BAB II DESKRIPSI OBYEK PENELITIAN A. Dari Singasari
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Concise Ancient History of Indonesia.Pdf
CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY OF INDONESIA CONCISE ANCIENT HISTORY O F INDONESIA BY SATYAWATI SULEIMAN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION JAKARTA Copyright by The Archaeological Foundation ]or The National Archaeological Institute 1974 Sponsored by The Ford Foundation Printed by Djambatan — Jakarta Percetakan Endang CONTENTS Preface • • VI I. The Prehistory of Indonesia 1 Early man ; The Foodgathering Stage or Palaeolithic ; The Developed Stage of Foodgathering or Epi-Palaeo- lithic ; The Foodproducing Stage or Neolithic ; The Stage of Craftsmanship or The Early Metal Stage. II. The first contacts with Hinduism and Buddhism 10 III. The first inscriptions 14 IV. Sumatra — The rise of Srivijaya 16 V. Sanjayas and Shailendras 19 VI. Shailendras in Sumatra • •.. 23 VII. Java from 860 A.D. to the 12th century • • 27 VIII. Singhasari • • 30 IX. Majapahit 33 X. The Nusantara : The other islands 38 West Java ; Bali ; Sumatra ; Kalimantan. Bibliography 52 V PREFACE This book is intended to serve as a framework for the ancient history of Indonesia in a concise form. Published for the first time more than a decade ago as a booklet in a modest cyclostyled shape by the Cultural Department of the Indonesian Embassy in India, it has been revised several times in Jakarta in the same form to keep up to date with new discoveries and current theories. Since it seemed to have filled a need felt by foreigners as well as Indonesians to obtain an elementary knowledge of Indonesia's past, it has been thought wise to publish it now in a printed form with the aim to reach a larger public than before. -
A Short History of Indonesia: the Unlikely Nation?
History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page i A SHORT HISTORY OF INDONESIA History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page ii Short History of Asia Series Series Editor: Milton Osborne Milton Osborne has had an association with the Asian region for over 40 years as an academic, public servant and independent writer. He is the author of eight books on Asian topics, including Southeast Asia: An Introductory History, first published in 1979 and now in its eighth edition, and, most recently, The Mekong: Turbulent Past, Uncertain Future, published in 2000. History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page iii A SHORT HISTORY OF INDONESIA THE UNLIKELY NATION? Colin Brown History Indonesia PAGES 13/2/03 8:28 AM Page iv First published in 2003 Copyright © Colin Brown 2003 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. The Australian Copyright Act 1968 (the Act) allows a maximum of one chapter or 10 per cent of this book, whichever is the greater, to be photocopied by any educational institution for its educational purposes provided that the educational institution (or body that administers it) has given a remuneration notice to Copyright Agency Limited (CAL) under the Act. Allen & Unwin 83 Alexander Street Crows Nest NSW 2065 Australia Phone: (61 2) 8425 0100 Fax: (61 2) 9906 2218 Email: [email protected] Web: www.allenandunwin.com National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Brown, Colin, A short history of Indonesia : the unlikely nation? Bibliography. -
Gus Dur, As the President Is Usually Called
Indonesia Briefing Jakarta/Brussels, 21 February 2001 INDONESIA'S PRESIDENTIAL CRISIS The Abdurrahman Wahid presidency was dealt a devastating blow by the Indonesian parliament (DPR) on 1 February 2001 when it voted 393 to 4 to begin proceedings that could end with the impeachment of the president.1 This followed the walk-out of 48 members of Abdurrahman's own National Awakening Party (PKB). Under Indonesia's presidential system, a parliamentary 'no-confidence' motion cannot bring down the government but the recent vote has begun a drawn-out process that could lead to the convening of a Special Session of the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR) - the body that has the constitutional authority both to elect the president and withdraw the presidential mandate. The most fundamental source of the president's political vulnerability arises from the fact that his party, PKB, won only 13 per cent of the votes in the 1999 national election and holds