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The Lowdown on Roasting Coffee

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The Lowdown on Roasting Coffee Coffee by Major Cohen Coffee For Dummies® Published by: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774, www.wiley.com Copyright © 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey Published simultaneously in Canada No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, (201) 748-6011, fax (201) 748-6008, or online at http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. Trademarks: Wiley, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, Dummies.com, Making Everything Easier, and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc., and may not be used without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ. For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U.S. at 877-762-2974, outside the U.S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. For technical support, please visit https://hub.wiley.com/community/support/dummies. Wiley publishes in a variety of print and electronic formats and by print-on-demand. Some material included with standard print versions of this book may not be included in e-books or in print-on-demand. If this book refers to media such as a CD or DVD that is not included in the version you purchased, you may download this material at http://booksupport.wiley.com. For more information about Wiley products, visit www.wiley.com. Library of Congress Control Number: 2020952999 ISBN: 978-1-119-67901-1 ISBN: 978-1-119-67904-2 (ebk); ISBN: 978-1-119-67905-9 (ebk) Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Contents at a Glance Introduction . 1 Coffee Part 1: Getting Started with Coffee . 5 CHAPTER 1: Demystifying Coffee: Just the Basics . 7 CHAPTER 2: Figuring Out What Coffee Is . 21 Part 2: The Story of Coffee . 39 CHAPTER 3: Familiarizing Yourself with Some Coffee History . 41 CHAPTER 4: Taking a Closer Look at Brewing Today . 51 Part 3: Taking a Trip around the World . 59 CHAPTER 5: Sourcing Coffee — Digging In to Where Coffee Comes From . 61 CHAPTER 6: Considering the Western Hemisphere . 71 CHAPTER 7: Discussing Africa . 97 CHAPTER 8: Addressing the Eastern Hemisphere and Asia Pacific . 111 Part 4: Roasting Coffee . 123 CHAPTER 9: The History of Roasting . 125 CHAPTER 10: Roasting for Flavor . 131 Part 5: Preparing Coffee and Espresso . 141 CHAPTER 11: Exploring the Brewing Methods and Mastering the Tricks . 143 CHAPTER 12: Making Espresso Easier . 159 Part 6: Perusing Today’s Coffee Business . 177 CHAPTER 13: Meeting Some Coffee Trailblazers . 179 CHAPTER 14: Looking at Where Coffee Is Today . 197 Part 7: The Part of Tens . 215 CHAPTER 15: Ten (or So) Myths about Coffee Debunked . 217 CHAPTER 16: Ten (Plus One) Places to Find a Great Cup of Coffee . 225 Part 8: Appendixes . 237 APPENDIX A: Glossary . 239 APPENDIX B: Timeline of Key History of Coffee . 251 Index . 257 Table of Contents INTRODUCTION . 1 About This Book . 1 Foolish Assumptions . .. 2 Icons Used in This Book . 3 Where to Go from Here . 3 PART 1: GETTING STARTED WITH COFFEE . 5 CHAPTER 1: Demystifying Coffee: Just the Basics . 7 Understanding What Coffee Is (and Isn’t) . 8 Appreciating Coffee — from Its Past to Today . 8 A world of farms and fickle crops . 9 Going back to coffee’s roots . 9 Examining coffee and roasting today . .. 10 Traveling Worldwide — Where Coffee Is Grown . 10 Visiting the Western Hemisphere . 11 Heading to Africa . 13 Heading to the Eastern Hemisphere . 14 The Lowdown on Roasting Coffee . 16 Examining Brewing . 16 Brewing Espresso . 17 Examining Where Coffee Is Now . 17 Identifying some of the people behind the coffee industry today . 17 Recognizing coffee’s presence today . 18 CHAPTER 2: Figuring Out What Coffee Is . 21 Understanding the Life Cycle of Coffee: From Seed to Bud to Cherry to Harvest . 22 Flowers appear on coffee tree branches . 23 The flowers develop into a cherry . 24 A team of pickers pick the cherries . .. 25 The pickers hand sort the picked cherries . 27 The cherries are processed . 27 Meeting the Two Main Types of Coffee and Understanding the Subspecies . .. 29 Processing the Cherry: Getting to the Bean . 31 Washed coffee processing . 33 Semi-washed processing . 35 Natural processing . 36 Pulped natural or honey processing . .37 Table of Contents v PART 2: THE STORY OF COFFEE . 39 CHAPTER 3: Familiarizing Yourself with Some Coffee History . 41 Understanding How Geography Is Linked to History — the Coffee Belt . 41 Looking Back at Coffee’s Roots . 42 Kaldi and his goats . 42 From Ethiopia to the Arabian Peninsula . 43 Thanks to Baba Budan, coffee appears in India . 44 Heading to Europe . and Beyond . 44 The first coffeehouses open . 45 Coffee’s ups and downs in England . 46 Coffee and the American colonies . 47 The Americas and first coffee trees . 47 Three centuries of dramatic change . 49 CHAPTER 4: Taking a Closer Look at Brewing Today . 51 Understanding a Brewing Force — Alfred Peet and His Focus on Quality . 51 Buying, roasting, and creating a new coffee culture . 52 Generously growing the coffee community . 52 Specialty coffee is born . .. 53 Introducing Howard Schultz — the Father of Today’s Starbucks . 53 Traveling to Italy changed everything . 53 Expanding the business . 54 Expanding Brewed Specialty Coffee Worldwide . 54 England breaks out . 55 U.S. brewers create excitement . 55 Meeting consumer demands . 56 Understanding the Role of the National Coffee Association . .57 Overall coffee consumption . 57 Coffee drink trends . 57 Coffee drinking by generation . .. 58 PART 3: TAKING A TRIP AROUND THE WORLD . 59 CHAPTER 5: Sourcing Coffee — Digging In to Where Coffee Comes From . 61 Taking a Bird’s-Eye Look: The Coffee Belt . 61 Identifying the top coffee producers . 62 Recognizing what makes these countries so unique to growing coffee . 65 Understanding Nature’s Role in Growing Coffee . 66 Recognizing How Climate Change Is Changing Coffee . 67 vi Coffee For Dummies CHAPTER 6: Considering the Western Hemisphere . 71 Eyeing Central America’s Influence on Coffee Production . 72 Costa Rica . 72 El Salvador . 74 Guatemala . 76 Honduras . 77 Mexico . .. 78 Nicaragua . 79 Panama . 80 Looking Closer at South America’s Contributions to Coffee Production . 82 Bolivia . 82 Brazil . 83 Colombia . 85 Ecuador . 85 Peru . 87 Venezuela . 89 Examining the Caribbean’s Impact on Coffee . 90 Cuba . 91 Dominican Republic . 92 Jamaica . 93 Getting the Aloha Feel: Hawaii’s Influence on Coffee Production . 94 CHAPTER 7: Discussing Africa . 97 Looking Closer at Northeastern Africa . 98 Ethiopia . 98 Kenya . .. 101 Examining Central and Southern Africa . .. 103 Burundi . 103 Congo . 105 Malawi . 106 Rwanda . ..
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