DOCSLIB.ORG

Scarabs and Cylinders with Names

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Scarabs and Cylinders with Names BRITISH SCHOOL OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN EGYPT AND EGYPTIAN RESEARCH ACCOUNT TWENTY-FIRST YEAR, 1915 SCARABS AND CYLINDERS WITH NAMES ILLUSTRATED BY THE EGYPTIAN COLLECTION IN UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, LONDON BY W. M. FLINDERS PETRIE HON. D.C.L., LL.D., L1TT.D.. F.R.S., F.B.A., HON. F.S.A. (SCOT.), A.R.I.B.A. MEMBER OF THE ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY MEMBER OF THE ITALIAN SOCIETY OF ANTHROPOLOGY MEMBER OF THE ROMAN SOCIETY OF ANTHROPOLOGY MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF NORTHERN ANTIQUARIES MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN PIIILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY BDWARDS PROFESSOR OF EGYPTOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON LONDON SCHOOL OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN EGYPT UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, GOWER STREET, W.C. AND CONSTABLE (G CO. LTD., 10 ORANGE STREET, LEICESTER SQUARE AND BERNARD QUARITCH, 11 GRAFTON STREET, NEW BOND STREET '917 PRINTED BY =*=ELL, WATSON AND VINEY, L~., LONDON AND AYLESBURY. BRITISH SCHOOL OF ARCHAEOLOGY IN EGYPT AND EGYPTIAN RESEARCH ACCOUNT GENERAL COMMITTEE (*Bxecutiz~z ibfenibsus) Hon. JOHN ABERCROMBY Prof. PERCYGARDNCR *J. G. MILNE WALTERRALLY Rt. Hon. Sir G. T. GOLDIE KOBERTMOND HENRYBALFOUR Prof. GOWLAND Prof. MONTAGUE Rev. Dr. T. G. BONNEY Mrs. J. R. GREEN WALTERMORRISON Prof. R. C. BOSANQUET Rt. Hon. F.-M. LORDGRENFELL *Miss M. A. MURRAY Rt. Hon. VISCOIJNT BRYCEOF Mrs. F. LL. GRIFFITH Prof. P. E. NEWBERRY DECHMONT Dr. A. C. HADDON His Grace the DUKE OF Dr. R. M. BURROWS Dr. JESSE HAWORTH NORTHUMBERLAND. "Prof. J. B. BURY(Cliairr~~an) Rev. Dr. A. C. HEADLAM F. W. PERCIVAL *SOMERSCLARKE D. G. HOGARTH Dr. PINCHES EowARn CLODD Sir H. H. HOWORTH Dr. G. W. PROTHERO Prof. BOYDDAWKINS Baron A. YON HWGEL Dr. G. REISNER Prof. Sir S. DILL Dr. A. S. HUNT Sir W. RICHMOND *Miss ECKENSTEIN Mrs. C. H. W. JOHNS Prof. F. W. RIDS~~\Y\Y Dr. GREGORYFOSTER Prof. MACALISTER Mrs. STRONG Sir JAMESFRAZER Dr. K. W. MACAN Lady TIRARD "Dr. ALANGARDENER Rev. Prof. MAIIAFFY E. TOWRYWHYTE *Prof. ERNESTGARDNER Sir HENRYMIERS Ho?zorary Treasurer-*H. SEFTON-JONES Horrorary Director-Prof. FLINDERSPETRIE Honorary Secretaries-Mrs. I~ILDAPETRIE and PERCIVALHART Bnltkers-THE ANGLO-EGYPTIANBANK. Though last winter the war hindered the continuance of excavations, it is hoped they will be resumed, so soon as the position is more settled, with assistants who are not required in Government service. Meanwhile the volumes for 1914on Lahun and Harageh are delayed by various causes; and, in lieu of the usual volumes on excavation for 1915, subscribers here receive a work on the scarabs in University College, with over 2,000 illustrations of object. bearing royal and private names. The accounts of the British School are audited by a Chartered Accountant, and published in the Annual Report. Treasurer: H. SEFTON-JONES. ADDRESS THE HON. SECRETARY, BRITISH SCHOOL IN EGYPT, UNIVERSITY COLLEGE, GQWER STREET, LONDON, W.C. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER V SECT. P>\GE THE OLD ICINGDOM, PLS. VIII-XI I. I Scope of the volume . SECT z. Extent of the subject . I 24. The first four dynasties. 25. The vth dynasty . CHAPTER I 26. The vith dynasty . RELIGIOUS ASPECT OF TIIE SCARAB 27. The viith-ixth dynasties . 28. Hardstone scarabs, xth and xith . 3. Veneration for the beetle . 2 . 29. 4. Ideas connected with it. 2 The xith dynasty . 5. The use of the scarab . 2 6. Literary references to it . 3 CHAPTER V1 7. Amulet and seal . 3 THE EARLIEST AGE OF SCARABS CHAPTER I1 30. Little proof of re-issues . 31. Characteristics of periods , THE VARIETIES OF SCARABS 32. The Antec V group . 8. Varieties of treatment . 4 33. The Ka-nefev-zrak group . 9. Five genera copied . 