SURYA MAJAPAHIT (Sebuah Dramatari Kolosal)
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Concise Ancient History of Indonesia.Pdf
CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDONESIA CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY O F INDONESIA BY SATYAWATI SULEIMAN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION JAKARTA Copyright by The Archaeological Foundation ]or The National Archaeological Institute 1974 Sponsored by The Ford Foundation Printed by Djambatan — Jakarta Percetakan Endang CONTENTS Preface • • VI I. The Prehistory of Indonesia 1 Early man ; The Foodgathering Stage or Palaeolithic ; The Developed Stage of Foodgathering or Epi-Palaeo- lithic ; The Foodproducing Stage or Neolithic ; The Stage of Craftsmanship or The Early Metal Stage. II. The first contacts with Hinduism and Buddhism 10 III. The first inscriptions 14 IV. Sumatra — The rise of Srivijaya 16 V. Sanjayas and Shailendras 19 VI. Shailendras in Sumatra • •.. 23 VII. Java from 860 A.D. to the 12th century • • 27 VIII. Singhasari • • 30 IX. Majapahit 33 X. The Nusantara : The other islands 38 West Java ; Bali ; Sumatra ; Kalimantan. Bibliography 52 V PREFACE This book is intended to serve as a framework for the ancient history of Indonesia in a concise form. Published for the first time more than a decade ago as a booklet in a modest cyclostyled shape by the Cultural Department of the Indonesian Embassy in India, it has been revised several times in Jakarta in the same form to keep up to date with new discoveries and current theories. Since it seemed to have filled a need felt by foreigners as well as Indonesians to obtain an elementary knowledge of Indonesia's past, it has been thought wise to publish it now in a printed form with the aim to reach a larger public than before. -
A Short History of Indonesia: the Unlikely Nation?
History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page i A SHORT HISTORY OF INDONESIA History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page ii Short History of Asia Series Series Editor: Milton Osborne Milton Osborne has had an association with the Asian region for over 40 years as an academic, public servant and independent writer. He is the author of eight books on Asian topics, including Southeast Asia: An Introductory History, first published in 1979 and now in its eighth edition, and, most recently, The Mekong: Turbulent Past, Uncertain Future, published in 2000. History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page iii A SHORT HISTORY OF INDONESIA THE UNLIKELY NATION? Colin Brown History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page iv First published in 2003 Copyright © Colin Brown 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10 per cent of this book, whichever is the greater, to be photocopied by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. Allen & Unwin 83 Alexander Street Crows Nest NSW 2065 Australia Phone: (61 2) 8425 0100 Fax: (61 2) 9906 2218 Email: [email protected] Web: www.allenandunwin.com National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Brown, Colin, A short history of Indonesia : the unlikely nation? Bibliography. -
Discourses Exploring the Space Between Tradition and Modernity in Indonesia
In the 8th International Indonesia Forum Conference DISCOURSES EXPLORING THE SPACE BETWEEN TRADITION AND MODERNITY IN INDONESIA i Sanksi Pelanggaran Pasal 72 Undang-undang Nomor 19 Tahun 2002 Perubahan atas Undang-undang Nomor 7 Tahun 1987 Perubahan atas Undang-undang Nomor 6 Tahun 1982 Tentang Hak Cipta 1. Barang siapa dengan sengaja dan tanpa hak melakukan perbuatan sebagaimana dimaksud dalam Pasal 2 ayat (1) atau Pasal 49 ayat (1) dan ayat (2) dipidana dengan pidana penjara masing-masing paling singkat 1 (satu) bulan dan/atau denda paling sedikit Rp. 1.000.000,00 (satu juta rupiah), atau pidana penjara paling lama 7 (tujuh) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp. 5.000.000.000,00 (lima miliar rupiah). 