1 a SHORT BIBLIOGRAPHY in ZOOSEMIOTICS Abram, David
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University of Tartu Department of Semiotics Laura Kiiroja the ZOOSEMIOTICS of SOCIALIZATION
University of Tartu Department of Semiotics Laura Kiiroja THE ZOOSEMIOTICS OF SOCIALIZATION: CASE-STUDY IN SOCIALIZING RED FOX (VULPES VULPES) IN TANGEN ANIMAL PARK, NORWAY Master’s Thesis Supervisors: Timo Maran, Ph.D Nelly Mäekivi, M.A Tartu 2014 CONTENTS Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………….4 1. The theoretical aspects of keeping wild animals in captivity ………………………………7 1.1. The main arguments on the ethics of keeping animals in captivity……………….7 1.2. Modern viewpoints on animal welfare……………………………………………9 1.3. Modern viewpoints on animal behaviour………………………………………..13 1.3.1. Behavioural display and animal welfare……………………………….14 1.4. The role of enrichment in animal welfare………………………………………..17 1.4.1. The essence of animal training in zoos………………………………...19 1.5. The importance of human-animal relationships in the zoo………………………21 1.5.1. The importance of Umwelt consideration……………………………...23 1.5.1.1. The functional circle ………………………………………...24 1.5.2. The effect of zoo visitors on animal welfare…………………………..26 1.5.3. The effect of keeper-animal relationships on animal welfare………….28 1.6. Explaining animal communication…………………………………………........30 1.7. Socialization – a method of improving welfare of captive animals……………...36 1.7.1. The need for socialization……………………………………………...37 1.7.2. The basic mechanisms of socialization………………………………...38 2. The research methodology of a zoosemiotic approach to socialization …………………...40 2.1. Thick description of socialization………………………………………………..40 2.2. Actor-orientedness of the research……………………………………………….42 2.3. Participatory observation………………………………………………………...43 2.4. The dimensions of interpretations presented in the thesis ………………………44 3. Case-study of the socialization of Red Fox (Vulpes vulpes)………………………………46 3.1. General methods of socialization………………………………………………..46 3.1.1. -
Called “Talking Animals” Taught Us About Human Language?
Linguistic Frontiers • 1(1) • 14-38 • 2018 DOI: 10.2478/lf-2018-0005 Linguistic Frontiers Representational Systems in Zoosemiotics and Anthroposemiotics Part I: What Have the So- Called “Talking Animals” Taught Us about Human Language? Research Article Vilém Uhlíř* Theoretical and Evolutionary Biology, Department of Philosophy and History of Sciences. Charles University. Viničná 7, 12843 Praha 2, Czech Republic Received ???, 2018; Accepted ???, 2018 Abstract: This paper offers a brief critical review of some of the so-called “Talking Animals” projects. The findings from the projects are compared with linguistic data from Homo sapiens and with newer evidence gleaned from experiments on animal syntactic skills. The question concerning what had the so-called “Talking Animals” really done is broken down into two categories – words and (recursive) syntax. The (relative) failure of the animal projects in both categories points mainly to the fact that the core feature of language – hierarchical recursive syntax – is missing in the pseudo-linguistic feats of the animals. Keywords: language • syntax • representation • meta-representation • zoosemiotics • anthroposemiotics • talking animals • general cognition • representational systems • evolutionary discontinuity • biosemiotics © Sciendo 1. The “Talking Animals” Projects For the sake of brevity, I offer a greatly selective review of some of the more important “Talking Animals” projects. Please note that many omissions were necessary for reasons of space. The “thought climate” of the 1960s and 1970s was formed largely by the Skinnerian zeitgeist, in which it seemed possible to teach any animal to master any, or almost any, skill, including language. Perhaps riding on an ideological wave, following the surprising claims of Fossey [1] and Goodall [2] concerning primates, as well as the claims of Lilly [3] and Batteau and Markey [4] concerning dolphins, many scientists and researchers focussed on the continuities between humans and other species, while largely ignoring the discontinuities and differences. -
Animal Conflict "1,