5 34. Fixtures between xtll-vith dynasties . 10. Classification of backs . 5 35. The Unas group . I I. Kange of types . 5 36. The vth-iiird dynasty group . 12. Range of small details . 6 37. Summary . 13. Locality of smooth backs . 6 14. System of using the types . 7 CHAPTER V11 THE MIDDLE ICINGDOM CHAPTER 111 38. Rise of thc xiith dynasty TIIE MAKING OF SCARABS 39. Ke-issue of Senu~ertI1 I . 8 Glazing. 40. I'rivate scarabs, scrolls . S Stones used . 41. Ur res iizuba title . 8 Glass and paste . qz. Maot Rhtru, etc. Cutting soft materials . 43. Notes on peculiar scarabs History of wheel cutting . 44. Private scarabs, borderless History of point graving . 45. Dating of private scarabs 46. The xiiith dynasty . CHAPTER IV 47. The xivth dynasty . THE EARLY CYLINDERS, PLS. I-V11 48. Doubtful names . A corpus provided here . , 10 49. The xvth dynasty, Hyksos Classes of types . a .. , 10 50. The xvith dynasty, FIyksos Primitive concept of writing . 10 51. The xviith dynasty . v CONTENTS CHAPTER VIII I CHAPTER IX THE NEW KINGDOM ETHIOPIANS AND SAITES SECT. SXCT. PAGE 52. The early xviiith dynasty . 63. Early xxvth dynasty . 31 53. Hotshepsut and Tehutmes I11 . 64. Vassal kings 54. Amenhetep I1 and Tehntmes IV . 3' 55. Amenhetep 111 . 65. Later xxvth dynasty . 32 56. The Aten episode. 66. Rise of the Saites . 32 57. Sety I and Ramessu 11. 58. The close of the xixth dynasty . 67. The xxvith dynasty , . 32 59. The xxth dynasty. 68. The Persian age , 33 60. Heart scarabs . 69. Close of the scarab . 33 61. The xxist dynasty . 62. The xxiind dynasty . 70. Greeks and Romans . 33 User-maot-ra kings 71. Late private scarabs and seals . 33 CONTENTSOF PLATES, List of Kings, and Census of Scarabs . SUMMARYof muscums and of dynasties . INDEX TO TEXT. INDEXOF PRIVATE NAMES (lithographed). INDEXOF TITLES (lithographed). I-LVIII. PLATESOF SCARABS, and pages of CATALOGUE. LIX-LXXIII. PLATESOF BACKS OF SCARABS. ERRATA IN PLATES. xix, 4th line: I to be under 1st of Queen Ana. xxxvi, 6th line: Names of the Aten begin at 45. liv, 3rd line: 13 to be I ; I to be 2 ; 2 to be 3, 4; 4 to be 5 ; 5 to be 6. The British School of Archaeology in Egypt has been making a collection for a war fund since 1914. We undertook to raise L1,ooo for the Officers' Families Fund, and achieved this in about a year. We are now collecting entirely for the Scottish Women's Hospitals, to maintain Dr. Elsie Inglis' two Field Hospitals, which are serving the Serbian division of the Russian army in Rumania, and are greatly valued by our allies (Hon. Sec. S. W. H., London Units, Hilda Flinders Petrie). It is hoped that all subscribers will help to make this the special War Work of our organisation. We have no hesitation in continuing to receive usual subscriptions to the School, as such are invested in War Loan, and thus pass into the National Savings for the present. Our students are now all serving their country, but when that sad duty is passed, they will again turn to the School to support their researches. Meanwhile our supporters, by their subscriptions, ensure getting the volumes of this catalogue, which will be continued for the years of the War. The volumes are :- Amulets (previously issued by Constable). Scarabs, for 1915. Tools and Weapons, for 1916. Funeral Statuettes (Shabtis) for 1911. Weights and Measures } Following volumes will be on Ornaments and Toilet Objects ; Stone and Metal Vases; Scarabs with designs and Button Seals ; Prehistoric Egypt; Games and Writing Materials; Glass and Glazes (in colours); Beads (in colours) ; and ten or twelve other subjects. At a time when all our energies are required for our defence, it is needful to state the conditions under which any historical work is produced. At the beginning of the war the writer of this volume offered to resign University position until peace, but was officially instructed to retain it; and the most direct duty of such position is the present catalogue of College collections. His offer also, in two official enquiries, to take