Gayatri Dalam Sejarah Singhasari Dan Majapahit1
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Concise Ancient History of Indonesia.Pdf
CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDONESIA CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY O F INDONESIA BY SATYAWATI SULEIMAN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION JAKARTA Copyright by The Archaeological Foundation ]or The National Archaeological Institute 1974 Sponsored by The Ford Foundation Printed by Djambatan — Jakarta Percetakan Endang CONTENTS Preface • • VI I. The Prehistory of Indonesia 1 Early man ; The Foodgathering Stage or Palaeolithic ; The Developed Stage of Foodgathering or Epi-Palaeo- lithic ; The Foodproducing Stage or Neolithic ; The Stage of Craftsmanship or The Early Metal Stage. II. The first contacts with Hinduism and Buddhism 10 III. The first inscriptions 14 IV. Sumatra — The rise of Srivijaya 16 V. Sanjayas and Shailendras 19 VI. Shailendras in Sumatra • •.. 23 VII. Java from 860 A.D. to the 12th century • • 27 VIII. Singhasari • • 30 IX. Majapahit 33 X. The Nusantara : The other islands 38 West Java ; Bali ; Sumatra ; Kalimantan. Bibliography 52 V PREFACE This book is intended to serve as a framework for the ancient history of Indonesia in a concise form. Published for the first time more than a decade ago as a booklet in a modest cyclostyled shape by the Cultural Department of the Indonesian Embassy in India, it has been revised several times in Jakarta in the same form to keep up to date with new discoveries and current theories. Since it seemed to have filled a need felt by foreigners as well as Indonesians to obtain an elementary knowledge of Indonesia's past, it has been thought wise to publish it now in a printed form with the aim to reach a larger public than before. -
A Short History of Indonesia: the Unlikely Nation?
History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page i A SHORT HISTORY OF INDONESIA History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page ii Short History of Asia Series Series Editor: Milton Osborne Milton Osborne has had an association with the Asian region for over 40 years as an academic, public servant and independent writer. He is the author of eight books on Asian topics, including Southeast Asia: An Introductory History, first published in 1979 and now in its eighth edition, and, most recently, The Mekong: Turbulent Past, Uncertain Future, published in 2000. History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page iii A SHORT HISTORY OF INDONESIA THE UNLIKELY NATION? Colin Brown History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page iv First published in 2003 Copyright © Colin Brown 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10 per cent of this book, whichever is the greater, to be photocopied by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. Allen & Unwin 83 Alexander Street Crows Nest NSW 2065 Australia Phone: (61 2) 8425 0100 Fax: (61 2) 9906 2218 Email: [email protected] Web: www.allenandunwin.com National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Brown, Colin, A short history of Indonesia : the unlikely nation? Bibliography. -
Historical Game of Majapahit Kingdom Based on Tactical Role-Playing Game
Historical Game of Majapahit Kingdom based on Tactical Role-playing Game Mohammad Fadly Syahputra, Muhammad Kurniawan Widhianto and Romi Fadillah Rahmat Department Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia Keywords: Cut-out Animation, History, Majapahit, Role-playing Game, Tactical Role-playing Game, Turn based Strategy, Video Game. Abstract: Majapahit was a kingdom centered in East Java, which once stood around year 1293 to 1500 C. Majapahit kingdom was the last Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that controlled Nusantara and is regarded as one of the greatest kingdom in Indonesia. The lack of modern entertainment content about the history of Majapahit kingdom made historical subject become less attractive. Therefore, we need a modern entertainment as one option to learn about the fascinating history of the kingdom of Majapahit. In this study the authors designed a video game about history of Majapahit kingdom with the genre of tactical role-playing game. Tactical role-playing game is a sub genre of role playing game by using system of turn-based strategy in every battle. In tactical role-playing game, players will take turns with the opponent and can only take action in their turn and each character will have an attribute and level as in role-playing game video game. This study used the A* algorithm to determine the movement direction of the unit and cut-out techniques in the making of animation. This study demonstrated that video games can be used as a media to learn about history. 