2. Barang siapa dengan sengaja menyiarkan, memamerkan, mengedarkan atau menjual kepada umum suatu ciptaan atau barang hasil pelanggaran Hak Cipta atau Hak Terkait sebagaimana dimaksud dalam ayat (1), dipidana dengan pidana penjara paling lama 5 (lima) tahun dan/atau denda paling banyak Rp. 500.000.000,00 (lima ratus juta rupiah). ii In the 8th International Indonesia Forum Conference DISCOURSES EXPLORING THE SPACE BETWEEN TRADITION AND MODERNITY IN INDONESIA Editorial Board: Hermanu Joebagio, Frank Dhont Pramudita Press iii In the 8th International Indonesia Forum Conference Sebelas Maret University, Solo, Indonesia 29 – 30 July 2015 Organized by: Sebelas Maret University and International Indonesia Forum DISCOURSES EXPLORING THE SPACE BETWEEN TRADITION AND MODERNITY IN INDONESIA Editorial Board: Hermanu Joebagio, Frank Dhont Paper Contributor: -
PANCASILA DAN SUMPAH “PALAPA” GADJAH MADA Oleh
PANCASILA DAN SUMPAH “PALAPA” GADJAH MADA Oleh: Djaja Hendra1 ABSTRACT The presence of Pancasila nowadays and in the future or the spirit of “Palapa” oath in the past, is functioned as the attaching base and the unity – device for Indonesian nation and its archipelago. We realize truly that this nation consists of various tribes, religions, languages, ethnics, groups, ecology, etc; it needs to be kept, to be preserved, to be conserved. If it is ignored, it can ‘explode’ in anytime so that it needs in depth thinking and strategies to handle and to finish it. That thing has to be done so that it will not make any difficulty in the next day, so it has to be on a passion, maintained and fought for about the Pancasila and the spirit of “Palapa” oath. As the attachment device of the nation, both Pancasila and Palapa oath are taken from the root of the culture of the nation itself: so that it become familiar, close and usual for us as a nation. Though, both of them present according to the situation of the era, they are believed be able to be the ideology of a country, Indonesia nation. Keyword: Pancasila, Oath, explode, unity-device, ideology ABSTRAKSI Hadirnya Pancasila di masa kini dan di masa depan maupun roh Sumpah “Palapa” di masa lampau, sebagai landasan perekat dan alat-pemersatu bagi bangsa Indonesia dan nusantara. Sadar sedalam-dalamnya bahwa bangsa ini terdiri dari aneka suku, agama, bahasa, etnis, golongan, ekologi dan lain sebagainya; perlu dijaga, dipelihara dan dilestarikan. Jika diabaikan sewaktu-waktu dapat ‘meledak’, sehingga menuntut pemikiran dan strategi-strategi yang mendalam buat mengatasi dan menuntaskannya. -
Historical Game of Majapahit Kingdom Based on Tactical Role-Playing Game
Historical Game of Majapahit Kingdom based on Tactical Role-playing Game Mohammad Fadly Syahputra, Muhammad Kurniawan Widhianto and Romi Fadillah Rahmat Department Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia Keywords: Cut-out Animation, History, Majapahit, Role-playing Game, Tactical Role-playing Game, Turn based Strategy, Video Game. Abstract: Majapahit was a kingdom centered in East Java, which once stood around year 1293 to 1500 C. Majapahit kingdom was the last Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that controlled Nusantara and is regarded as one of the greatest kingdom in Indonesia. The lack of modern entertainment content about the history of Majapahit kingdom made historical subject become less attractive. Therefore, we need a modern entertainment as one option to learn about the fascinating history of the kingdom of Majapahit. In this study the authors designed a video game about history of Majapahit kingdom with the genre of tactical role-playing game. Tactical role-playing game is a sub genre of role playing game by using system of turn-based strategy in every battle. In tactical role-playing game, players will take turns with the opponent and can only take action in their turn and each character will have an attribute and level as in role-playing game video game. This study used the A* algorithm to determine the movement direction of the unit and cut-out techniques in the making of animation. This study demonstrated that video games can be used as a media to learn about history. 1 INTRODUCTION only used as an entertainment, but also can be used as a story telling, and sometimes game also can be mixed Majapahit was a kingdom centered in East Java, with educational elements to train someone. -
