DOCSLIB.ORG

In the Footsteps of Hayam Wuruk

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In the Footsteps of Hayam Wuruk IIAS_NL#39 09-12-2005 17:00 Pagina 17 > Research Rocks washed by the sea as Hayam Wuruk probably saw them at the cape of Tanjung Papuma. courtesy of author In the footsteps of Hayam Wuruk In the Old Javanese text Nagarakertagama or Desawarnana (1365), the Buddhist poet Prapanca describes King Hayam Wuruk’s journey through East Java in 1359. We followed the royal tracks in a 900-kilometer jeep expedition in June 2005 and discovered that many of the places can still be identified. Amrit Gomperts Renes, the caravan passed through a for- descending the steep ravine is impossi- cape of Tanjung Papuma, nowadays a human hands on the southern shore of est referred to as Jati Gumelar or ‘spread ble. Thus, in 1359, the wooden or bam- small tourist resort. The rocks jutting up Ranu Segaran, in front of a terraced gar- out teak trees’ (DW 23.1). The Dutch boo bridge may have been in a moul- close to the beach remain as Hayam den; this site may well indicate the loca- he expedition departed from the topographic maps show details of vege- dering state but it could not have been Wuruk may have seen them (see photo- tion of the bwat ranten. Tcourt of Majapahit, during the day tation that locate the forest near the vil- entirely in tatters. Such bridges chal- graph). of the full moon on 8 September 1359. lage of Tasnan which my Javanese trav- lenge our archaeological imagination. At the end of the journey, the royal car- The royal caravan drove in ox-carts, with el companions recognized as jati ‘teak’. Close to this location, Prapanca’s topo- Prapanca’s (DW 32-33) lyrical descrip- avan headed for the court of Majapahit. dozens or possibly hundreds of follow- Prapanca also distinguishes irrigated graphical reference pasawahan or ‘area tion of the Siwaite forest hermitage of Prapanca, however, turned off for Rabut ers on foot; together they covered over rice-fields (sawah) and non-irrigated of irrigated rice fields’ suddenly Sagara is aptly expressed in the follow- Tugu to where his own family lived in 900 kilometres in two months. fields (tegal) which are also marked on appeared before us (DW 21.2). On both ing excerpts from Robson’s translation pahyangan, ‘the area of worship’ (DW maps. We were able to identify the road sides of the descending road that leads (1995:46-47). My additional interpreta- 59.1). Kern’s identification of Rabut R.A. Kern’s overlooked but nearly com- that Hayam Wuruk took to the city of from the ravine of Bobo Runting, sawah tions are in brackets [...]: Tugu with the village of Sumbertugu plete map of Hayam Wuruk’s journey Singhasari from the poet’s reference to extended into the plains as far as the eye appears well founded. A farmer of the (Kern 1927) provided the basic data for tegal (DW 38.2). could see. When the King departed to go on, it settlement of Sumbertugu showed us a our venture. Consultation of 500 Dutch was the forest hermitage of Sagara that stone pillar on a venerated spot amidst and Indonesian small-scale topo- Prapanca’s terminology may include Medieval tourists he headed for.... the maize fields. Locals refer to the loca- graphic sheets of the area verified and both toponyms and geographical The poet continues with the description It was splendid and extraordinary, in tion as Pepunden Tugu or ‘sacred land appended Kern’s work. Sixty per cent descriptions, and some distinctions can of a pleasure trip of Hayam Wuruk to the midst of the wooded mountains, its with pillar’, which is synonymous with of the two hundred place names and only be verified in the field. For exam- the shore of the Indian Ocean. This is layout bewilderingly beautiful.... Rabut Tugu. We left the pillar untouched topographical descriptions mentioned ple, Pakalyan is the name of a river, but the only part of the journey not includ- The bwat ranten pavilion bore several for the archaeologists. by Prapanca could be identified from the Old Javanese word pakalyan also ed on Kern’s map (Bullough 2004:19). paintings of stories and had a base of maps only. denotes a ‘river-bed’. As the riverbed Prapanca did not attend the trip (DW stone, polished and high; Much remains to be done on the geo- itself is jumbled with rocks, the royal 22.4-5), but he versified the words