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Marangoni.Pdf Inizio Marangoni 28-11-2007 9:28 Pagina I Inizio Marangoni 28-11-2007 9:28 Pagina II Polymnia. Studi di Filologia Classica diretti da Lucio Cristante e Andrea Tessier 8 Supplementum etymologicum Latinum I / Claudio Marangoni. - Trieste : Edizioni Università di Trieste, 2007. - XXIV, 170 p. , 24 cm. (Polymnia : Studi di filologia classica ; 8) ISBN 88-8303-214-1 1. Lingua latina - Dizionari etimologici 472.03 (ed. 21) I. Marangoni, Claudio © Copyright 2007 - EUT EDIZIONI UNIVERSITÀ DI TRIESTE Proprietà letteraria riservata I diritti di traduzione, memorizzazione elettronica, di riproduzione e di adattamento totale o parziale di questa pubblicazione, con qualsiasi mezzo (compresi i microfilm, le fotocopie o altro) sono riservati per tutti i Paesi Volume pubblicato con il contributo dell’Università degli Studi di Padova Dipartimento di Scienze del Mondo Antico. Gruppo di ricerca PRIN 2005 Inizio Marangoni 28-11-2007 9:28 Pagina III Claudio Marangoni SVPPLEMENTVM ETYMOLOGICVM LATINVM I Edizioni Università di Trieste 2007 Inizio Marangoni 28-11-2007 9:28 Pagina IV Inizio Marangoni 28-11-2007 9:28 Pagina V Sommario Introduzione .............................................................................................................. pag. VII Supplementum ...................................................................................................................... 1 Indici ................................................................................................................................ 147 Auctores Latini .............................................................................................................. 149 Auctores Graeci ............................................................................................................ 163 - V- Inizio Marangoni 28-11-2007 9:28 Pagina VI Intro Marangoni 28-11-2007 9:29 Pagina VII INTRODUZIONE Il supplemento che qui presentiamo, il primo di una coppia, raccoglie più di mille occorrenze etimologiche (per ottocento lemmi) assenti dal Lexicon of Ancient Latin Etymologies di R. Maltby pubblicato a Leeds nel 1991, opera che costituisce ormai punto di riferimento obbligato per ogni studio nel settore. Un risultato, questo nostro, che è frutto di più di due anni di lavoro. L’idea è nata, in prima istanza, dalla constatazione della mancanza nel Lexi- con di un consistente numero di etimologie, anche famose, contemplate nei componimenti di alcuni poeti. Di Ovidio soprattutto, ma anche di Virgilio, di Properzio, di Silio Italico. E così pure per opere di storici quali Tito Livio e, più tardi, Ammiano Marcellino e Giordane. A un successivo allargamento del campo di ricognizione, che per il momento non comprende le opere dei grammatici, cui dedicheremo un secondo volume1, abbiamo appurato che le omissioni riguardano un numero assai elevato di poeti e prosatori. Alla fine della nostra ricerca ne contiamo centoquaranta tra i latini e diciotto tra i greci, per un totale di duecentottanta opere. In alcuni casi si tratta di poche occor- renze o anche di una soltanto, in altri il numero si alza in maniera anche assai significativa (come per le trenta e più di Silio Italico). Sono recuperi che ven- gono dalla lettura diretta, il più possibile attenta, degli autori indicati. Per i grandi agglomerati d’opere di autori cristiani, di Agostino in primis o di Ter- tulliano, Girolamo, Ambrogio ci siamo avvalsi dell’ausilio di banche dati 1 Così programmato per dare autonomia e visibilità a questo più specifico tipo di mate- riali. Contempleremo invece in questo primo volume qualche singola occorrenza di natura non grammaticale, ma relativa ad argomenti letterari o metricologici, da Aftonio, Audax, Diomede, Atilio Fortunaziano, Pompeo, Sacerdote, Servio, Terenziano Mauro. - VII - Intro Marangoni 28-11-2007 9:29 Pagina VIII INTRODUZIONE testuali, interrogate mediante specifiche marche2, quali la Cetedoc Library of Christian Latin Texts (CLCLT) e la Patrologia Latina on line3. Durante l’allestimento di questo primo volume del nostro Supplementum sono stati pubblicati da N. Adkin due contributi contenenti un certo numero di aggiunte al Lexicon4. Il primo contempla, accanto ad alcune acquisizioni, buone diremmo, ad es., da Cicerone, da Quintiliano, da Agostino, da Girola- mo, da Isidoro, dai grammatici, un gran numero di occorrenze dalle tarde rac- colte di Differentiae o dai Glossaria che Maltby tendeva ad escludere5; il secondo è specificamente dedicato a Prisciano. Ovviamente noi non ripren- deremo i materiali ivi presenti; molto, anzi, escluderemmo6. 2 Quali ‘appell*’, ‘nomin*’, ‘nomen’, ‘nuncup*’, ‘unde dic*’, ecc. 3 Della Patrologia si rivelano ancora assai utili i materiali inventariati nell’Index Lin- guisticae compreso alle coll. 645-752 del duecentoventunesimo ed ultimo volume. 