Historical Scholarship Between South Asia and Europe
Java’s Mongol Demon. Inscribing the Horse Archer into the Epic History of Majapahit1 Jos Gommans Abstract The temple of Panataran near Blitar in Java features a unique scene in which one of the Ramayana demons, Indrajit, is depicted as a Mongol mounted horse-warrior. This essay explores the meaning of this representation on the basis of the multi- layered history and historiography of Java’s Mongol invasion. “Everything that happened in the Ramayana was absolutely real.” Maheshvaratirtha, sixteenth century (cited in Pollock 1993: 279) Panataran Temple Walking anti-clockwise around the base of the main terrace at Panataran Tem- ple, twelve kilometres north-east of Blitar in Java, the visitor is treated to the truly remarkable display of 106 relief panels carved with sequential scenes from the story of the Ramayana – the source of this particular series is the Kakawin version, which almost certainly dates from the ninth century CE, making it the earliest surviving work of Old Javanese poetry. Interestingly, the main charac- ter in this pictorial rendering is not the more customary figure of Rama, the exiled king, but instead his loyal monkey companion Hanuman. However, given the popularity of Hanuman in the Indic world in around the time the Panataran panels were made – the mid-fourteenth century – his prominence is perhaps not all that surprising after all (Lutgendorf 2007). Except for Hanu- man’s unusual role, the panels follow the conventional narrative, starting with the abduction of Rama’s wife Sita by Ravana, the demon king of Lanka. Many of the panels depict Hanuman’s heroic fights with demons (rakshasas), and the first series of battles culminates in panel 55, which shows Hanuman being attacked by Ravana’s son Indrajit. -
BAB II DESKRIPSI OBYEK PENELITIAN A. Dari Singasari
BAB II DESKRIPSI OBYEK PENELITIAN A. Dari Singasari Sampai PIM Sejarah singkat berdirinya kerajaan Majapahit, penulis rangkum dari berbagai sumber. Kebanyakan dari literatur soal Majapahit adalah hasil tafsir, interpretasi dari orang per orang yang bisa jadi menimbulkan sanggahan di sana- sini. Itulah yang penulis temui pada forum obrolan di dunia maya seputar Majapahit. Masing-masing pihak merasa pemahamannyalah yang paling sempurna. Maka dari itu, penulis mencoba untuk merangkum dari berbagai sumber, memilih yang sekiranya sama pada setiap perbedaan pandangan yang ada. Keberadaan Majapahit tidak bisa dilepaskan dari kerajaan Singasari. Tidak hanya karena urutan waktu, tapi juga penguasa Majapahit adalah para penguasa kerajaan Singasari yang runtuh akibat serangan dari kerajaan Daha.1 Raden Wijaya yang merupakan panglima perang Singasari kemudian memutuskan untuk mengabdi pada Daha di bawah kepemimpinan Jayakatwang. Berkat pengabdiannya pada Daha, Raden Wijaya akhirnya mendapat kepercayaan penuh dari Jayakatwang. Bermodal kepercayaan itulah, pada tahun 1292 Raden Wijaya meminta izin kepada Jayakatwang untuk membuka hutan Tarik untuk dijadikan desa guna menjadi pertahanan terdepan yang melindungi Daha.2 Setelah mendapat izin Jayakatwang, Raden Wijaya kemudian membabat hutan Tarik itu, membangun desa yang kemudian diberi nama Majapahit. Nama 1 Esa Damar Pinuluh, Pesona Majapahit (Jogjakarta: BukuBiru, 2010), hal. 7-14. 2 Ibid., hal. 16. 29 Majapahit konon diambil dari nama pohon buah maja yang rasa buahnya sangat pahit. Kemampuan Raden Wijaya sebagai panglima memang tidak diragukan. Sesaat setelah membuka hutan Tarik, tepatnya tahun 1293, ia menggulingkan Jayakatwang dan menjadi raja pertama Majapahit. Perjalanan Majapahit kemudian diwarnai dengan beragam pemberontakan yang dilakukan oleh para sahabatnya yang merasa tidak puas atas pembagian kekuasaannya. Sekali lagi Raden Wijaya membuktikan keampuhannya sebagai seorang pemimpin. -
Perplexing Discourse of Indonesian Architectural Identity: an Understanding of Contemporary Nusantaran Architecture
