PANCASILA DAN SUMPAH “PALAPA” GADJAH MADA Oleh

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PANCASILA DAN SUMPAH “PALAPA” GADJAH MADA Oleh PANCASILA DAN SUMPAH “PALAPA” GADJAH MADA Oleh: Djaja Hendra1 ABSTRACT The presence of Pancasila nowadays and in the future or the spirit of “Palapa” oath in the past, is functioned as the attaching base and the unity – device for Indonesian nation and its archipelago. We realize truly that this nation consists of various tribes, religions, languages, ethnics, groups, ecology, etc; it needs to be kept, to be preserved, to be conserved. If it is ignored, it can ‘explode’ in anytime so that it needs in depth thinking and strategies to handle and to finish it. That thing has to be done so that it will not make any difficulty in the next day, so it has to be on a passion, maintained and fought for about the Pancasila and the spirit of “Palapa” oath. As the attachment device of the nation, both Pancasila and Palapa oath are taken from the root of the culture of the nation itself: so that it become familiar, close and usual for us as a nation. Though, both of them present according to the situation of the era, they are believed be able to be the ideology of a country, Indonesia nation. Keyword: Pancasila, Oath, explode, unity-device, ideology ABSTRAKSI Hadirnya Pancasila di masa kini dan di masa depan maupun roh Sumpah “Palapa” di masa lampau, sebagai landasan perekat dan alat-pemersatu bagi bangsa Indonesia dan nusantara. Sadar sedalam-dalamnya bahwa bangsa ini terdiri dari aneka suku, agama, bahasa, etnis, golongan, ekologi dan lain sebagainya; perlu dijaga, dipelihara dan dilestarikan. Jika diabaikan sewaktu-waktu dapat ‘meledak’, sehingga menuntut pemikiran dan strategi-strategi yang mendalam buat mengatasi dan menuntaskannya. Agar tidak menyulitkan dikemudian hari maka perlu terus digelorakan, dipertahankan dan diperjuangkan mengenai Pancasila dan roh Sumpah “Palapa” itu. Sebagai perekat dan alat-pemersatu bangsa, memang keduanya diambil dari akar-budaya bangsa sendiri; sehingga menjadi akrab, dekat dan tidak asing bagi kita sebagai negara-bangsa. Meskipun, keduanya hadir sesuai dengan keadaan zamannya, mereka dipercayai dan diyakini mampu sebagai ideologi negara-bangsa Indonesia Key Words: Pancasila, Sumpah, meledak, alat-pemersatu, ideologi 1 Universitas Widya Mataram Yogyakart 181 Pendahuluan Baik, Pancasila maupun roh sampai mendirikan negara-bangsa baru sumpah “Palapa” oleh Mahapatih yang lain sama sekali, sesuai dengan Gadjah Mada (Munoz, P.M, 2013: kesamaan agama, ras, bahasa, suku 398), keduanya digunakan sebagai maupun ekologi dan lain-lain; di mana perekat dan alat pemersatu negara- negara yang semula besar kemudian bangsa Indonesia sekarang maupun menjadi negara-bangsa yang kecil-kecil nusantara di masa dahulu. Bedanya, namun bersifat otonom dari pengaruh pada Pancasila, sebagai perekat dan alat negara-bangsa-asal mereka atau negara- pemersatu, dilakukan setelah bangsa lain. Atau, mungkin sekarang kemerdekaan negara Indonesia tanggal sedang jadi mode (negara- bangsa); atau 18 Agustus 1945 dan bersifat kolektif; suatu ketika, mungkin nanti akan bersatu sementara, roh sumpah “Palapa” di masa kembali-utuh; atau, justru negara- bangsa kerajaan Majapahit, sebagai perekat dan yang semakin kecil-kecil tadi malah alat pemersatu di nusantara dan semakin bertambah mungil, tidak tahulah dilakukan secara perorangan. Juga, kita apa yang bakal terjadi kelak di Pancasila terjadi pada masa kini maupun kemudian hari. Pastinya, kita merasa masa depan dan roh sumpah “Palapa” bangga sebagai perekat dan alat pada masa lampau, dan seterusnya. pemersatu, Pancasila dan roh sumpah Perbedaan-perbedaan tersebut, mungkin, “Palapa” telah teruji dari berbagai masih banyak yang lain sesuai cobaan dan tantangan serta rong-rongan peruntukannya; tetapi hubungan dengan baik dari dalam maupun dari luar negara- perekat dan alat-pemersatu negara- bangsa sendiri. Dengan segala cobaan bangsa, agaknya masih tidak mudah dan tantangan serta rong-rongan bila kita mau mengingat kondisi pada tersebut tentu akan semakin kuat, jaya negara-bangsa lain yang hingga kini dan kebal. Tidak satu pun negara- masih terus bertikai maupun bangsa di dunia yang mengalami pemberontakan. Bahkan sebelum ini, tantangan dan cobaan sera rong-rongan negara-bangsa yang semula bersepakat akan semakin terpuruk dan jatuh atau disepakati untuk bersatu dapat berkeping- keping. sampai terpecah-belah serta ada yang Demikianlah, Pancasila dan roh 182 sumpah “Palapa”, juga telah mengalami tersebut luas sekali pengaruhnya hingga pasang- surut sedemikian-rupa. Segala sampai ke Sailon (dulu) dan cobaan dan tantangan serta rong-rongan Madagaskar (pulau Harapan) di Afrika tentu tidak kecil, tak perlu diungkapkan sana. Melampaui laut yang sangat luas lagi. Bagaimana tidak! Beragam suku, (samudra) dan jauh sekali hingga ribuan