In the Footsteps of Hayam Wuruk
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Concise Ancient History of Indonesia.Pdf
CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDONESIA CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY O F INDONESIA BY SATYAWATI SULEIMAN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION JAKARTA Copyright by The Archaeological Foundation ]or The National Archaeological Institute 1974 Sponsored by The Ford Foundation Printed by Djambatan — Jakarta Percetakan Endang CONTENTS Preface • • VI I. The Prehistory of Indonesia 1 Early man ; The Foodgathering Stage or Palaeolithic ; The Developed Stage of Foodgathering or Epi-Palaeo- lithic ; The Foodproducing Stage or Neolithic ; The Stage of Craftsmanship or The Early Metal Stage. II. The first contacts with Hinduism and Buddhism 10 III. The first inscriptions 14 IV. Sumatra — The rise of Srivijaya 16 V. Sanjayas and Shailendras 19 VI. Shailendras in Sumatra • •.. 23 VII. Java from 860 A.D. to the 12th century • • 27 VIII. Singhasari • • 30 IX. Majapahit 33 X. The Nusantara : The other islands 38 West Java ; Bali ; Sumatra ; Kalimantan. Bibliography 52 V PREFACE This book is intended to serve as a framework for the ancient history of Indonesia in a concise form. Published for the first time more than a decade ago as a booklet in a modest cyclostyled shape by the Cultural Department of the Indonesian Embassy in India, it has been revised several times in Jakarta in the same form to keep up to date with new discoveries and current theories. Since it seemed to have filled a need felt by foreigners as well as Indonesians to obtain an elementary knowledge of Indonesia's past, it has been thought wise to publish it now in a printed form with the aim to reach a larger public than before. -
Accounting and Accountability Strategies of Gajah Mada's
IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) e-ISSN: 2321-5933, p-ISSN: 2321-5925.Volume 5, Issue 6. Ver. I (Nov.-Dec. 2014), PP 19-24 www.iosrjournals.org Accounting and Accountability Strategies of Gajah Mada’s Government: Analysis of Power – Knowledge Calysta Dessi Rosyinadia1 , EG Sukoharsono2 , A Djamhuri3 1 Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Brawijaya. Malang-Indonesia 2 Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Brawijaya. Malang-Indonesia 3 Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Brawijaya. Malang-Indonesia Abstract: This study is aimed to more deeply analyze the history of accounting in Indonesia, particularly in the Majapahit empire in the reign of Gajah Mada as the mahapatih (Prime Minister). The role of Gajah Mada in the establishment of the unity of archipelago has a significant contribution to the development of the accounting ideas in Indonesia. In addition to the expansion of the territory expressed in the Palapa oath, Gajah Mada committed to his own mission to improve the economy of Majapahit Empire. Gajah Mada’s accounting strategy is one of successful strategy that formed Indonesian archipelago. In the age of Gajah Mada, Majapahit was one of the biggest ports with biggest warehouse in Asia frequently transited by foreigners from various countries. Moreover, Gajah Mada used his power to formulate legislation governing Majapahit taxes and penalties. In the Gajah Mada reign, Majapahit Empire is levied kinds of taxes, namely: (a) trade tax, (b) tax for foreigner, (c) exit-premit tax,(d) land tax, and (e) arts tax. Keywords: Gajah Mada, Accounting History of Indonesia, Foucault Power-Knowledge Framework I. -
Gayatri Dalam Sejarah Singhasari Dan Majapahit1
16 SEJARAH DAN BUDAYA, Tahun Ketujuh, Nomor 2, Desember 2013 GAYATRI DALAM SEJARAH SINGHASARI DAN MAJAPAHIT1 Deny Yudo Wahyudi1 Jurusan Sejarah FIS Universitas Negeri Malang Abstrak: Gayatri is an important woman figure in history of Majapahit. As a main family member, she had central role, although her role is invisible. Her status as Rajapatni gave her a big power, so she ascended her husband’s throne after her son in law, who has no son, died. Her Pendharmaan becomes an important source to be studied because of its vague of supporting data. Key Words: Gayatri, history, Singhasari, Majapahit Pergulatan menarik ditunjukkan Prof. Drake Singhasari sebagai pendahulu raja-raja (mantan Diplomat Canada) ketika akan Majapahit. Sumber lain selama ini hanya memilih tema tulisan sejarah sebagai kebiasa- Pararaton dan Nagarakartagama. Informasi an beliau ketika bertugas