ANIMAL CONFLICT "1, ...... '", .. r.", . r ",~ Illustrated by Leslie M. Downie Department of Zoology, University of Glasgow ANIMAL CONFLICT Felicity A. Huntingford and Angela K. Turner Department of Zoology, University of Glasgow .-~ ' ..... '. .->, I , f . ~ :"fI London New York CHAPMAN AND HALL Chapman and Hall Animal Behaviour Series SERIES EDITORS D.M. Broom Colleen Macleod Professor of Animal Welfare, University of Cambridge, UK P.W. Colgan Professor of Biology, Queen's University, Canada Detailed studies of behaviour are important in many areas of physiology, psychology, zoology and agriculture. Each volume in this series will provide a concise and readable account of a topic of fundamental importance and current interest in animal behaviour, at a level appropriate for senior under graduates and research workers. Many facets of the study ofanimal behaviour will be explored and the topics included will reflect the broad scope of the subject. The major areas to be covered will range from behavioural ecology and sociobiology to general behavioural mechanisms and physiological psychology. Each volume will provide a rigorous and balanced view of the subject although authors will be given the freedom to develop material in their own way. To Tim) Joan and Jessica) with thanks) and to all the children who provided inspiration First published in 1987 by Chapmatl and Hall Ltd 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Published in the USA by Chapman atld Hall 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 © 1987 Felicity A. Huntingford and Angela K. Turner Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1987 ISBN -13: 978-94-010-9008-7 This title is available in both hardbound and paperback editions. -
FIELD PHILOSOPHY Final Schedule June 9.Pdf
Field Philosophy and Other Experiments École normale supérieure, Paris, France, 23-24 June 2017 New interdisciplinary methodological practices have emerged within the environmental humanities over the last decade, and in particular there has been a noticeable movement within the humanities to experiment with field methodologies in order to critically address environmental concerns that cross more-than-disciplinary concepts, theories, narratives, and practices. By exploring relations with (and between) human communities, nonhuman animals, plants, fungi, forests, microbes, scientific practices, and more, environmental humanities scholars are breaking with traditional methodological practices and demonstrating that the compositions of their study subjects – e.g., extinction events, damaged landscapes, decolonization, climate change, conservation efforts – are always a confluence of entangled meanings, actors, and interests. The environmental humanities methodologies that are employed in the field draw from traditional disciplines (e.g., art, philosophy, literature, science and technology studies, indigenous studies, environmental studies, gender studies), but they are (i) importantly reshaping how environmental problems are being defined, analyzed, and acted on, and (ii) expanding and transforming traditional disciplinary frameworks to match their creative methodological practices. Recent years have thus seen a rise in new methodologies in the broad area of the environmental humanities. “Field philosophy” has recently emerged as a means of engaging with concrete problems, not in an ad hoc manner of applying pre-established theories to a case study, but as an organic means of thinking and acting with others in order to better address the problem at hand. In this respect, field philosophy is an addition to other field methodologies that include etho-ethnology, multispecies ethnography and multispecies studies, philosophical ethology, more-than-human participatory research, extinction studies, and Anthropocene studies. -
A Review of Some Aspects of Avian Field Ethology 1
A REVIEW OF SOME ASPECTS OF AVIAN FIELD ETHOLOGY 1 ROBERT W. FICKEN AND MILLICENT S. FICKEN T•E last 30 yearshave seen the developmentof a new approachto the study of behavior, which has increasinglyinterested ornithologists as they have attemptedto understandavian biologyfully. This new ap- proachis now known as ethology. Both amateur and professionalorni- thologistshave contributedto its progressfrom the beginning. A basictenet of ethologyis that all behaviorof animalscan eventually be understood.The ethologistattempts to explainbehavior functionally (what doesit do for the animal?), causally(what are the internal and externalfactors responsible for each given behavior?),and evolutionarily (what is the probablephylogeny of the behavior,how doesit contribute to th'esurvival of the species,and what are the selectivepressures acting uponit?) (seeTinbergen, 1951, 1959; Hinde, 1959b). Somebasic proceduresare essentialin an ethologicalstudy (Hinde, 1959b: 564). The first step is to describeand classifyall the behavior of an animal, at the same time, if possible,dividing the behavior into logicalunits which can be dealt with furtherin other disciplines--particu- larly physiologyand ecology(see Russellet al., 1954). Althoughstudies often beginqualitatively, they eventuallyshould be quantified. Generali- zations,which are to be valid for many species,must be basedon work using closelyrelated speciesfirst, and more distantly related ones later. The animal is studied as an integrated whole. Some workers, notably Konrad Lorenz, keep and breed animalsin captivity under closescrutiny. Most of this paper dealswith communicationof birds. We have stressed particularly the analysisof displays,their evolution,and their relation to taxonomy--topicsof great interest to systematicornithologists as well as to ethologists.In addition, we discusscertain maintenanceactivities. LITERATURE OF ET•OLOC¾ Much of the early ethologicalliterature appearedin Europeanpublications, but it is now also appearingin this country frequently. -