only 51 seats in the 500-member DPR and 58 in the 695-member MPR. The PKB is based on the Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), a traditionalist Muslim organisation that had previously been led by Gus Dur, as the president is usually called. Although the NU's membership is estimated at more than 30 million, the PKB's support is drawn mainly from the rural parts of Java, especially East Java, where it was the leading party in the general election. Gus Dur's election as president occurred in somewhat fortuitous circumstances. The front-runner in the presidential race was Megawati Soekarnoputri, whose secular- nationalist Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) won 34 per cent of the votes in the general election. -
Hans Harmakaputra, Interfaith Relations in Contemporary Indonesia
Key Issues in Religion and World Affairs Interfaith Relations in Contemporary Indonesia: Challenges and Progress Hans Abdiel Harmakaputra PhD Student in Comparative Theology, Boston College I. Introduction In February 2014 Christian Solidarity Worldwide (CSW) published a report concerning the rise of religious intolerance across Indonesia. Entitled Indonesia: Pluralism in Peril,1 this study portrays the problems plaguing interfaith relations in Indonesia, where many religious minorities suffer from persecution and injustice. The report lists five main factors contributing to the rise of religious intolerance: (1) the spread of extremist ideology through media channels, such as the internet, religious pamphlets, DVDs, and other means, funded from inside and outside the country; (2) the attitude of local, provincial, and national authorities; (3) the implementation of discriminatory laws and regulations; (4) weakness of law enforcement on the part of police and the judiciary in cases where religious minorities are victimized; and (5) the unwillingness of a “silent majority” to speak out against intolerance.2 This list of factors shows that the government bears considerable responsibility. Nevertheless, the hope for a better way to manage Indonesia’s diversity was one reason why Joko Widodo was elected president of the Republic of Indonesia in October 2014. Joko Widodo (popularly known as “Jokowi”) is a popular leader with a relatively positive governing record. He was the mayor of Surakarta (Solo) from 2005 to 2012, and then the governor of Jakarta from 2012 to 2014. People had great expectations for Jokowi’s administration, and there have been positive improvements during his term. However, Human Rights Watch (HRW) World Report 2016 presents negative data regarding his record on human rights in the year 2015, including those pertaining to interfaith relations.3 The document 1 The pdf version of the report can be downloaded freely from Christian Solidarity Worldwide, “Indonesia: Pluralism in Peril,” February 14, 2014. -
Historical Game of Majapahit Kingdom Based on Tactical Role-Playing Game
Historical Game of Majapahit Kingdom based on Tactical Role-playing Game Mohammad Fadly Syahputra, Muhammad Kurniawan Widhianto and Romi Fadillah Rahmat Department Information Technology, Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia Keywords: Cut-out Animation, History, Majapahit, Role-playing Game, Tactical Role-playing Game, Turn based Strategy, Video Game. Abstract: Majapahit was a kingdom centered in East Java, which once stood around year 1293 to 1500 C. Majapahit kingdom was the last Hindu-Buddhist kingdom that controlled Nusantara and is regarded as one of the greatest kingdom in Indonesia. The lack of modern entertainment content about the history of Majapahit kingdom made historical subject become less attractive. Therefore, we need a modern entertainment as one option to learn about the fascinating history of the kingdom of Majapahit. In this study the authors designed a video game about history of Majapahit kingdom with the genre of tactical role-playing game. Tactical role-playing game is a sub genre of role playing game by using system of turn-based strategy in every battle. In tactical role-playing game, players will take turns with the opponent and can only take action in their turn and each character will have an attribute and level as in role-playing game video game. This study used the A* algorithm to determine the movement direction of the unit and cut-out techniques in the making of animation. This study demonstrated that video games can be used as a media to learn about history. 1 INTRODUCTION only used as an entertainment, but also can be used as a story telling, and sometimes game also can be mixed Majapahit was a kingdom centered in East Java, with educational elements to train someone. -
