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Религия И Культура / Religion and Culture Религия и культура / Religion and Culture Гольцеву вернуть долг позже, после получения отцовского наследства, а в качестве залога предложил икону Смоленской Божьей Матери, преподнесённую М.И. Куту- зову. Пока неясно, как «Кутузовская» икона попала к М.Ф. Кашталинскому [Тимо- феев, 2015, 282–283]. Исследователи отмечают, что «Кутузовская» икона представляет несомнен- ный интерес и с иконографической точки зрения. В частности, Я.Р. Бибарцева ука- зывает, что данная икона является «настоящей революцией в истории иконописи» [Тайна, http://www.smolnews.ru/news/182299]. В.Г. Пуцко называет «Кутузовскую» икону «исключением», исследователь отмечает, что икона представляет собой «ико- нописную вариацию гравюрной композиции» XVIII века. В.Г. Пуцко приводит несколько примеров похожих произведений, например, икона Нила Столбенско- го (1774 год). Художественный стиль иконы исследователь сравнивает со стилем В.Л. Боровиковского (1757–1825 гг.), который в академической живописной манере писал иконы и портреты. В.Г. Пуцко отмечает, что смоленский иконописец «нахо- дился под явным воздействием В.Л. Боровиковского и, может быть, даже отчасти использовал его произведения в качестве моделей». В.Г. Пуцко усматривает сход- ство даже в позах и жестах персонажей, изображённых на иконах [Пуцко, 2000]. Сотрудники Смоленского государственного музея-заповедника также обращают наше внимание на точность прорисовки деталей в нижней части иконы. Мы можем увидеть такие смоленские достопримечательности как Вознесенский монастырь, Нижне-Никольскую церковь, Успенский собор, надвратную церковь Богоматери. Подробно изображена и крепостная стена, окружающая город, а также проломы в ней, появившиеся в 1812 году в результате боя за Смоленск [«Кутузовская икона», http://www.smolensk-museum.ru/novosti/muzeynaya_zhizn/k-130-letiyu-smolenskogo- gosudarstvennogo-muzeya-zapovednika-art-i-e-fakty-130-let-predmetnoj-istorii/]. Таким образом, «Кутузовская икона» была создана в Смоленске зимой 1812–1813 годов по заказу местных жителей в благодар- ность М.И. Кутузову за освобождение Смолен- ска. В качестве основы была взята почитаемая икона Смоленской Божьей Матери и, скорее всего, гравюры с изображением Смоленска. По- дарить икону М.И. Кутузову смоляне не успе- ли вследствие его скоропостижной кончины. К нашему времени сохранилось четыре списка «Кутузовской» иконы – в Смоленске, Санкт- Петербурге, Гомеле и Москве. Местонахожде- ние ещё одного списка, вологодского (который, скорее всего, и был оригиналом иконы), неиз- вестно. Первые три из перечисленных списков практически полностью идентичны, московский список отличается и размером, и примитивной манерой письма. Московский список однозначно не является оригиналом «Кутузовской» иконы, Илл. 1. Кутузовская икона. но оставшиеся три списка могут претендовать Смоленский государственный на это «звание». Подчеркнём, что лишь при по- музей-заповедник. мощи специальной экспертизы возможно уста- Фото С. Захарова. новить какой из имеющихся экземпляров иконы является оригиналом. Тем не менее, все списки «Кутузовской» иконы, несомненно, были созданы более двухсот лет назад и пред- ставляют собой уникальный памятник отечественной иконописи первой половины XIX века. 118 Религия и культура / Religion and Culture Библиографический список 1. 1812: война и мир: материалы всероссийской научной конференции / М.Б. Деверилина, С.А. Кремень. – Смоленск: Свиток, 2009. – 257 с. 2. Барклай-де-Толли, М.Б. Изображение военных действий 1812 года / М.Б. Барклай-де- Толли. – СПб.: Типография П.П. Сойкина, 1912. – 107 с. 3. Б-вь. Кутузовская икона Божией Матеря / Б-вь // Русский паломник. – 1912. – № 41. – С. 637. 4. Бибарцева, Я.Р. Икона Богоматери Смоленской-Кутузовской / Я.Р. Бибарцева // Музейный вестник. – Смоленск, 2013. – Вып. 7. – C. 5–13. 5. Виноградов, Л. Храм, открывающий объятия / Л. Виноградов // Казанский собор. – 2011. – № 1 (61). – С. 4. 6. Вороновский, В.М. Отечественная война 1812 г. в пределах Смоленской губернии / В.М. Вороновский. – СПб., 1912. – 428 с. 7. Глинка Ф.Н. Письма русского офицера. М.: Правда, 1990. 448 с. 8. Идрисова, Р. О принесении иконы Смоленской Божьей Матери в Казань / Р. Идрисова // Гасырлар авазы. – 2012. – № 3–4. – С. 32–40. 9. Пуцко, В.Г. Кутузовская икона в Смоленске / В.Г. Пуцко // Отечественная война 1812 года в Калужской губернии и российской провинции. –Малоярославец, 2000. – С. 107–112. 10. Русский инвалид. – 1815. – № 72. – С. 287. 11. Смоленский вестник. – 1898. – № 81. – С. 3 12. Смоленские епархиальные ведомости. – 1913. – № 5. – С. 272–273. 13. «Кутузовская икона». Смоленские сюжеты войны 1812 года // Смоленский государ- ственный музей-заповедник [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: http://www.smolensk-museum. ru/novosti/muzeynaya_zhizn/k-130-letiyu-smolenskogo-gosudarstvennogo-muzeya-zapovednika- art-i-e-fakty-130-let-predmetnoj-istorii/ (дата обращения 22.07.2019). 