Comparison and Analysis of Codes for Remodulation WDM-PON with Adaptive Code Selection
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Shahabi-Adib-Masc-ECE-August
A New Line Code for a Digital Communication System by Adib Shahabi Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Applied Science at Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia August 2019 © Copyright by Adib Shahabi, 2019 To my wife Shahideh ii TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ v LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vi ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS USED ............................................................................... ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................................... x CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.1 BACKGROUND ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 THESIS SYNOPSIS ...................................................................................... 4 1.3 ORGANIZATION OF THE THESIS ............................................................ 5 CHAPTER 2 MODELLING THE LINE CHANNEL ....................................................... 7 2.1 CABLE MODELLING .................................................................................. 7 2.2 TRANSFORMER COUPLING .................................................................. -
Criteria for Choosing Line Codes in Data Communication
ISTANBUL UNIVERSITY – YEAR : 2003 (843-857) JOURNAL OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING VOLUME : 3 NUMBER : 2 CRITERIA FOR CHOOSING LINE CODES IN DATA COMMUNICATION Demir Öner Istanbul University, Engineering Faculty, Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department Avcılar, 34850, İstanbul, Turkey E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT In this paper, line codes used in data communication are investigated. The need for the line codes is emphasized, classification of line codes is presented, coding techniques of widely used line codes are explained with their advantages and disadvantages and criteria for chosing a line code are given. Keywords: Line codes, correlative coding, criteria for chosing line codes.. coding is either performed just before the 1. INTRODUCTION modulation or it is combined with the modulation process. The place of line coding in High-voltage-high-power pulse current The transmission systems is shown in Figure 1. purpose of applying line coding to digital signals before transmission is to reduce the undesirable The line coder at the transmitter and the effects of transmission medium such as noise, corresponding decoder at the receiver must attenuation, distortion and interference and to operate at the transmitted symbol rate. For this ensure reliable transmission by putting the signal reason, epecially for high-speed systems, a into a form that is suitable for the properties of reasonably simple design is usually essential. the transmission medium. For example, a sampled and quantized signal is not in a suitable form for transmission. Such a signal can be put 2. ISSUES TO BE CONSIDERED IN into a more suitable form by coding the LINE CODING quantized samples. -
Telematics Chapter 3: Physical Layer
Telematics User Server watching with video Chapter 3: Physical Layer video clip clips Application Layer Application Layer Presentation Layer Presentation Layer Session Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Data Link Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer Physical Layer Physical Layer Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller Computer Systems and Telematics (CST) Institute of Computer Science Freie Universität Berlin http://cst.mi.fu-berlin.de Contents ● Design Issues ● Theoretical Basis for Data Communication ● Analog Data and Digital Signals ● Data Encoding ● Transmission Media ● Guided Transmission Media ● Wireless Transmission (see Mobile Communications) ● The Last Mile Problem ● Multiplexing ● Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) ● Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) ● Mobile Telephone System Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 3: Physical Layer 3.2 Design Issues Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 3: Physical Layer 3.3 Design Issues ● Connection parameters ● mechanical OSI Reference Model ● electric and electronic Application Layer ● functional and procedural Presentation Layer ● More detailed ● Physical transmission medium (copper cable, Session Layer optical fiber, radio, ...) ● Pin usage in network connectors Transport Layer ● Representation of raw bits (code, voltage,…) Network Layer ● Data rate ● Control of bit flow: Data Link Layer ● serial or parallel transmission of bits Physical Layer ● synchronous or asynchronous transmission ● simplex, half-duplex, or full-duplex transmission mode Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jochen H. Schiller ▪ cst.mi.fu-berlin.de ▪ Telematics ▪ Chapter 3: Physical Layer 3.4 Design Issues Transmitter Receiver Source Transmission System Destination NIC NIC Input Abcdef djasdja dak jd ashda kshd akjsd asdkjhasjd as kdjh askjda Univ.-Prof. -