5 Bab Ii. Pasukan Elite Kerajaan Majapahit Ii.1
BAB II. PASUKAN ELITE KERAJAAN MAJAPAHIT II.1 Landasan Teori II.1.1 Kerajaan Pada masa lalu Indonesia dihuni dengan macam – macam kerajaan diberbagai wilayah Indonesia, dari kerajaan Hindu, Buddha hingga Islam. Definisi Kerajaan adalah bentuk pemerintahan yang dipimpin oleh seorang aristocrat (bangsawan) yang jabatannya diperoleh dari garis keturunan penguasa, masa jabatan raja berlaku seumur hidup, kecuali raja itu sendiri yang mengundurkan diri (Suhelmi, 2007, h.233). Sistem pemerintahan kerajaan dapatdisebut monarki, arti kata monarki yang berasal dari Bahasa Yunani, kata mono yang artinya satu dan archeim yang artinya pemerintahan, jadi sistem pemerintahan monarki adalah suatu negara yang dipimpin oleh satu orang atau seorang raja (Rachmat, Sukidjo, Tukimo, 2002, h.26). Menurut (Mark), sistem pemerintahan kerajaan atau monarki adalah sistem pemerintahan yang tertua di dunia pada abad ke 3 SM, dilihat dari salah satu peradaban besar tertua di dunia yaitu bangsa Mesir Kuno yang pemimpin bangsanya adalah Fir’aun dengan sistem Monarki Absolut, raja pertama Mesir Kuno adalah Menes (https://www.ancient.eu/egypt, 29/01/2016, para 7). Gambar II.1 Pelat Narmer Abad ke 3 SM Sumber: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/NarmerPalette_ROM- gamma.jpg/800px-NarmerPalette_ROM-gamma.jpg (Diakses pada 21/04/2020) Hampir semua sistem pemerintahan di masa lalu adalah sistem kerajaan, tak terkecuali Indonesia. Pada masa lalu Indonesia memiliki kerajaan - kerajaan yang terkenal seperti Kerajaan Majapahit, Kerajaan Kutai, Kerajaan Sriwijaya dan masih 5 banyak lagi. Pada periode kerajaan – kerajaan di Indonesia, kerajaan tidak dijadikan sebagai pusat pemerintahaan saja, tapi juga dijadikan tempat menyebarluaskan kepercayaan, dari agama Hindu, agama Buddha dan juga agama Islam. -
Historical Scholarship Between South Asia and Europe
Java’s Mongol Demon. Inscribing the Horse Archer into the Epic History of Majapahit1 Jos Gommans Abstract The temple of Panataran near Blitar in Java features a unique scene in which one of the Ramayana demons, Indrajit, is depicted as a Mongol mounted horse-warrior. This essay explores the meaning of this representation on the basis of the multi- layered history and historiography of Java’s Mongol invasion. “Everything that happened in the Ramayana was absolutely real.” Maheshvaratirtha, sixteenth century (cited in Pollock 1993: 279) Panataran Temple Walking anti-clockwise around the base of the main terrace at Panataran Tem- ple, twelve kilometres north-east of Blitar in Java, the visitor is treated to the truly remarkable display of 106 relief panels carved with sequential scenes from the story of the Ramayana – the source of this particular series is the Kakawin version, which almost certainly dates from the ninth century CE, making it the earliest surviving work of Old Javanese poetry. Interestingly, the main charac- ter in this pictorial rendering is not the more customary figure of Rama, the exiled king, but instead his loyal monkey companion Hanuman. However, given the popularity of Hanuman in the Indic world in around the time the Panataran panels were made – the mid-fourteenth century – his prominence is perhaps not all that surprising after all (Lutgendorf 2007). Except for Hanu- man’s unusual role, the panels follow the conventional narrative, starting with the abduction of Rama’s wife Sita by Ravana, the demon king of Lanka. Many of the panels depict Hanuman’s heroic fights with demons (rakshasas), and the first series of battles culminates in panel 55, which shows Hanuman being attacked by Ravana’s son Indrajit. -
Aparatur Sipil Negara, BUKAN Abdi Negara Biasa
