Application of Link Integrity Techniques from Hypermedia to the Semantic Web
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RCS Demographics V2.0 Codebook
Religious Characteristics of States Dataset Project Demographics, version 2.0 (RCS-Dem 2.0) CODE BOOK Davis Brown Non-Resident Fellow Baylor University Institute for Studies of Religion [email protected] Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following persons for their assistance, without which this project could not have been completed. First and foremost, my co-principal investigator, Patrick James. Among faculty and researchers, I thank Brian Bergstrom, Peter W. Brierley, Peter Crossing, Abe Gootzeit, Todd Johnson, Barry Sang, and Sanford Silverburg. I also thank the library staffs of the following institutions: Assembly of God Theological Seminary, Catawba College, Maryville University of St. Louis, St. Louis Community College System, St. Louis Public Library, University of Southern California, United States Air Force Academy, University of Virginia, and Washington University in St. Louis. Last but definitely not least, I thank the following research assistants: Nolan Anderson, Daniel Badock, Rebekah Bates, Matt Breda, Walker Brown, Marie Cormier, George Duarte, Dave Ebner, Eboni “Nola” Haynes, Thomas Herring, and Brian Knafou. - 1 - TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Citation 3 Updates 3 Territorial and Temporal Coverage 4 Regional Coverage 4 Religions Covered 4 Majority and Supermajority Religions 6 Table of Variables 7 Sources, Methods, and Documentation 22 Appendix A: Territorial Coverage by Country 26 Double-Counted Countries 61 Appendix B: Territorial Coverage by UN Region 62 Appendix C: Taxonomy of Religions 67 References 74 - 2 - Introduction The Religious Characteristics of States Dataset (RCS) was created to fulfill the unmet need for a dataset on the religious dimensions of countries of the world, with the state-year as the unit of observation. -
The International History Bee and Bowl Asian Division Study Guide!
The International History Bee and Bowl Asian Division Study Guide Welcome to the International History Bee and Bowl Asian Division Study Guide! To make the Study Guide, we divided all of history into 5 chapters: Middle Eastern and South Asian History, East and Southeast Asian History, US American History, World History (everything but American and Asian) to 1789, and World History from 1789-present. There may also be specific questions about the history of each of the countries where we will hold tournaments. A list of terms to be familiar with for each country is included at the end of the guide, but in that section, just focus on the country where you will be competing at your regional tournament (at least until the Asian Championships). Terms that are in bold should be of particular focus for our middle school division, though high school competitors should be familiar with these too. This guide is not meant to be a complete compendium of what information may come up at a competition, but it should serve as a starting off point for your preparations. Certainly there are things that can be referenced at a tournament that are not in this guide, and not everything that is in this guide will come up. At the end of the content portion of the guide, some useful preparation tips are outlined as well. Finally, we may post additional study materials, sample questions, and guides to the website at www.ihbbasia.com over the course of the year. Should these become available, we will do our best to notify all interested schools. -
Palestinian Economic Development: Israeli Actions in Light of the 1994 Paris Protocol and International Economic Law Vincent El Hayek