di luar negeri. yang diberikan oleh Mula-Malurung banyak Pilihan terhadap sosok Gayatri sebagai bahan yang memperkuat atau bahkan memperjelas tulisan patut diacungi ibu jari karena beliau kisah dalam Pararaton, karena tidak semua tidak tergoda untuk mengangkat nama-nama hal kisah dalam Pararton tergambarkan besar dalam sejarah Majapahit, semisal Prabu dengan jelas dan justru beberapa menimbul- Wijaya, Hayam Wuruk, Patih Gajah Mada kan pertanyaan. ataupun kalau tokoh wanita, Tribhuana dan Silsilah raja-raja Singhasari me- Suhita yang lebih banyak perannya dalam nunjukkan bahwa semua cabang dalam sejarah kerajaan. Selanjutnya saya akan keluarga ini pernah memerintah3 dalam tahta sedikit berdiskusi dengan tulisan Prof. Drake Singhasari. Hal yang menarik bahwa politik melalui tulisan sederhana, karena jika me- perkawinan selain sebagai upaya konsolidasi lakuklan kontra tulisan memerlukan waktu dan meredam suksesi juga dapat berakibat panjang untuk mempersiapkan suatu proses berlawanan, yaitu penuntutan hak atas tahta. -
Nagarakretagama
THE "SAMAYA" OF BHARADAH AND KUTURAN* Soewito Santoso For those who have visited Bali, and for those who are conversant with the ancient history of Java, the names of Bharadah and Kuturan will not be unfamiliar. The former will simply remember how readily the Balinese refer to these figures. The latter, however, will recall the complex problems involved in interpreting the actions of these two men as recorded in the old literature of Java and Bali--the Nagarakre tagama , the Pararaton, the Calon-Arang, the Ramayana and so forth. Among these texts the Nagarakretagama is unique in that it is the only known manuscript dealing with the history of the kingdom of Maja- pahit (1292-1520) which was written when the kingdom was still at the height of its power.* 1 In their attempt to uncover the history of this once most powerful kingdom in Southeast Asia, scholars such as Brandes, Kern, Krom, Berg, Pigeaud and Poerbatjaraka have studied the Nagara kretagama carefully, but have inevitably come to conflicting conclu sions. The text has been published four times, most recently by Pigeaud, who supplied an extensive glossary and notes.2 But the last word has surely not yet been spoken. One of the central issues for these scholars has been the nature of the historical relations between Java and Bali. Since the reign of the eleventh century Javanese king, Erlanggya, Bali was off and on a dependency of Java. Berg, one of the most vigorous students of this relationship, has persistently expressed the view that the conquest of Bali by Majapahit during the reign of Hayam Wuruk was completely justi fied on the basis of an agreement {samaya) made earlier between Bhara dah and Kuturan at the time when Java was still ruled by Erlanggya. -
BAB III SETTING PENELITIAN A. Gambaran Umum Kota Malang 1
BAB III SETTING PENELITIAN A. Gambaran Umum Kota Malang 1. Sejarah Kota Malang Kota Malang terletak 90 km sebelah selatan Surabaya dan merupakan kota terbesar di kedua di Jawa Timur setelah Surabaya, serta merupakan salah satu kota terbesar di Indonesia menurut jumlah penduduk. Selain itu, Malang juga merupakan kota terbesar kedua di wilayah Pulau Jawa bagian selatan setelah Bandung. Kota Malang berada di dataran tinggi yang cukup sejuk, dan seluruh wilayahnya berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Malang. Luas wilayah kota Malang adalah 110,06[2] km2. Bersama dengan Kota Batu danKabupaten Malang, Kota Malang merupakan bagian dari kesatuan wilayah yang dikenal dengan Malang Raya (Wilayah Metropolitan Malang). Wilayah Malang Raya yang berpenduduk sekitar 4,5 juta jiwa, adalah kawasan metropolitan terbesar kedua di Jawa Timur setelah Gerbangkertosusila. Kawasan Malang Raya dikenal sebagai salah satu daerah tujuan wisata utama di Indonesia. Malang dikenal sebagai salah satu kota tujuan pendidikan terkemuka di Indonesia karena banyak universitas dan politeknik negeri maupun swasta yang terkenal hingga seluruh Indonesia dan menjadi salah satu tujuan pendidikan berada di kota ini, beberapa di antaranya yang paling terkenal adalah Universitas Brawijaya, Universitas Negeri Malang, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, dan Universitas Islam Malang. 45 Sebutan lain kota ini adalah kota bunga, dikarenakan pada zaman dahulu Malang dinilai sangat indah dan cantik dengan banyak pohon-pohon dan bunga yang berkembang dan tumbuh dengan indah dan asri. Malang juga dijuluki Parijs van Oost-Java, karena keindahan kotanya bagaikan kota "Paris" di timur Pulau Jawa. Selain itu, Malang juga mendapat julukan Zwitserland van Javakarena keindahan kotanya yang dikelilingi pegunungan serta tata kotanya yang rapi, menyamai negara Swiss di Eropa. -