Media Edukasi dan Informasi Keuangan EDUKASI KEUANGAN ASN Aparatur Sipil Negara, BUKAN Abdi Negara Biasa Edisi 23/2014 Daftar Isi Salam Redaksi 2 Lintas Peristiwa 4 Liputan Utama 6 Liputan Khusus 14 Profil 18 Kuis 23 Serambi Ilmu 24 Mata Air 53 Klinik Sehat 55 Tips n Trik 56 English Corner 59 Selasar 60 Point Of Interest 61 Kalender Diklat 63 Resensi Buku 64 Kang Edu 65 Redaksi menerima kritik saran, pertanyaan, atau sanggahan terhadap EDUKASI masalah-masalah yang berkaitan dengan Kementerian Keuangan. K E U A N G A N Sampaikan melalui alamat email : [email protected] Salam Redaksi Belakangan ini muncul beberapa pertanyaan terkait dengan pegawai negeri sipil. Apa benar PNS berubah? Apakah jabatan dalam PNS juga diganti? Pertanyaan tersebut muncul sebagai konsekuensi dari disahkannya Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara. Undang-Undang tersebut menggantikan UU Nomor 43 tahun 1999 tentang Pokok Po- kok Kepegawaian. Aparatur Sipil Negara (ASN) dalam Undang- Undang tersebut secara istilah memang menggantikan istilah PNS. Undang-Undang ASN lahir dari usaha reformasi birokrasi di Indonesia, dimana sistem birokrasi menekankan pada efektifitas dan efisiensi. Banyak hal yang “berubah”, paradigma PNS sebagai sebuah pekerjaan mulai dikampanyekan bahwa PNS itu adalah profesi melalui sebutan barunya yaitu Aparatur Sipil Negara. Sebagai sebuah profesi, negara perlu mengatur adanya asas, nilai dasar, kode etik, sampai bagaimana mengembangkan ASN secara terpadu. Penajaman dan penekanan serta profesionalisme aparatur sipil negara terlihat pada butir-butir di Undang-Undang tersebut. Pengertian UU ASN, pokok pokok perubahan serta maksud dan tujuan dari perubahan tersebut kami tuangkan kedalam Liputan Utama Majalah edisi ke-23 ini. -
Bab Ii Deskripsi Pt. Sirkulasi Kompas Gramedia
BAB II DESKRIPSI PT. SIRKULASI KOMPAS GRAMEDIA A. Sekilas Perkembangan Kompas Gramedia A.1. Kompas Gramedia Kompas Gramedia (KG) merupakan sebuah perusahaan inti yang membawahi sirkulasi kompas gramedia dan beberapa unit bisnis di Indonesia yang bekerja sama secara langsung dengan Kompas Gramedia. Beranjak dari sejarahnya, Kompas Gramedia sebagai salah satu perusahaan yang terkemuka di Indonesia memiliki peristiwa-peristiwa penting yang menjadi tonggak perjalanan dari sejak berdiri sampai perkembangannya saat ini. Pada tanggal 17 Agustus 1963 terbitlah majalah bulanan intisari oleh Petrus Kanisius dan Jakob Oetama bersama J. Adisubrata dan Irawati SH. Majalah bulanan intisari bertujuan memberikan bacaan untuk membuka cakrawala bagi masyarakat Indonesia. pada saat itu, intisari terbit dengan tampilan hitam putih, tanpa sampul berukuran 14 x 17,5 cm dengan tebal halaman 128 halaman dan majalah ini mendapat sambutan baik dari pembaca dan mencapai oplah 11.000 eksemplar. Pada perkembangan industri printing di masa kini yang bersaing dengan waktu dan teknologi, Kompas Gramedia siap menerima tuntutan dan tantangan dunia sebagai penyedia jasa informasi dengan menyediakan berbagai sarana media seperti surat kabar, majalah, tabloid, 46 buku, radio, media on-line, televisi, karingan toko buku, dan sarana pendidikan. Kompas Gramedia juga hadir di usaha lain seperti jaringan hotel, jaringan percetakan, tempat pameran, kegiatan kebudayaan, pelaksana acara, properti, dan manufaktur (pabrik tissue dan popok). Semua itu menyatu dalam sebuah jaringan media komunikasi terpadu yang pada saat ini sedang melakukan transformasi bisnis berdasarkan nilai-nilai yang diwariskan para pendirinya yang dimanifestasikan dalam KG Values, yaitu 5C : Caring, Credible, Competent, Competitive, Customer Delight untuk menggapai visi dan misi : “Menjadi perusahaan yang terbesar, terbaik, terpadu, dan tersebar di Asia Tenggara melalui usaha berbasis pengetahuan yang menciptakan masyarakat terdidik, tercerahkan, menghargai kebhinekaan dan adil sejahtera”. -
Download Article (PDF)
Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, volume 552 Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Arts and Arts Education (ICAAE 2020) Life Values in Gapura Bajangratu Katrin Nur Nafi’ah Ismoyo1,* Hadjar Pamadhi 2 1 Graduate School of Arts Education, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia 2 Faculty of Languages and Arts, Yogyakarta State University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT This study employed the qualitative research method with Hans-George Gadamer’s semiotic approach and analysis based on Jean Baudrillard’s hyperreality. According to Gadamer, truth can be obtained not through methods, but dialectics, where more questions may be proposed, which is referred to as practical philosophy. Meanwhile, Jean Baudrillard argues that “We live in a world where there is more and more information, and less and less meaning …”. This paper discusses the life values of Gapura Bajang Ratu in