the work of other men in public service, has been refused. The printing of this volume has been left to be produced entirely as deferred work, only taken up to level the output of the printers and plate-makers ; thus equalising the conditions of labour, without employing more workers than are otherwise needed. The splendid early volunteering of over 250 men from the firm of printers, shows that they do not hesitate at complying with the national requirements. Great delays in printing have necessarily occurred, and it is doubtful if volumes beyond this, and that on Tools, can be issued till after the war. SYSTEM OF THE CATALOGUE The current description of the plates, and discussion of the materials. The HISTORICAL Index, and general census of scarabs in the principal collections. The TEXT Index. The PRIVATE NAMES Index (lithograph). The TITLES INDEX (lithograph). The CATALOGUE plates and description of all early cylinders accessible, and of all scarabs with names in University College. The TYPES OF BACKS of scarabs. The order of the scarabs under each king is (I) Falcon name; (2) Nebti name ; (3) Hor-nubti name; (4) Throne name with phrases, or with titles, or plain, proceeding from the longest to the simplest ; (5) Personal name in similar order. Other objects with names follow after the scarabs under each person. Private scarabs, etc., are placed as nearly as may be in their historic position. Heart scarabs are all together between the xxth and xxist dynasties. The system of numbering is not continuous throughout, as that does not indicate the period at sight. Each object has the number of the dynasty, the king, and of the object under that king. Thus 18.6.23 is the xviiith dynasty, 6th king cTehutmes III), and his ~3rdscarab. The drawings of scarabs outside of this collection are only inserted to cornplete the series, and are not numbered or catalogued. The colour stated is the original colour wherever any part of it can be found, regardless of the general change in such cases.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Magic in Ancient Egypt *ISBN 0292765592*
    MAGIC IN ANCIENT EGYPT Geraldine Pinch British Museum Press © 1994 Geraldine Pinch Published by British Museum Press A division of British Museum Publications 46 Bloomsbury Street, London WCiB 3QQ British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record of this tide is available from the British Library ISBN O 7141 0979 I Designed by Behram Kapadia Typeset by Create Publishing Services Printed in Great Britain by The Bath Press, Avon COVER Detail of faience plaque showing the protective lion-demon, Bes, c. ist century AD. FRONTISPIECE and BACK COVER One of the giant baboon statues in the area of the ruined temple of Thoth at Hermopolis, I4th century BC. Hermopolis was famous as a centre of magical knowledge. Contents Acknowledgements 7 1 EGYPTIAN MAGIC 9 2 MYTH AND MAGIC 18 3 DEMONS AND SPIRITS 3 3 4 MAGICIANS AND PRIESTS 47 5 WRITTEN MAGIC 61 6 MAGICAL TECHNIQUES 76 7 MAGIC FIGURINES AND STATUES 90 8 AMULETS 104 9 FERTILITY MAGIC 120 10 MEDICINE AND MAGIC 133 11 MAGIC AND THE DEAD 147 12 THE LEGACY OF EGYPTIAN MAGIC 161 Glossary 179 Notes 181 Bibliography 183 Illustration Acknowledgements 18 6 Index 187 Acknowledgements o general book on Egyptian magic can be written without drawing on the specialised knowledge of many scholars, and N most particularly on the work of Professor J. F. Borghouts and his pupils at Leiden. The recent translations of the Graeco-Egyptian magical papyri by a group of scholars including H. D. Betz and J. H. Johnson are essential reading for anyone interested in Egyptian magic. I gratefully acknowledge the inspiration provided by a seminar series on Egyptian magic held at Cambridge University in 1991; especially the contributions of John Baines, Janine Bourriau, Mark Collier and John Ray.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Dynastic Egypt