University of Minnesota Law School Scholarship Repository Minnesota Journal of International Law 2015 Palestinian Economic Development: Israeli Actions in Light of the 1994 Paris Protocol and International Economic Law Vincent El Hayek Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mjil Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Hayek, Vincent El, "Palestinian Economic Development: Israeli Actions in Light of the 1994 Paris Protocol and International Economic Law" (2015). Minnesota Journal of International Law. 286. https://scholarship.law.umn.edu/mjil/286 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the University of Minnesota Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Minnesota Journal of International Law collection by an authorized administrator of the Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Palestinian Economic Development: Israeli Actions in Light of the 1994 Paris Protocol and International Economic Law Vincent El Hayek In 1993, Israel and the Palestinian Liberation Organization signed the Oslo Accords,' starting a peace process that was meant to end with a Palestinian State. The Oslo Accords were only the start of numerous agreements, including the 1994 Gaza-Jericho Agreement, which became Annex IV to the Accords, commonly known as the Paris Protocol.2 The Paris Protocol laid out the framework for what was to be the economic relationship between Israel and a Palestinian state. Its writers recognized the importance that stability and growth in the Palestinian economy had for any hope of a lasting peace. 3 As such, they developed a strategy which hinged on four "pillars" for Palestinian economic development: 11] International aid; [2] close Israeli-Palestinian economic relations; [3] foreign and private investment; and [4] access to foreign markets for Palestinian exports.4 When the Paris Protocol was first signed, excitement was high. -
A Look at Schillings of the Free Imperial City of Riga by Charles Calkins
A Look at Schillings of the Free Imperial City of Riga by Charles Calkins The seaport of Riga is the capital of Latvia and the largest city of the Balkan states. It is located on the Gulf of Riga, a bay of the Baltic Sea, at the mouth of the Daugava river. The area was settled in ancient times by the Livs, a Finnic tribe, giving the area its name of Livonia. Riga began developing economically due to the Daugava being used as a Viking trade route to Byzantium. By the 12th century, German traders were visiting Riga, establishing an outpost near Riga in 1158. After a failed attempt at Christianization in the late 1100s, Bishop Albert landed with a force of crusaders in 1200, and transferred the Livonian bishopric to Riga in 1201, which became the Archbishopric of Riga in 1255. Albert established the Order of Livonian Brothers of the Sword in 1202 to defend territory and commerce, and Emperor Philip of Swabia caused Livonia to become a principality of the Holy Roman Empire. The Order of Livonian Brothers was given one-third of Livonia, and the Church the other two-thirds, which included Riga. In 1211, Riga minted its first coinage, and gradually gained more independence through the 1200s. In 1236, the Order of Livonian Brothers was defeated in battle with the Samogitians of Lithuania. The remaining Brothers were incorporated into the Teutonic Knights as a branch known as the Livonian Order. The Livonian Order subsequently gained control of Livonia. In 1282, Riga became a member of the Hanseatic League, a confederation of towns and merchant guilds which provided legal and military protection. -
![Development at the Border - Appendix a [Not for Publication]](https://docslib.b-cdn.net/cover/4646/development-at-the-border-appendix-a-not-for-publication-564646.webp)
Development at the Border - Appendix a [Not for Publication]
Development at the border - Appendix A [Not for publication] The alignment of boundaries in colonial times This appendix illustrates the hazards that presided to the alignment of boundaries during colonial times. When referring to pre-colonial political entities, it is worth recalling that even structured kingdoms drew no maps1, and that ethnic groups are historical objects that were at least influenced, if not constructed in some instances, by colonial and post-colonial politics.2 Some kingdoms were com- posed of groups speaking di®erent languages, on a federal basis, like for instance the Gyaman kingdom lying across the