of Flowers of the nagakusuma tree lay graphical and archaeological aspects of We determined a geodetical datum for party must have travelled along the road someone else, expressed in Robson’s thick in the yard, the [shore-]side[s] Hayam Wuruk’s journey. With all Dutch Java and converted geographical coor- following the river of Pekalen (Robson translation as follows (1995:41): (tira) of which was [were] lined with a cartographic material of Java now freely dinates from Dutch topographical maps 1995:115). wall. ... available on the website of the Royal (1915-1942) into the current standard. Departing from there the King came And all the hermits and especially the Tropical Institute in Amsterdam Finally, we entered all the geographical A second example: the Javanese under- directly to Kuta Bacok where he dis- nuns, young and old, were virtuous (www.kit.nl), and because GPS technol- coordinates into a GPS satellite naviga- standing of the word jurang is more ported himself on the shore, and clever.... ogy is increasingly affordable, further tion system. A few highlights of our elaborate than just ‘ravine’. My Javanese Absorbed in looking at the rocks The young and pretty hermit-girls fieldwork is within easy reach. Finally, findings are sketched on the map below companions showed me that it may also engulfed by waves with showers of spray remained behind pining every one. archaeological research – and funding with references to Prapanca’s text refer to a river running through a ravine resembling rain. – is urgent to prevent the reduction of Desawarnana (DW; Brandes 1902). but crossed by a bridge. Following The toponym Sagara is geographically the subject to historical geography. < Kern’s map, we passed over modern The unusual term bacok, literally mean- associated with the area around Ranu Places not found on the maps bridges spanning impressive ravines. ing ‘chopped-off’, appears on one of our Segaran – literally ‘lake of Segaran’. The References A number of Prapanca’s toponyms The royal party must have traversed the Dutch topographic maps as the name of region comprises a total of five crater - Brandes, J.L.A. 1902. Nagarakertagama. could only be traced in the field. A place four jurang dalem or ‘deep ravines’ of the the village Gunung Bacok. We found it lakes with a diameter of 750 meters in a Lofdicht van Prapantja op Koning Rasad- called Daleman identified by Kern does river of Sampean (Robson 1995:112). near a stone quarry to which several remote and wooded area that retains its janagara, Hajam Wuruk, van Madjapahit. not appear on any of the detailed maps Such crossings would have required families of the village have long held the poetic beauty. The yard’s wall possibly Batavia: Landsdrukkerij. (DW 31.1). With the help of local farm- bridges spanning 50 meters strong male hereditary right of exploration. The stood on the shore (tira) of a lake. Zoet- - Bullough, Nigel. 2004. Menulusuri Jalan ers we found Daleman – a small run- enough to carry ox-carts. Another such excavated boulders are sold as house mulder (1982:1504) has suggested that Perjalanan Raja Hayam Wuruk ke Lama- ning spring amidst rice fields – along ravine is Bobo Runting which literally fundaments, offering an obvious expla- ranten might be the Old Javanese high jang pada Tahun 1281 r. Unpublished the road between Besuki and Binor. We means ‘mouldered and in tatters’ (DW nation for the etymology of the village speech form of the word ranu ‘lake’. paper, State University of Surabaya, 12 Feb- also were told that an ancient stone stat- 21.2). We identified it as the bridge name. In the 14th century, there was a Therefore, in combination with the cur- ruary. ue of a goddess, said to include an crossing the river of Sawaran near the hill with a kuta bacok ‘chopped-off peak’. rent toponym ‘lake of Segaran’ and the - Kern, R.A. 1927. De Reis van Koning Hajam inscription, had disappeared from the village of Juranglor, literally ‘North of the Today, after 650 years of excavating, it reference to shore (tira), the Old Woeroek door Lamadjang in 1359 A.D. Tijd- spot in 2004, suggesting that the place Ravine’. Today, piles support the con- has been reduced into a gunung gacok Javanese bwat ranten probably denotes schrift van het Koninklijk Nederlandsch may be of archaeological importance. crete bridge. There is no other road that ‘chopped-off hill’. From here, it is eight a ‘lake-pavilion’. Furthermore, the Genootschap 44:613-624. the caravan could have taken, and kilometres to the white beaches at the female hermits must have had access to - Robson, S.O. 1995. Desawarnana (Naga- The village of Balerah, which was passed water for drinking and sanitation pur- rakartagama) by Mpu Prapañca. Leiden: by the royal party to the east of the town poses. Of the five lakes, we found out KITLV Press. of Pasuruan, also does not appear on our from villagers that only the water of the - Zoetmulder, P.J. (and S.O. Robson). 