    EARLY DYNASTIC EGYPT EARLY DYNASTIC EGYPT Toby A.H.Wilkinson London and New York First published 1999 by Routledge 11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005. © 1999 Toby A.H.Wilkinson All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data Wilkinson, Toby A.H. Early Dynastic Egypt/Toby A.H.Wilkinson p. cm. Includes bibliographical references (p.378) and index. 1. Egypt—History—To 332 B.C. I. Title DT85.W49 1999 932′.012–dc21 98–35836 CIP ISBN 0-203-02438-9 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-203-20421-2 (Adobe e-Reader Format) ISBN 0-415-18633-1 (Print Edition) For Benjamin CONTENTS List of plates ix List of figures x Prologue xii Acknowledgements xvii PART I INTRODUCTION 1 Egyptology and the Early Dynastic Period 2 2 Birth of a Nation State 23 3 Historical Outline 50 PART II THE ESTABLISHMENT OF AUTHORITY 4 Administration 92 5 Foreign Relations 127 6 Kingship 155 7 Royal Mortuary Architecture 198 8 Cults and
    [Show full text]
  • Scarabs: Appeals for Protection and Resurrection
    Connections: Communication in Ancient Egypt Scarabs: Appeals for Protection and Resurrection By Dr Nicola J Adderley Scarab Amulets: Petitions for Safety and Preservation Among the diverse repertoire of ancient Egyptian amulets, the most common form is that of the scarab. Amulets of this type first appeared during the Sixth Dynasty and remained in use until the Græco-Roman Period, although amulets in the form of beetles are attested as early as the First Dynasty.1 A wide variety of materials were used in their production, ranging from metal to animal products such as bone and beeswax,2 although various types of stone were the most common. The prominence of the scarab as a form of amulet arose from its association with creation, new life and regeneration, and consequently resurrection and rebirth; these associations developed from the misapprehension that the beetles hatched spontaneously from balls of dung without the need for sexual reproduction. In addition, observation of the beetle assiduously rolling a ball of dung along the ground inspired the belief that the daily journey of the sun-disc across the sky was facilitated by the god Khepri in the form of a giant dung beetle, while the renewal of the sun each morning, after fading and disappearing the evening before, evinced the scarab's capacity for regeneration.3 As the scarab symbolised new life and regeneration, it could serve as an amulet without the need for additional inscription or decoration: the image of the scarab itself was sufficient to magically invoke protection for the bearer, perhaps from the god Khepri or even the sun god Re, of whom Khepri was one manifestation.
    [Show full text]
  • Us Vs. Them: Dualism and the Frontier in History
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 2004 Us vs. them: Dualism and the frontier in history. Jonathan Joseph Wlasiuk The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Wlasiuk, Jonathan Joseph, "Us vs. them: Dualism and the frontier in history." (2004). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5242. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5242 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Maureen and Mike MANSFIELD LIBRARY The University of Montana Permission is granted by the author to reproduce this material in its entirety, provided that this material is used for scholarly purposes and is properly cited in published works and reports. **Please check "Yes” or "No" and provide signature** Yes, I grant permission No, I do not grant permission Author’s Signature: Any copying for commercial purposes or financial gain may be undertaken only with the author’s explicit consent. 8/98 US VS. THEM: DUALISM AND THE FRONTIER IN HISTORY by Jonathan Joseph Wlasiuk B.A. The Ohio State University, 2002 presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts The University of Montana April 2004 Approved by: lairperson Dean, Graduate School Date UMI Number: EP40706 AH rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted.