agama, bahasa, pulau-pulau, etnis kilometer dan kita menjadi takjub ekologi dan lain sebagainya, malah karenanya. Teknologi, pengetahuan dan diminta untuk berhimpun dan bersatu diplomasi ulung dan canggih masa itu, dalam suatu wadah tersendiri yaitu sekarang, mungkin sulit dipercaya dan nusantara di masa lalu yang mandiri, mungkin kita tidak akan mampu otonom dan berdaulat, bukan suatu menyanggupi untuk berbuat seperti itu. perkara mudah dan sederhana. Di tengah Bagaimana dengan Pancasila? gejolak suatu bangsa yang masih alot Meskipun, tidak seluas wilayah mempersoalkan masalah perut, masalah kekuasaan kerajaan Majapahit tetapi tanah, masalah politik dan lain cobaan dan tantangan serta rong- sebagainya, tentu suatu pekerjaan rumah rongan yang dihadapi juga tidak kecil yang sangat berat dan harus diselesaikan bahkan jauh lebih besar dan mendalam. pula. Di sini, kalau bukan ada seorang Tidak saja kekuatan diplomasi yang atau lembaga yang ‘kuat’ sekali atau dimainkan tetapi juga kekuatan fisik menyisihkan terlebih dahulu ketentaraan. Apa akibatnya? Dengan kepentingan-kepentingan pribadi alasan perdamaian dunia dan lain maupun kelompoknya, maka sulit sebagainya, negara-bangsa kita makin dipercaya jika ada orang yang masih mengecil dan menciut dibandingkan di mau memikirkan anak-bangsanya untuk masa kerajaan Majapahit tempo dahulu. disegani dan dihormati. Bisa jadi roh Tentu, kita tidak ingin besar dan luas sumpah “Palapa” yang digemakan semata tanpa diimbuhi oleh memang tidak terlalu menuntut banyak, persenjataan yang memadai dan asalkan mengakui kerajaan Majapahit diplomasi yang tangguh, tetapi masa (masa Hayam Wuruk) sebagai pusat demikian, entah sampai kapan dapat politik dan pemerintahan, sudah terwujud. Keluhan, tidak kreatif-inovatif cukuplah. Itulah sebabnya kerajaan dan mungkin juga kebodohan dan 183 kemiskinan masih sangat besar menjadi bangsa yang bersangkutan. Landasan kendala. Bahkan kesenjangan ekonomi yang kokoh-kuat tersebut disebut sebagai masih jelas menganga dan makin lambat ideologi. Secara umum dapat dikatakan untuk mengecil hingga hilang sama bahwa ideologi adalah seperangkat sekali. Kesenjangan kaya semakin kaya gagasan atau pemikiran yang dan miskin semakin miskin membuat berorientasi pada tindakan yang persatuan dan kesatuan semakin berliku- diorganisir menjadi suatu sistem yang liku menanjak untuk sejahtera dalam teratur. Dalam ideologi terkandung realitas sosialnya. Tiga kata yaitu cobaan, beberapa unsur. Pertama, adanya suatu tantangan dan mungkin juga rong-rongan penafsiran, Memang ideologi berbicara masih terus-menerus menghinggapi pada mengenai atau pemahaman terhadap negara-bangsa kita sehingga sewaktu- kenyataan. Pancasila kalau kita waktu dapat saja mengancam dan tempatkan dalam keseluruhan konteks mengintai kita sebagai negara-bangsa Pembukaan UUD 1945 menunjukkan yang beradab dan berkeadilan. adanya interpretasi terhadap sejarah Kewaspadaan dan kesiap-siagaan bangsa Indonesia di masa lampau serta menjadi menu-utama dalam setiap bagaimana seharusnya sejarah itu kita pergantian pimpinan pemerintah-an. bentuk di masa depan. Kedua, setiap Tetapi puncuk pimpinan di negeri ini ideologi memuat seperangkat nilai-nilai seakan lupa diri. Siapapun dia. Mereka atau suatu preskripsi moral. Pancasila nampaknya masih bernostalgia dengan dengan jelas merupakan seperangkat nilai masa lalu dengan dibungkus masa kini. dan atas dasar nilai itu masyarakat ingin ditata. Ideologi secara implisit memuat Pancasila sebagai Ideologi penolakan terhadap sistem lainnya. Tokoh yang selalu Misalnya sistem demokrasi memuat membicarakan perlunya suatu ideologi penolakan terhadap sistem kekuasaan dalam suatu negara- bangsa sudah mutlak. Ketiga, ideologi memuat suatu banyak dilakukan. Ambil saja contoh, orientasi pada tindakan, ideologi tokoh paling klasik yaitu Aristoteles juga merupakan suatu pedoman kegiatan pernah membicarakan perlunya landasan untuk mewujudkan nilai-nilai yang yang kokoh-kuat bagi suatu negara- termuat di dalamnya (Sastrapratedja, 184 1991: 142). Di sini, ideologi bersifat dalam mempertahankan, memompa filosofis bukan empiris. Menyangkut ataupun mungkin juga menggerogoti, pendapat (keyakinan) yang dipakai yang paling ekstrim dengan (dicita-citakan) (Poerwadarminta, WJS, menghilangkan atau membunuh yang 1976: 369). Dari hasil pemikiran, dengan tidak sesuai dengan ideologi yang demikian, tanpa diikuti landasan yang ditawarkan. Jika demikian, ideologi kokoh- kuat dengan sendirinya negara betul-betul sangat penting, urgen dan tersebut, yang pada gilirannya, akan sangat diperlukan sebagai negara-bangsa hancur-luluh. Demikian kata Aristoteles, yang menghendaki kemerdekaan untuk sekadar mengingatkan kita. maupun sebagai negara-bangsa yang Walaupun kemudian orang segera berdaulat. Masing-masing negara- berbondong-bondong untuk membuat bangsa, dengan begitu, segera
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