1 INTRODUCTION only used as an entertainment, but also can be used as a story telling, and sometimes game also can be mixed Majapahit was a kingdom centered in East Java, with educational elements to train someone. -
In the Footsteps of Hayam Wuruk
IIAS_NL#39 09-12-2005 17:00 Pagina 17 > Research Rocks washed by the sea as Hayam Wuruk probably saw them at the cape of Tanjung Papuma. courtesy of author In the footsteps of Hayam Wuruk In the Old Javanese text Nagarakertagama or Desawarnana (1365), the Buddhist poet Prapanca describes King Hayam Wuruk’s journey through East Java in 1359. We followed the royal tracks in a 900-kilometer jeep expedition in June 2005 and discovered that many of the places can still be identified. Amrit Gomperts Renes, the caravan passed through a for- descending the steep ravine is impossi- cape of Tanjung Papuma, nowadays a human hands on the southern shore of est referred to as Jati Gumelar or ‘spread ble. Thus, in 1359, the wooden or bam- small tourist resort. The rocks jutting up Ranu Segaran, in front of a terraced gar- out teak trees’ (DW 23.1). The Dutch boo bridge may have been in a moul- close to the beach remain as Hayam den; this site may well indicate the loca- he expedition departed from the topographic maps show details of vege- dering state but it could not have been Wuruk may have seen them (see photo- tion of the bwat ranten. Tcourt of Majapahit, during the day tation that locate the forest near the vil- entirely in tatters. Such bridges chal- graph). of the full moon on 8 September 1359. lage of Tasnan which my Javanese trav- lenge our archaeological imagination. At the end of the journey, the royal car- The royal caravan drove in ox-carts, with el companions recognized as jati ‘teak’. -
5 Bab Ii. Pasukan Elite Kerajaan Majapahit Ii.1
BAB II. PASUKAN ELITE KERAJAAN MAJAPAHIT II.1 Landasan Teori II.1.1 Kerajaan Pada masa lalu Indonesia dihuni dengan macam – macam kerajaan diberbagai wilayah Indonesia, dari kerajaan Hindu, Buddha hingga Islam. Definisi Kerajaan adalah bentuk pemerintahan yang dipimpin oleh seorang aristocrat (bangsawan) yang jabatannya diperoleh dari garis keturunan penguasa, masa jabatan raja berlaku seumur hidup, kecuali raja itu sendiri yang mengundurkan diri (Suhelmi, 2007, h.233). Sistem pemerintahan kerajaan dapatdisebut monarki, arti kata monarki yang berasal dari Bahasa Yunani, kata mono yang artinya satu dan archeim yang artinya pemerintahan, jadi sistem pemerintahan monarki adalah suatu negara yang dipimpin oleh satu orang atau seorang raja (Rachmat, Sukidjo, Tukimo, 2002, h.26). Menurut (Mark), sistem pemerintahan kerajaan atau monarki adalah sistem pemerintahan yang tertua di dunia pada abad ke 3 SM, dilihat dari salah satu peradaban besar tertua di dunia yaitu bangsa Mesir Kuno yang pemimpin bangsanya adalah Fir’aun dengan sistem Monarki Absolut, raja pertama Mesir Kuno adalah Menes (https://www.ancient.eu/egypt, 29/01/2016, para 7). Gambar II.1 Pelat Narmer Abad ke 3 SM Sumber: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/NarmerPalette_ROM- gamma.jpg/800px-NarmerPalette_ROM-gamma.jpg (Diakses pada 21/04/2020) Hampir semua sistem pemerintahan di masa lalu adalah sistem kerajaan, tak terkecuali Indonesia. Pada masa lalu Indonesia memiliki kerajaan - kerajaan yang terkenal seperti Kerajaan Majapahit, Kerajaan Kutai, Kerajaan Sriwijaya dan masih 5 banyak lagi. Pada periode kerajaan – kerajaan di Indonesia, kerajaan tidak dijadikan sebagai pusat pemerintahaan saja, tapi juga dijadikan tempat menyebarluaskan kepercayaan, dari agama Hindu, agama Buddha dan juga agama Islam. -
Historical Scholarship Between South Asia and Europe