    [Show full text]
  • Egyptian Tomb
    Egyptian Tomb Select the caption you wish to read from the index below or scroll down to read them all in turn Egyptian Tomb Coffin and cartonnage of Shep en-Mut 1-3 - Fragments of mummy cloth 4 - Canopic jar lid 5 - Mummy board of Au-set-shu-Mut 6 - Eyes of Horus 7-8 - Protective amulets 9 - Heart scarab 10 - Miniature stela 11 - Breastplate from a mummy 12 - Rock cut tomb-chapels 13 - Mummy mask fragment 14 - Coffin mask 15 - Mummy mask 16 - Ichneumon scroll box 17-18 - Mummified falcons 19 - Sarcophagus for an ibis 20 - Coffin fragment 21 - Inside the tomb of Pairy 22-24 - Ptah-Sokar-Osiris 25 - Shabti figures 26 - Shabti box fragment 27 - A seated man 28 - Cat figurine 29 - Figure with a tray of offerings 30 - Osiris 31 - King making an offering 32 - Anubis 33 - Ceremonial axe blade 34 - Wall ornaments 35 - Stele of Amenhotep I 36 - Hieroglyphic text 37 - Tomb relief fragment 38-39 - Funerary cones 40-41 - Inscription from a tomb 42-43 - Wall tiles Coffin and cartonnage of Shep en-Mut About 2,800 years old Probably from Thebes, Egypt The decoration and inscriptions on Shep en-Mut’s coffin and cartonnage reveal she was a married woman. She was the daughter of Nes-Amenempit who was a ‘carrier of the milk-jar’, or a cow-herd. Her body was carefully embalmed and wrapped in linen bandages. A small wax figurine of the god Duamutef was wrapped in the bandages. On the inside of the coffin is a painted image of the goddess Isis with her arms outstretched to encompass the body.
    [Show full text]
  • On-Going Investigations at the Predynastic to Early Dynastic Site of Kafr Hassan Dawood: Copper, Exchange and Tephra
    On-going Investigations at the Predynastic to Early Dynastic site of Kafr Hassan Dawood: Copper, Exchange and Tephra Fekri A. Hassan, Université française d’Égypte, Cairo, Egypt Geoffrey J. Tassie, TOPOI Excellence Cluster, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany Thilo Rehren, UCL Qatar, Qatar Joris van Wetering, United Kingdom1 Continued analysis of material – primarily for certain graves dug into this layer in the ceramic – excavated during the 1990s at the south of the site that did not have any grave Predynastic to Early Dynastic cemetery site goods and has also given a terminus ante quem of Kafr Hassan Dawood (KHD) in the Wadi for all the graves below this layer. Archaeomet- Tumilat has allowed seven phases of use to be allurgical analysis of a copper bowl from grave identifi ed. Th is process has been greatly helped 913 has shown that it was made of arsenical by the acquisition of further archival material copper, which probably came from the Sinai. of the 1989 to 1995 excavations. Th e assigning Th e large amount of copper artefacts found at of these phases was also aided by the dating KHD may indicate its function as a node on of tephra from a layer covering First Dynasty the interregional exchange network between graves; it has provided a terminus post quem the Sinai and the Memphite region. 1. Thanks to Dr Victoria Smith (University of Oxford, Research Laboratory for Archaeology and the History of Art) for her analysis of the tephra and Prof. Arlene Rosen (Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin) for her analysis of the phytoliths.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion Teachers Pack 2011
    Y Ganolfan Eifftaidd The Egypt Centre Amgueddfa henebau’r Aifft Museum of Egyptian Antiquities Prifysgol Abertawe Parc Singleton Swansea University, Singleton Park, Abertawe, SA2 8PP Swansea, SA2 8PP 01792 295960 Dear Thank you for booking your Religion session for schools at the Egypt Centre. Please find enclosed the Teachers Activity pack for religion. Packs will be ready on clipboards with pencils for your group. The students will not be expected to work unaided but take part in the activities with the Centre's trained assistants. Teachers and children may bring cameras but we do not allow flash photography in the museum galleries, due to conservation issues regarding safe light levels. The activity leaders are mainly unpaid volunteers and although all activities are museum led we do ask that you ensure the children are supervised at all times. A £2 a head charge is made for the children who attend the activity day at the museum to cover costs. We also have a shop selling 'Egyptian' merchandise starting from 20p. Please could you make cheques payable to Swansea University. We look forward to seeing you and hope you enjoy your visit to the Egypt Centre. Any comments on how we can improve our service to you will be gratefully received. Yours sincerely Wendy Goodridge Assistant curator The Egypt Centre Hierogift Shop ‘GOODIE’ BAGS FACILITY The museum shop is available to use for all visiting parties during their time at the centre. There are many items geared towards school children, and at a very affordable price. Items start from 20p. There should be (time permitting) chance for your group to visit the shop at some time during the day.