CODING for Transmission
CODING for Transmission Professor Izzat Darwazeh Head of Communicaons and Informaon System Group University College London [email protected] Acknowledgement: Dr A. Chorti, Princeton University for slides on FEC coding Dr P.Moreira, CERN, for slides on the CERN Gigabit Transmitter (GBT) Dr J. Mitchell, UCL, for the sampled music and voice. June 2011 Coding • Defini7ons and basic concepts • Source coding • Line coding • Error control coding Digital Line System Message Message source Distortion, sink interference Input Output signal and noise signal Encoder- Demodulator modulator -decoder Communication Transmitted channel Received signal signal Claude Shannon • Shannon’s Theorem predicts reliable communicaon in the presence of noise “Given a discrete, memoryless channel with capacity C, and a source with a posi8ve rate R (R<C), there exist a code such that the output of the source can be transmi@ed over the channel with an arbitrarily small probability of error.” • B is the channel bandwidth in Hz and S/N is the signal power to noise power rao ⎛⎞S CBc =+log2 ⎜⎟ 1 ⎝⎠N Types of Coding • Source Coding – Encoding the raw data • Line (or channel) Coding – Formang of the data stream to benefit transmission • Error Detec7on Coding – Detec7on of errors in the data seQuence • Error Correcon Coding – Detec7on and Correc7on of Errors • Spread Spectrum Coding – Used for wireless communicaons Signals and sources: Discrete - Con8nuous m(t) n Continuous Time and Amplitude n Discrete Time, continuous Amplitude – PAM signal n Discrete Time, and Amplitude -
ETRI PHY Proposal on VLC Line Code for Illumination
September 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0675-00-0007 Project: IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Submission Title: [ETRI PHY Proposal on VLC Line Code for Illumination] Date Submitted: [23 September, 2009] Source: [Dae Ho Kim, Tae-Gyu Kang, Sang-Kyu Lim, Ill Soon Jang, Dong Won Han] Company [ETRI] Address [138 Gajeongno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 305-700] Voice:[+82-42-860-5648], FAX: [+82-42-860-5218], E-Mail:[[email protected]] Re: [Response to call for proposals] Abstract: [This document describes a proposal of PHY line code for LED illumination ] Purpose: [Proposal to IEEE 802.15.7 VLC TG]] Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P802.15. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P802.15. TG VLC Submission Slide 1 Dae-Ho Kim, ETRI September 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0675-00-0007 ETRI PHY Proposal on VLC Line code for Illumination Dae Ho Kim [email protected] ETRI TG VLC Submission Slide 2 Dae-Ho Kim, ETRI September 2009 doc.: IEEE 802.15-09-0675-00-0007 Contents • ETRI PHY Considerations and Scope • Summary of ETRI PHY Proposal • Flickering issue at LED illumination • Proposed Line Code – Modified-4B5B -
Episode 3.11 – Polar and Bipolar Line Coding
Episode 3.11 – Polar and Bipolar Line Coding Welcome to the Geek Author series on Computer Organization and Design Fundamentals. I’m David Tarnoff, and in this series we are working our way through the topics of Computer Organization, Computer Architecture, Digital Design, and Embedded System Design. If you’re interested in the inner workings of a computer, then you’re in the right place. The only background you’ll need for this series is an understanding of integer math, and if possible, a little experience with a programming language such as Java. And one more thing. Our topics involve a bit of figuring, so it might help to keep a pencil and paper handy. In Episode 3.10, we looked at the electrical connection between two digital devices and saw two ways we could use a positive voltage and a zero voltage level to code the logic zeros and logic ones of our data. This unipolar scheme had a disadvantage. The capacitance of a conductor could cause the signal voltage levels to drift toward the positive voltage making it difficult to identify when the transmitted signal was supposed to be zero volts. To solve the drift problem, some physical lines use polar signaling. In this case, the zero volt level is replaced with a voltage that is equal in magnitude and opposite in polarity to the positive voltage. Bipolar signaling is a further extension of polar signaling. Bipolar brings back the zero volt level along with the positive or high level and the negative or low level so that there are three electrical levels. -
Modulation Copper Access Technologies Wireless Subscriber Line Cable Television