Java’s Mongol Demon. Inscribing the Horse Archer into the Epic History of Majapahit1 Jos Gommans Abstract The temple of Panataran near Blitar in Java features a unique scene in which one of the Ramayana demons, Indrajit, is depicted as a Mongol mounted horse-warrior. This essay explores the meaning of this representation on the basis of the multi- layered history and historiography of Java’s Mongol invasion. “Everything that happened in the Ramayana was absolutely real.” Maheshvaratirtha, sixteenth century (cited in Pollock 1993: 279) Panataran Temple Walking anti-clockwise around the base of the main terrace at Panataran Tem- ple, twelve kilometres north-east of Blitar in Java, the visitor is treated to the truly remarkable display of 106 relief panels carved with sequential scenes from the story of the Ramayana – the source of this particular series is the Kakawin version, which almost certainly dates from the ninth century CE, making it the earliest surviving work of Old Javanese poetry. Interestingly, the main charac- ter in this pictorial rendering is not the more customary figure of Rama, the exiled king, but instead his loyal monkey companion Hanuman. However, given the popularity of Hanuman in the Indic world in around the time the Panataran panels were made – the mid-fourteenth century – his prominence is perhaps not all that surprising after all (Lutgendorf 2007). Except for Hanu- man’s unusual role, the panels follow the conventional narrative, starting with the abduction of Rama’s wife Sita by Ravana, the demon king of Lanka. Many of the panels depict Hanuman’s heroic fights with demons (rakshasas), and the first series of battles culminates in panel 55, which shows Hanuman being attacked by Ravana’s son Indrajit. -
BAB II DESKRIPSI OBYEK PENELITIAN A. Dari Singasari
BAB II DESKRIPSI OBYEK PENELITIAN A. Dari Singasari Sampai PIM Sejarah singkat berdirinya kerajaan Majapahit, penulis rangkum dari berbagai sumber. Kebanyakan dari literatur soal Majapahit adalah hasil tafsir, interpretasi dari orang per orang yang bisa jadi menimbulkan sanggahan di sana- sini. Itulah yang penulis temui pada forum obrolan di dunia maya seputar Majapahit. Masing-masing pihak merasa pemahamannyalah yang paling sempurna. Maka dari itu, penulis mencoba untuk merangkum dari berbagai sumber, memilih yang sekiranya sama pada setiap perbedaan pandangan yang ada. Keberadaan Majapahit tidak bisa dilepaskan dari kerajaan Singasari. Tidak hanya karena urutan waktu, tapi juga penguasa Majapahit adalah para penguasa kerajaan Singasari yang runtuh akibat serangan dari kerajaan Daha.1 Raden Wijaya yang merupakan panglima perang Singasari kemudian memutuskan untuk mengabdi pada Daha di bawah kepemimpinan Jayakatwang. Berkat pengabdiannya pada Daha, Raden Wijaya akhirnya mendapat kepercayaan penuh dari Jayakatwang. Bermodal kepercayaan itulah, pada tahun 1292 Raden Wijaya meminta izin kepada Jayakatwang untuk membuka hutan Tarik untuk dijadikan desa guna menjadi pertahanan terdepan yang melindungi Daha.2 Setelah mendapat izin Jayakatwang, Raden Wijaya kemudian membabat hutan Tarik itu, membangun desa yang kemudian diberi nama Majapahit. Nama 1 Esa Damar Pinuluh, Pesona Majapahit (Jogjakarta: BukuBiru, 2010), hal. 7-14. 2 Ibid., hal. 16. 29 Majapahit konon diambil dari nama pohon buah maja yang rasa buahnya sangat pahit. Kemampuan Raden Wijaya sebagai panglima memang tidak diragukan. Sesaat setelah membuka hutan Tarik, tepatnya tahun 1293, ia menggulingkan Jayakatwang dan menjadi raja pertama Majapahit. Perjalanan Majapahit kemudian diwarnai dengan beragam pemberontakan yang dilakukan oleh para sahabatnya yang merasa tidak puas atas pembagian kekuasaannya. Sekali lagi Raden Wijaya membuktikan keampuhannya sebagai seorang pemimpin. -
Aparatur Sipil Negara, BUKAN Abdi Negara Biasa