1982. topographic sheets (DW 21.1). Neigh- lake of Ranu Segaran is potable. There- Old Javanese-English Dictionary. ’s-Graven- bouring villagers, however, recognized fore, the geographical location of the hage: Nijhoff.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Concise Ancient History of Indonesia.Pdf
    CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDONESIA CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY O F INDONESIA BY SATYAWATI SULEIMAN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION JAKARTA Copyright by The Archaeological Foundation ]or The National Archaeological Institute 1974 Sponsored by The Ford Foundation Printed by Djambatan — Jakarta Percetakan Endang CONTENTS Preface • • VI I. The Prehistory of Indonesia 1 Early man ; The Foodgathering Stage or Palaeolithic ; The Developed Stage of Foodgathering or Epi-Palaeo- lithic ; The Foodproducing Stage or Neolithic ; The Stage of Craftsmanship or The Early Metal Stage. II. The first contacts with Hinduism and Buddhism 10 III. The first inscriptions 14 IV. Sumatra — The rise of Srivijaya 16 V. Sanjayas and Shailendras 19 VI. Shailendras in Sumatra • •.. 23 VII. Java from 860 A.D. to the 12th century • • 27 VIII. Singhasari • • 30 IX. Majapahit 33 X. The Nusantara : The other islands 38 West Java ; Bali ; Sumatra ; Kalimantan. Bibliography 52 V PREFACE This book is intended to serve as a framework for the ancient history of Indonesia in a concise form. Published for the first time more than a decade ago as a booklet in a modest cyclostyled shape by the Cultural Department of the Indonesian Embassy in India, it has been revised several times in Jakarta in the same form to keep up to date with new discoveries and current theories. Since it seemed to have filled a need felt by foreigners as well as Indonesians to obtain an elementary knowledge of Indonesia's past, it has been thought wise to publish it now in a printed form with the aim to reach a larger public than before.
    [Show full text]
  • Accounting and Accountability Strategies of Gajah Mada's
    IOSR Journal of Economics and Finance (IOSR-JEF) e-ISSN: 2321-5933, p-ISSN: 2321-5925.Volume 5, Issue 6. Ver. I (Nov.-Dec. 2014), PP 19-24 www.iosrjournals.org Accounting and Accountability Strategies of Gajah Mada’s Government: Analysis of Power – Knowledge Calysta Dessi Rosyinadia1 , EG Sukoharsono2 , A Djamhuri3 1 Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Brawijaya. Malang-Indonesia 2 Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Brawijaya. Malang-Indonesia 3 Faculty of Economic and Business, University of Brawijaya. Malang-Indonesia Abstract: This study is aimed to more deeply analyze the history of accounting in Indonesia, particularly in the Majapahit empire in the reign of Gajah Mada as the mahapatih (Prime Minister). The role of Gajah Mada in the establishment of the unity of archipelago has a significant contribution to the development of the accounting ideas in Indonesia. In addition to the expansion of the territory expressed in the Palapa oath, Gajah Mada committed to his own mission to improve the economy of Majapahit Empire. Gajah Mada’s accounting strategy is one of successful strategy that formed Indonesian archipelago. In the age of Gajah Mada, Majapahit was one of the biggest ports with biggest warehouse in Asia frequently transited by foreigners from various countries. Moreover, Gajah Mada used his power to formulate legislation governing Majapahit taxes and penalties. In the Gajah Mada reign, Majapahit Empire is levied kinds of taxes, namely: (a) trade tax, (b) tax for foreigner, (c) exit-premit tax,(d) land tax, and (e) arts tax. Keywords: Gajah Mada, Accounting History of Indonesia, Foucault Power-Knowledge Framework I.
    [Show full text]
  • Gayatri Dalam Sejarah Singhasari Dan Majapahit1
    16 SEJARAH DAN BUDAYA, Tahun Ketujuh, Nomor 2, Desember 2013 GAYATRI DALAM SEJARAH SINGHASARI DAN MAJAPAHIT1 Deny Yudo Wahyudi1 Jurusan Sejarah FIS Universitas Negeri Malang Abstrak: Gayatri is an important woman figure in history of Majapahit. As a main family member, she had central role, although her role is invisible. Her status as Rajapatni gave her a big power, so she ascended her husband’s throne after her son in law, who has no son, died. Her Pendharmaan becomes an important source to be studied because of its vague of supporting data. Key Words: Gayatri, history, Singhasari, Majapahit Pergulatan menarik ditunjukkan Prof. Drake Singhasari sebagai pendahulu raja-raja (mantan Diplomat Canada) ketika akan Majapahit. Sumber lain selama ini hanya memilih tema tulisan sejarah sebagai kebiasa- Pararaton dan Nagarakartagama. Informasi an beliau ketika bertugas di luar negeri. yang diberikan oleh Mula-Malurung banyak Pilihan terhadap sosok Gayatri sebagai bahan yang memperkuat atau bahkan memperjelas tulisan patut diacungi ibu jari karena beliau kisah dalam Pararaton, karena tidak semua tidak tergoda untuk mengangkat nama-nama hal kisah dalam Pararton tergambarkan besar dalam sejarah Majapahit, semisal Prabu dengan jelas dan justru beberapa menimbul- Wijaya, Hayam Wuruk, Patih Gajah Mada kan pertanyaan. ataupun kalau tokoh wanita, Tribhuana dan Silsilah raja-raja Singhasari me- Suhita yang lebih banyak perannya dalam nunjukkan bahwa semua cabang dalam sejarah kerajaan. Selanjutnya saya akan keluarga ini pernah memerintah3 dalam tahta sedikit berdiskusi dengan tulisan Prof. Drake Singhasari. Hal yang menarik bahwa politik melalui tulisan sederhana, karena jika me- perkawinan selain sebagai upaya konsolidasi lakuklan kontra tulisan memerlukan waktu dan meredam suksesi juga dapat berakibat panjang untuk mempersiapkan suatu proses berlawanan, yaitu penuntutan hak atas tahta.
    [Show full text]
  • Nagarakretagama
    THE "SAMAYA" OF BHARADAH AND KUTURAN* Soewito Santoso For those who have visited Bali, and for those who are conversant with the ancient history of Java, the names of Bharadah and Kuturan will not be unfamiliar. The former will simply remember how readily the Balinese refer to these figures. The latter, however, will recall the complex problems involved in interpreting the actions of these two men as recorded in the old literature of Java and Bali--the Nagarakre­ tagama , the Pararaton, the Calon-Arang, the Ramayana and so forth. Among these texts the Nagarakretagama is unique in that it is the only known manuscript dealing with the history of the kingdom of Maja- pahit (1292-1520) which was written when the kingdom was still at the height of its power.* 1 In their attempt to uncover the history of this once most powerful kingdom in Southeast Asia, scholars such as Brandes, Kern, Krom, Berg, Pigeaud and Poerbatjaraka have studied the Nagara­ kretagama carefully, but have inevitably come to conflicting conclu­ sions. The text has been published four times, most recently by Pigeaud, who supplied an extensive glossary and notes.2 But the last word has surely not yet been spoken. One of the central issues for these scholars has been the nature of the historical relations between Java and Bali. Since the reign of the eleventh century Javanese king, Erlanggya, Bali was off and on a dependency of Java. Berg, one of the most vigorous students of this relationship, has persistently expressed the view that the conquest of Bali by Majapahit during the reign of Hayam Wuruk was completely justi­ fied on the basis of an agreement {samaya) made earlier between Bhara­ dah and Kuturan at the time when Java was still ruled by Erlanggya.