Dr. Beinschróth József Telecommunication informatics I. Part 2 ÓE-KVK Budapest, 2019. Dr. Beinschróth József: : Telecommunication informatics I. Content Network architectures: collection of recommendations The Physical Layer: transporting bits The Data Link Layer: Logical Link Control and Media Access Control Examles for technologies based on the Data Link Layer The Network Layer 1: functions and protocols The Network Layer 2: routing Examle for technology based on the Network Layer The Transport Layer The Application Layer Criptography IPSec, VPN and border protection QoS and multimedia Additional chapters Dr. Beinschróth József: : Telecommunication informatics I. 2 Content of this chapter (1) Network models Theory Media for Data Transmission Twisted Pair Coaxial cable and optical fiber Wireless Data transmission Network topology PSTN Data Transmission Main Parameters of the Physical Layer Mechanical and electrical parameters Functional parameters Approaching from the physical layer Baseband transmission Bitflow (stream) transmission with modulation Copper access technologies Wireless subscriber line Cable Television Dr. Beinschróth József: : Telecommunication informatics I. 3 The physical layer: The lowest layer of the OSI model OSI TCP/IP Hybrid Application Layer Presentation Layer Application Layer Application Layer Session Layer Transport Layer Transport Layer Transport Layer Network Layer Network Layer Network Layer Data Link Layer Data Link Layer Physical Layer Physical Layer Physical Layer Network -
IEEE802.3Z Gigabit Ethernet UTP5 Proposal V2.0 November, 1996
IEEE802.3z Gigabit Ethernet UTP5 Proposal V2.0 Project: IEEE 802.3z Gigabit Ethernet Task Force Source: Steve Dabecki ([email protected]) Barry Hagglund ([email protected]) Richard Cam ([email protected]) Vern Little ([email protected]) Iain Verigin ([email protected]) PMC-Sierra Inc 105-8555 Baxter Place Burnaby BC Canada V5A 4V7 Tel: 604.415.6000 Web: http://www.pmc-sierra.com Title: Physical Layer Proposal for 1 Gbit/s Full / Half Duplex Ethernet Transmission over Single (4-pair) or Dual (8-pair) UTP-5 Cable. Issue: 2.0 Date: November 11-14, 1996 Abstract The extension of the current IEEE802.3 specifications to support a bit rate of 1Gbps is currently under investigation by the HSSG. These bit rates are regarded to be essential to support the high bandwidth requirements of mixed 10BASE and 100BASE networks, and many applications requiring a dedicated high speed link to a server. The HSSG has already made excellent progress in the way of defining 1000BASE for fibre. This contribution outlines an approach for supporting 1Gbps, either half or full- duplex, over single (4-pair) or dual (8-pair) unshielded twisted pair category 5 (UTP-5) cable. Notice This contribution has been prepared to assist the IEEE802.3z HSSG. This document is offered to the IEEE802.3z HSSG as a basis for discussion and is not a binding proposal on PMC-Sierra, Inc. or any other company. The statements are subject to change in form and/or content after further study. Specifically, PMC-Sierra, Inc. -
Analog Signal Is Unknown in Advance the Form Is Known in Advance Each Relay Amplifies Both the Signal and the Noise
Signal Transmission Fundamentals Advanced Computing and Networking Introduction Joint master program Skoltech and CMC MSU Prof. R. Smelyanskiy Signals, Data, Transmission • Data - a description of facts, phenomena • Signals - presentation of data during transmission • Transmission is the process of interaction between a transmitter and a receiver in order to transmit a signal. Data Signals • Origin data can take many forms • Signals - analog vs digital - analog vs digital • Analog data: voice video • Discrete data (digital) - text: letter, symbol - picture: pixel AC&N Prof. R. Smelyanskiy 14-Sep-20 2 The mathematical representation of the signal AC&N Prof. R. Smelyanskiy 14-Sep-20 3 Signal spectrum AC&N Prof. R. Smelyanskiy 14-Sep-20 4 Fourier transformation Euler's formula Euler's formula AC&N Prof. R. Smelyanskiy 14-Sep-20 5 Discrete Fourier Transformation Direct Fourier Transformation: N is the number of signal values measured over a period, as well as the number of decomposition components; xn, n = 0, ..., N - 1, are the measured signal values (in discrete time N - 1), which are input data for direct transformation and output for the inverse one; Xk, (k = 0, ..., N – 1 are the indexes of the amplitudes in a complex form of the sinusoidal signals composing the original Invers Fourier Transformation : one) are output for direct conversion and input for inverse; since the amplitudes are complex, then they can be used to calculate both the amplitude and phase; k is the frequency index. The frequency of the k-th signal is k / T, where T is the period of time during which the input data was taken. -
Performance Evaluation of Power Spectral Density of Different Line Coding Technique
