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PDF Hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/168620 Please be advised that this information was generated on 2021-10-02 and may be subject to change. Regional variation in the realization of intonation contours in the Netherlands Published by LOT phone: +31 30 253 6111 Trans 10 3512 JK Utrecht e-mail: [email protected] The Netherlands http://www.lotschool.nl Cover illustration: Judith Hanssen, Imprints of the waves on a Zeelandic beach. ISBN: 978-94-6093-229-8 NUR 616 Copyright © 2017: Judith Hanssen. All rights reserved. Regional variation in the realization of intonation contours in the Netherlands Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen op gezag van de rector magnificus prof. dr. J.H.J.M. van Krieken, volgens besluit van het college van decanen in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 10 maart 2017 om 14:30 uur precies door Judith Elisabeth Gerarda Hanssen geboren op 17 december 1979 te Born Promotoren: Prof. dr. C.H.M. Gussenhoven Prof. dr. J. Peters (Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg, Duitsland) Manuscriptcommissie: Prof. dr. R.W.N.M. van Hout (voorzitter) Prof. dr. M. Grice (Universität zu Köln, Duitsland) Prof. dr. M. van Oostendorp (Universiteit Leiden) The research reported in this dissertation was supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO), Grant No. 360-7-180 awarded to Prof. dr. C.H.M. Gussenhoven. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS These words of gratitude are the last ones to be written and yet they appear on one of the first pages. Of course that is because without the help of everyone mentioned here, all the other pages would never have existed. Let me start by expressing my sincere gratitude to my supervisors Carlos Gussenhoven and Jörg Peters for their most valuable advice and for their elaborate comments on drafts and papers. Carlos, this has been a rocky road to say the least. I kept taking unnecessary by-paths, sometimes getting almost out of sight. Nevertheless, you’ve managed to guide me towards the main road more than once and eventually to the finish line. I greatly appreciate your ongoing support and your incredibly quick responses to my questions no matter the time of day (or night). Jörg, you were my daily supervisor at the initial stages of the project and taught me about statistics and the phonetics of intonation. I enjoyed creating and piloting the experimental materials together, and traveling to various places for the first set of recordings. My work has benefited from your eye for detail time and again. Thank you for staying involved. At various stages during the project, I have benefited from interesting discussions with, and advice from, various people. Anneke Neijt, Bettina Braun, Frank Kügler, Toni Rietveld and Vincent van Heuven, thank you for sharing your knowledge. Thank you also to the members of the manuscript committee, Roeland van Hout, Martine Grice and Marc van Oostendorp, for taking the time to read my manuscript, and for their helpful comments. Joop Kerkhoff has provided technical support from the start. Frank van den Beuken, Lian van Hoof, Jan Michalsky, Juul Thijssen and Renske Teeuw have assisted in recording, processing or annotating the speech materials. Thank you all for your contribution to the project. Very special thanks to Rachel Fournier for technical and practical help, but even more so for valuable personal support which has often boosted my confidence. Many people have contributed to the data collection in Goes, Rotterdam, Amsterdam, Grou and Winschoten, either by offering advice, by translating the materials, by recruiting participants or by providing time and space for the recordings. I would like to thank Pieter Duijff and Wytske Rypma (Fryske Akademy), everyone at Bureau Hooghiemster, Omroep Friesland, Kor Hylkema (De Grouster), Dr. Marron Fort, Hennie Lemein, Marjo van Koppen, Tom Geenen (Scouting Maasgroep 18), Piet Karman, Jan Karman, Marcel van den Borgt (Ostrea Lyceum), and Ingrid and Iwan van Klingeren (Scouting Phoenix). Of course I am also indebted to all the speakers, for their time and willingness to participate. Over the years, I have had the pleasure to work with and meet many people. In particular, I want to mention Marjel van Dijk, Lotte Hogeweg, Xuliang He, Yiya Chen, Maike Prehn, Marco van de Ven and Monique Lamers. Thank you for many enjoyable conversations, (career) advice, and your general interest. I am grateful to my colleagues at Avans. I feel lucky to be part of such a pleasant, inspiring and supportive team. Particularly, I wish to acknowledge Natasja Nova and Ron Tenge, who have facilitated writing this thesis by providing time and understanding. A special word of thanks to my parents Truus and Theo, my ‘other’ parents Anny and Jan, my sisters Lilian and Inge, and my brothers and sister in-law for expressing their belief in me, for never ceasing to support me in so many ways, as well as for many hours of babysitting. Thanks also to Annelies, Claudine, Dieuwertje, Eveline, Joanne, Lotte, Marina, Marloes and Renske for knowing when (not) to ask about progress, and for essential moments of fun during camping trips, coffee breaks and diners. Thanks to Joep and Maarten for agreeing to be my paranymphs on top of that. A big thanks to my children Felix, Oskar and Tygo for being patient when I had to work on ‘the book’, and for bringing so much laughter into our home. Finally, I am incredibly grateful to Bas. Thank you for putting up with my nocturnal writing habits for so many years, thank you for your unlimited patience, care (and soup). Without it, and without you, I would not have been able to complete this thesis. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 1 1.1 Intonation in Dutch dialectal research ................................................... 1 1.2 International studies on dialect intonation ............................................ 4 1.3 Outline and scope of the thesis ............................................................... 6 References ................................................................................................................ 10 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ..................................................................... 13 2.1 The structure of intonation .................................................................... 13 2.2 The realization of phonological structures .......................................... 17 2.2.1 Tonal context............................................................................................ 19 2.2.2 Segmental effects on timing ................................................................... 21 2.2.3 Prosodic context ...................................................................................... 22 2.2.4 Pitch variation for paralinguistic purposes .......................................... 24 2.3 Cross-linguistic variation in intonation ................................................ 25 2.4 Variation: phonology or phonetics? ...................................................... 27 References ................................................................................................................ 28 REGIONAL VARIATION IN PHONETIC RESPONSES TO TIME PRESSURE IN DUTCH IP-FINAL NUCLEAR CONTOURS .................................................. 31 Abstract .................................................................................................................... 31 3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 31 3.1.1 Measuring alignment ............................................................................... 37 3.1.2 Phonetics or phonology? ........................................................................ 38 3.2 Materials and method .............................................................................. 39 3.2.1 Varieties and subjects .............................................................................. 39 3.2.2 Materials .................................................................................................... 41 3.2.3 Procedure .................................................................................................. 42 3.2.4 Data selection and analysis ..................................................................... 43 3.2.5 Statistical and visual analysis .................................................................. 47 3.3 Results ........................................................................................................ 47 3.3.1 Sonorant rime duration ........................................................................... 47 3.3.2 Avoidance of complex contours ........................................................... 49 3.3.3 Durational differences between complex vs simple contours .......... 50 3.3.4 Timing adjustments under time pressure ............................................. 50 3.3.4.1 Simple vs complex contours ............................................................... 51 3.3.4.2 Falls ......................................................................................................... 51 3.3.4.3 Fall-rises .................................................................................................. 53 3.3.4.4 Rises .......................................................................................................
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