T1 152016008 BAB IV.Pdf
BAB IV PEMBAHASAN 4.1. Kerajaan Majapahit Awal Kerajaan Majapahit merupakan salah satu kerajaan besar di Indonesia yang didirikan oleh Raden Wijaya yaitu menantu dari Kertanegara pada tahun 1293. Kerajaan Majapahit didirikan dengan usahanya sendiri bukan merupakan warisan dari Kertanegara. Kertanegara adalah raja terakhir Kerajaan Singasari sebelum runtuh akibat serangan Jayakatwang. Kertanegara dan permaisurinya wafat akibat serangan tersebut. Raden Wijaya dan pengikutnya melarikan diri dengan melakukan pengembaraan dari Rabut Carat ke Pamawaran, Trung, Kulwan, Kembang Sari,karena di wilayah ini Raden Wijaya dan pengikutnya dikejar musuh mereka berjalan kembali ke Desa Kudadu sampai akhirnya Raden Wijaya disarankan meminta bantuan Aria Wiraraja di Madura. Setelah tinggal beberapa waktu di Madura atau lebih tepatnya wilayah Aria Wiraraja, Raden Wijaya dan Aria Wiraraja menyusun siasat untuk merebut kekuasaan Jayakatwang. Dengan segala tipu muslihatnya, Raden Wijaya menyatakan seolah-olah takluk pada kekuasaan Jayakatwang. Takluknya Raden Wijaya diterima baik oleh Jayakatwang untuk mengabdi padanya. Raden Wijaya pun dihadiahi tanah Tarik yang waktu itu berupa hutan (sekarang Mojokerto) untuk menjadi daerah kedudukannya. Saat sedang melakukan pembukaan hutan Tarik, salah seorang pasukan Raden Wijaya menemukan buah maja. Raden Wijaya memakannya, tetapi ketika dimakan rasanya pahit. Oleh karena itu, wilayah hutan Tarik ini kemudian diberi nama Majapahit. Pada tahun 1293, tentara Tartar datang ke Jawa hendak menyerang Kertanegara karena telah melukai salah satu utusannya, namun Kertanegara sudah wafat. Pasukan Tartar dengan dibantu pasukan Raden Wijaya kemudian menyerang Jayakatwang dan berhasil menundukkan Jayakatwang. Kesempatan ini dimanfaatkan Raden Wijaya untuk menyerang balik tentara Tartar dan 8 memukul mundur tentara Tartar dari wilayah Singasari. Dengan berakhirnya kekuasaan Jayakatwang, Raden Wijaya menobatkan dirinya menjadi raja baru dengan nama kerajaan Majapahit. -
Perancangan Motion Graphic Ilustratif Mengenai Majapahit Untuk Pemuda-Pemudi
Jurnal Tingkat Sarjana bidang Senirupa dan Desain PERANCANGAN MOTION GRAPHIC ILUSTRATIF MENGENAI MAJAPAHIT UNTUK PEMUDA-PEMUDI Iman Satriaputra Sukarno DR. Pindi Setiawan, M.Si Program Studi Sarjana Desain Komunikasi Visual, Fakultas Seni Rupa dan Desain (FSRD) ITB Email: [email protected] Kata Kunci : motion graphic, majapahit, ilustratif, video, streaming, online Abstrak Majapahit adalah sebuah kerajaan maritim yang berpusat di Jawa Timur, Indonesia, yang pernah berdiri dari sekitar tahun 1293 hingga 1500 M. Kerajaan ini mencapai puncak kejayaannya menjadi kemaharajaan raya yang menguasai wilayah yang luas di Nusantara pada masa kekuasaan Hayam Wuruk, yang berkuasa dari tahun 1350 hingga 1389. Kerajaan Majapahit adalah kerajaan Hindu-Buddha terakhir yang menguasai Nusantara dan dianggap sebagai salah satu dari negara terbesar dalam sejarah Indonesia. Sejarah kerajaan ini sangatlah banyak dan menarik untuk dikaji, dengan tokoh-tokoh pendahulu kerajaan seperti Kertanegara dari Singasari, Adipati Jayakatwang, dan Raden Wijaya hingga tokoh-tokoh utama Majapahit itu sendiri seperti Raden Wijaya, Hayam Wuruk dan Mahapatih Gajah Mada memiliki nilai-nilai cerita yang menarik untuk diceritakan. Dengan sebuah Motion graphic Ilustratif mengenai Majapahit yang ditujukan untuk Pemuda-pemudi, diharapkan bisa membuat pemuda-pemudi menjadi tertarik dengan budaya dan konten lokal. Diharapkan juga dengan adanya motion graphic ilustratif yang akan disebarkan melalui situs-situs streaming video di internet seperti youtube.com dan vimeo.com, konten lokal ini akan mendapat ketertarikan dari mancanegara yang cukup sehingga bisa menjadi konten global. Abstract Majapahit was a maritime empire with it’s seat of power located in East Java, Indonesia. It stood from about 1293 to 1500 AD. The kingdom reached it’s height of power, it’s golden age during Hayam Wuruk’s reign which lasted from 1350 to 1389 AD, becoming a vast imperium that controlled a large portion of Southeast Asia, with it’s bulk in modern day Indonesia. -
J. Noorduyn Majapahit in the Fifteenth Century In: Bijdragen Tot