NELLY MÄEKIVI the Zoological Garden As a Hybrid Environment – a (Zoo)Semiotic Analysis
NELLY MÄEKIVINELLY DISSERTATIONES SEMIOTICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 29 The Zoological Garden as a Hybrid Environment – A (Zoo)semiotic Analysis Environment Garden as a Hybrid – A (Zoo)semiotic Zoological The NELLY MÄEKIVI The Zoological Garden as a Hybrid Environment – A (Zoo)semiotic Analysis Tartu 2018 1 ISSN 1406-6033 ISBN 978-9949-77-893-5 DISSERTATIONES SEMIOTICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 29 DISSERTATIONES SEMIOTICAE UNIVERSITATIS TARTUENSIS 29 NELLY MÄEKIVI The Zoological Garden as a Hybrid Environment – A (Zoo)semiotic Analysis Department of Semiotics, Institute of Philosophy and Semiotics, University of Tartu, Estonia The council of the Institute of Philosophy and Semiotics of the University of Tartu has on October 8, 2018 accepted this dissertation for defence for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (in Semiotics and Culture Studies). Supervisor: Timo Maran, Senior Research Fellow, Head of Department of Semiotics, University of Tartu Opponents: Paul Cobley, Professor of Middlesex University, Great Britain Dario Martinelli, Professor of Kaunas University of Technology, Lithuania The thesis will be defended at the University of Tartu, Estonia, on December 3rd, 2018, at 12:15 in University of Tartu Council Hall, Ülikooli 18 This research was supported by the Centre of Excellence in Cultural Theory (European Regional Development Fund); the Graduate School of Culture Studies and Arts (European Social Fund); European Social Fund’s Doctoral Studies and Internationalisation Programme DoRa (carried out by Foundation Archimedes); Estonian Research Council’s institutional research project IUT2-44; Estonian Science Foundation Research grant ETF7790 “Dynamical Zoo- semiotics and Animal Representations”; Estonian Science Foundation Research grant ETF8403 “Animals in changing environments: Cultural mediation and semiotic analysis” (EEA Norway Grants EMP 151); Personal Research Funding project PUT1363 “Semiotics of multispecies environments: agencies, meaning making and communication conflicts”. -
Thomas A. Sebeok and Biology: Building Biosemiotics
Cybernetics And Human Knowing. Vol. 10, no. 1, pp. xx-xx Thomas A. Sebeok and biology: Building biosemiotics Kalevi Kull1 Abstract: The paper attempts to review the impact of Thomas A. Sebeok (1920–2001) on biosemiotics, or semiotic biology, including both his work as a theoretician in the field and his activity in organising, publishing, and communicating. The major points of his work in the field of biosemiotics concern the establishing of zoosemiotics, interpretation and development of Jakob v. Uexküll’s and Heini Hediger’s ideas, typological and comparative study of semiotic phenomena in living organisms, evolution of semiosis, the coincidence of semiosphere and biosphere, research on the history of biosemiotics. Keywords: semiotic biology, zoosemiotics, endosemiotics, biosemiotic paradigm, semiosphere, biocommunication, theoretical biology “Culture,” so-called, is implanted in nature; the environment, or Umwelt, is a model generated by the organism. Semiosis links them. T. A. Sebeok (2001c, p. vii) When an organic body is dead, it does not carry images any more. This is a general feature that distinguishes complex forms of life from non-life. The images of the organism and of its images, however, can be carried then by other, living bodies. The images are singular categories, which means that they are individual in principle. The identity of organic images cannot be of mathematical type, because it is based on the recognition of similar forms and not on the sameness. The organic identity is, therefore, again categorical, i.e., singular. Thus, in order to understand the nature of images, we need to know what life is, we need biology — a biology that can deal with phenomena of representation, recognition, categorisation, communication, and meaning. -