    [Show full text]
  • Ä G Y P T I S C H E
    Ä g y p t i s c h e Geschichte Ä g y p t e n Ägyptische Genealogie und Geschichte nach Erkenntnis von Gotthard Matysik Pharao Tutanchamun Pharaonen-Thron Nofretete Ägyptologen: Champollion Jean Francois (Franzose), entzifferte 1822 die ägyptischen Hieroglyphen Belzoni (Italiener), der Sammler Lepsius (Deutscher), der Ordner Mariette (Franzose), der Bewahrer Petrie (Engländer), der Messende u. Deuter Schlögl (Schweiz) Historiker der Geschichte Ägyptens: Manetho, ägyptischer Hohepriester in Heliopolis, * in Sebennytos im 3. Jahrhundert v. Chr., Verfasser einer nicht original überlieferten Pharaonengeschichte mit ihrer Einteilung in 30 Dynastien. Diodorus Sicullus, aus Sizilien, griechischer Historiker, 1. Jahrhundert v. Chr., Verfasser einer ägyptischen Geschichte Prf. Kenneth Kitchen (Ägyptologe). Verfasser des „The Third Intermediate Period in Egypt“ von 1973 Dr. David Rohl, Verfasser von „Pharaonen u. Propheten“ u. „Das Alte Testament auf dem Prüfstand“ von 1996 Herrscher in ä g y p t e n Stufenmastaba von König Djoser Felsentempel von Abu Simbel Das Schwarze Land (ägyptisch: Kemet) war der Wohnsitz des Horus, eines lebenden Königs u. seiner göttlichen Mutter Isis. Das Rote Land (ägyptisch: Deschret), die riesige Wüste, das Reich der Gefahr u. des Unheils, regiert von Seth (ägyptisch: Set Sutech), dem Gott des Chaos. Pharao (Titel) = par-o = großes Tor (ähnlich der „hohen Pforte) Vordynastische Periode vor 3200 bis 3150 vor Chr. um 3400 v. Chr. Onyxkopfstandarte Fingerschnecke Fisch Pen-abu um 3300 Elefant Funde könnten seinen Namen tragen, Lesung unsicher. Stier um 3250 Rinderkopfstandarte, vermutl. Kleinkönig von Skorpion I. besiegt. Skorpion I. um 3250 v. Chr. Skorpion I. in Oberägypten. Schrift und Bewässerungsanlagen wurden eingeführt. Grab in Abydos 1988 entdeckt.
    [Show full text]
  • The Symbolism and Significance of the Butterfly in Ancient Egypt
    THE SYMBOLISM AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THE BUTTERFLY IN ANCIENT EGYPT by Dawn Haynes Thesis presented for the degree of Master of Philosophy in the Faculty of Arts & Social Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Prof I. Cornelius March 2013 1 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION By submitting this thesis electronically I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: March 2013 Dawn Haynes 2 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za ABSTRACT Ancient Egyptian art and artefacts reveal a great deal about the culture and beliefs of this civilization. It was a civilization steeped in myth, symbolism and imagery. Tomb art has been extensively analysed and studied in an effort to reveal the essential way of life of the Ancient Egyptians, their religious beliefs and their philosophy of life. It is agreed that symbolism was an inherent part of their lives and beliefs. They looked to nature and observed the behaviour of animals, plants, the environment and also the weather to attempt to rationalize the world they lived in. Their close observation of behaviour patterns in nature resulted in a complex hierarchy of gods and goddesses who were accountable for successful living. Among the animal kingdom, certain animals gained such distinction that they were linked to certain deities.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecclesiastes (1987)
    ISBN 0-664-22803-8 ,!7IA6G4-cciadd!:t;K;k;K;k 6.00 x 9.00 6.00 x 9.00 .441 ,!7IA6G4-cciadd! BH JAMES L. CRENSHAW ECCLESIASTES THE OLD TESTAMENT LIBRARY General Editors PETER ACKROYD, University of London JAMES BARR, Oxford University BERNHARD W. ANDERSON, Princeton Theological Seminary JAMES L. MAYS, Union Theological Seminary, Richmond, Virginia Advisory Editor JOHN BRIGHT, Union Theological Seminary, Richmond, Virginia JAMES L. CRENSHAW A Commentary THE WESTMINSTER PRESS PHILADELPHIA © 1987 James L. Crenshaw All rights reserved-no part of this book may be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher, except by a reviewer who wishes to quote brief passages in connection with a review in magazine or newspaper. Scripture quotations from the Revised Standard Version of the Bible are copy­ righted 1946, 1952, © 1971, 1973 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. and are used by permis­ sion. Excerpts from James B. Pritchard, ed., The Ancient Near East: An Anthology of Texts and Pictures, copyright© 1958 by Princeton University Press, are reprinted by permission of the publishers. Book design by Gene Harris First edition Published by The Westminster Press® Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 98765432 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Crenshaw, James L. Ecclesiastes : a commentary. (The Old Testament library) Bibliography: p. 1. Bible. O.T. Ecclesiastes-Commentaries. I. Title. II. Series. BS1475.3.C74 1987