J. Noorduyn Majapahit in the fifteenth century In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 134 (1978), no: 2/3, Leiden, 207-274 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com10/09/2021 12:03:09PM via free access J. NOORDUYN MAJAPAHIT IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY* Introduction If the name Majapahit evokes a picture of a powerful empire politically and culturally dominating the whole of the Indonesian Archipelago, it is invariably the image of Majapahit as it flourished in the fourteenth century that presents itself to the mind, Majapahit as it was in the time of its great king Hayam Wuruk (1350-1389) and his still greater minis- ter Gajah Mada (d. 1364), in the time of the famous poets Prapafica and Tantular, and of the sculptors of such reliëfs as have been preserved on the Surawana, Tigawangi and Këdaton temples. This golden age of Majapahit, however, was followed by a much longer period which, in contrast with the former, has been described as an age of decline and disintegration. The final chapter of Krom's still unsurpassed Hindu-Javanese History (1931:426-467) bears the ominous title "Decline and Fall of the Hindu-Javanese Power", and is pervaded by the idea Üiat Java's history of the fifteenth century was characterized by the unmistakably progressive decline of the previously unrivalled power of Majapahit. * The research on the subject of the present article was begun in 1969, and progressed slowly and intermittently in the few spare hours available for it in the years after that. -
Lost Classic Civilization
Sukoreno Site: Lost Classic Civilization Ainur Rohimah1, Joni Wibowo2, Ricky Yulius Kristian3, Fitri Nura Murti4 1 Indonesia Education Language and Arts Departments Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jember, Indonesia 2 History Education Departments Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jember, Indonesia 3 Elementary Education Departments Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jember, Indonesia 4 Indonesia Education Language and Arts Departments Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jember, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract : The discovery of Statue and Red Bricks (Bata Abang) located in Sukoreno Village. The Red Brick in Sukoreno site has scattered in settlements and suspected that many Red Bricks has been crushed by residents. Being a cultural heritage of the past, this site needs deep attention and is very important to be studied as an Indonesian nation's self-image. The researcher used the folklore method to uncover the surrounding of the cultural and historical context. In addition, through physiological comparative studies, the shape and characteristics of decapitated statue and red bricks with Majapahit relics in Trowulan, it is found that decapitated statues (Sukoreno statues) have physiological characteristics (shapes and models) that are similar to the Nandiswara or Mahakala statues. The first identification lead the researcher how the connection of the Sukoreno Site with The East Majapahit Kingdom. This effort is expected to be able to support the development of the cultural tourism area in Jember Regency and contribute to the retention of assets of national culture, especially the culture of the people in Jember. This research concludes that The Sukoreno Site as an important area and assume The Sukoreno Site as a palace. -
HISTORIOGRAPHY of INDONESIAN ISLAM (Historical Analysis of the T
IJISH (International Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities) p-ISSN 2614-3836 | e-ISSN 2615-7403 First Received: 5 January 2018 Final Proof Received: 30 March 2018 HISTORIOGRAPHY OF INDONESIAN ISLAM (Historical Analysis of the Transitional Era of Social and Political System in Java in the 15-16th Century and the Contribution of Javanese Kings in Islamization) Ali Sunarso Email : [email protected] Universitas Negeri Semarang ABSTRACT This writing explained about the social, economic, and political Keywords background around the local leaders which happened when there was Historiography; political power change in harbors of Java north seashores throughout Indonesian the 15th century. This explanation could make clear about the process Islam; of Islamic settle through the politic power shift from Hindu-Budha Imam-mollah; to Muslim leaders in Java north seashores to be something which was Trade; plausible. The above description has ignored the social, economic, Politic; and