    [Show full text]
  • BAB III SETTING PENELITIAN A. Gambaran Umum Kota Malang 1
    BAB III SETTING PENELITIAN A. Gambaran Umum Kota Malang 1. Sejarah Kota Malang Kota Malang terletak 90 km sebelah selatan Surabaya dan merupakan kota terbesar di kedua di Jawa Timur setelah Surabaya, serta merupakan salah satu kota terbesar di Indonesia menurut jumlah penduduk. Selain itu, Malang juga merupakan kota terbesar kedua di wilayah Pulau Jawa bagian selatan setelah Bandung. Kota Malang berada di dataran tinggi yang cukup sejuk, dan seluruh wilayahnya berbatasan dengan Kabupaten Malang. Luas wilayah kota Malang adalah 110,06[2] km2. Bersama dengan Kota Batu danKabupaten Malang, Kota Malang merupakan bagian dari kesatuan wilayah yang dikenal dengan Malang Raya (Wilayah Metropolitan Malang). Wilayah Malang Raya yang berpenduduk sekitar 4,5 juta jiwa, adalah kawasan metropolitan terbesar kedua di Jawa Timur setelah Gerbangkertosusila. Kawasan Malang Raya dikenal sebagai salah satu daerah tujuan wisata utama di Indonesia. Malang dikenal sebagai salah satu kota tujuan pendidikan terkemuka di Indonesia karena banyak universitas dan politeknik negeri maupun swasta yang terkenal hingga seluruh Indonesia dan menjadi salah satu tujuan pendidikan berada di kota ini, beberapa di antaranya yang paling terkenal adalah Universitas Brawijaya, Universitas Negeri Malang, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, dan Universitas Islam Malang. 45 Sebutan lain kota ini adalah kota bunga, dikarenakan pada zaman dahulu Malang dinilai sangat indah dan cantik dengan banyak pohon-pohon dan bunga yang berkembang dan tumbuh dengan indah dan asri. Malang juga dijuluki Parijs van Oost-Java, karena keindahan kotanya bagaikan kota "Paris" di timur Pulau Jawa. Selain itu, Malang juga mendapat julukan Zwitserland van Javakarena keindahan kotanya yang dikelilingi pegunungan serta tata kotanya yang rapi, menyamai negara Swiss di Eropa.
    [Show full text]
  • T1 152016008 BAB IV.Pdf
    BAB IV PEMBAHASAN 4.1. Kerajaan Majapahit Awal Kerajaan Majapahit merupakan salah satu kerajaan besar di Indonesia yang didirikan oleh Raden Wijaya yaitu menantu dari Kertanegara pada tahun 1293. Kerajaan Majapahit didirikan dengan usahanya sendiri bukan merupakan warisan dari Kertanegara. Kertanegara adalah raja terakhir Kerajaan Singasari sebelum runtuh akibat serangan Jayakatwang. Kertanegara dan permaisurinya wafat akibat serangan tersebut. Raden Wijaya dan pengikutnya melarikan diri dengan melakukan pengembaraan dari Rabut Carat ke Pamawaran, Trung, Kulwan, Kembang Sari,karena di wilayah ini Raden Wijaya dan pengikutnya dikejar musuh mereka berjalan kembali ke Desa Kudadu sampai akhirnya Raden Wijaya disarankan meminta bantuan Aria Wiraraja di Madura. Setelah tinggal beberapa waktu di Madura atau lebih tepatnya wilayah Aria Wiraraja, Raden Wijaya dan Aria Wiraraja menyusun siasat untuk merebut kekuasaan Jayakatwang. Dengan segala tipu muslihatnya, Raden Wijaya menyatakan seolah-olah takluk pada kekuasaan Jayakatwang. Takluknya Raden Wijaya diterima baik