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE AND URBAN STUDIES PERPLEXING DISCOURSE OF INDONESIAN ARCHITECTURAL IDENTITY: AN UNDERSTANDING OF CONTEMPORARY NUSANTARAN ARCHITECTURE DIAH ASIH PURWANINGRUM Diah Asih Purwaningrum is a Ph.D. candidate in the Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning at The University of Melbourne. Her research interests include Indonesian architectural identity, contextual design and design approach. Her dissertation focuses on contemporary Nusantaran architecture from the perspectives of architectural academics and praxis. Received: June 2018. Acceptance: August 2019 Abstract The term ‘Nusantara’, which literary means ‘the archipelago’, has been revisited and adopted in a newly emerging terminology of ‘Nusantaran architecture’. This new term is widely accepted among Indonesian architects and scholars as an alternative direction of Indonesian architectural identity and is currently employed by the Indonesian government as a centrepiece of the national tourism strategies. The notion is being challenged as it is considered as vouge and problematic in many fundamental aspects, and the necessity to use this term as the county’s identity representation is also being questioned since it may fall short into superficiality and end into commodification. This paper scrutinizes the perplexity behind contemporary Nusantaran architecture as Indonesia’s widely celebrated exclamation. Focusing on scholarly discussion, this paper aims to investigate both sides of supporting and opposing arguments, to get a more comprehensive -
Accounting and Accountability Strategies of Gajah Mada's
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) e-ISSN: 2321-5933, p-ISSN: 2321-5925.Volume 5, Issue 6. Ver. I (Nov.-Dec. 2014), PP 19-24 www.iosrjournals.org Accounting and Accountability Strategies of Gajah Mada’s Government: Analysis of Power – Knowledge Calysta Dessi Rosyinadia1 , EG Sukoharsono2 , A Djamhuri3 1 Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Brawijaya. Malang-Indonesia 2 Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Brawijaya. Malang-Indonesia 3 Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Brawijaya. Malang-Indonesia Abstract: This study is aimed to more deeply analyze the history of accounting in Indonesia, particularly in the Majapahit empire in the reign of Gajah Mada as the mahapatih (Prime Minister). The role of Gajah Mada in the establishment of the unity of archipelago has a significant contribution to the development of the accounting ideas in Indonesia. In addition to the expansion of the territory expressed in the Palapa oath, Gajah Mada committed to his own mission to improve the economy of Majapahit Empire. Gajah Mada’s accounting strategy is one of successful strategy that formed Indonesian archipelago. In the age of Gajah Mada, Majapahit was one of the biggest ports with biggest warehouse in Asia frequently transited by foreigners from various countries. Moreover, Gajah Mada used his power to formulate legislation governing Majapahit taxes and penalties. In the Gajah Mada reign, Majapahit Empire is levied kinds of taxes, namely: (a) trade tax, (b) tax for foreigner, (c) exit-premit tax,(d) land tax, and (e) arts tax. Keywords: Gajah Mada, Accounting History of Indonesia, Foucault Power-Knowledge Framework I. -
Kingdom of Iha
KINGDOM OF IHA The Kingdom of Iha was an Islamic kingdom located in Saparua island, Maluku. Around the Dutch colonial period, there are exist two well-known kingdoms in. They live around Makassar, the capital city of the province of South Sulawesi, as well as the Konjo highlands, the coastal areas, and the Selayar and Spermonde islands. North Maluku is a province of Indonesia. It had outriggers of bamboo about five feet off each side, which supported a bamboo platform extending the whole length of the vessel. By built a dam on Brantas river, he provides irrigation to surrounding paddy fields and maintaining hydraulic system in the area. According to Pararaton, Haru kingdom