    [Show full text]
  • Thinking About Archeoastronomy
    Thinking about Archeoastronomy Noah Brosch The Wise Observatory and the Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69972, Israel Abstract I discuss various aspects of archeoastronomy concentrating on physical artifacts (i.e., not including ethno-archeoastronomy) focusing on the period that ended about 2000 years ago. I present examples of artifacts interpreted as showing the interest of humankind in understanding celestial phenomena and using these to synchronize calendars and predict future celestial and terrestrial events. I stress the difficulty of identifying with a high degree of confidence that these artifacts do indeed pertain to astronomy and caution against the over-interpretation of the finds as definite evidence. With these in mind, I point to artifacts that seem to indicate a human fascination with megalithic stone circles and megalithic alignments starting from at least 11000 BCE, and to other items presented as evidence for Neolithic astronomical interests dating to even 20000 BCE or even before. I discuss the geographical and temporal spread of megalithic sites associated with astronomical interpretations searching for synchronicity or for a possible single point of origin. A survey of a variety of artifacts indicates that the astronomical development in antiquity did not happen simultaneously at different locations, but may be traced to megalithic stone circles and other megalithic structures with possible astronomical connections originating in the Middle East, specifically in the Fertile Crescent area. The effort of ancient societies to erect these astronomical megalithic sites and to maintain a corpus of astronomy experts does not appear excessive. Key words: archeoastronomy, megaliths, stone circles, alignments Introduction This paper deals with “archeoastronomy” in a restricted sense.
    [Show full text]
  • Ancient Egyptian Seals and Scarabs
    Ancient Egyptian Seals and Scarabs Amelia Carolina Sparavigna 2009, Torino, Italy 1 Amelia Carolina Sparavigna is assistant professor from 1993 at the Polytechnic of Torino, Italy. She gained her Bachelor Degree in Physics from the University of Torino in 1982, and the Doctoral Degree in 1990. She is co-author of more than 80 publications on international journals. Her research activity is on subjects of the condensed matter physics, in particular the thermal and charge transport in solids and in polymeric networks. She has a passion for archaeology. Editore: Lulu.com Copyright: © 2009 A.C.Sparavigna, Standard Copyright License Lingua: English Paese: Italia 2 3 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION THE ANCIENT SEALS THE SHAPES OF EGYPTIAN SEALS TYPES OF SCARABS MATERIALS FOR SEALS THE DEVELOPMENT OF SEALS RELIGIOUS BACKGROUND HISTORICAL IMPORTANCE OF SCARABS ARTS IN SCARABS ICONS ON SEALS THE "DJED" THE URAEUS AND THE EYE OF HORUS SPHINXES AND FANTASTIC ANIMALS SCARABS OF THE MIDDLE BRONZE AGE (HYKSOS SCARABS) SYMMETRIES ON SEALS ROTATIONAL SYMMETRY SCARABS AND SYMMETRIES References Conventional Egyptian Chronology 4 5 INTRODUCTION "... Queen Tera had power to compel the Gods. This, by the way, was not an isolated belief in Egyptian history; but was different in its cause. She had engraved on a ruby, carved like a scarab, and having seven stars of seven points, Master Words to compel all the Gods, both of the Upper and the Under Worlds." This is the description of "The Jewel of the Seven Star", the Scarab seal which appears in the homonymous novel, by Bram Stoker, 1903. The story is about an archaeologist's plot to revive Queen Tera, an ancient Egyptian mummy.
    [Show full text]