present-day Cote d'Ivoire-Ghana border.3 A.1. The border of Cote d'Ivoire with Ghana The border area between Cote d'Ivoire and Ghana stretches from the lagoon regions bordering the Atlantic Ocean to the savannah in the North. We exclude the most northern part of this border where only few survey clusters are close enough to the border, i.e. the Bouna district in Cote d'Ivoire and the northern region in Ghana. On the Cote d'Ivoire side, the southern border area is made up of ¯ve contemporary districts: the "d¶epartements" of Bondoukou, Tanda, Agnibilekrou, Abengourou and Aboisso. This administrative de¯nition of the border region selects survey clusters that are pretty close to the border: they range from 1 to 118 km from the border, with a mean distance of 30 km. On the side of Ghana, the available regional subdivisions provide less details: we are left with two regions, Western and Brong-Ahafo; this latter region extends far from the Cote d'Ivoire border, so that 25% of survey clusters are more than 100 km away from the border, 1Herbst, J.I., 2000. -
Die Landwirtschaftliche Forschung Im Obstbau Südtirols Entwicklung Und Ausblick
erwerbs-Obstbau (2012) 54:83–115 DOi 10.1007/s10341-012-0171-x Originalbeitrag Die Landwirtschaftliche Forschung im Obstbau Südtirols Entwicklung und Ausblick Josef Dalla Via · Hermann Mantinger eingegangen: 26. August 2012 / Angenommen: 28. August 2012 / Online publiziert: 26. Oktober 2012 © Die Autor(en) 2012. Dieser Artikel ist auf Springerlink.com mit Open Access verfügbar. Zusammenfassung Südtirol ist mit 18.538 ha anbau- aufbau der landwirtschaftlichen aus- und Weiterbildung fläche das größte zusammenhängende apfelanbaugebiet in deutscher Sprache und die jungen landwirtschaftlichen europas. Mit 1,18 Mio. t an produzierten Äpfeln (2011), Fachschulen übernehmen zwischenzeitlich auch die obst- mehr als die Hälfte der Produktion italiens, kommt je- bauliche Versuchstätigkeit im Lande. der neunte in der eU-27 produzierte apfel aus Südtirol. Mit dem zweiten Autonomiestatut 1972 geht die Kom- 53 % der gesamten Wertschöpfung aus der Landwirtschaft petenz zur Errichtung landwirtschaftlicher Versuchsanstal- Südtirols stammt aus dem Apfel-anbau, auf nur 7,7 % der ten an die autonome Provinz bozen über und mit dem landwirtschaftlichen Nutzfläche Südtirols. 1. Jänner 1976 wird das ‘land- und Forstwirtschaftliche in der vorliegenden arbeit wird die entwicklung der Versuchszentrum laimburg’ gegründet, als Forschungs- obstbaulichen Forschung beschrieben und wie sie sich aus institution der gesamten landwirtschaftlichen Forschung dem historischen Kontext entwickelt hat. aus konkreten Südtirols, der angewandten wie auch der grundlagen- anbaufragen, -
He Ideals of the Eas Ith Special Refereno O The
HE I DEALS OF THE EAS I TH SPECI AL REFERENO O THE A R T O F J A PA N " 11 7 3 2. BY KAKUZO O KAKURA L O N D O N J O HN URRAY ALBE ARLE S TREET M , M 1905 PRE FATO RY NO TE wishes to point ou t tha t this book is wr i tten in by a na i a n t ve qf J ap . CO N TE N TS I NTRODUCTI O N THE RANGE O F I DEALS THE PRI MITI VE A RT O F J APAN CON FUCIANI S M NO RTHERN CH I NA LAO I S M AND TAO I S M — S O UTH ERN CH I NA BUDD H I S M AND INDIAN ART — THE AS UKA PERI OD ( 5 5 0 700 A .D .) — 1 08 THE NARA PE RI OD (700 8 00 A .O .) - 1 28 THE HEIAN PERIOD (8 00 900 AD .) W — THE FUJ I ARA PE RIOD (900 1200 A.D .) K K 1 2 - 40 A D THE AMA URA PERIOD ( 00 1 0 . .) 1 4 0- 1 w AS HI KAGA PERI OD ( 0 600 .) Vll C ONTENTS PAGE TOYOTO MI AN D EARLY TO KUGAWA — PERI OD ( 1 600 1 700 A n.) LATER TO KU GAWA PERIOD ( 1 700. 1 8 5 0 A .D .) THE M EIJI PERI OD ( 1 8 5 0 TO THE PRESE NT DAY ) THE V I STA I N T R O D U C T I O N K A KUZ O K A KURA t his O , the author of work on Japanese A r t Ideals— and the t future au hor, as we hope , of a longer and completely illustrated book on the same subject— has been long known to his own people and to others as the foremost living authority on Oriental Archaeology and Art . -
Durham E-Theses
