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Civilisations from East to West Civilisations from East to West Kinga Dévényi (ed.) Civilisations from East to West Corvinus University of Budapest Department of International Relations Budapest, 2020 Editor: Kinga Dévényi Tartalomjegyzék Szerkesztette: Authors: LászlóDévényi Csicsmann Kinga (Introduction) Kinga Dévényi (Islam) Szerzők: Csicsmann László (Bevezető) Előszó �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 13 Mária DévényiIldikó Farkas Kinga (Japan) (Iszlám) (Japán) BernadettFarkas Lehoczki Mária (Latin Ildikó America) Lehoczki Bernadett (Latin-Amerika) Tamás Matura (China) Matura Tamás (Kína) 1. Bevezetés a regionális–civilizációs tanulmányokba: Az új világrend és a ZsuzsannaRenner Renner Zsuzsanna (India) (India) paradigmák összecsapása – Csicsmann László������������������������������������������� 15 Sz. Bíró Zoltán (Oroszország) Zoltán Sz. Bíró (Russia) 1.1. Bevezetés .............................................................................................. 15 Szombathy Zoltán (Afrika) 1.2. Az új világrend és a globalizáció jellegzetességei ................................ 16 ZoltánZsinka Szombathy László (Africa) (Nyugat-Európa, Észak-Amerika) 1.3. Az új világrend vetélkedő paradigmái ....................................................... 23 LászlóZsom Zsinka Dóra (Western (Judaizmus) Europe, North America) 1.4. Civilizáció és kultúra fogalma(k) és értelmezése(k) .................................. 27 ....................................................... 31 Dóra Zsom (Judaism) 1.5. Fejlődés, modernitás és modernizáció Térképek: Varga Ágnes 1.6. Huntington és a civilizációk összecsapásának a tézise .............................. 36 Maps: Ágnes Varga 1.7. A civilizációs elmélet kritikái .................................................................... 39 Tördelés: Jeney László 1.8. Összefoglalás ............................................................................................. 40 The relief maps presented in the book have been pre- 1.9. Irodalomjegyzék ........................................................................................ 41 pared A based kötetben on szereplő Maps for domborzati Free (https://maps-for- térképek a Maps free.com/).for ForFree all other(https://maps-for-free.com/) maps Shaded Relief base szabadmaps felhasználású térképek, a többi térkép az ArcGIS for accessible via ArcGIS for Desktop 10.0 have been used. Desktop 10.0 szoftverben elérhető Shaded Relief alaptérkép felhasználásával készültek. 2. Távol-Kelet ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 45 Revision: Zsolt Rostoványi Lektor: 2.1. A kínai civilizáció – Matura Tamás ..................................................... 47 ISBN (printed book): 978-963-503-847-3Rostoványi Zsolt 2.1.1. A mai Kína számokban .......................................................................................... 48 2.1.2. Kína földrajza ........................................................................................................ 48 ISBNISBN (online): 978-963-503-690-5 978-963-503-848-0 (nyomtatott könyv) 2.1.3. Népesség ................................................................................................................ 51 ISBN 978-963-503-691-2 (on-line) 2.1.4. A kínai nyelv .......................................................................................................... 53 Cover photograph: Google Earth, 2018 2.1.5. Hitvilág .................................................................................................................. 54 Borítókép: Google Earth, 2018. A taoizmus ............................................................................................................... 56 Photographs were made by Judit Bagi, László Csicsmann, Kinga Dévényi, A konfucianizmus .................................................................................................... 57 MáriaA képfelvételeket Ildikó Farkas, készítette: Máté L. Bagi Iványi, Judit, Muhammad Csicsmann László,Hafiz, DévényiAndrea Kinga,Pór, A legizmus előfutára ................................................................................................ 59 ZsuzsannaFarkas Mária Ildikó, Iványi Renner, MiklósL. Sárközy, Máté, Muhammad Hafiz, Pór Andrea, Renner Zsuzsanna, Zoltán Szombathy, Erika Tóth. Sources of 2.1.6. Kína története és annak hatása nemzetközi kapcsolataira ..................................... 59 2.1.7. A dinasztiák kora ................................................................................................... 61 Sárközy Miklós, Szombathy Zoltán, Tóth Erika. A szabad felhasználású képek forrását freely available figures are given individually. Special thanks to the Oriental lásd az egyes illusztrációknál. Külön köszönet az MTA Könyvtár Keleti Gyűjteményének A Hszia-dinasztia (i. e. 2200 k. – 1600) ................................................................... 62 Collection of the Library of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences for allowing use a kéziratos oldalak felhasználásának engedélyezéséért. A Sang-dinasztia (i. e. 1600–1046) .......................................................................... 62 of manuscript pages. A Csou-dinasztia (i. e. 1046–221)............................................................................ 63 Kiadó: Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem A monarchia hanyatlása ..................................................................................... 65 Published by: Corvinus University of Budapest A Hadakozó fejedelemségek kora (i. e. 5. sz. – i. e. 221) .................................. 66 .............................................................................. 67 Publication and underlying research sponsored A Csin-dinasztia (i. e. 221–206) A kötet megjelentetését és az alapjául szolgáló kutatást A Han-dinasztia (i. e. 202 – i. sz. 220) ..................................................................... 69 a Magyar Nemzeti Bank támogatta.by the National Bank of Hungary. A Három Királyság kora (220–280) ........................................................................ 70 5 Table of Contents Foreword ........................................................................................................................ 13 1. Introduction to Regional and Civilisational Studies .................................................. 15 1.1. The New World Order and the Clash of Paradigms ‒ LÁSZLÓ CSICSMANN ...... 17 1.1.1. Introduction ................................................................................................ 17 1.1.2. The characteristics of the New World Order and globalisation .................. 18 1.1.3. The competing paradigms of the New World Order .................................. 24 1.1.4. Definition(s) and interpretation(s) of civilisation and culture .................... 28 1.1.5. Progress, modernity and modernisation ..................................................... 32 1.1.6. Huntington and the Clash of Civilisations thesis........................................ 37 1.1.7. Criticisms of the civilisational theory......................................................... 39 1.1.8. Summary .................................................................................................... 40 1.1.9. Bibliography ............................................................................................... 41 2. The Far East ............................................................................................................... 45 2.1. The Chinese Civilisation ‒ TAMÁS MATURA ..................................................... 47 2.1.1. China today in figures ................................................................................ 48 2.1.2. Geography .................................................................................................. 48 2.1.3. Population .................................................................................................. 51 2.1.4. Language .................................................................................................... 53 2.1.5. Religious beliefs ......................................................................................... 54 Taoism ............................................................................................................. 56 Confucianism .................................................................................................. 57 The forerunner of Legalism ............................................................................. 58 2.1.6. The history of China and its effect on international relations .................... 59 2.1.7. The age of dynasties ................................................................................... 60 Xia dynasty (from ca. 2200 to 1600 BCE) ........................................................ 61 Shang dynasty (from 1600 to 1046 BCE) ......................................................... 62 Zhou dynasty (from 1046 to 221 BCE) ............................................................. 62 Decline of the monarchy ............................................................................. 64 Warring States period (from fifth century BCE to 221 BCE) ........................ 65 Qin dynasty (from 221 to 206 BCE) ................................................................. 66 Han dynasty (from 202 BCE to 220 CE) ........................................................... 67 The Three Kingdoms (from 220 to 280) ........................................................
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