was mentioned among polities that Gajah Mada intended to unite under Majapahit suzerainty in his Palapa oath. Airlangga was bethroted to his cousin, one of Dharmawangsa's daughter, thus arranged marriage was in place. The regional economy mostly comes from the people's economy which relies on the agricultural sector, fisheries and other types of marine products. According to the epic poem The Nagarakretagama , in praise of King Rajasanagara of Majapahit , it lists Makassar as one of the kingdom's tributaries in ; the first queen of Gowa was Tomanurung Baine. More it refers to Kota Gede area, the capital of the Sultanate in the outskirt of southern Yogyakarta. Francisco Colin, S. The place is most a religious-complex for warrior-monks of and had a key role, being located mid-way in the Strait of Malacca in policing the trade within the area and repelling invading forces as well as providing spiritual guidance to any pilgrim from China , India or within the archipelago. -
Gotong Royong: a Study of an Indonesian Concept and the Application of Its Principles to the Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Indonesia
Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertation Projects DMin Graduate Research 1975 Gotong Royong: A Study Of An Indonesian Concept And The Application Of Its Principles To The Seventh-Day Adventist Church In Indonesia Jan Manaek Hutauruk Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dmin Part of the Practical Theology Commons Recommended Citation Hutauruk, Jan Manaek, "Gotong Royong: A Study Of An Indonesian Concept And The Application Of Its Principles To The Seventh-Day Adventist Church In Indonesia" (1975). Dissertation Projects DMin. 354. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dmin/354 This Project Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertation Projects DMin by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary GOTONG ROYONG: A STUDY OF AN INDONESIAN CONCEPT AND THE APPLICATION OF ITS PRINCIPLES TO THE SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH IN INDONESIA A Project Report Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Ministry by Jan Manaek Hutauruk March 1975 Approval ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A work of this kind is a work of dependence. Without the support of several important people this study would have been impossible. Truly what the author has accomplished is the result of gotong royong— a group work. Dr. Gottfried Oosterwal has given the author guidance, advice, and encouragement; Dr. Robert Johnston has read the paper through and given his criticism to improve it; Dr. -
Appendix Appendix
APPENDIX APPENDIX DYNASTIC LISTS, WITH GOVERNORS AND GOVERNORS-GENERAL Burma and Arakan: A. Rulers of Pagan before 1044 B. The Pagan dynasty, 1044-1287 C. Myinsaing and Pinya, 1298-1364 D. Sagaing, 1315-64 E. Ava, 1364-1555 F. The Toungoo dynasty, 1486-1752 G. The Alaungpaya or Konbaung dynasty, 1752- 1885 H. Mon rulers of Hanthawaddy (Pegu) I. Arakan Cambodia: A. Funan B. Chenla C. The Angkor monarchy D. The post-Angkor period Champa: A. Linyi B. Champa Indonesia and Malaya: A. Java, Pre-Muslim period B. Java, Muslim period C. Malacca D. Acheh (Achin) E. Governors-General of the Netherlands East Indies Tai Dynasties: A. Sukhot'ai B. Ayut'ia C. Bangkok D. Muong Swa E. Lang Chang F. Vien Chang (Vientiane) G. Luang Prabang 954 APPENDIX 955 Vietnam: A. The Hong-Bang, 2879-258 B.c. B. The Thuc, 257-208 B.C. C. The Trieu, 207-I I I B.C. D. The Earlier Li, A.D. 544-602 E. The Ngo, 939-54 F. The Dinh, 968-79 G. The Earlier Le, 980-I009 H. The Later Li, I009-I225 I. The Tran, 1225-I400 J. The Ho, I400-I407 K. The restored Tran, I407-I8 L. The Later Le, I4I8-I8o4 M. The Mac, I527-I677 N. The Trinh, I539-I787 0. The Tay-Son, I778-I8o2 P. The Nguyen Q. Governors and governors-general of French Indo China APPENDIX DYNASTIC LISTS BURMA AND ARAKAN A. RULERS OF PAGAN BEFORE IOH (According to the Burmese chronicles) dat~ of accusion 1. Pyusawti 167 2. Timinyi, son of I 242 3· Yimminpaik, son of 2 299 4· Paikthili, son of 3 .