Durham E-Theses The life and the autobiographical poetry of Oswald von Wolkenstein Robertshaw, Alan Thomas How to cite: Robertshaw, Alan Thomas (1973) The life and the autobiographical poetry of Oswald von Wolkenstein, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/7935/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk THE LIFE AND THE AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL POETRY OF OSWALD VON WOLKENSTEIN Thesis submitted to the University of Durham for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Alan Thomas Robertshaw, B»A. Exeter, March, 1973 The copyright of this thesis rests with the author. No quotation from it should be published without his prior written consent and information derived from it should be acknowledged. CONTENTS Chapter Page Acknowledgements i Abstract ii Abbreviations iv I, INTRODUCTION 1 1o Summary of Research 1 20 Beda -
Die Etsch Und Ihre Kartographische Aufnahme Durch Ignaz Von Nowack 1802 Bis 1805
Die Etsch und ihre kartographische Aufnahme durch Ignaz von Nowack 1802 bis 1805 Wilfried Beimrohr Die Etsch einst und heute Die Etsch (im Italienischen Adige) entspringt in den Ötztaler Alpen in 1550 m Höhe auf der Südtiroler Seite des Reschenpasses. Mit einer Wasserführung von 235 m3/s ist die Etsch nach Po, Ticino und Tiber der viertgrößte und mit einer Länge von 415 km der zweitgrößte Fluss Italiens, nur der Po ist länger. Ihre wichtigsten Nebenflüsse im Gebirge sind, von links einmündend und von Norden nach Süden, Passer, Eisack und Avisio sowie, von rechts einmündend, Plima, Falschauer und Noce. Die Etsch durchfließt den Vinschgau mit seinen fünf Talterrassen, überwindet die Talsperre der Töll und gelangt in den Meraner Talkessel und damit in das Etschtal. Bei Meran wird die westöstliche Flussrichtung plötzlich gebrochen, die Etsch wendet sich jäh nach Südosten und strebt dem Talkessel von Bozen zu. Dort richtet sie sich nach Südwesten aus, die Richtung wird sie bis zum Austritt aus den Alpen beibehalten. Unterhalb von Bozen durchfließt sie das Südtiroler Unterland, die Salurner Klause und erreicht nach rund 140 km das Gebiet der italienischen Provinz Trento (Trient), passiert die Provinzhauptstadt Trento (Trient) und durcheilt in der Nähe von Rovereto eine Stromenge. Etwas unterhalb von Borghetto verlässt die Etsch das Vallagerina (Lagertal), wie das Etschtal unterhalb von Trient genannt wird, somit das trienterische und damit alttirolische Territorium und wälzt sich durch die Engstelle der Veroneser Klause. In der Ebene knickt die Etsch nach Südosten ab und erreicht Verona. Im Unterlauf ist die Etsch mit dem Mündungsgebiet des Po verbunden und verzweigt sich. -
17 Infidel Turks and Schismatic Russians in Late Medieval Livonia
Madis Maasing 17 Infidel Turks and Schismatic Russians in Late Medieval Livonia 17.1 Introduction At the beginning of the sixteenth century, political rhetoric in Livonia was shaped by the threat posed by an alien power: Following a significant deterio- ration in the relations between the Catholic Livonian territories and their mighty Eastern Orthodox neighbour – the Grand Duchy of Moscow – war broke out, lasting from 1501 to 1503, with renewed armed conflict remaining an immi- nent threat until 1509. During this period of confrontation, and afterwards, the Livonians (i.e., the political elite of Livonia) fulminated in their political writ- ings about the gruesome, schismatic, and even infidel Russians, who posed a threat not only to Livonia, but to Western Christendom in general. In the Holy Roman Empire and at the Roman Curia, these allegations were quite favoura- bly received. Arguably, the Livonians’ greatest success took the form of a papal provision for two financially profitable anti-Russian indulgence campaigns (1503–1510). For various political reasons, the motif of a permanent and general ‘Russian threat’ had ongoing currency in Livonia up until the Livonian War (1558–1583). Even after the collapse of the Livonian territories, the Russian threat motif continued to be quite effectively used by other adversaries of Mos- cow – e.g., Poland-Lithuania and Sweden. I will focus here first and foremost on what was behind the initial success of