its essence, as well as life values in the age of hyperreality. Keywords: Gapura Bajangratu, life values, hyperreality, semiotics 1. INTRODUCTION death of Bhre Wengker (end 7th century). There is another opinion regarding the history of the Bajangratu Gapura Bajangratu (Bajangratu Temple) is a Gate which believe it to be one of the gates of the heritage site of the Majapahit Kingdom which is located Majapahit Palace, due to the location of the gate which in Dukuh Kraton, Temon Village, Trowulan District, is not far from the center of the Majapahit Kingdom. Mojokerto Regency, East Java. Gapura Bajangratu or This notion provides historical information that the the Bajangratu Gate is estimated to have been built in Gapura gate is an important entrance to a respectable the 13-14th century. -
City Architecture As the Production of Urban Culture: Semiotics Review for Cultural Studies
HUMANIORA VOLUME 30 Number 3 October 2018 Page 248–262 City Architecture as the Production of Urban Culture: Semiotics Review for Cultural Studies Daniel Susilo; Mega Primatama Universitas dr. Soetomo, Indonesia; University College London, United Kingdom Corresponding Author: [email protected] ABSTRACT This article aims to describe the correlation between city’s architecture as urban culture and cultural studies, specifically in semiotics. This article starts with Chris Barker’s statement about city and urban as text in his phenomenal book, Cultural Studies, Theory and Practice. The city as a complex subject has been transformed into the representation of urban culture. In the post-modernism view, urban culture as cultural space and cultural studies’ sites have significantly pointed to became communications discourse and also part of the identity of Semiology. This article uses semiotics of Saussure for the research methods. Surabaya and Jakarta have been chosen for the objects of this article. The result of this article is describing the significant view of architecture science helps the semiotics in cultural studies. In another way, city’s architecture becomes the strong identity of urban culture in Jakarta and Surabaya. Architecture approaches the cultural studies to view urban culture, especially in symbol and identity in the post-modernism era. Keywords: city’s architecture; urban culture; semiotics; cultural studies INTRODUCTION Giddens (1993) in Lubis (2014:4) stated the society urbanization, a city that used to be not that big become is like a building who need reconstruction every day so large that has to prop up the need of its growing and human-created their reconstruction. -
Soekarno's Political Thinking About Guided Democracy
e-ISSN : 2528 - 2069 SOEKARNO’S POLITICAL THINKING ABOUT GUIDED DEMOCRACY Author : Gili Argenti and Dini Sri Istining Dias Government Science, State University of Singaperbangsa Karawang (UNSIKA) Email : [email protected] and [email protected] ABSTRACT Soekarno is one of the leaders of the four founders of the Republic of Indonesia, his political thinking is very broad, one of his political thinking about democracy is guided democracy into controversy, in his youth Soekarno was known as a very revolutionary, humanist and progressive figure of political thinkers of his day. His thoughts on leading democracy put his figure as a leader judged authoritarian by his political opponents. This paper is a study of thought about Soekarno, especially his thinking about the concept of democracy which is considered as a political concept typical of Indonesian cultures. Key word: Soekarno, democracy PRELIMINARY Soekarno is one of the four founders of the Republic of Indonesia according to the version of Tempo Magazine, as political figures aligned with Mohammad Hatta, Sutan Sjahrir and Tan Malaka. Soekarno's thought of national politics placed himself as a great thinker that Indonesian ever had. In the typology of political thought, his nationality has been placed as a radical nationalist thinker, since his youthful interest in politics has been enormous. As an active politician, Soekarno poured many of his thinkers into speeches, articles and books. One of Soekarno's highly controversial and inviting notions of polemic up to now is the political thought of guided democracy. Young Soekarno's thoughts were filled with revolutionary idealism and anti-oppression, but at the end of his reign, he became a repressive and anti-democratic thinker.