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The Causes and Consequences of Variation in Agonistic Behavior in the Bluebanded Goby (Lythrypnus Dalli)

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The Causes and Consequences of Variation in Agonistic Behavior in the Bluebanded Goby (Lythrypnus Dalli) Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Neuroscience Institute Dissertations Neuroscience Institute 12-18-2014 The Causes and Consequences of Variation in Agonistic Behavior in the Bluebanded Goby (Lythrypnus dalli) Tessa Solomon-Lane Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/neurosci_diss Recommended Citation Solomon-Lane, Tessa, "The Causes and Consequences of Variation in Agonistic Behavior in the Bluebanded Goby (Lythrypnus dalli)." Dissertation, Georgia State University, 2014. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/neurosci_diss/14 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Neuroscience Institute at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Neuroscience Institute Dissertations by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF VARIATION IN AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR IN THE BLUEBANDED GOBY (LYTHRYPNUS DALLI) by TESSA K. SOLOMON-LANE Under the Direction of Matthew S. Grober, Ph.D. ABSTRACT Social species are faced with the challenge of navigating a lifetime of dynamic social contexts. Social behavior is a critical target for natural selection because expressing behaviors appropriate for a given social context has important fitness consequences. Context-specific behavior is promoted by proximate regulators that are reciprocally influenced by behavioral expression and the social environment, such as hormones and social experience. This dissertation utilizes an integrative approach to investigate the causes and consequences of variation in agonistic behavior in the bluebanded goby (Lythrypnus dalli) across a range of relevant social contexts. This highly social, sex changing fish forms linear hierarchies of a dominant male and multiple subordinate females, and patterns of agonistic interaction are strongly linked to reproduction. Social networks that adhere strictly to the hierarchical social structure, where dominants are aggressive to subordinates but not vice versa, excel reproductively. Interestingly, this behavioral pattern is influenced by fish at all levels of the social hierarchy. Aspects of reproduction, including female reproductive state, also feedback to alter the social network position of specific group members. The steroid hormones cortisol, 11- ketotestosterone, and estradiol can influence, and be influenced by, agonistic behavior and reproductive physiology, and all were implicated for different roles in L. dalli social groups. The “stress” hormone cortisol, for example, fluctuates with female reproductive state and is associated with individual and social network measures in stable social groups. Estradiol, in contrast, is associated almost exclusively with reproductive state and function. In social groups, familiar individuals interact repeatedly, making social experience an important potential mediator of behavior. Early-life experience with social status dictates whether L. dalli juveniles initially sexually differentiate as male or female, as well as the speed of reproductive development. Independent of early-life social status, however, all young adults successfully integrate into novel adult social groups. As an adult, status experience has transient effects on agonistic behavior but not status outcome in a contest, which is influenced by physical condition. Together, these studies provide a comprehensive look at the social, reproductive, and neuroendocrine factors associated with individual variation in agonistic behavior and empirically-based predictions about the fitness consequences. INDEX WORDS: Androgen, Cortisol, Estradiol, Experience, Fitness, Hierarchy, Reproductive success, Sex change, Social network, Social status THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF VARIATION IN AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR IN THE BLUEBANDED GOBY (LYTHRYPNUS DALLI) by TESSA K. SOLOMON-LANE A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the College of Arts and Sciences Georgia State University 2014 Copyright by Tessa Kate Solomon-Lane 2014 THE CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES OF VARIATION IN AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR IN THE BLUEBANDED GOBY (LYTHRYPNUS DALLI) by TESSA K. SOLOMON-LANE Committee Chair: Matthew S. Grober Committee: Charles Derby Walter Wilczynski Larry Young Electronic Version Approved: Office of Graduate Studies College of Arts and Sciences Georgia State University December 2014 iv DEDICATION To my mom, Laura, for her continual support, encouragement, and love of intellectual and scientific banter. To my sister, Maya, for her eternal confidence in me. In memory of my mom, Victoria. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am thankful for the many people who contributed to the success of my graduate career, academically, in research, and beyond. First and foremost, thank you to my adviser, Matthew Grober. He provided me with incredible opportunities to do research in the laboratory and in the field and has helped me grow as a scientist, teacher, mentor, and person. He served as an excellent guide through this process, allowing me to pursue my ideas and helping me understand the outcomes. I treasure the time we have spent immersed in discussions of science, logic, education, animal behavior, semantics, and human nature. I am honored to have been his student and have an immense respect for his passion, honesty, dedication, and perspective. To my dissertation committee, Chuck Derby, Walt Wilczynski, and Larry Young, thank you for your ideas, guidance, and feedback during this process of scientific development. It has been very rewarding working with each of you. I am grateful for having shared my graduate school experience with Devaleena Pradhan, my academic sister and friend. I looked to her achievements to guide my own, and I am thankful for her guidance, encouragement, and hands-on help in research and beyond. I look forward to sharing our future successes. Lock Rogers has been an adviser, a mentor, a co-instructor, and a friend. I greatly value the time we have shared on Catalina Island and am thankful for being welcomed at Agnes Scott. I am especially appreciative of the amazing students he recruited for my field research efforts and for the opportunity to teach with him at Agnes Scott. Thank you to Anne Murphy for being an inspiring professor and for reaching out to me to help organize the Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology meeting. She balances a no nonsense efficiency with dedication, wit, and kindness that I aspire to. I am honored to have had her support at Georgia State. Thank you to iii Laura Carruth and Michael Black for their words of wisdom, enthusiasm, and guidance in pursuing K-12 science education. This research would not have been possible without the many members of the Grober Lab & Co., past and present, at Georgia State and on Catalina Island. Thank you to Devaleena Pradhan, Megan “Silverback” Williams, Alma “Slayer” Thomas, Madie Willis, Eric Schuppe, Polina Shvidkaya, Cierra Lockhart, Alyssa Millikin, Joe Bush, Ali Martinelli, Jason Crutcher, Pierre Naude, Baylye Boxall, Kevin Thonkulpitak, Ravi Batra, and Hannah Shin. Thank you to the faculty, staff, and students of the Georgia State Neuroscience Institute and Biology Department. In particular, Liz Weaver has been instrumental in building a Brains & Behavior community of which I am proud to be a part. She has been an incredible academic and scientific resource, as well as a great friend. Many others have also contributed to my research, training, education, and success: thank you to Rob Clewley, Kyle Frantz, Stephanie Gutzler, Nancy Forger, Don Edwards, Matt Paul, and Mario Gil. Thank you to Rob Poh, Tenia Wright, LaTesha Warren, Tara Alexander, Cheryl-Ann Esmond, Anwar Lopez, Tamara Gross, Fatima Adams, and Emily Hardy. Thank you to everyone at the Wrigley Institute for Environmental Studies on Catalina Island who made this work (and play) possible: Lauren Czarnecki Oudin, Kellie Spafford, Trevor Oudin, Kory Gozjack, Mason Clarke, Gordon Boivin, Josh Rinker, Karen Erickson, Karla Heidelberg, Juan Carlos Aguilar, Josh Jensen, Phil Lopez, Randy Phelps, Mark Van Liew, Gerry Smith, Eric Castillo, and Sean Connor. I am grateful to Georganne and Ken Honeycutt for their financial support and for the community of Honeycutt Fellows that they have formed. It is a group I am proud to be a part of. iv Thank you to all of the graduate students who, from near and far, traveled with me on this journey, especially Elizabeth Jeffress, Jenny Hofmeister, Kate McCann, Tim Balmer, Nicole Victoria, Stephen Estes, Mike Sanderson, and Katy Shepard and Monica Chau, my Brain Awareness co-organizers. Thank you to my friends who helped make my graduate school years memorable and incredibly fun. Special thanks to Hayley McLeod and Emma Atherton-Staples, Kory Gozjack, Bill Kay, Mark Staples, Allen Hoss and Leigh Griffin, Seth Plockelman, Jackie Foote, Rachael Dickey, Casey Benkwitt, Sam Harrington, Tori Evans, and the Cuong Nhu community that welcomed me to Atlanta. Thank you, finally, to my family: Laura Solomon and Maya Solomon-Lane. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................. ii LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................ xii 1 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Behavioral ecology: connections
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