political contexts in the societies, where the king lives and leads. This description also assumed that it was not important about the marriage relationship among Muslim sellers with princesses and between infidel leaders with Muslim leaders‘ daughter in other places. A special discussion should be made to make the religious and political change to be more made sense. The way was by looking at the religious change of the area leaders as the last process of Islamic political era. The roles of imam-mollah enabled them to have practical politic activity and have high position in the activity that was as king‘s adviser. The role of imam-mollah as king‘s adviser was seen as the arousing of big position and role of the Brahmin and social politic system of Hindu-Budha in Indonesia. -
Majapahit Empire Srivijaya Empire
CLASS SET CLASS SET CLASS SET Majapahit Empire The Hindu-Buddhist Majapahit Empire ruled from the 13th to the 16th centuries. At its height, the empire contained much of modern-day Indonesia, as well as some territory on the Southeast Asian mainland. Information on the Majapahit Empire is scarce and comes primarily from inscriptions on Javanese buildings and Chinese records. The first Majapahit king, Vijaya, took the throne in 1292, ruling from the capital, also named Majapahit, on the Brantas River on the island of East Java. For the next 200 years, the same family maintained control of the empire. The Majapahit Empire had a period of rapid expansion in the 14th century, conquering Bali in 1343 and maintaining vassal states in Sumatra, Kalimantan, and the Malay Peninsula. However, during the 15th century, a series of rebellions, civil wars, and intrafamily rivalries weakened the ruling family's power. As a result, Majapahit influence declined sharply, and the region became dominated under the sultanate of Malacca, which divided Indonesia and Malaysia. The culture of the Majapahit Empire was strongly influenced by a Hindu-Buddhist religious tradition. The Majapahits worshipped the Hindu gods Shiva and Vishnu but were also influenced by Buddhism, so they fused the two belief systems in the name they called their king: Shiva-Buddha. Religious art was fostered under the Majapahits, including elaborate temples and religious statuary. Other art forms of the period included painting and wood carving. The Majapahit culture reached its height—considered the golden age of the Majapahit—during the reign of King Hayam Wuruk, also known as King Rajasanagana, who ruled from 1350 to 1389. -
Application of the Concept of Critical Toponymies to Street Name Changes in Bandung, Yogyakarta, and Surabaya
Fajar Erikha, ApplicationParadigma of The ConceptJurnal Kajianof Critical Budaya Toponymies Vol. 11to StreetNo. 1 Name(2021): Changes 25–41 In Bandung, 25 APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF CRITICAL TOPONYMIES TO STREET NAME CHANGES IN BANDUNG, YOGYAKARTA, AND SURABAYA Fajar Erikha Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya, Universitas Indonesia; [email protected] DOI: 10.17510/paradigma.v11i1.373 ABSTRACT From 2017 to 2019, a number of street names were changed in Yogyakarta, Bandung and Surabaya City by each Provincial Government for the purpose of celebrating the reconciliation between the Sundanese (West Java) and the Javanese (Central Java, East Java, and Yogyakarta) after years of dispute due to the infamous Bubat Tragedy which occurred in the 14th century. Some existing street names in Yogyakarta and Surabaya were changed to those associated with Sundanese history, such as Jalan Padjadjaran and Jalan Siliwangi, while some existing street names in Bandung were changed to those associated with Javanese history, such as Jalan Majapahit and Jalan Hayam Wuruk. The author explores this phenomenon using the concept of critical toponymies and examines the connections between naming, place-making, and power underlying such policy. This study found that, although the changes were made with good intentions, in some cases this was actually opposed by several factions within the local community because those changes could obliterate the historical significance and collective memory represented by the previous names. From theoretical perspective, this paper also discussed the successful and unsuccessful changes of street names, as well as their relevance to the current context. In other words, our findings can be taken into consideration in future policy-making process.