the Russian threat motif in Livonia, but I will also address why it persisted for as long as it did. A large part of its success was the fact that it drew upon a similar phenomenon – the ‘Turkish threat’,1 which played a significant role in the political rhetoric of Early Modern Europe, especially in south-eastern 1 This research was supported by the Estonian Research Council’s PUT 107 programme, “Me- dieval Livonia: European Periphery and its Centres (Twelfth–Sixteenth Centuries)”, and by the European Social Fund’s Doctoral Studies and Internationalization Programme DoRa, which is carried out by Foundation Archimedes. -
The Aghlabids and Their Neighbors: an Introduction
Please provide footnote text Chapter 1 The Aghlabids and Their Neighbors: An Introduction Glaire D. Anderson, Corisande Fenwick, and Mariam Rosser-Owen This book takes an interdisciplinary and transregional approach to the Aghlabid dynasty and ninth-century North Africa, to highlight the region’s im- portant interchange with other medieval societies in the Mediterranean and beyond. It comprises new invited essays alongside revised versions of select papers presented at the symposium, “The Aghlabids and Their Neighbors: Art and Material Culture in Ninth-Century North Africa,” held in London in May 2014 under the aegis of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.1 This event was originally intended as a small interdisciplinary workshop on the his- tory and material culture of the Aghlabid dynasty of Ifriqiya and its immediate neighbors in the region, but it rapidly became a larger event when we real- ized the scale of scholarly interest in the topic. The workshop brought scholars together from different national as well as disciplinary traditions to consider the Aghlabids and their neighbors, with the aim of moving toward a more in- tegrated understanding of this crucial dynasty and period within the Islamic world. Our stated aim in the call for papers was to consider North Africa not as a peripheral frontier whose artistic production was inferior to or derivative of trends in the Abbasid heartlands of Iraq and Egypt, which is how it has long been situated in the history of Islamic art, but as one of the vibrant centers of the early medieval dār al-Islām. In doing so, we hoped not only to reevaluate problematic yet persistent notions of the region’s peripherality in Islamic (art) history and archaeology, but also to illuminate processes of acculturation and interaction between ninth-century North Africa, Iberia, Sicily/Italy, and other regions. -
Civilisations from East to West
Civilisations from East to West Kinga Dévényi (ed.) Civilisations from East to West Corvinus University of Budapest Department of International Relations Budapest, 2020 Editor: Kinga Dévényi Tartalomjegyzék Szerkesztette: Authors: LászlóDévényi Csicsmann Kinga (Introduction) Kinga Dévényi (Islam) Szerzők: Csicsmann László (Bevezető) Előszó �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 13 Mária DévényiIldikó Farkas Kinga (Japan) (Iszlám) (Japán) BernadettFarkas Lehoczki Mária (Latin Ildikó America) Lehoczki Bernadett (Latin-Amerika) Tamás Matura (China) Matura Tamás (Kína) 1. Bevezetés a regionális–civilizációs tanulmányokba: Az új világrend és a ZsuzsannaRenner Renner Zsuzsanna (India) (India) paradigmák összecsapása – Csicsmann László������������������������������������������� 15 Sz. Bíró Zoltán (Oroszország) Zoltán Sz. Bíró (Russia) 1.1. Bevezetés .............................................................................................. 15 Szombathy Zoltán (Afrika) 1.2. Az új világrend és a globalizáció jellegzetességei ................................ 16 ZoltánZsinka Szombathy László (Africa) (Nyugat-Európa, Észak-Amerika) 1.3. Az új világrend vetélkedő paradigmái ....................................................... 23 LászlóZsom Zsinka Dóra (Western (Judaizmus) Europe, North America) 1.4. Civilizáció és kultúra fogalma(k) és értelmezése(k) .................................. 27 ....................................................... 31 Dóra Zsom (Judaism) 1.5.