Social Dominance: a Behavioral Mechanism for Resource Allocation in Crayfish
SOCIAL DOMINANCE: A BEHAVIORAL MECHANISM FOR RESOURCE ALLOCATION IN CRAYFISH Kandice Christine Fero A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate College of Bowling Green State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY August 2008 Committee: Paul Moore, Advisor Verner Bingman Graduate Faculty Representative Sheryl Coombs Rex Lowe Steve Vessey ii ABSTRACT Paul Moore, Advisor Social dominance is often equated with priority of access to resources and higher relative fitness. But the consequences of dominance are not always readily advantageous for an individual and therefore, testing of such assumptions is needed in order to appropriately characterize mechanisms of resource competition in animal systems. This dissertation examined the ecological consequences of dominance in crayfish. Specifically, the following questions were addressed: is resource allocation determined by dominance and how does the structure of resources in an environment affect dominance relationships? By examining the mechanism of how dominance may allocate resources in groups of crayfish, we can begin to answer questions concerning what environmental selective pressures are shaping social behavior in this system. Shelter acquisition and use was examined in a combination of natural, semi-natural, and laboratory studies in order to observe dominance relationships under ecologically relevant conditions. The work presented here shows that: (1) social status has persisting behavioral consequences with regard to shelter use, which are modulated by social context; (2) dominance relationships influence the spatial distribution of crayfish in natural environments such that dominant individuals possess access to more space; (3) resource use strategies differ depending on social history and these strategies may influence larger scale segregation across habitats; and finally, (4) shelter distribution modulates the extent to which social history and shelter ownership influence the formation of subsequent dominance relationships. -
Aggressive Behavior in the Genus Gallus Sp1
Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science Revista Brasileira de Ciência Avícola ISSN 1516-635X Jan - Mar 2006 / v.8 / n.1 / 01 - 14 Aggressive behavior in the genus Gallus sp1 Author(s) ABSTRACT Queiroz SA2 The intensification of the production system in the poultry industry Cromberg VU3 and the vertical integration of the poultry agribusiness have brought 1 Funded by Associação de Criadores e de profound changes in the physical and social environment of domestic Preservação das Raças de Galos Combatentes. fowls in comparison to their ancestors and have modified the expression 2 Departamento de Zootecnia, Faculdade de of aggression and submission. The present review has covered the Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de studies focusing on the different aspects linked to aggressiveness in Jaboticabal, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) the genus Gallus. The evaluated studies have shown that aggressiveness 3 ETCO Grupo de Estudos e Pesquisa em and subordination are complex behavioral expressions that involve Etologia e Ecologia - UNESP/FCAV genetic differences between breeds, strains and individuals, and differences in the cerebral development during growth, in the hormonal metabolism, in the rearing conditions of individuals, including feed restriction, density, housing type (litter or cage), influence of the opposite Mail Address sex during the growth period, existence of hostile stimuli (pain and Sandra Aidar de Queiroz frustration), ability to recognize individuals and social learning. The Departamento de Zootecnia utilization of fighting birds as experimental material in the study of Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal - UNESP mechanisms that have influence on the manifestation of aggressiveness Via de acesso Prof. Paulo D. -
The Insufficiency of Zoological Gardens