Media Edukasi dan Informasi Keuangan EDUKASI KEUANGAN ASN Aparatur Sipil Negara, BUKAN Abdi Negara Biasa Edisi 23/2014 Daftar Isi Salam Redaksi 2 Lintas Peristiwa 4 Liputan Utama 6 Liputan Khusus 14 Profil 18 Kuis 23 Serambi Ilmu 24 Mata Air 53 Klinik Sehat 55 Tips n Trik 56 English Corner 59 Selasar 60 Point Of Interest 61 Kalender Diklat 63 Resensi Buku 64 Kang Edu 65 Redaksi menerima kritik saran, pertanyaan, atau sanggahan terhadap EDUKASI masalah-masalah yang berkaitan dengan Kementerian Keuangan. K E U A N G A N Sampaikan melalui alamat email : [email protected] Salam Redaksi Belakangan ini muncul beberapa pertanyaan terkait dengan pegawai negeri sipil. Apa benar PNS berubah? Apakah jabatan dalam PNS juga diganti? Pertanyaan tersebut muncul sebagai konsekuensi dari disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara. Undang-Undang tersebut menggantikan UU Nomor 43 tahun 1999 tentang Pokok Po- kok Kepegawaian. Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) dalam Undang- Undang tersebut secara istilah memang menggantikan istilah PNS. Undang-Undang ASN lahir dari usaha reformasi birokrasi di Indonesia, dimana sistem birokrasi menekankan pada efektifitas dan efisiensi. Banyak hal yang “berubah”, paradigma PNS sebagai sebuah pekerjaan mulai dikampanyekan bahwa PNS itu adalah profesi melalui sebutan barunya yaitu Aparatur Sipil Negara. Sebagai sebuah profesi, negara perlu mengatur adanya asas, nilai dasar, kode etik, sampai bagaimana mengembangkan ASN secara terpadu. Penajaman dan penekanan serta profesionalisme aparatur sipil negara terlihat pada butir-butir di Undang-Undang tersebut. Pengertian UU ASN, pokok pokok perubahan serta maksud dan tujuan dari perubahan tersebut kami tuangkan kedalam Liputan Utama Majalah edisi ke-23 ini. -
Download Article (PDF)
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 552 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Arts and Arts Education (ICAAE 2020) Life Values in Gapura Bajangratu Katrin Nur Nafi’ah Ismoyo1,* Hadjar Pamadhi 2 1 Graduate School of Arts Education, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia 2 Faculty of Languages and Arts, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study employed the qualitative research method with Hans-George Gadamer’s semiotic approach and analysis based on Jean Baudrillard’s hyperreality. According to Gadamer, truth can be obtained not through methods, but dialectics, where more questions may be proposed, which is referred to as practical philosophy. Meanwhile, Jean Baudrillard argues that “We live in a world where there is more and more information, and less and less meaning …”. This paper discusses the life values of Gapura Bajang Ratu in its essence, as well as life values in the age of hyperreality. Keywords: Gapura Bajangratu, life values, hyperreality, semiotics 1. INTRODUCTION death of Bhre Wengker (end 7th century). There is another opinion regarding the history of the Bajangratu Gapura Bajangratu (Bajangratu Temple) is a Gate which believe it to be one of the gates of the heritage site of the Majapahit Kingdom which is located Majapahit Palace, due to the location of the gate which in Dukuh Kraton, Temon Village, Trowulan District, is not far from the center of the Majapahit Kingdom. Mojokerto Regency, East Java. Gapura Bajangratu or This notion provides historical information that the the Bajangratu Gate is estimated to have been built in Gapura gate is an important entrance to a respectable the 13-14th century. -
Accounting and Accountability Strategies of Gajah Mada's
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) e-ISSN: 2321-5933, p-ISSN: 2321-5925.Volume 5, Issue 6. Ver. I (Nov.-Dec. 2014), PP 19-24 www.iosrjournals.org Accounting and Accountability Strategies of Gajah Mada’s Government: Analysis of Power – Knowledge Calysta Dessi Rosyinadia1 , EG Sukoharsono2 , A Djamhuri3 1 Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Brawijaya. Malang-Indonesia 2 Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Brawijaya. Malang-Indonesia 3 Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Brawijaya. Malang-Indonesia Abstract: This study is aimed to more deeply analyze the history of accounting in Indonesia, particularly in the Majapahit empire in the reign of Gajah Mada as the mahapatih (Prime Minister). The role of Gajah Mada in the establishment of the unity of archipelago has a significant contribution to the development of the accounting ideas in Indonesia. In addition to the expansion of the territory expressed in the Palapa oath, Gajah Mada committed to his own mission to improve the economy of Majapahit Empire. Gajah Mada’s accounting strategy is one of successful strategy that formed Indonesian archipelago. In the age of Gajah Mada, Majapahit was one of the biggest ports with biggest warehouse in Asia frequently transited by foreigners from various countries. Moreover, Gajah Mada used his power to formulate legislation governing Majapahit taxes and penalties. In the Gajah Mada reign, Majapahit Empire is levied kinds of taxes, namely: (a) trade tax, (b) tax for foreigner, (c) exit-premit tax,(d) land tax, and (e) arts tax. Keywords: Gajah Mada, Accounting History of Indonesia, Foucault Power-Knowledge Framework I. -