oleh Jayakatwang untuk mengabdi padanya. Raden Wijaya pun dihadiahi tanah Tarik yang waktu itu berupa hutan (sekarang Mojokerto) untuk menjadi daerah kedudukannya. Saat sedang melakukan pembukaan hutan Tarik, salah seorang pasukan Raden Wijaya menemukan buah maja. Raden Wijaya memakannya, tetapi ketika dimakan rasanya pahit. Oleh karena itu, wilayah hutan Tarik ini kemudian diberi nama Majapahit. Pada tahun 1293, tentara Tartar datang ke Jawa hendak menyerang Kertanegara karena telah melukai salah satu utusannya, namun Kertanegara sudah wafat. Pasukan Tartar dengan dibantu pasukan Raden Wijaya kemudian menyerang Jayakatwang dan berhasil menundukkan Jayakatwang. Kesempatan ini dimanfaatkan Raden Wijaya untuk menyerang balik tentara Tartar dan 8 memukul mundur tentara Tartar dari wilayah Singasari. Dengan berakhirnya kekuasaan Jayakatwang, Raden Wijaya menobatkan dirinya menjadi raja baru dengan nama kerajaan Majapahit.
    [Show full text]
  • Perancangan Motion Graphic Ilustratif Mengenai Majapahit Untuk Pemuda-Pemudi
    Jurnal Tingkat Sarjana bidang Senirupa dan Desain PERANCANGAN MOTION GRAPHIC ILUSTRATIF MENGENAI MAJAPAHIT UNTUK PEMUDA-PEMUDI Iman Satriaputra Sukarno DR. Pindi Setiawan, M.Si Program Studi Sarjana Desain Komunikasi Visual, Fakultas Seni Rupa dan Desain (FSRD) ITB Email: [email protected] Kata Kunci : motion graphic, majapahit, ilustratif, video, streaming, online Abstrak Majapahit adalah sebuah kerajaan maritim yang berpusat di Jawa Timur, Indonesia, yang pernah berdiri dari sekitar tahun 1293 hingga 1500 M. Kerajaan ini mencapai puncak kejayaannya menjadi kemaharajaan raya yang menguasai wilayah yang luas di Nusantara pada masa kekuasaan Hayam Wuruk, yang berkuasa dari tahun 1350 hingga 1389. Kerajaan Majapahit adalah kerajaan Hindu-Buddha terakhir yang menguasai Nusantara dan dianggap sebagai salah satu dari negara terbesar dalam sejarah Indonesia. Sejarah kerajaan ini sangatlah banyak dan menarik untuk dikaji, dengan tokoh-tokoh pendahulu kerajaan seperti Kertanegara dari Singasari, Adipati Jayakatwang, dan Raden Wijaya hingga tokoh-tokoh utama Majapahit itu sendiri seperti Raden Wijaya, Hayam Wuruk dan Mahapatih Gajah Mada memiliki nilai-nilai cerita yang menarik untuk diceritakan. Dengan sebuah Motion graphic Ilustratif mengenai Majapahit yang ditujukan untuk Pemuda-pemudi, diharapkan bisa membuat pemuda-pemudi menjadi tertarik dengan budaya dan konten lokal. Diharapkan juga dengan adanya motion graphic ilustratif yang akan disebarkan melalui situs-situs streaming video di internet seperti youtube.com dan vimeo.com, konten lokal ini akan mendapat ketertarikan dari mancanegara yang cukup sehingga bisa menjadi konten global. Abstract Majapahit was a maritime empire with it’s seat of power located in East Java, Indonesia. It stood from about 1293 to 1500 AD. The kingdom reached it’s height of power, it’s golden age during Hayam Wuruk’s reign which lasted from 1350 to 1389 AD, becoming a vast imperium that controlled a large portion of Southeast Asia, with it’s bulk in modern day Indonesia.
