wÉ 4. üv ùúz Ë—öÍ•ù wÉ Ç™Õ ØûΩfl ”‡µ Åw∆≠ wz ◊wÍ› ùô ùúz ôvöæÉ ô‡z) ûͬџ ◊û— /0 ‹ “›wÍ ÍŸ wz ◊û— 20 wÉ .+ üv ‚›vô ùv†„ ¤üfl ô‡z) ôöΩ 00 fl y0*. ÉûÉÍ ùô ‚ê—ûz Ç∆ã ôvöæÉ fl # r= *+(6 -./. , P<.01 $ ·wÍ— ùô ‘— ôvöæÉ I #r= *+ 143/ , P<.01 $ ◊wÍ› ‘Œ© I #r= *+ 3+42 , P<.01 $ ◊wÍ› ‚æŸwã §›wÈù vfl üv " 2+ /* ‚Õ ôvô ¤w™› w‰÷ŸwΩ ‚z ‚ȆåÉ üv ‘≠wì äÈwÑ› ) ôvô ¤w™› ùvô ËfiæŸ Ë “Ѷ{⁄„ # r= *+( ..,0 , P<.01 $ œûz wÉ üflù ôvöæÉ I ‹Èõj ‘— ùô ‘— ôvöæÉ IË„ö÷— wÉ üflù ôvöæÉ IËÈvü ‚ów© Á‡“’v Åw∆≠ ”flv ‘ŸwΩ ùô ) ôùvô ô‡ãfl ”flv ‘ŸwΩ 2 ùô fl ‘— ®≈ùô –›ù Åö© I‘— ·üvö›v IËÈv ü‚ów© Åw∆≠ ‚Õ ËÉù‡≠ ùô ) öfiÑ©vô vù ûÍámÉ ‹ÈûÑ™Íz ·wÍ— ö©ù ÇΩû• fl ùúz Ë—öÍ•ù ‹Èv ”flv ‘ŸwΩ flô üv ‘≠wì ÅÚ~ ùô w„ ·ô‡É ®fiÕvû~ ºÈü‡É ‹Ífiê⁄„ ) öfiÑ©vô ◊flô ‘ŸwΩ ùô vù ûÍámÉ ‹ÈûÑ™Íz ·wÍ— ùô ◊wÍ› ôvöæÉ ùô Åw∆≠ ‹Í“›wÍŸ Áflù ûz Ward ßflù ‚ z ûÑ•ÚÕ ‘Í÷îÉ ùô ) ôvô ¤w™› û“ ÈöŒÈ ‚z Ç{¶› ¤wÑ•v û„ ùô vù w„ ·ô‡É ®fiÕvû~ I ‚ȆåÉ I◊ÚÈv Áw‰›wÑ•v ◊flô ‚©‡ó ùô IÁ†ÕûŸ fl ¤wÑ•û’ I¤wÑ•ôûÕ Áw‰›wÑ•v ”flv ‚©‡ó ùô ) ö© ¨ò™Ÿ ‚©‡ó ‚• ¤wÑ•v û„ Á w„ ·ô‡É )öfiÑ≈û— ùvû… û“ÈöŒÈ ùwfiÕ Ë…û© ¤wåÈwzùõj fl ¤wŸûÕ Áw‰›wÑ•v ◊‡• ‚©‡ó ùô fl ¤w‰∆≠v fl ¤vö⁄„ ) ) ˌȰ‡’‡≈ù‡Ÿ ËΩvùü Åw∆≠ fl ñ÷É Ã©wŸ ÿ•Ú~ ◊ù° IËŒÍÑ›° ª‡fiÉ 5ÁöÍ÷Õ Áw„ ·°vfl fl ëÚ≠v ùô ‹Ífiê⁄„ ¤w„wÍ— ‹Èv ) öfiѶ„ Á v‚≈‡÷Ω ûá oŸ ùvô yÍ© Ëìv ‡› ùô ´‡Æó ‚z Àwó Çπw∆ì ·ôv‡›wó ‚z »÷æÑŸ ‚›‡— ,/+ wz (Vicia ) éwŸ §fiã # ) ) # Rechinger, 1979 fl ,.20 ȤwI û∆∫Ÿ $ öfi©wz ËŸ /0 ‚Õö©wz ËŸ Vicieae ‚∆Èwµ fl # Fabaceae $ ÅÒ‡ z ñ÷É Åw{ ÍÕûÉ ô‡ãfl ûµwó ‚z V. ervilia ‚›‡— ‚›‡— †ã z fl‚ ‚Ñ©vô ËæÍ{µ ßûѶ— ¤vûÈv ùô ¤j ‚›‡— ‘ ’ôÍ ‚ z fl ñ÷É Ã©wŸ ‚z ‚›vô ùô Ë ›°‡›w •Í Áw„ö Èü‡Õ‡÷— ßüùv fl ‘Ͷ›wÑ~ Ávùvô w„ ‚›‡— ‚Í z # Ú…wz $ V. faba ))) @ éwŸ ¤‡Í¶C> ËC ªA ËzwÈüùv ,,/ w‰fiÉ ôvöæÉ ‹ Èv üv ) Ç•v ·ö© Áùflj º⁄ã (WANA) û≈jÈ w éwŸ ‚z ◊w Í› ùô w„ ‚›vô ‹ Íz ‘≠v‡≈ ùô ◊w öÍ ö©# —ôû-J ËΩvùü ƒ÷ÑòŸ Åw∆≠ wz ‚∂zvù ùô ¤‡Í¶Œ÷Õ üv Ë™òz û÷ó üv ËÈ w„ ‚›‡— ‹Ífiê⁄„ ) Ç•v √flûæŸ ùvô ‚÷zj ùvû… ËzwÈüùv ôù‡Ÿ ËѶÈü ûÍ¡ fl ËѶÈü Áw‰™fi É wz ¥{ÉûŸ ‚z † ›Í )Vicia orobus( éwŸ fl (Lathyrus linifolius) (Abd-El Moneim & Saxena, 1995, Ç•v ‚Ñ≈û— éwŸ üv ù‡∫fiŸ ‚’w Ÿ ‹ Èv ùô ) öfiѶ„ √flûæŸ ñ÷É Ã©wŸ ) ) ICARDA, 1995, 1996) Vicia ervilia (L.) ‚›‡— ) ö©wz ŸË V. ervilia ‚›‡— ñ÷É ·ö© ¨ò™Ÿ vôùwŒÈv ùô ·öŸj ‘⁄æz Áw‰Í•ùûz »{µ üv Ervum ervilia ‚›‡— wz √ôvûÑŸ ¤v‡fiΩ ‚z Willd fl vûè ljã #”öÑæŸ ôû• ¥Èvû© ùô $ V. sativa ‚Õ Ç•v (Rechinger, Ç•v ·ö© ßùv†— ¤vûÈv Ë ìv‡› üv Á ùwͶz ¥Èvû© ùô $ V. ervilia fl Ùó ‚≈‡÷Ω fl ·wÕ I‚›vô öÍ’‡É IÇ•v ·öŸj ·wÍ— ‹Èv ëû© ùô ‚Õ ËÉw∆≠ ‚÷⁄ã üv ) 1979) ljã #ôû• ¥Èvû© ùô $ V. narbonensis fl #”öÑæŸ ôû• w{Èû É fl ÿÍò± wÑ{¶› IÇ•vù ‚…w• IÀûÕ ¤flöz w{Èû É · wÍ— ùô ‹Ífiê⁄„ ) ö›ùvô vù ·ôw∆Ñ•v ôù‡ Ÿ ‹Èûщz ·wÕ fl ‚›vô öÍ’‡É J®Í› ‚z ˉÑfiŸ œûz ù‡îŸ ◊J û› ËÕûÕ wÉ ÀûÕ ¤flöz ª‡fiÉ I éwŸ Áw„ ‚›‡— Ùó ‚≈‡÷Ω fl ·wÕ ËÈvú¡ ÇÍ∆ÍÕ Áwfi‰~ ‚z IûÑ⁄ ŸÍ÷Í ,0 wÉ 0 ”‡µ ‚z IÇ∆ã ,1(4 w„ ‚ê—ûz ‚≈‡÷Ω ) Ç•v · ö© ·ö„w™Ÿ w„ ‚›‡— ‹Íz fl ¤flùô ùô Ëz‡ó ”‡µ ‚z w‰÷— ‘—J /(, Ávùvô ‹Èõj ‘— IûÑ⁄Í÷ÍŸ $/(#.