14. Смирнов, А. Священной памяти Двенадцатого года // Наше наследие. – 2012. – № 103 [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: http://www.nasledie-rus.ru/podshivka/10305.php. (дата обраще- ния 21.07.2019). 15. Тайна «Кутузовской» иконы раскрыта в Смоленске // Смоленские новости. – 2013. – 11 декабря [Электронный ресурс]. – URL: http://www.smolnews.ru/news/182299 (дата обра- щения 20.07.2019). 16. Тимофеев, Л.В. Факты и домыслы о происхождении Алексея Николаевича Оленина / Л.В. Тимофеев // Петербургский исторический журнал: исследования по российской и все- общей истории. – 2015. – № 4 (8). – С. 268–285. 17. Шода, Т. Посвящение князю Кутузову // Гомельская правда. – 2012. – 16 июня [Элек- тронный ресурс]. – URL: https://gp.by/regionsfact/special/news20556.html. (дата обращения 21.07.2019). Текст поступил в редакцию 05.06.2019. References 1. Smolensk State Museum-Preserve. Rare Book Storage, file 28 (in Russian). 2. “Kutuzovskaya ikona”. Smolenskie syuzhety vojny 1812 goda [Kutuzov Icon. Smolensk Plots of the War of 1812]. Available at: http://www.smolensk-museum.ru/novosti/muzeynaya_zhizn/k-130-letiyu- smolenskogo-gosudarstvennogo-muzeya-zapovednika-art-i-e-fakty-130-let-predmetnoj-istorii/ (accessed: July 22, 2019) (in Russian). 3. Deverilina M.B., Kremen' S.A. 1812: vojna i mir: materialy vserossijskoj nauchnoj konferencii [1812: The War and Peace: Proc. of All Russia Science Conference]. Smolensk: Svitok, 2009, 257 p. (in Russian). 4. Barclay de Tolly M.A. Izobrazhenie voennyh dejstvij 1812 goda [The Picture of Military Actions in 1812]. St. Petersburg: Tipografiya P.P. Sojkina, 107 p. (in Russian). 5. Russkij palomnik [Russian Pilgrim]. 1912, no. 41, p. 637 (in Russian). 6. Bibarceva Ya.R. Muzejnyj vestnik [Museum Bulletin]. Smolensk, 2013, vol. 7, pp. 5–13 (in Russian). 7. Vinogradov L. Kazanskij sobor [Kazan Cathedral]. 2011, no. 1 (61), p. 4 (in Russian). 8. Voronovskij V.M. Otechestvennaya vojna 1812 g. v predelah Smolenskoj gubernii [The Civil War of 1812 in Smolensk Governorate]. St. Petersburg, 1912, 428 p. (in Russian). 9. Glinka F.N. Pis'ma russkogo officera [A Russian Officer’s Letters]. Moscow: Pravda, 1990, 448 p. (in Russian). 10. Idrisova R. Gasyrlar avazy [Echo of Centuries]. 2012, no. 3–4, pp. 32–40 (in Russian). 11. Pucko V.G. Otechestvennaya vojna 1812 goda v Kaluzhskoj gubernii i rossijskoj provincii [The Civil War of 1812 in Kaluga Governorate and Russian Province]. Maloyaroslavec, 2000, pp. 107–112 (in Russian). 119 Религия и культура / Religion and Culture 12. Russkij invalid [Russian Invalid]. 1815, no. 72, p. 287 (in Russian). 13. Smirnov A. Nashe nasledie [Our Heritage]. 2012, no. 103. Available at: http://www.nasledie-rus.ru/ podshivka/10305.php (accessed: July 21, 2019) (in Russian). 14. Smolenskie eparhial'nye vedomosti [Smolensk Eparchial Bulletin]. 1913, no. 5, pp. 272–273 (in Russian). 15. Smolenskie novosti [Smolensk News]. December 11, 2013. Available at: http://www.smolnews.ru/ news/182299 (accessed: July 20, 2019) (in Russian). 16. Timofeev L.V. Peterburgskij istoricheskij zhurnal: issledovaniya po rossijskoj i vseobshchej istorii [St. Petersburg Historical Journal: Studies in Russian and World History]. 2015, no 4 (8), pp. 268–285 (in Russian). 17. Shoda T. Gomel'skaya Pravda [Gomel Truth]. June 16, 2012. Available at: https://gp.by/regionsfact/ special/news20556.html (accessed: July 21, 2019) (in Russian). Submitted for publication on June 5, 2019. 120 Религиоведение. 2019. № 4 Religiovedenie [Study of Religion]. 2019. No. 4 DOI: 10.22250/2072-8662.2019.4.121-127 Ekaterina A. Teryukova State Museum of the History of Religion 14 Pochtamtskaya St., St. Petersburg, Russia, 190000 [email protected] Central Anti-Religious Museum in Moscow: Historical Landmarks (1929–1947) Abstract. The study focuses on the activities of the Central Anti-Religious Museum (CAM) in Moscow – an issue previously overlooked by historians. The article considers different aspects of its work during the brief period from 1929 to 1947 relating to the establishment and closure of the museum as well as provides an overview of the key areas of its collection, expedition, research and exhibition work. The article also follows the development of the CAM’s highly skilled research team that investigated rudimentary religious practices of ethnicities inhabiting the USSR and the gradual disappearance of these practices. The growing research potential of the CAM and the museum’s evolution from a propagandist institution into a history museum led to the renaming of the CAM to the Central Museum of the History of Religion and Atheism in 1942, upon which the museum passed from the auspices of the League of Militant Atheists into the charge of the USSR Academy
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