    [Show full text]
  • J. Noorduyn Majapahit in the Fifteenth Century In: Bijdragen Tot
    J. Noorduyn Majapahit in the fifteenth century In: Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 134 (1978), no: 2/3, Leiden, 207-274 This PDF-file was downloaded from http://www.kitlv-journals.nl Downloaded from Brill.com10/09/2021 12:03:09PM via free access J. NOORDUYN MAJAPAHIT IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY* Introduction If the name Majapahit evokes a picture of a powerful empire politically and culturally dominating the whole of the Indonesian Archipelago, it is invariably the image of Majapahit as it flourished in the fourteenth century that presents itself to the mind, Majapahit as it was in the time of its great king Hayam Wuruk (1350-1389) and his still greater minis- ter Gajah Mada (d. 1364), in the time of the famous poets Prapafica and Tantular, and of the sculptors of such reliëfs as have been preserved on the Surawana, Tigawangi and Këdaton temples. This golden age of Majapahit, however, was followed by a much longer period which, in contrast with the former, has been described as an age of decline and disintegration. The final chapter of Krom's still unsurpassed Hindu-Javanese History (1931:426-467) bears the ominous title "Decline and Fall of the Hindu-Javanese Power", and is pervaded by the idea Üiat Java's history of the fifteenth century was characterized by the unmistakably progressive decline of the previously unrivalled power of Majapahit. * The research on the subject of the present article was begun in 1969, and progressed slowly and intermittently in the few spare hours available for it in the years after that.
    [Show full text]
  • Lost Classic Civilization
    Sukoreno Site: Lost Classic Civilization Ainur Rohimah1, Joni Wibowo2, Ricky Yulius Kristian3, Fitri Nura Murti4 1 Indonesia Education Language and Arts Departments Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jember, Indonesia 2 History Education Departments Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jember, Indonesia 3 Elementary Education Departments Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jember, Indonesia 4 Indonesia Education Language and Arts Departments Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Jember, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract : The discovery of Statue and Red Bricks (Bata Abang) located in Sukoreno Village. The Red Brick in Sukoreno site has scattered in settlements and suspected that many Red Bricks has been crushed by residents. Being a cultural heritage of the past, this site needs deep attention and is very important to be studied as an Indonesian nation's self-image. The researcher used the folklore method to uncover the surrounding of the cultural and historical context. In addition, through physiological comparative studies, the shape and characteristics of decapitated statue and red bricks with Majapahit relics in Trowulan, it is found that decapitated statues (Sukoreno statues) have physiological characteristics (shapes and models) that are similar to the Nandiswara or Mahakala statues. The first identification lead the researcher how the connection of the Sukoreno Site with The East Majapahit Kingdom. This effort is expected to be able to support the development of the cultural tourism area in Jember Regency and contribute to the retention of assets of national culture, especially the culture of the people in Jember. This research concludes that The Sukoreno Site as an important area and assume The Sukoreno Site as a palace.
    [Show full text]
  • HISTORIOGRAPHY of INDONESIAN ISLAM (Historical Analysis of the T
    IJISH (International Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities) p-ISSN 2614-3836 | e-ISSN 2615-7403 First Received: 5 January 2018 Final Proof Received: 30 March 2018 HISTORIOGRAPHY OF INDONESIAN ISLAM (Historical Analysis of the Transitional Era of Social and Political System in Java in the 15-16th Century and the Contribution of Javanese Kings in Islamization) Ali Sunarso Email : [email protected] Universitas Negeri Semarang ABSTRACT This writing explained about the social, economic, and political Keywords background around the local leaders which happened when there was Historiography; political power change in harbors of Java north seashores throughout Indonesian the 15th century. This explanation could make clear about the process Islam; of Islamic settle through the politic power shift from Hindu-Budha Imam-mollah; to Muslim leaders in Java north seashores to be something which was Trade; plausible. The above description has ignored the social, economic, Politic; and political contexts in the societies, where the king lives and leads. This description also assumed that it was not important about the marriage relationship among Muslim sellers with princesses and between infidel leaders with Muslim leaders‘ daughter in other places. A special discussion should be made to make the religious and political change to be more made sense. The way was by looking at the religious change of the area leaders as the last process of Islamic political era. The roles of imam-mollah enabled them to have practical politic activity and have high position in the activity that was as king‘s adviser. The role of imam-mollah as king‘s adviser was seen as the arousing of big position and role of the Brahmin and social politic system of Hindu-Budha in Indonesia.