THE INSUFFICIENCY OF ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS David Hancocks Executive Director Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum Presented American Zoo and Aquarium Association Annual General Meeting Seattle, WA, 1996 About twenty years ago, Seattle's Woodland Park Zoo produced its Long Range Plan. It was the first zoo plan ever prepared by landscape architects, rather than by architects. Also it was the first based on bioclimatic zoning. Many zoo professionals ridiculed the concept of bioclimatic zoning. Recently an architect board member of Zoos Victoria rejected it as worthless, saying it was “just all about the sun and trees and that sort of thing.” Traditionalists in the zoo world argued for retaining taxonomic grouping as the basis for zoo plans. Another novel approach introduced at Woodland Park Zoo was the creating of large-scale outdoor exhibits in which people and animals shared the same naturalistic landscape. Landscape architect Grant Jones, in preparing the Zoo’s Long Range Plan, coined the term "landscape immersion" for this approach. Unfortunately some zoo professionals thought it wasteful to dedicate space and money to landscaping, and opposed the emphasis on plants. Landscape immersion, and naturalistic exhibits that replicate specific habitats, and even bioclimatic zoning, have now become accepted, and are regarded by many zoos as standard practice. Indeed, zoo people often talk of such techniques as an ideal. This is unfortunate, because these concepts, though worthwhile, do not go far enough. The zoo profession needs to reach far beyond the present goals. In their present form zoos are not sufficient for the coming century. The so called "greening" of western zoos in recent years, and the development of what is called "habitat" exhibits have for the most part dealt only with cosmetic problems. -
Sebeok As a Semiotician Semiotics and Its Masters (Past and Present) Session Prof
Southeast European Center for Semiotic Studies. Sofia 2014, 16–20 September, New Bulgarian University, Montevideo 21, Sofia 1618, Bulgaria http://semio2014.org/en/home; http://semio2014.org/en/sebeok-as-a-semiotician Thursday, 16 September 2014, 14:00–19:00 h Sebeok as a semiotician Semiotics and its Masters (past and present) session prof. emeritus VILMOS VOIGT ([email protected]) Thomas A. Sebeok (Budapest 9 November 1920 – Bloomington 21 December 2001) There should be a discussion on the major topic and results of Sebeok’s semiotic activity. He started as a Finno-Ugrist linguist, and then moved to general linguistics and communication theory and non-verbal communication. Then he became an outliner and historiographer of semiotics, the founding father of “zoosemiotics”, and of a classical style “biosemiotics”. He did more than anybody else for international congresses, teaching and publication of worldwide semiotics. He was a central knot of the “semiotic web”. There are still many persons who have known and remember him. Abstracts: 1) EERO TARASTI , University of Helsinki, President of the IASS/AIS (([email protected]) The Sebeokian Vision of Semiotics. From Finno-Ugrian Studies via Zoosemiotics to Bio- and Global Semiotics 2) Hongbing Yu, Nanjing Normal Univeristy, Nanjing, China ([email protected]) The Sebeokian Synthesis of Two Seemingly Contrary Traditions—Viewed from China The prevailing dominance of Peircean studies of signs in the West, the witness of which is manifestly borne by a 1988 paper entitled “Why we prefer Peirce to Saussure” written by one of the major contemporary scholars on Peirce, T.L. Short, has been well-acknowledged in the domain Chinese semiotics. -
Modeling, Dialogue, and Globality: Biosemiotics and Semiotics of Self. 2
Sign Systems Studies 31.1, 2003 Modeling, dialogue, and globality: Biosemiotics and semiotics of self. 2. Biosemiotics, semiotics of self, and semioethics Susan Petrilli Dept. of Linguistic Practices and Text Analysis, University of Bari Via Garruba 6, 70100 Bari, Italy e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The main approaches to semiotic inquiry today contradict the idea of the individual as a separate and self-sufficient entity. The body of an organism in the micro- and macrocosm is not an isolated biological entity, it does not belong to the individual, it is not a separate and self-sufficient sphere in itself. The body is an organism that lives in relation to other bodies, it is intercorporeal and interdependent. This concept of the body finds confir- mation in cultural practices and worldviews based on intercorporeity, inter- dependency, exposition and opening, though nowadays such practices are almost extinct. An approach to semiotics that is global and at once capable of surpassing the illusory idea of definitive and ultimate boundaries to identity presupposes dialogue and otherness. Otherness obliges identity to question the tendency to totalizing closure and to reorganize itself always anew in a process related to ‘infinity’, as Emmanuel Levinas teaches us, or to ‘infinite semiosis’, to say it with Charles Sanders Peirce. Another topic of this paper is the interrelation in anthroposemiosis between man and machine and the implications involved for the future of humanity. Our overall purpose is to develop global semiotics in the direction of “semioethics”, as proposed by S. Petrilli and A. Ponzio and their ongoing research.