(, ◊w⁄É ‹Íz ùô vù ‹Í uÉflû~ ùvö Ÿ ‹ÈûÑ™Íz V. sativa Ùó ◊wÍ› ) ®∆fiz Á „w ‚—ù wz ®≈ùô J◊ûÕ wÈ öÍ∆• IûÑ⁄ Í÷ÍŸ 4(0 V. villosa §Ä• fl V. ervilia ¤j üv öæz fl ôùvô w„ ‚›‡— ‹Íz ‘≠v‡≈ ùô I·öÍ™Õ IûÑ⁄Í÷ÍŸ # $(3 ,0 -0( ” ‡µ ‚z ùô ÿ≤„ ‘zw… û{Í≈ ùvö Ÿ ) ö›ùvô ùvû… subsp dasycarpa ‚z w„ ‚›vô ‚›vôJ # $(, - /( Ávùvô I ·ôû™≈ Åö© ‚z w„ ‚›vô ÇÍ÷zw… ‘Í’ô ‹Èv ‚z fl ôùvô vù ùvö Ÿ ‹ÈûÑ⁄Õ V. ervilia fl –›û⁄Õ Á v·‡‰… IÁflûÕ IûÑ⁄Í÷ÍŸ 0*/(0*. $0(# û∂… Ç{¶› fl Áùvö—ûz üv Ë©w› ‘⁄Ω ‹Èv fl Ç •v Òwz ¤j ÿ≤„ )(Rechinger, 1979) öfi©wz ËŸ ·öÍ™Õ √w› (ICARDA, ö©wz ËŸ ‚›‡— ‹Èv ùô Òwz ‚…w• ‚z œûz †ÕûŸ ôùvô éwŸ §fiã ‚Õ ËŒÍÑ›° Áw‰ÍÈw›v‡É ûµwó z‚ fl Ë›°‡›w •Í Áw„ö Èü‡Õ‡÷— ·û Íóõ ‘ ’ôÍ ‚ z ‚èû—v ) 1996) Åw Í îÉ (ICARDA) vôù vÈwŒ Ë÷÷⁄’v ‹Íz Åw Í îÉ ùúz Iñ÷É Ã©wŸ ùúz ùô (Sadeghi et al. , 2004) Í‹ ›vflw›wÕ ‚÷⁄ã üv w„I éwŸ Åflw∆ÑŸ Áw„ ‚{fiã ù ô vù Áv ·ôûѶ— ‘Í’ô ‚z ’flË ô‡I ©ËŸ ·ôvô í ÍãûÉ ûÑ⁄Õ ù‡ ͵ ¥•‡É ¤j w‰Œ©wŸ ‹Íz üv ) Ç•v ·ôûÕ ªflû© V. ervilia ñ÷É Ã©wŸ Á Á vûz ¤j œûz fl ‚…w• Á Òwz ÿ≤„ Ç ÷zw…Í fl û{ Í≈ ÿÕ ùvö Ÿ fl V. sativa IÙó fl ◊û— ¥Èvû© wz V. narbonensis È º È û• ö©ù ‘Í’ô ‚z ·w — ‹Í )vÈ ö©wz Ë Ÿ Àvù‡ó ߇ó w‰ vôŸ V. ervilia , V. villosa fl x‡µûŸ »µwfiŸ wz V. ervilia ôû• ‚’öÑæŸ »µwfiŸ ùô ‚囇 È ü‡fi„ ‚Õ Ë ›wŸü I”w• ”flv ùô ‹Èûщz º ∆ÉûŸ fl ôû• Áw‰∂ÍîŸ wz subsp. dssycarpa ‹ mŸÍ É vù w‰Ÿvô üw Í› ôù‡Ÿ ‚≈‡÷Ω ö›v‡ ÉËŸ ö©wz Ë Ÿ xv‡ó ùô w„ éwŸ üv ËÈw„ ‚›‡— ö›v) ·ôvô ¤w™› vù Áùw—üw• ) ) (Sadeghi et al. , 2004) w⁄›Èö Áw‰fiÍŸü Ávûz ö›ùvô ËfiÍŸüûÈü ◊wÍ› ‚Õ ËÈw‰›j ´‡Æó z‚ ·ö™› ôùvfl w„ù v†⁄Èô ËΩvùü xflwfiÉ ùô Áv ‚≈‡÷Ω ¤w„wÍ— ) ö›v ·ôvô ¤w™› Áùw—üw• ¤vùwz ÿÕ ë‡∂• fl Á v‚Í©wì ‚z ‚ã‡É wz ) ö›ùvô öÍ’‡É ùô ËŒè‡Õ ùwͶz ÿ‰• fl ·ô‡É --3+ ‚Õ ôùvô ‚›‡⁄› /02- vôùwŒ vÈ Ã©wŸ ¤‡Í¶Œ÷Õ ùô Áv ‚≈‡÷Ω ¤w„wÍ— ßûѶ— I ËÉw Í îÉ Áw„ôùflwÑ•ô ”w⁄© fl w Í•j xû¡ Áw„ù‡™Õ üv #" /4 4* ”ôwæŸ $ ¤j ,,0 - Âùw⁄© ,0I ö)Y ¤vûÈv Ë÷“fiã fl ËæÉûŸ ¤w„wÍ— ëÚ≠v fl ÃÍÑ›° Åw Í îÉ ÊŸwfi÷Æ ‚Õ Ë Í îÉ )# ,.3/ I Ë∫Ωvfl ûò≈ J ,.3/ I ·ôv†Í $÷Ω Ç•v fl ù‡™Õ üwÍ› ôù‡Ÿ ‚≈‡÷Ω ‹ÍŸ mÉ ù‡∫fiŸ ‚ z ù‡™Õ Áw„ ùv†⁄Èô Ë•ùûz wã ÃÈ vù ù‡™Õ ùô ô‡ã‡Ÿ ñ÷É Ã©wŸ Á w„ ·ô‡É û∫› ‚z ) Ç•v ûÈú~ ¤wŒŸv IÀwó Á†Íò÷≠wì ô‡{‰z †Í› ùô ˌȰ‡’‡≈ù‡Ÿ fl ËΩvùü Åw∆ ≠ ) ôùvö› ô‡ãfl öÈ ⁄›w ¤flùô fl ‹Íz ùô ô‡ã‡Ÿ ª‡fiÉ ‚z ‚ã‡É wz ‚Õ ö•ù ËŸ öfiè ‚È†åÉ üv ·ôw∆Ñ• v wz ËŒÍÑ›° ª‡fiÉ ‹ÍÍæÉ fl Áöfiz ·flû— ùw—üw• fl y•wfiŸ ◊w…ùv ‚z Ë•ûÑ•ô IÁv ‚≈‡÷Ω Áw„ ‚›‡— ) Ç•v ·ö© ‚Ñ≈û— ùwÕ ‚z ƒ÷ÑòŸ ËΩvùü ¤w„wÍ— ùô I·ûͬџ ùô äÈvù Áw„ ßflù »Èûµ üv ù‡™Õ ƒ÷ÑòŸ »µwfiŸ Ávûz Gustine & Huff, 1999; Lu-Xinshi J ,.3- I Ë•w{Ω $ üwÍ› Ë Í∆÷É Ë•ùûz wz ¤v‡ ÉËŸ fl ·ô‡z Ë÷⁄Ω ÅwÉw{› ëÚ≠v et al ., 1997).
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