    [Show full text]
  • Majapahit Empire Srivijaya Empire
    CLASS SET CLASS SET CLASS SET Majapahit Empire The Hindu-Buddhist Majapahit Empire ruled from the 13th to the 16th centuries. At its height, the empire contained much of modern-day Indonesia, as well as some territory on the Southeast Asian mainland. Information on the Majapahit Empire is scarce and comes primarily from inscriptions on Javanese buildings and Chinese records. The first Majapahit king, Vijaya, took the throne in 1292, ruling from the capital, also named Majapahit, on the Brantas River on the island of East Java. For the next 200 years, the same family maintained control of the empire. The Majapahit Empire had a period of rapid expansion in the 14th century, conquering Bali in 1343 and maintaining vassal states in Sumatra, Kalimantan, and the Malay Peninsula. However, during the 15th century, a series of rebellions, civil wars, and intrafamily rivalries weakened the ruling family's power. As a result, Majapahit influence declined sharply, and the region became dominated under the sultanate of Malacca, which divided Indonesia and Malaysia. The culture of the Majapahit Empire was strongly influenced by a Hindu-Buddhist religious tradition. The Majapahits worshipped the Hindu gods Shiva and Vishnu but were also influenced by Buddhism, so they fused the two belief systems in the name they called their king: Shiva-Buddha. Religious art was fostered under the Majapahits, including elaborate temples and religious statuary. Other art forms of the period included painting and wood carving. The Majapahit culture reached its height—considered the golden age of the Majapahit—during the reign of King Hayam Wuruk, also known as King Rajasanagana, who ruled from 1350 to 1389.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of the Concept of Critical Toponymies to Street Name Changes in Bandung, Yogyakarta, and Surabaya
    Fajar Erikha, ApplicationParadigma of The ConceptJurnal Kajianof Critical Budaya Toponymies Vol. 11to StreetNo. 1 Name(2021): Changes 25–41 In Bandung, 25 APPLICATION OF THE CONCEPT OF CRITICAL TOPONYMIES TO STREET NAME CHANGES IN BANDUNG, YOGYAKARTA, AND SURABAYA Fajar Erikha Fakultas Ilmu Pengetahuan Budaya, Universitas Indonesia; [email protected] DOI: 10.17510/paradigma.v11i1.373 ABSTRACT From 2017 to 2019, a number of street names were changed in Yogyakarta, Bandung and Surabaya City by each Provincial Government for the purpose of celebrating the reconciliation between the Sundanese (West Java) and the Javanese (Central Java, East Java, and Yogyakarta) after years of dispute due to the infamous Bubat Tragedy which occurred in the 14th century. Some existing street names in Yogyakarta and Surabaya were changed to those associated with Sundanese history, such as Jalan Padjadjaran and Jalan Siliwangi, while some existing street names in Bandung were changed to those associated with Javanese history, such as Jalan Majapahit and Jalan Hayam Wuruk. The author explores this phenomenon using the concept of critical toponymies and examines the connections between naming, place-making, and power underlying such policy. This study found that, although the changes were made with good intentions, in some cases this was actually opposed by several factions within the local community because those changes could obliterate the historical significance and collective memory represented by the previous names. From theoretical perspective, this paper also discussed the successful and unsuccessful changes of street names, as well as their relevance to the current context. In other words, our findings can be taken into consideration in future policy-making process.
    [Show full text]