Gotong Royong: a Study of an Indonesian Concept and the Application of Its Principles to the Seventh-Day Adventist Church in Indonesia
Andrews University Digital Commons @ Andrews University Dissertation Projects DMin Graduate Research 1975 Gotong Royong: A Study Of An Indonesian Concept And The Application Of Its Principles To The Seventh-Day Adventist Church In Indonesia Jan Manaek Hutauruk Andrews University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dmin Part of the Practical Theology Commons Recommended Citation Hutauruk, Jan Manaek, "Gotong Royong: A Study Of An Indonesian Concept And The Application Of Its Principles To The Seventh-Day Adventist Church In Indonesia" (1975). Dissertation Projects DMin. 354. https://digitalcommons.andrews.edu/dmin/354 This Project Report is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate Research at Digital Commons @ Andrews University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertation Projects DMin by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Andrews University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Andrews University Seventh-day Adventist Theological Seminary GOTONG ROYONG: A STUDY OF AN INDONESIAN CONCEPT AND THE APPLICATION OF ITS PRINCIPLES TO THE SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH IN INDONESIA A Project Report Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Ministry by Jan Manaek Hutauruk March 1975 Approval ACKNOWLEDGEMENT A work of this kind is a work of dependence. Without the support of several important people this study would have been impossible. Truly what the author has accomplished is the result of gotong royong— a group work. Dr. Gottfried Oosterwal has given the author guidance, advice, and encouragement; Dr. Robert Johnston has read the paper through and given his criticism to improve it; Dr. -
Perancangan Karakter Visual Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi
Visual Heritage: Jurnal Kreasi Seni dan Budaya Vol. 01 No. 01, Sep – Des 2018 e-ISSN:2623-0305 hal. 57-62 PERANCANGAN KARAKTER VISUAL TRIBHUWANA WIJAYATUNGGADEWI Nanda Agustia Fazri, Pujianto Program Studi Desain Komunikasi Visual Fakultas Bahasa Dan Seni, Universitas Indraprasta PGRI Jl.Nangka 58 Tanjung Barat,Jakarta Selatan,Indonesia [email protected] Abstrak Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi mempunyai nama asli, yakni Dyah Gitarja. Ia adalah raja ke tiga Kerajaan Majapahit yang memerintah pada tahun 1328-1351. Perancangan karakter visual sosok Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi adalah untuk menjadi teladan kepada perempuan khususnya agar menjadi peribadi yang mempunyai perencanaan kehidupan kedepan agar hidupnya tertata dengan baik dan mempunyai wawasan yang luas, serta melakukan apapun dengan sunggh- sungguh dan bertanggung jawab. Metode studi pustaka, baik cetak seperti buku, maupun elektronik yaitu jurnal ilmiah, artikel, e-book, dan sebagainya. Penulis juga melakukan wawancara dan observasi berkaitan dengan watak dan karakter Tribhuwana dalam peran perluasan kekuasaan Majapahit. Berdasarkan data yang ada dan teori yang terkait dengan perancangan karakter visual . Hasil akhir perancangan karakter visual ini dapat menjadi refrensi ilmiah untuk perkembangan ilustrasi individu maupun kelompok untuk lebih percaya diri untuk lebih kreatif dan bersaing di pasar global sambil mempertahankan nilai – nilai budaya indonesia. Kata kunci : Karakter, visual, Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi Abstract Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi has a original name, namely Dyah Gitarja. He was the third king of the Majapahit Kingdom who ruled twelfth until . The design of the visual character of Tribhuwana Wijayatunggadewi is to be a role model to women, especially to be a person who has life planning in the future so that his life is well organized and has broad insight, and does everything sincerely and responsibly.