4 Some Additions to Maltby’s Lexicon of Ancient Latin Etymologies, in C. Deroux, Stu- dies in Latin Literature and Roman History, XII, Bruxelles 2005, 74-96, e Further Additions to Maltby’s Lexicon of Ancient Latin Etymologies: Priscian, in C. Deroux, Studies … XIII, Bruxelles 2006, 462-478. 5 Fuoriesce sicuramente dal quadro temporale disegnato da Maltby, che si ferma ad Isi- doro, l’occorrenza di asylum presso il Mitografo Vaticano II. Né sono al loro posto etimolo- gie di termini greci quali borevan ... ajpo; th'" boh'" dal De mundo di Apuleio o Zeuv" ... ajpo; th'" zwh'" di Servio. 6 In ambedue le serie sono presenti con frequenza occorrenze relative a casi ordinari di composizione verbale o di derivazione suffissale quali, ad es., facio - adficio, conficio, defi- cio; fallo - refello; fateor - confiteor; misereor / misereo - miseresco; salio - insilio; pater - paternus; rex -regalis. Maltby, a ragione, non li prendeva in considerazione. Si potrebbero, volendo, riempire pagine e pagine, senza frutto reale alcuno e con il rischio di rendere confu- sa la fisionomia di un lessico etimologico. Facciamo l’esempio degli incoativi considerando l’illustrazione che ne danno -tra gli altri- Diomede (gramm. V 343 s.) e Carisio (gramm. p. 329 s. Barw.). Essi collegano con il rispettivo verbo di base o con il sostantivo o con l’agget- tivo almeno aegresco, amasco, calesco, delitesco, dumesco, flammesco, floresco, frondesco, gelasco, herbesco, hisco, horresco, ignesco, labasco, lentesco, miseresco. Lemmi da inserire? E cosa fare con l’Ars di Eutyches (ma lo stesso discorso vale in parte anche per Diomede) dove la lista degli incoativi (gramm. V 448) non è accompagnata dai relativi termini di base, impliciti tuttavia nel discorso del grammatico: inchoativa quidem, quae semper derivativa sunt nec a verbis tantum modo, sed etiam a nominibus derivantur, et in sco solum desinunt … ut hebesco calesco pertimesco evanesco tremesco terresco horresco patesco notesco fer- - VIII - Intro Marangoni 28-11-2007 9:29 Pagina IX INTRODUZIONE Ma qui importa rispondere subito, anche per noi, a una osservazione fatta a proposito della raccolta di Maltby, e cioè che, pur per una conoscenza epi- dermica, il materiale etimologico antico sarebbe recuperabile tutto o in parte nel Kopf delle relative voci del Thesaurus7. In primo luogo, ovviamente, nes- sun materiale si può trovare per le voci del lessico che non sono ancora pub- blicate, in particolare per quelle onomastiche ferme dal secondo decennio del secolo scorso alla lettera D. E questo è un punto del massimo rilievo in quan- to, almeno per questa prima parte del nostro supplemento, le voci comprese sono idionimi per circa la metà dei casi8. Non è del tutto corretto, poi, ritene- re, per le voci pubblicate, che la parte etimologica antica del Kopf contenga tutte le informazioni disponibili o almeno quelle più rilevanti. Manca, ad es., l’importante testimonianza etimologica relativa ad Academia che ricorre nel- l’opera specifica di S. Agostino Contra Academicos (3,9,18). Assente pure per lo stesso autore aequitas del De quantitate animae (9,15), dove è parola tema- tica (viene dato invece il passo di Isidoro, orig. 10,7 che da quello agostinia- no dipende). Mancano, sempre di Agostino, le incipitarie disciplina e musica di discipl. 1,1 e mus. 1,1,1. Manca librarius come tecnicismo di ambito mili- tare testimoniato da Vegezio (mil. 2,7), come pure legionarii equites di 2,1, e, dallo stesso paragrafo, l’etimologia di exercitus (ab exercitio), diffusa sì, ma vesco labasco dormisco vesperasco purpurasco inveterasco senesco iuvenesco glisco. Li escluderemmo? Noi certamente, nonostante Adkin e nonostante M. Salvadore, Etimologie antiche in una moderna raccolta, “RFIC” 121, 1993, 239-250: 241 s., non li contemplere- mo, né gli uni né gli altri, nel nostro secondo volume. 7 Si veda Salvadore, 240. 8 Per le argomentazioni etimologiche relative all’onomastica sono importanti, accanto agli imprenscindibili lavori di W. Schultze, Zur Geschichte lateinischer Eigennamen, Berlin 1933, di B. Doer, Die römische Namengebung: ein historischer Versuch, Stuttgart 1937, di I. Kajanto, The Latin Cognomina, Helsinki 1965, le dissertazioni meno note forse e sicura- mente meno diffuse ma altrettanto pregevoli e ancor più utili di J. Reichmuth, Die lateini- schen Gentilicia und ihre Beziehungen zu den römischen Individualnamen, Diss. Zürich, Schwyz 1956 (Ref. M. Leumann) e di J. Bäumerich, Über die Bedeutung der Genealogie in der römischen Literatur, Diss. Köln 1964 (Ref. H. Dahlmann). Per i nomi di luogo altrettan- to utile W.-A. Frhr. von Reitzenstein, Untersuchungen zur römischen Ortsnamengebung, Diss. München 1970 (Ref. S. Lauffer). - IX - Intro Marangoni 28-11-2007 9:29 Pagina X INTRODUZIONE importante
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