National Conference on Recent Trends in Engineering & Technology Performance evaluation of Power Spectral Density of different line coding technique Darshankumar C. Dalwadi1, Bhargav C. Goradiya2, Milendrakumar M. Solanki3, Mehfuza S.Holia4 1Asst. Prof., Electronics & Telecommunication dept., B.V.M. Engineering college, V.V.Nagar, 2Asso. Prof. & Head, Electronics & Telecommunication dept., B.V.M. Engineering College, V.V.Nagar, 3Asst. Prof., Electronics dept., B.V.M. Engineering College, V.V.Nagar, 4Asst. Prof., Electronics dept., B.V.M. Engineering College, V.V.Nagar Abstract—In this paper we have presented an effect of different the actual or implied integral clock cycle. The real question is line coding technique. We have plot power spectral density of that of sampling--the high or low state will be received different line coding technique like non return to zero, return to correctly provided the transmission line has stabilized for that zero and Manchester coding with respect to the different bit when the physical line level is sampled at the receiving frequencies. We have also shown the which line coding technique end. is best compare to all of them. We used the MATLAB in our simulation work. However, it is helpful to see NRZ transitions as happening on the trailing (falling) clock edge in order to compare NRZ- Level to other encoding methods, such as the mentioned I. INTRODUCTION Manchester code, which requires clock edge information (is The basic block diagram of digital communication system the XOR of the clock and NRZ, actually) and to see the involves sampler, quantizer and line coder. The sampler difference between NRZ-Mark and NRZ-Inverted. -
P802.3Ah Draft 2.0 Comments
P802.3ah Draft 2.0 Comments Cl 00 SC P L # 952 Cl 00 SC P L # 1248 Thompson, Geoff Nortel Lee Sendelbach IBM Comment Type TR Comment Status R Comment Type E Comment Status A What is being proposed in many places throughout this draft is not a peer network. To Fix all the references with *ref*. Like 60.9.4, 60.8.13.2.1, 60.8.13.1 60.8.11 60.1 I don't introduce such a foreign concept into a document where the implicit and explicit notion of understand what is going on with the *refs. Also fix #CrossRef# in 64.1 peer relationships is so thoroughly infused throughout the existing document is likely to SuggestedRemedy cause (a) significant confusion and (b) significant errors. Fix it. SuggestedRemedy Move non-peer proposals to a new and separate document that can thoroughly, explicitly Proposed Response Response Status C and unambigiously embrace the concept of Ethernet Services over asymetrical ACCEPT IN PRINCIPLE. infrastructure. These references are intended for the use of the editors to search for cross references. All Proposed Response Response Status U these will be romeved at time of publication as indicated in the editor's note boxes REJECT. Cl 00 SC P L # 951 The suggested remedy is ambiguous. What are "the non-peer proposals"? What is the Thompson, Geoff Nortel "new and separate document"? Comment Type TR Comment Status A reassigned The draft in its current form satisfies the PAR and 5 Criteria for the project, which call for an I have a problem with the use of the term "loopback" for the diagnostic return path being amendment to IEEE Std 802.3, formatted as a set of clauses. -
Fully Reused VLSI Architecture of Differential Manchester Encoding Using SOLS Technique for DSRC Application B
ISSN 2319-8885 Vol.06,Issue.24 July-2017, Pages:4770-4773 www.ijsetr.com Fully Reused VLSI Architecture of Differential Manchester Encoding Using SOLS Technique for DSRC Application B. TEJASWINI1, B. VAMSI KRISHNA2 1PG Scholar, Dept of ECE, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, AP, India, Email: [email protected]. 2Assistant Professor, Dept of ECE, 2Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, AP, India, Email: [email protected]. Abstract: The Encoding techniques has received great attention in last few years due to their ability to reduce the power dissipation which is the main requirement in low power VLSI design. The dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) is an emerging technique to push the intelligent transportation system into our daily life. This paper proposes a Differential Manchester encoding using Similarity Oriented logic Simplification(SOLS) technique. This SOLS technique is based on two core methods 1)Area compact retiming 2)Balance logic operation sharing .The designed encoding technique has high hardware utilization rate. In addition to that the designed technique is better than the existing counterparts in terms of power consumption, delay. The designed technique is modeled using Verilog HDL and functionality is verified with Xilinx ISE 13.1. Keywords: DSRC, SOLS, VLSI, Manchester, Encoding. I. INTRODUCTION II. FM0 AND DIFFERENTIAL MANCHESTER Differential Manchester encoding is a line code in CODING PRINCIPLES which data and clock signals are combined to form a self A. FM0 Encoding synchronizing data stream. In various specific applications, The coding principle of FM0 is listed as the following this line code is also called by various other names, three rules. including BiphaseMark Code(BMC), Frequency Modulation If X is the logic-0, the FM0 code must exhibit a (FM).This SOLS consists of two core methods, area compact transition between A and B.